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SILAS  VRldltTbliNNlNG  1 
BEQUEST 
,  UNIVERSITY  o,  MICHIGAN 

I  U         CajJERAL  LIBRARY        J 


A5 

1X7. 

.-275- 


REPORT  AND  TRANSACTIONS 


OF  THE 


DEVONSHIRE  ASSOCIATION 


FOR 


THE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE,  LITERATURE, 

AND  ART. 


[TORQUAY,  JULY,   1893.] 


VOL   XXV. 


PLYMOUTH : 
WILLLA.M   BRENDON  AND   SON. 


1893. 

AU  riglUi  rtaerved. 


[   2   ] 


The  Editor  is  requested  by  the  Council  to  make  it  known 
to  the  Public,  that  the  Committees  and  Authors  alone  are 
responsible  for  the  facts  and  opinions  contained  in  their 
respective  Eeports  and  Papers. 

It  is  hoped  that  Members  will  be  so  good  as  to  send  to  the 
Editor,  the  Rev.  W.  Habplby,  Clayhanc:er  Eectory,  Tiverton, 
not  later  than  16th  January,  1894,  a  list  of  any  errata  they 
may  have  detected  in  the  present  volume. 


[  3  ] 


CONTENTS. 


List  of  Officers 
Places  of  Meeting,  &c. 
Rules 


Fsge 
6 

6 

7 

11 

16 

20,21 

22 

28 

25 


Bye-Laws  and  Standing  Orders 

Report 

Balance  Sheet 

Property 

Selected  Minates  of  Council  appointing  Committees 

President's  Address 

Obituary  Notices — John  Hill — Edward  Parfitt — Frederic  Sanders 
Pulling,  M. A.— Edward  Vivian,  if. A. — William  Adderly  Barton 
Wren  .  .  .  ...     159 

Seventeenth  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Scientific  Memoranda.     J. 

Brooking  Rowe,  F.8.A.,  f.l.8.      .  .  .  .        .     171 

Thirteenth  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Devonshire  Verbal  Provincialisms. 

F.  T.  Elworthy  .  .  ...     181 

Eleventh  Report  (Second  Series)  of  the  Committee  on  the  Climate  of 

Devon.     P.  F.  S.  Amery  .  .  ...     212 

Fifth  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Devonshire  Records.    J.  Brooking 

Rowe,  F.S.A.,  F.L.8.,  andR.  W.  Cotton  ...     218 

The  Story  of  Torbay.     Paul  Q.  Earkeek,  m.b.o.8.,  ico.h.  .  .        .    249 

Side-Lights  on  the  Early  History  of  Torquay.     R.  N.  Worth,  f.o.8.      .  261 

The  Climate  of  Torquay.     Alfred  Chandler,  f.r.met.soc.  .  .        .  271 

Devonshire  Dialect.     W.  F.  Collier    .  .  ...  276 

The  Devonshire  Domesday.    Sir  Frederick  Pollock  .  .        .  286 

On  the  Association's  English  Version  of  the  Devonshire  Domesday. 

Sir  John  B.  Phear,  M.A.,  f.o.s.     .  .  ...     299 

\     The  Identifications  of  the  Domesday  Manors  of  Devon.     R.  N.  Worth, 

r.O.S.  .  .  .  .  ...       ij\)v 

Syon  Abbey.    Rev.  J.  S.  Bums  .  .  ...     343 

The  Marwood  List  of  Briefs,  1714-1774.     Rev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge    .        .     356 

Panchard  of  Heanton-Pnnchardon,  County  Devon.     E.  G.  Punchard, 

D.D.,  OzoN.,  Vicar  of  Christ  Church,  Luton,  Bods.      .  .        .    382 


4  CONTENTS. 

Page 

Wills,  the  Australian  Explorer.    T.  W.  Windeatt  .  .        .     389 

Some  Further  Notes  on  Ezmonth  Warren.    J.  M.  Martin,  O.K.,  etc.     .     406 

The  Author  of  "The  Worthies  of  Devon,"  and  the  Prince  Family. 

Winslow  Jones  .  .  ...     416 

A  Visitation  of  St  Mary  Church  in  A.D.  1301.     The  Right  Rev. 

Monsignor  Brownlow,  m.a.  .  .  .  .        .     431 

Richard  Izacke,  and  his  "Antiquities  of  Exeter."   T.  N.  Brushfield,  m.d.    448 

John  Tucker:   Parish  Clerk  of   Comworthy  and  Antiquary.      Rev. 

S.  G.  Harris,  m.a.         .  .  .  ...     470 

Place-Names  in  Volume  I.  of  the  Publications  of  the  Dartmoor  Preserva- 
tion Association.    Robert  Bumard  and  Arthur  Prowse,  m.d.,  f.r.c.8.     482 

Some  Remarks  on  the  Bounds  of  the  Forest  of  Dartmoor,  with  Special 
Reference  to  the  Parishes  of  Throwleigh,  Chagford,  and  Gidleigh. 
Rev.  T.  W.  Whale,  m.a.  .  .  .  .        .     610 

Arts  and  Crafts  on  Dartmoor  in  the  Year  when  Queen  Victoria  was 

Crowned.     J.  Phillips  .  .  .  ...     535 

The  Stone  Rows  of  Dartmoor.     Part  II.     R.  N.  Worth,  F.o.s.  .     541 

Broadbury  and  its  Ancient  Earthworks.     J.  M.  Martin,  c.E.,  etc.         .     547 

A  Few  Sheaves  of  Devon  Bibliography.      The  Fourth  Sheaf.      Rev. 

John  Ingle  Dredge         .  .  .  ...     552 

At  Last     John  Phillips       .  .  .  ...     602 

List  of  Members  .  .  ...     605 


PLATE 


Page 
Old  Exeter  Conduit  .  .  .  ...    462 


[  5  ] 


OFFICERS 

1893-94. 
T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  Esq.,  m.d. 


His  Worship  the  Mayor  of  Torquay,  W.  F.  SPLATT,  Esq. 


E.  APPLETON,  Esq.,  ce. 
L.  B.  BOWRING,  Esq.,  c.8.i. 
The  Rt.  Rev.  Monsionor  BROWN- 
LOW,  M.A. 
Rev.  E.  p.  GREGG,  m.a. 
A.  H.  A.  HAMILTON,  Esq.,  j.p.,  c.c. 
SAMP30N  HAN  BURY,  Esq.,  j.p. 
BRISCOE  HOOPER,  Esq. 
Sir  EDMUND  HORNBY,  Kt. 


A.  R.  HUNT,  Esq.,  m.a.,f.o.s.,f.l.8. 
P.  Q.   KARKEEK,  Esq.,  m.r.c.s.. 

President  of  the  Torquay  Natural 

History  Society. 
J.  KITSON,  Esq. 
R.  MALLOCK,  Esq.,  m.p. 
G.  A.  MUSGRAVE,  Esq.,  f.r.o.8., 

F.Z.S. 

T.  VICCARS,  Esq. 


P.  F.  S.  AMERY,  Esq.,  Druid,  AshburUm, 

1l{on.  iroral  ZxtuAViXtx, 
SAMUEL  JOHNSON,  Esq.,  Torquay  Bank. 

fkon,  J^rcntarp. 
Rev.  W.  HARPLEY,  m.a.,  f.c.p.s.,  Clayhanger,  Tiverton. 

Ilton.  irocal  J^rnrrtarp. 
FREDE.  S.  HEX,  Esq.,  1,  Lansdoume  Villas,  Torquay, 


ACLAND,  Bib  H.  W.  D. 
ALDRIDGB,  G. 
ALPORD,  D.  P. 
AMERT,  J.  S. 
AMBRY.  P.  F.  8. 
BLAGKLER,  T.  A. 
BROWNLOW.  W.  R. 
BRUSHFIELD,  T.  N. 
BURNARD,  R. 
BURNS.  J.  8. 
CHANDLER.  A 
CHANTER.  J.  R. 
CHAPMAN,  C. 
CLINTON,  LORD. 
COLERIDGE,  LORD. 
COLLIER,  W.  F. 
C0L80N,  F.  H. 
COTTON,  R.  W. 
COTTON,  W. 
COWIE,  B. 

CUNNINGHAM,  J.  T. 
DREDGE,  J.  I. 


Council. 

ELWORTHY,  F.  T. 
GARSTANG,  W. 
GREGORY,  A.  T. 

H  A  TiTj    X.  M. 

HAMILTON,  A.  H.  A. 
HAMLING,  J.  G. 
HARPLEY,  W. 
HARRIS,  S.  G. 
HINE,  J. 
HOOPPELL,  R.  E. 
HUDLE8T0N,  W.  H. 
HUTCHIN80N,  P.  O. 
JONES,  W. 
JORDAN,  W.  R.  H. 
KARKEEK,  P.  Q. 
LAKE,  W.  C. 
LONDON,  BISHOP  OP 
MARTIN,  J.  M. 
PENGELLY,  W. 
PHEAR,  Sib  J.  B. 
PHILLIPS,  J. 
PIDSLEY,  W.  E. 


POLLOCK.  Sir  F. 
PR0W8E,  A.  B. 
PUNOHARD,  E.  G. 
RADFORD,  D. 
RADFORD,  Mrs.  G. 
RANKILOK,  H.  M.  • 
ROWE,  J.  B. 
SHELLY,  J. 
SHIER,  D. 
SPRAGUE,  F.  8. 
STEBBING,  T.  R.  R. 
TROUP.  Mrs. 
TUCKER,  R.  C. 
VARWELL,  P. 
WEYMOUTH,  R.  F. 
WHALE,  T.  W 
WINDEATT,  E. 
WINDEATT,  T.  W. 
WOODHOUSB,  H.  B.  8. 
WORTH,  R.  H. 
WORTH.  R.  N. 
WRIGHT,  W.  H.  K. 


[   6  ] 


PLACES  OF  MEETING 


OF 


THE    DEVONSHIRE    ASSOCIATION, 


Place  of  Meeting. 

1862.  ExSTEB 

1863.  Plymouth 

1864.  Torquay 

1865.  Tiverton 

186a  Tavistock 

1867.  Barnstaple 

1868.  HoNiTON 

1869.  Dartmouth 

1870.  Dbvonport 

1871.  BiDEPORD 

1872.  Exeter 

1873.  Sidmouth 
187i.  Teionmouth 

1875.  Torrinoton 

1876.  Ashburton 

1877.  KiNOSBRIDQB 

1878.  Paignton 

1879.  Ilvraoombe 

1880.  Totnbs 

1881.  Dawlish 

1882.  Grediton 

1883.  Exmouth 

1884.  Kbwton  Abbot 

1885.  Seaton 

1886.  St.  Martohurou 

1887.  Pltmpton 

1888.  Exeter 

1889.  Tavistock 

• 

1890.  Barnstaple 

1891.  Tiverton 

1892.  Plymouth 

1893.  Torquay 


President 

Sir  John  Bowrmg,  ll.!).,  f.r.& 

0.  Spence Bate,  Esq.,  f.r.s.,  f.ls. 

E.  Vivian,  Esq.,  M.A. 

0.  G.  B.  Daubeny,  m.d.,  ll.p.,  f.r.8.,  Pro 

fessor  of  Botany,  Oxford. 
Earl  Russell,  k.o.,  K.o.a,  f.r.s.,  &c 
W.  Pengelly,  Esq.,  f.r.s.,  f.g.s. 
J.  D.  Coleridge,  Esq.,  q.c.,  m.a.,  m.p. 
G.  P.  Bidder,  Esq.,  c.e. 
J.  A.  Froude,  Esq.,  m.a. 
Rev.  Canon  C.  Kingsley,  M.A.,  f.l.s.,  f.o.s. 
Right  Rev.  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter. 
Right  Hon.  S.  Cave,  m.a.,  m.p. 
Earl  of  Devon. 
R.  J.  King,  Esq.,  m.a. 
Rev.  Treasurer  Hawker,  m.a. 
Yen.  Archdeacon  Earle,  m.a. 
Sir  Samuel  White  Baker,  m.a.,  f.r.s.,  F.R.a.s 
Sir  R.  P.  Collier,  m.a. 

H.  W.  Dyke  Acland,  M.A.,  m.d.,  ll.d.,  f.b.s. 
Rev.  Professor  Chapman,  m.a. 
J.  Brooking  Rowe,  Esq.,  f.s.a.,  f.ls. 
Very  Rev.  C.  Merivale,  d.d.,  d.c.l. 
Rev.  T.  R.  R.  Stebbing,  m.a. 
R.  P.  Weymouth,  Esq.,  M.A.,  d.ut. 
Sir  J.  B.  Phear,  m.a.,  F.a.8. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Dallinger,  ll.d.,  f.r.8.,  f.l.8.,  &c. 
Very  Rev.  Dean  Cowie,  d.d. 
W.  H.  Hudleston,  Esq.,  m.a.,  f.r.s.,  f.q.s. 

F.L.8.,  &c 

Lord  Clinton,  m.a. 

R.  N.  Worth,  Esq.,  f.g.s. 

A.  H.  A.  Hamilton,  m.a.,  j.p.,  o.c. 

T.  N.  Brushfield,  m.d. 


[  7  ] 


RULES. 


1.  The  Association  shall  be  styled  the  Devonshire  Association 
for  the  advancement  of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art. 

2.  The  objects  of  the  Association  are — To  give  a  stronger 
impulse  and  a  more  systematic  direction  to  scientific  enquiry  in 
Devonshire ;  and  to  promote  the  intercourse  of  those  who  cultivate 
Science,  Literature,  or  Art,  in  different  parts  of  the  county. 

3.  The  Association  shall  consist  of  Members,  Honorary  Members, 
and  Corresponding  Members. 

4.  Every  candidate  for  membership,  on  being  nominated  by  a 
member  to  whom  he  is  personally  known,  shall  be  admitted  by 
the  General  Secretary,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  General 
Meeting  of  the  Members. 

5.  Persons  of  eminence  in  Literature,  Science,  or  Art,  connected 
with  the  West  of  England,  but  not  resident  in  Devonshire, 
may,  at  a  General  Meeting  of  the  Members,  be  elected  Honorary 
Members  of  the  Association;  and  persons  not  resident  in  the 
county,  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  Association,  may  be  elected 
Corresponding  Members. 

6.  Every  Member  shall  pay  an  Annual  Contribution  of  Haif- 
a-guinea, or  a  Life  Composition  of  Five  Guineas. 

7.  Ladies  only  shall  be  admitted  as  Associates  to  an  Annual 
Meeting,  and  shall  pay  the  sum  of  Five  Shillings  each. 

8.  Every  Member  shall  be  entitled  gratuitously  to  a  lady's  ticket. 

9.  The  Association  shall  meet  annually,  at  such  a  time  in  July 
and  at  such  place  as  shall  be  decided  on  at  the  previous  Annual 
Meeting. 

10.  A  President,  two  or  more  Vice-Presidents,  a  General 
Treasurer,  and  one  or  more  General  Secretaries,  shall  be  elected 
at  each  Annual  Meeting. 


8  RULES. 

11.  The  President  shall  not  be  eligible  for  re-election. 

12.  Each  Annual  Meeting  shall  appoint  a  local  Treasurer  and 
Secretary,  who,  with  power  to  add  to  their  number  any  Members 
of  the  Association,  shall  be  a  local  Committee  to  assist  in  making 
such  local  arrangements  as  may  be  desirable. 

13.  In  the  intervals  of  the  Annual  Meetings,  the  aifairs  of  the 
Association  shall  be  managed  by  a  Council,  which  shall  consist 
exclusively  of  the  following  Members  of  the  Association,  excepting 
Honorary  Members,  and  Corresponding  Members  : 

(a)  Those  who  fill,  or  have  filled,  or  are  elected  to  fill,  the  offices 
of  President,  General  and  Local  Treasurers,  General  and  Local  Secre- 
taries, and  Secretaries  of  Committees  appointed  by  the  Council 

{b)  Authors  of  papers  which  have  been  printed  in  exfenso  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  Association. 

14.  The  Council  shall  hold  a  Meeting  at  Exeter  in  the  month 
of  January  or  February  in  each  year,  on  such  day  as  the  General 
Secretary  shall  appoint,  for  the  due  management  of  the  affairs  of 
the  Association,  and  the  performing  the  duties  of  their  office. 

15.  The  General  Secretary,  or  any  four  members  of  the  Council, 
may  call  extraordinary  meetings  of  their  body,  to  be  held  at 
Exeter,  for  any  purpose  re(j[uiring  their  present  determination,  by 
notice  under  his  or  their  hand  or  hands,  addressed  to  every  other 
member  of  the  Council,  at  least  ten  clear  days  previously,  specifying 
the  purpose  for  which  such  extraordinary  meeting  is  convened. 
No  matter  not  so  specified,  and  not  incident  thereto,  shall  be 
determined  at  any  extraordinary  meeting. 

16.  The  General  Treasurer  and  Secretary  shall  enter  on  their 
respective  offices  at  the  meeting  at  which  they  are  elected;  but 
the  President,  Vice-Presidents,  and  Local  Officers,  not  until  the 
Annual  Meeting  next  following. 

17.  With  the  exception  of  the  Ex-Presidents  only,  every 
Councillor  who  has  not  attended  any  Meeting,  or  adjourned 
Meeting,  of  the  Council  during  the  period  between  the  close 
of  any  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Members  and  the  close 
of  the  next  but  two  such  Annual  General  Meetings,  shall  have 
forfeited  his  place  as  a  Councillor,  but  it  shall  be  competent  for 
him  to  recover  it  by  a  fresh  qualification. 

18.  The  Council  shall  have  power  to  fill  any  Official  vacancy 
which  may  occur  in  the  intervals  of  the  Annual  Meetiugs. 

19.  The  Annual  Contributions  shall  be  payable  in  advance,  and 
shall  be  due  in  each  year  on  the  day  of  the  Annual  Meeting. 


s 


RULES.  9 

20.  The  Treasurer  shall  receive  all  sums  of  money  due  to  the 
Association ;  he  shall  pay  all  accounts  due  by  the  Association  after 
they  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved ;  and  he  shall  report 
to  each  meeting  of  the  Council  the  balance  he  has  in  hand,  and 
the  names  of  such  members  as  shall  be  in  arrear,  with  the  sums 
due  respectively  by  each. 

21.  Whenever  a  Member  shall  have  been  three  months  in  arrear 
in  the  payment  of  his  Annual  Contributions,  the  Treasurer  shall 
apply  to  him  for  the  same. 

22.  Whenever,  at  an  Annual  Meeting,  a  Member  shall  be  two 
years  in  arrear  in  the  payment  of  his  Annual  Contributions,  the 
Council  may,  at  its  discretion,  erase  his  name  from  the  list  of 
members. 

23.  The  General  Secretary  shall,  at  least  one  mouth  before  each 
Annual  Meeting,  inform  each  member  by  circular  of  the  place  and 
date  of  the  Meeting. 

24.  Members  who  do  not,  on  or  before  the  day  of  the  Annual 
Meeting,  give  notice,  in  writing  or  personally,  to  the  General 
Secretary  of  their  intention  to  withdraw  from  the  Association, 
shaU  be  r^arded  as  members  for  the  ensuing  year. 

25.  The  Association  shall,  within  three  months  after  each  Annual 
Meeting,  publish  its  Transactions,  including  the  Kules,  a  Financial 
Statement  a  List  of  the  Members,  the  Eeport  of  the  Council,  the 
President's  Address,  and  such  Papers,  in  abstract  or  in  extenso, 
read  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  as  shadl  be  decided  by  the  Council 

26.  The  Association  shall  have  the  right  at  its  discretion  of 
prmting  in  extenso  in  its  Transactions  all  papers  read  at  the  Annual 
Meeting.  The  Copyright  of  a  paper  read  before  any  meeting  of 
the  Association,  and  the  illustrations  of  the  same  which  have  been 
provided  at  his  expense,  shall  remain  the  property  of  the  Author ; 
but  he  shall  not  be  at  liberty  to  print  it,  or  allow  it  to  be  printed 
elsewhere,  either  in  extenso  or  in  abstract  amounting  to  as  much  as 
one-half  of  the  length  of  the  paper,  before  the  first  of  November 
next  after  the  paper  is  read. 

27.  The  Authors  of  papers  printed  in  the  Transactions  shall, 
within  seven  days  after  tiie  Transactions  are  published,  receive 
twenty-five  private  copies  free  of  expense,  and  shall  be  allowed  to 
have  any  further  number  printed  at  their  own  expense.  All 
arrangements  as  to  such  extra  copies  to  be  made  by  the  Authors 
with  the  Printers  to  the  Association. 

VOL.   XXV.  B 


10  KULES. 

28.  If  proofs  of  papers  to  be  published  in  the  Transactions 
be  sent  to  Authors  for  correction,  and  are  retained  by  them 
beyond  four  days  for  each  sheet  of  proof,  to  be  reckoned  from  the 
day  marked  thereon  by  the  printers,  but  not  including  the  time 
needful  for  transmission  by  post,  such  proofs  shall  be  assumed  to 
require  no  further  correction. 

29.  Should  the  extra  charges  for  small  type,  and  types  other 
than  those  known  as  Eoman  or  Italic,  and  for  the  Authors  correc- 
tions of  the  press,  in  any  paper  published  in  the  Transactions, 
amoxmt  to  a  greater  sum  than  in  the  proportion  of  ten  shillings 
per  sheet,  such  excess  shall  be  borne  by  the  Author  himself,  and 
not  by  the  Association ;  and  should  any  paper  exceed  four  sheets, 
the  cost  beyond  the  cost  of  the  four  sheets  shall  be  borne  by  the 
Author  of  the  paper.  * 

30.  Every  Member  shall,  within  three  months  after  each  Annual 
Meeting,  receive  gratuitously  a  copy  of  the  Transactions. 

31.  The  Accounts  of  the  Association  shall  be  audited  annually, 
by  Auditors  appointed  at  each  Annual  Meeting,  but  who  shall  not 
be  ex  officio  Members  of  the  Council 


[   H    ] 


BYE-LAWS  AND  STANDING  ORDERS. 


1.  In  the  interests  of  the  Association  it  is  desirable  that  the 
President's  Address  in  each  year  be  printed  previous  to  its 
delivery. 

2.  In  the  event  of  there  being  at  an  Annual  Meeting  more 
Papers  than  can  be  disposed  of  in  one  day,  the  reading  of  the 
residue  shall  be  continued  the  day  following. 

3.  The  pagination  of  the  Transactions  shall  be  in  Arabic 
numerals  exclusively^  and  carried  on  consecutively,,  from  the 
b^inning  to  the  end  of  each  volume;  and  the  Transactions  of 
each  year  shall  form  a  distinct  and  separate  volume. 

4.  The  General  Secretary  shall  bring  to  each  Annual  Meeting 
of  the  Members  a  report  of  the  number  of  copies  in  stock  of  each 
'  Part '  of  the  Transactions,  with  the  price  per  copy  of  each  '  Part ' 
specified;  and  such  report  shall  be  printed  in  the  Transactions 
next  after  the  Treasurer's  financial  statement. 

5.  The  Greneral  Secretary '  shall  prepare  and  bring  to  each 
Annual  Meeting  brief  Obituary  Notices  of  Membera  deceased 
during  the  previous  year,  and  such  notices  shall  be  printed  in  the 
Transactions. 

6.  An  amount  not  less  than  80  per  cent  of  all  Compositions 
received  from  existing  Life-Members  of  the  Association  shall  be 
applied  in  the  purchase  of  National  Stock,  or  such  other  security 
as  the  Council  may  deem  equally  satisfactory,  in  the  names  of 
three  Trustees,  to  be  elected  by  the  Council 

7.  At  each  of  its  Ordinary  Meetings  the  Council  shall  deposit  at 
interest,  in  such  bank  as  they  shall  decide  on,  and  in  the  names  of 
the  General  Treasurer  and  General  Secretary  of  the  Association,  all 
uninvested  Compositions  received  from  existing  Life- Members,  all 
uninvested  prepaid  Annual  Subscriptions,  and  any  part,  or  the 
whole,  of  the  balance  derived  from  other  sources  which  may  be  in 
the  Treasurer's  hands  after  providing  for  all  accounts  passed  for 
payment  at  the  said  Meeting. 

B  2 


12  BYE-LAWS  AND   STANDING   ORDKRS. 

8.  The  General  Secretary,  on  learning  at  any  time  between  the 
Meetings  of  the  Council  that  the  Gren^al  Treasurer  has  a  balance 
in  hand  of  not  less  than  Forty  Pounds  after  paying  all  Accounts 
which  the  Council  have  ordered  to  be  paid,  shall  direct  that  so 
much  of  the  said  balance  as  will  leave  Twenty  Pounds  in  the 
Treasurer's  band  be  deposited  at  Interest  at  the  Torquay  Bank. 

9.  The  General  Secretary  shall  be  authorized  to  spend  any  sum 
not  exceeding  Ten  Pounds  per  annum  in  employing  a  clerk  for 
such  work  as  he  finds  necessary. 

10.  The  Greneral  Secretary  shall,  within  one  month  of  the  close 
of  each  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Association,  send  to  each  Member 
newly  elected  at  the  said  Meeting  a  copy  of  the  following  letter : — 

Devonthire  AssocicUion  for  the  Advancemttit  of  Science,  Littrature, 

and  Art, 
Sib, — I  have  the  pleasure  of  informing  you  that  on  the  of 

July,  ,  you  were  elected  a  Member  of  the  Association  on  the 

nomination  oi 

The  copy  of  the  Transactions  for  the  current  year,  which  will  be  for- 
warded to  you  in  due  course,  will  contain  the  I^ws  of  the  Association. 
Meanwhile  I  b^  to  call  your  attention  to  the  following  statements  : — 

(1)  Every  Member  pays  an  Annual  Contribution  of  Half  a  Guinea, 
or  a  Life  Composition  of  Five  Guineas. 

(2)  The  Annual  Contributions  are  payable  in  advance,  and  are  due 
in  each  year  on  the  day  of  the  Annual  Meeting. 

(3)  Members  who  do  not,  on  or  before  the  day  of  the  Annual 
Meeting,  give  notice  in  writing  or  personally  to  the  General  Secretary 
of  their  intention  to  withdraw  from  the  Association  are  regarded  as 
Members  for  the  ensuing  year. 

The  Treasurer's  Address  is — Edward  Vivian,  Esq.,  Woodfield, 
Torquay. — I  remain.  Sir,  your  faithful  Servant, 

Hon,  Sec, 

11.  The  reading  of  any  Keport  or  Paper  shall  not  exceed  twenty 
minutes,  or  such  part  of  twenty  minutes  as  shall  be  decided  by  the 
Council  as  soon  as  the  Programme  of  Reports  and  Papers  shall 
have  been  settled,  and  in  any  discussion  which  may  arise  no  speaker 
shall  be  allowed  to  speak  more  than  ten  minutes. 

12.  Papers  to  be  read  to  the  Annual  Meetings  of  the  Association 
must  strictly  relate  to  Devonshire,  and,  as  well  as  all  Reports 
intended  to  be  printed  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Association,  and 
prepared  by  Committees  appointed  by  the  Council,  must,  together 
with  all  drawings  intended  to  be  used  in  illustrating  them  in  the 
said  Transactions,  reach  the  General  Secretary's  residence  not  later 
than  the  24th  day  of  June  in  each  year.  The  General  Secretary 
shall,  not  later  than  the  7th  of  the  following  July^  return  to  the 
Authors  all  such  Papers  or  drawings  as  he  may  decide  to  be  unsuit- 


BYE-LAWS  AND   STANDING  ORDERS.  13 

able  to  be  printed  or  to  serve  as  illustrations  in  tbe  said  Transac- 
tions, and  shall  send  the  residue,  together  with  the  said  Eeports  of 
Committees,  to  the  Association's  printers,  who  shall  return  the 
same  so  that  they  may  reach  the  General  Secretary's  residence  not 
later  than  on  the  14th  day  of  the  said  July,  together  with  a  state- 
ment of  the  number  of  pages  each  of  them  would  occupy  if  printed 
in  the  said  Transactions,  as  well  as  an  estimate  of  the  extra  cost  of 
the  printing  of  such  Tables,  of  any  kind,  as  may  form  part  of  any 
of  the  said  Papers  and  Eeports ;  and  the  General  Secretary  shall 
lay  the  whole,  as  well  as  an  estimate  of  the  probable  number  of 
Annual  Members  of  the  Association  for  the  year  commencing  on 
that  day,  before  the  first  Council  Meeting  on  the  first  day  of  the 
next  ensuing  Annual  Meeting,  when  the  Council  shall  select  not  a 
greater  number  of  the  Papers  thus  laid  before  them  than  will,  with 
the  other  documents  to  be  printed .  in  the  said  Transactions,  make 
as  many  sheets  of  printed  matter  as  can  be  paid  for  with  the  sum 
of  60  per  cent,  of  the  subscriptions  for  the  year  of  the  said 
probable  number  of  Annual  Members,  and  any  part  or  the  whole 
of  such  balance,  not  derived  from  Compositions  of  existing  Life 
Members,  or  from  prepaid  Annual  Subscriptions,  as  may  be  lying 
at  interest,  as  well  as  that  which  may  be  iu  the  Treasurer's  hands ; 
this  '  sum '  shall  be  exclusive  of  the  extra  cost  of  tbe  printing  of 
such  aforesaid  Tables,  which  have  been  approved  and  accepted  by 
the  Council,  provided  the  aggregate  of  the  said  extra  cost  do  not 
exceed  6  per  cent,  of  the  said  subscriptions ;  exclusive  also  of  the 
printers'  charge  for  corrections  of  the  press ;  and  also  exclusive  of 
the  cost  of  printing  an  Index,  a  list  of  Errata,  and  such  Eesolu- 
tions  passed  at  the  next  Winter  Meeting  of  the  Council,  as  may  be 
directed  to  be  so  printed  by  the  said  Winter  Meeting;  and  the 
number  of  Papers  selected  by  the  Council  shall  not  be  greater  than 
will,  with  the  Eeports  of  Committees,  make  a  Total  of  40  Eeports 
and  Papers. 

13.  Papers  communicated  by  Members  for  Non-Members,  and 
accepted  by  the  Council,  shall  be  placed  in  the  Programme  below 
those  furnished  by  Members  themselves. 

14.  Papers  which  have  been  accepted  by  the  Council  cannot  be 
withdrawn  without  the  consent  of  the  Council 

15.  The  Council  will  do  their  best  so  to  arrange  Papers  for 
reading  as  to  suit  the  convenience  of  the  authors ;  but  the  place  of 
a  Paper  cannot  be  altered  after  the  Programme  has  been  settled  by 
the  Council 

16.  Papers  which  have  already  been  printed  in  extenso  cannot  be 
accepted  unless  they  form  part  of  the  literature  of  a  question  on 
which  the  Council  has  requested  a  Member  or  Committee  to 
prepare  a  report. 


14  BTS-LAWS  AND  8TANDINO  0BD1B8. 

17.  Every  meeting  of  the  Council  shall  be  convened  by  Circular, 
aent  by  the  Greneral  Secvetaiy  to  each  Member  of  the  Council  not 
lees  than  ten  days  before  the  Meeting  is  held. 

18.  All  Papers  read  to  the  Association  which  the  Council  shall 
decide  to  print  in  extenso  in  the  Transactions,  shall  be  sent  to  the 
printers,  together  with  all  drawings  required  in  illustrating  them, 
on  the  day  next  following  the  close  of  the  Annual  Meeting  at  which 
they  were  read. 

19.  All  Papers  read  to  the  Association  which  the  Council  shall 
decide  not  to  print  in  extenso  in  the  Transactions,  shall  be  returned 
to  the  authors  not  later  than  the  day  next  following  the  close  of 
the  Annual  Meeting  at  which  they  were  read;  and  abstracts  of  such 
Papers  to  be  printed  in  the  Transactions  shall  not  exceed  one- 
fourth  of  the  length  of  the  Paper  itself,  and  must  be  sent  to  the 
General  Secretary  on  or  before  the  seventh  day  after  the  close  of 
the  Annual  Meeting. 

20.  The  Author  of  every  Paper  which  the  Council  at  any  Annual 
Meeting  shall  decide  to  print  in  the  Transactions  shall  be  expected 
to  pay  for  all  such  illustrations  as  in  his  judgment  the  said  Paper 
may  require. 

21.  The  printers  shall  do  their  utmost  to  print  the  Papers  in  the 
Transactions  in  the  order  in  which  they  were  read,  and  shall  return 
every  Manuscript  to  the  author  as  soon  as  it  is  in  type,  hut  not 
before.  They  shall  be  returned  intact^  provided  they  are  written 
on  loose  sheets  and  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only. 

22.  Excepting  mere  verbal  alterations,  no  Paper  which  has  been 
read  to  the  Association  shall  be  added  to  without  the  written 
approval  and  consent  of  the  General  Secretary ;  and  no  additions 
shall  be  made  except  in  the  form  of  notes  or  postscripts, 
or  both. 

23.  In  the  intervals  of  the  Annual  Meetings,  all  Meetings  of 
the  Council  shall  be  held  at  Exeter,  unless  some  other  place  shall 
have  been  decided  on  at  the  previous  Council  Meeting. 

24.  When  the  number  of  copies  on  hand  of  any  *  Part '  of  the 
Transactions  is  reduced  to  twenty,  the  price  per  copy  shall  be 
increased  25  per  cent. ;  and  when  the  number  has  been  reduced  to 
ten  copies,  the  price  shall  be  increased  50  per  cent  on  the  original 
price. 

25.  The  Association's  Printers,  but  no  other  person,  may  reprint 
any  Committee's  Eeport  printed  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Associa- 
tion, for  any  person,  whether  a  Member  of  the  said  Committee,  or 
of  the  Association,  or  neither,  on  receiving,  in  each  case,  a  written 
permission  to  do  so  from  the  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Association, 


BTB-LAWS  AND  STANDING  OBDEBS.  15 

but  not  otherwise;  that  the  said  printer  shall  pay  to  the  said 
Secretary^  for  the  Association,  sixpence  for  every  fifty  Copies  of 
each  half  sheet  of  eight  pages  of  which  the  said  Report  consists ; 
that  any  number  of  copies  less  than  fifty,  or  between  two  exact 
multiples  of  fifty,  shall  be  regarded  as  fifty ;  and  any  number  of 
pages  less  than  eight,  or  between  two  exact  multiples  of  eight, 
shall  be  regarded  as  eight ;  that  each  copy  of  such  Eeprints  shall 
have  on  its  first  page  the  words  **  Eeprinted  from  the  Transactions 
of  the  Devonshire  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 

Literature,  and  Art  for with  the  consent  of  the  Council  of 

the  Association,"  followed  by  the  date  of  the  year  in  which  the 
said  Keport  was  printed  in  the  said  Transactions,  but  that,  with  the 
exception  of  printer's  errors  and  changes  in  the  pagination  which 
may  be  necessary  or  desirable,  the  said  Eeprint  shall  be  in  every 
other  respect  an  exact  copy  of  the  said  Report  as  printed  in  the 
aaid  Transactions  without  addition,  or  abridgment,  or  modification 
of  any  kind. 

26.  The  General  Secretary  shall,  within  one  month  after  each 
Annual  Greneral  Meeting,  inform  the  Hon.  Local  Treasurer  and  the 
Hon.  Local  Secretary,  elected  at  the  said  Meeting,  that,  in  making 
or  sanctioning  arrangements  for  the  next  Annual  General  Meeting, 
it  is  eminently  desirable  that  they  avoid  and  discourage  everything 
calculated  to  diminish  the  attendance  at  the  Greneral  and  Council 
Meetings,  or  to  disturb  the  said  Meetings  in  any  way. 

27.  The  Bye-Laws  and  Standing  Orders  shall  be  printed  after 
the  '  Rules  '  in  the  Transactions. 

28.  All  resolutions  appointing  Committees  for  special  service  for 
the  Association  shall  be  printed  in  the  Transactions  next  before 
the  President's  Address. 

29.  Members  and  Ladies  holding  Ladies'  Tickets  intending  to 
dine  at  the  Association  Dinner  shall  be  requested  to  send  tiieir 
names  to  the  Hon.  Local  Secretary  on  forms  which  shall  be  pro- 
vided ;  no  other  person  shall  be  admitted  to  the  dinner,  and  no 
names  shall  be  received  after  the  Monday  next  before  the  dinner. 

30.  Members  admitted  by  the  General  Secretary  during  the 
interval  between  two  Annual  General  Meetings,  and  who  decide 
when  admitted  to  compound  for  the  Annual  Contributions,  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  the  publications  of  the  Association  during 
the  Association's  year  then  current,  provided  their  compositions  are 
paid  not  later  than  the  last  day  of  January,  but  shall  not  be  thus 
entitled  if  their  compositions  are  paid  between  that  date  and  the 
next  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Association. 


[   16  ] 


t 


ii 


/ 


REPORT  OF  THE  COUNCIL. 

AiprctCHled  to  Ou  Gfn^rai  M<4i\wj,  Torqu/ty,  July  tStk^  ISBS. 


The  Thirty-first  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Association  was  heli 
at  Plymouth,  on  Tuesday,  July  26th,  and  following  day! 
The  proceedings  commenced  with  a  meeting  of  the  Cound 
at  2  p.m.  at  the  Athenaeum,  and  at  half-past  three  there  wa 
a  gathering  in  the  Council  Chamber  of  th»  Guildhall,  wbei 
the  Mayor  (Alderman  F.  W.  Harris)  formally  welcomed  th 
members  of  the  Association,  ilr.  K.  N.  Worth,  the  retirini 
President,  thanked  the  Mayor,  on  behalf  of  the  Assodatioi 
for  his  cordial  welcome.  Refreshments,  which  had  bee 
provided  in  the  Council  Chamber  by  the  Mayor,  were  the: 
partaken  of,  and  immediately  afterwards  the  General  Meetin 
was  held  at  the  Athenaeum. 

In  the  evening,  at  8  p.m.,  Mr.  A.  H.  A.  Hamilton  deliver© 
his  Introductory  Address. 

On  Wednesday,  at  11  a.m.,  the  reading  and  discussion  c 
the  following  Programme  of  Papers  commenced,  and  wa 
continued  imtil  4  p.m.  The  attendance  was  good,  and  th 
discussions  were  well  sustained  throughout. 

Fomteenth  Report  of  the  Barrow  Committee    R.  N,  TKorfA,  F.O.S. 
Eleventh    Report  of  the   Committee   on )  »  r*  o    a 

Devonshire  Folk-Lore        .  .]^'^'^'  '*'^^^' 

Tenth  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Climate    E,  E,  Glyd€,  f.b.  met.  soc. 

Fourth  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Devon-  \  J.  Brooking  Hoic^,  F.8.A-,  F.L. 
shire  Records )  JL  W.  Cotton. 

Herrick  in  Devonshire      .        .        .        ,     F,  H.  Colson,  m.a. 

Notes  on  Roman  Devon    .        .  ,    R  X.  Worth ,  f.g.s. 

On    the   Caoses   affecting   the   Oririn   of»  -,    ,  „       j       ^ ,.  ,  ^ 

Plymouth  .....  }  T^^'^^'^^'if  Saunders,  F.iut;.s. 

,|  Samuel  Hieron— a  Devonshire  Vicar  in  the  )  i.      o  r^   rr      •    «  . 

reiKn  of  Elizabeth  and  James  L  .         .  )  ^r.  5:  G.  Harris,  m.a. 

Some  Sixty  Years'  Reminiscences  of  Ply- )  rwr   c  /-»  »7- 
mouth .\^^'  ^-  ^**^^'^''- 

Thomas  Larkham Mrs,  O.  H.  Rmf/ord. 

Additional     Discoveries    at    the    Castle, )  e-    tx     m        ..«.««., 
Exeter        .  '  J  oir  John  Phfor,  m.a.,  f.o.8.,  J, 


REPORT  OF  THE  COUNCIL.  17 

St  Boniface  in  England    ....     Very Eev.  Canon Br<wnlow,u.A, 

Sir  John  de  Sully,  k.o Winslow  Jovies, 

The  Stone  Rows  of  Dartmoor    .        .        ,    JL  N,  Worth,  F.o.8. 

Materials  for  a  Census  of  Devonian  Granites  |  ^  ^  ^^^^  ^^^ 
and  Felsites )  ' 

A  Chapter  in  Deyonshire  History — County  \  p  v  g  Ameru 
Defence  in  1794-7      .        .        .        .  j     *     *    '     Tncry. 

The  Church  of  All  Sain  to,  East  Budleigh  .     T,  N,  BrushfiM,  M.D. 

Canonsleigh F,  T,  Elworthy. 

On  some  New  or  Rare  Marine  Animals  j 

recently  discovered  on  the  Coast  of  \  W,  Qarstang,  M.A. 
Devonshire ) 

The  Bounds  of  the  Forest  of  Dartmoor      .  A,  B.  Prowae,  m.d.,  f.b.c.8. 

"Dick  of  Devonshire"      ....  Bev.  J).  P.  Al/ord,  m.a. 

The  Froudes  or  Frowdes  of  Devon     .        .  Bev.C.E.Hooppell,u.A.,LL.r>.,D.c.u 

Ellis  Veryard,  of  Plymtree        .        .        .  Mrs,  Frances  B,  Troup, 

Recent  Additions  to  our  Knowledge  of  the  \ 

Natural  History  of  some  Devonshire  |  J,  T,  Cunningham,  m.a. 
Sea  Fishes        * / 

^  ^She^  Ul""  ""^  ^'^""^  ^^^^;°«"f  ^y-  }  Bev,  J,  IngU  Dredge, 

In  the  evening,  at  7  p.m.,  the  Annual  Dinner  was  held 
at  Matthews's  Eestaurant,  Bedford  Street.  The  President 
occupied  the  chair,  and  there  was  a  good  attendanca 

On  Thursday,  at  10  a.m.,  the  reading  and  discussion  of 
papers  was  resumed,  and  continued  until  shortly  after  3  p.m., 
when  the  concluding  General  Meeting  was  held,  followed  by 
'  the  final  meeting  of  the  Council. 

By  the  kind  invitation  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Alger  and  Mrs.  Alger, 
members  and  associates  subsequently  attended  a  garden  party 
at  the  Manor  House,  Stoke.  The  company,  numbering  about 
200  persons,  assembled  at  Mr.  Alger's  residence  about  four 
o'clock,  and  spent  a  very  pleasant  time  in  the  house  and 
grounds  until  about  half-past  six.  They  were  received  by 
Mrs.  Alger.  Excellent  refreshments  were  provided  in  the 
library  and  dining-room,  while  opportunities  of  amusement 
were  offered  in  the  shape  of  a  jungle  rifle-target,  tennis, 
croquet,  bowls,  &c.  The  band  of  the  Bedfordshire  Eegiment 
played  a  very  nice  selection  of  music.  The  afternoon  being 
fine,  the  party  was  much  appreciated  by  the  visitors. 

In  the  evening  the  members  of  the  Association  and  their 
friends  paid  a  visit  to  the  Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  by 
the  invitation  of  the  director,  Mr.  W.  L  Calderwood,  and 
members  of  the  stafll  The  many  interesting  objects  contained 
in  the  Laboratory  were  examined,  Mr.  Calderwood,  Mr. 
Cunningham,  and  Mr.  Garstang  giving  explanations  and 
information  whenever  desired.     There  was  a  display  of  nets 


18  RBPOBT  OF  THE  COUHCIL. 

and  fishing  gear,  and  a  good  deal  of  interest  was  shewn  in 
the  specimens  of  local  marine  fauna,  as  well  as  the  other 
objects  contained  in  the  Laboratory.  Befreshments  were 
provided  bj^  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Calderwood,  whose  efforts  to  make 
the  visit  a  pleasant  one  were  successful  in  every  way. 

Friday,  as  usual,  was  devoted  to  excursions.  The  weather 
being  beautifully  fine,  these  excursions  proved  successful  in 
the  highest  degree,  thanks  also  to  the  excellent  arrangements 
made  by  the  local  committee.  At  11  a.m.  a  large  number 
of  members  of  the  Association  went  on  board  the  steamer 
Princess  Royal  at  the  West  Hoe  Pier,  and  after  running  out 
to  the  western  side  of  the  harbour,  steamed  across,  outside 
the  breakwater,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yealm.  Ascending  the 
river  some  little  distance,  a  capital  luncheon,  provided  by 
the  local  committee,  was  partaken  of  on  board,  after  which 
the  party  returned  to  Plymouth.  The  sea  being  smooth  the 
trip  was  much  enjoyed. 

At  3  p.m.  another  excursion  started  firom  West  Hoe  Pier 
to  go  up  the  Tamar  to  Cothele  House,  which  the  members  of 
the  Association  had  been  invited  by  the  Earl  of  Mount 
Edgcumbe  to  visit,  the  steamer  Princess  Royal  being  again 
chartered  for  the  occasion.  A  large  company  joined  the  trip. 
The  tide  being  out,  progress  up  the  river  was  somewhat 
slow,  but  the  time  passed  pleasantly,  the  scenery  being  much 
admired.  Having  reached  Cothele  Pier  and  disembarked,  the 
party  walked  up  to  Cothele  House,  where  tea  was  provided 
in  the  courtyard  of  the  ancient  mansion.  The  Earl  of  Mount 
Edgcumbe  had  intended  to  receive  the  party,  but  in  con- 
sequence of  the  volunteer  encampment  commencing  on  that 
day  he  was  reluctantly  compelled  to  be  away.  Mr.  Worth 
kindly  undertook  to  explain  the  history  of  the  Edgcumbe 
family  and  their  connection  with  Cothele  House,  and  drew 
attention  to  the  various  objects  of  antiquity  and  historical 
interest  which  hung  on  the  walls  of  the  large  hall.  After- 
wards the  company  inspected  the  various  rooms  of  the  house 
in  parties  of  twenty  at  a  time,  great  interest  being  shewn  in 
the  handsome  oak  furniture,  the  beautiful  tapestry,  and  the 
general  anangement  of  the  mediaeval  apartments.  It  was 
also  pleasant  wandering  about  the  gardens,  from  which  some 
beautiful  views  were  obtained.  Starting  back  at  eight 
o'clock  the  party  made  the  return  journey  in  the  shades  of 
the  evening,  reaching  Plymouth  about  half-past  nine,  well 
pleased  with  their  day's  outing,  and  regretting  that  the 
second  Plymouth  meeting  of  the  Association  haid  come  to 
its  conclusion. 


KEPOKT  OF  THE  COUNCIL.  19 

It  having  been  decided  that  the  next  Annual  Meeting 
shoold  be  held  at  Torquay,  the  following  were  elected  officers 
for  the  occasion : 

President:  T.  N.  Brushfield,  Esq.,  m.d.  Vice-Presidents: 
The  Worshipful  the  Mayor  of  Torquay,  W.  F.  Splatt,  Esq. ; 
CoL  K  Appleton,  c.e.  ;  Col.  Bainbridge ;  L.  B.  Bowring,  Esq,, 
C.S.L,  J.P. ;  The  Very  Eev.  Canon  Brownlow,  m.a.  ;  Eev.  E.  P. 
Gregg,  M.A, ;  A.  H.  A.  Hamilton,  Esq.,  J.P.,  c.C. ;  Sampson 
Hanbury,  Esq.,  J.P.,  CO. ;  Briscoe  Hooper,  Esq. ;  Sir  Edmund 
Hornby,  J.P. ;  A.  R  Hunt,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.G.S.,  F.L.8.;  P.  Q. 
Elarkeek,  Esq.,  M.R.C.S.;  J.  Kitson,  Esq.;  R  Mallock,  Esq.,  M.P. ; 
K  A.  Musgrave,  Esq. ;  Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Symonds ;  T. 
Viccars,  Esq.  Hon.  Local  Treasurer :  Samuel  Johnson,  Esq., 
Torquay  Baiik,  Torquay.  Hon.  Secretary :  Eev.  W.  Harpley, 
M.A.,  F.C.P.S.,  Clayhanger,  Tiverton.  Hon.  Local  Secretary: 
Fred.  S.  Hex,  Esq.,  1,  Lansdowne  Villas,  Vansittart  Road, 
Torquay. 

The  Council  have  published  the  President's  Address, 
together  with  Obituary  Notices  of  members  deceased  during 
the  preceding  year,  and  the  Reports  and  Papers  read  before 
the  Association;  also  the  Treasurer's  Report,  a  List  of 
Members,  and  the  Bules,  Standing  Orders,  and  Bye-Laws ; 
they  have  since  added  an  Index,  kindly  prepared  by  Mr.  P. 
0.  Hutchinson,  and  a  Table  of  Corrections. 

A  copy  of  the  Transactions  and  Index  has  been  sent  to 
each  member,  and  to  the  following  Societies:  The  Boyal 
Society,  linnaean  Society,  Geological  Society,  Anthropological 
Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Boyal  Institution 
(Albemarle  Street),  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Devon  and 
Exeter  Institution  (Exeter),  Plymouth  Institution,  Torquay 
Natural  History  Society,  North  Devon  Athenseum  (Barn- 
staple), Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall  (Truro),  the  Library  of 
the  British  Museum,  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History, 
Cromwell  Road),  the  Bodleian  Library  (Oxford),  and  the 
University  Library  (Cambridge). 

The  Council  desire  to  express  their  gratification  at  the 
termination  of  the  labours  of  the  Domesday  Committee. 
The  work  which  the  Committee  was  appointed  to  do  has 
been  done,  and  has  resulted  in  the  publication  of  two  thick 
octavo  volumes.  The  cost  of  printing  has  been  great,  and 
for  several  years  has  caused  a  great  strain  upon  the  finances 
of  the  Association.  This  strain  is  now  removed,  and  the 
Council  confidently  trust  that  the  adverse  balance  which 
the  Treasurer's  Report  has  for  some  time  exhibited  will 
soon  disappear. 


[  20  ] 


Treaswrei's  Report  of  Receipts  and  Expenditun 


Beceipta. 

Arrean  of  ContribntioiiB  for  1890-91 

Arrean  of  ContribatioiiB  for  1891-92 

AnDiud  Contribations  for  1892-98 

Prepaid  Annual  ContxibntionB  for  1893-94 

life  Gompodtiona 

Ladies'  Tickets 

Sale  of  "  Transactions"— 

2  copies  for  1863  . 

2      ditto      1864   . 

2     ditto      1865  . 

1  co{)y  for  1866  . 

2  copies  for  1867  . 
1  copy  for  1868  . 
1      ditto      1886  . 

1  ditto      1887  . 

2  copies  for  1888  . 
8      ditto      1889  . 

1  copy  for  1890  . 

2  copies  for  1891   . 


ff 


Sale  of  ''Devonshire  Domesday 
5  copies  of  Part        L 

5  ditto    Part      II. 

6  ditto  Part  IIL 
6  ditto  Part  IV. 
6  ditto  Part  V. 
6  ditto  Part  VL 
4  ditto  Part  VII. 
4  ditto  PartVIIL 
2     ditto    Part     IX. 


1  Index  to  VoL  of  **  Transactions  *'  for  1885 

1  ditto  ditto  1886 

1  ditto  ditto  1887 

1  ditto  ditto  1888 

1  ditto  ditto  1889 
4  ditto  ditto  1890 

2  ditto  ditto  1891 
1  ditto  ditto  1892 

Dividends  on  Consols  to  Jolv  25th,  1893  (net) 
Amount  paid  by  Dr.  Broshneld  for  excess  of  sheets 

his  "paper*' 
Balance  due  to  Treasurer 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 
0 


£    t,   ii 

1    1 

14  14 

157  10 

9  9 
21     0 

1     0 


0  4 
0  6 
0  5 
0  3 
0  12 
0  6  6 
0  8  0 
0  10 

0  12 

1  2 
0  5 
0  12 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
6 
0 
0 


0  10 

1  0 
1  4 
0  7 
0  7 
0  12  6 
0  10  0 
0  10  0 
0    5    0 


0 
0 
0 
6 
6 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
0 
0 
6 


occupied  by 


5    6    < 


8    0  1( 

15  15    < 

50    2     i 


Annual  Contributions  unpaid,  due  July  28th,  1891  . 
Ditto  ditto  July  26th,  1892  . 


£289  10     i 

.       7     7     ( 
.     25  14     ( 


I  have  examined  the  foregoing  Accounts  with  the  Vouchers^  and  found  them 

correct. 


{Signed) 


EDWARD  APPLETON,  Auditor. 


[  21   ] 


during  the  year  ending  25/A  J%dy,  1893. 


(CjcpenHttare. 

Baltnce  due  to  Treasurer 

Brendon  and  Sod,  Printinfi^^'TraQsactioDS,''  yd.  xxiy 

1892 
Ditto  Index  to  vol.  xxiii. ,  1891 

Ditto  "  Devonshire  Domesday,"  Part  IX 

Ditto  Cards,  Circulars,  kc 

Ditto  Postage  and  Carriage  of  Parcels 

Ditto  Stationery 

Gregory  and  Tozer  for  Treasurer's  Receipt  Forms 
Hon.  General  Treasurer,  Petty  Expenses    . 
Hoc  General  Secretary,  Pettv  Expenses    . 
Hon.  General  Secretary's  Assistant 
Hire  of  Boom  for  Winter  Meeting  of  Council 
Interest  on  Temporary  Loan 


£    s.   d. 
88    4    2 


154    0  0 

2  17  6 

50  17  0 

7    5  6 

19    0  0 

0    4  6 


;£289  10    8 


{Signed) 


W.  HARPLET,  Hon.  General  Ssoretabt. 


[    22   ] 


STATEMENT  OP  THE  PROPERTY  OF  THE  ASSOCIATION. 
July  tsth,  18BS. 


«      ..  A      j 

Puoded  rru[>erty,  CouhoIh 

.  300    0    0 

Ancara  of  Annilal  C'DQCribntioDa  (valuod  at} 

.     10    0    0 

"TraQBiictionB"  m  Stock.  1803  ...  70  copia 

at  &.  Od,  .       7    0    0      1 

1864  ...  B8 

3s.  Od 

.     12  18     0 

1865  ...  81 

2s.  Bd 

.     10    2    6 

1868  ...  81 

3s.  Od 

9     3     0 

1887  ...  Bl 

8b.  Od 

.     18    6    0 

1888  ...  30 

8s.  ed 

.      11   14     0 

1870  ...  18 

6a.  Od 

.       6    8    0 

isri  ...  n 

8s.  Cd 

6  12    0 

1873  ...  2B 

8b.  Od 

.  ■    7  10    0 

187*  ...  32 

8b.  ed 

.     13  12    0 

1876  ...  12 

lOs.  Od 

.800 

1878  ...  16 

16b.  Od 

.     11     6    0 

1877  ...  18 

9b.  8d 

.       8  11     0 

1878  ...     t 

12a.  Od 

.        2     8     0 

1879  ...  23 

7s.  Od 

8    1     0 

1880  .„  23 

12s.  6d 

.     14     7    6 

1881  ...  30 

ti,s.  Od 

9    0    0 

1S82  ...  60         ., 

IOb.  Od 

.     25    0    0 

1888  ...  66 

8s.  Od 

.     2^    0    0 

1884  ...  69 

12s.  Od 

.   41   a  0 

1S86  ...  7i 

8b.  Od 

.     29  12     0 

1888  ...  87 

Sb.  Od 

.     84   18     0 

1887  ...  68 

lOs.  Od 

.      28     0     0 

1888  ...  48 

Ss.  Dd 

.     14     8    0 

1889  .„   49 

7s.  ed 

.     18    7    6 

,.                    „            1890  ...  68 

6b.  Dd 

.     14    0    0 

1891  ...  98 

6b.  Od 

.     29     8     0 

1892  ...  68 

86L0d 

.     23    4    0 

Index  to  do.  (extra  copiei),  1884  ...  48 

0B.6d 

.14    0 

188S  ...  47 

Os.  8d 

.18    8 

1888  ..    48 

Ob.  6d 

.18    0 

1887  ...  47 

Os.  Bd 

13    8 

1888  ...  47 

Os.  6d 

1     3    6 

„                  „           188B  „.  47 

Os.  6d 

1     3    6 

1890  ...  45 

Os.  8d 

1    2    8 

1891  „,  iS 

Os.  8d 

.       1     4    0 

1892   ...   49 

Os.  6d 

.        1      4     6 

"DevoiialiiwDomosdaj-,"Part      I.,  143 

23.  Od 

.     14     B    0 

Part     II.,  181 

4a.  Od 

.     32    4    0 

Part   in,,  174 

4a.  Od 

.     34  16     0 

Part   IV.,  146 

Is.  6d 

.     10  17    6 

Pan     v.,  145 

Is.  6d 

.     10  17    6 

Part    VI.,  143 

2s.  6d 

.    17  17    6 

Part  VII.,  152 

2s.  6d 

.      19     0     0 

PifnviiL,i9a 

2b.  6d 

.      £4  10     0 

Part  IX.,   168 

2b.  ed 

.      19  10     0 

(Si?W)        W.  IJARPLEY,  m«.  S-rr^'tr,,. 

£946  ii     0 

When  Uie  number  of  OTpies  o.i  li'.,,.!  nl  iiii 

'Part '"lit 

the  TntiiEutlioiis 

II  reduced  to  twenty,  tha  price  jwr  copy  shall  be  iDcreasad 

2fi  pet  cent,    and 

when  the  nnmbor  iiua  been  Toduit J  to  ten  copies 

tbfl  price 

60  per  cant  on  the  orieinal  pTk-6."~.'ili.iiiJiii</  Order,  Aij.  24. 

The     Tranuirtions     in  stock  nre  insured  Bgainat  Sre  in  the  ram  of  £400. 
Tht  <rola.  pablitbed  in  1882, 188B,  and  1872  aie  out  of  print 


[   23   ] 


SELECTED   MINUTES   OF  COUNCIL,  APPOINTING 

COMMITTEES. 

Passed  at  the  Meeting  at  Torquay. 
JULT,   1893. 


10.  That  Rev.  Professor  Chapman,  Rev.  W.  Harpley,  Sir  J.  B. 
Phear,  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe,  Mr.  A.  H.  A.  Hamilton,  and  Mr. 
R  N.  Worth  be  a  Committee  for  the  purpose  of  considering  at 
what  place  the  Association  shall  hold  its  Meeting  in  1895,  who 
shall  be  invited  to  be  the  Officers  during  the  year  beginning  with 
that  Meeting,  and  who  shall  be  invited  to  fill  any  official  vacancy 
or  vacancies  which  may  occur  before  the  Annual  Meeting  in  1894 ; 
that  Mr.  Harpley  be  the  Secretary ;  and  that  they  be  requested 
to  report  to  the  next  Winter  Meeting  of  the  Council,  and,  if 
necessary,  to  the  first  Meeting  of  the  Council  to  be  held  in 
July,  1894. 

11.  That  Mr.  J.  S.  Amery,  Mr.  F.  Brent,  Rev.  W.  Harpley, 
Dr.  Brushfield,  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe,  and  Mr.  R.  N.  Worth  be  a 
Committee  for  the  purpose  of  noting  the  discovery  or  occurrence 
of  such  Facts  in  any  department  of  scientific  inquiry,  and  con- 
nected with  Devonshire,  as  it  may  be  desirable  to  place  on 
permanent  record^  but  which  may  not  be  of  sufficient  importance 
in  themselves  to  form  the  subjects  of  separate  papers ;  and  that 
Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe  be  the  Secretary. 

12.  That  Mr.  P.  F.  S.  Amery,  Mr.  D.  0.  Evans,  Rev.  W. 
Harpley,  Mr.  P.  Q.  Karkeek,  Mrs.  Radford,  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe, 
Mr&  Troup,  and  Mr.  H.  B.  Woodhouse,  be  a  Committee  for  the 
purpose  of  collecting  notes  on  Devonshire  Folk-Lore ;  and  that 
Mr.  P.  F.  S.  Amery  be  the  Secretary. 

13.  That  Dr.  Brushfield,  Lord  CliflPord,  Mr.  A.  H.  A.  Hamilton, 
Mr.  G.  Pycroft,  Mr.  J.  Shelly,  and  Mr.  R  N.  Worth  be  a  Com- 
mittee to  prepare  a  Report  on  the  Public  and  Private  Collections 
of  Works  of  Art  in  Devonshire;  and  that  Mr.  J.  Shelly  be  the 
Secretary. 


24  RESOLDTIONS  APPOINTING  COMMITTEES. 

14.  That  Mr.  J.  S.  Amery,  Dr.  Brushfield,  Mr.  F.  T.  El  worthy, 
Mr.  F.  H.  Firth,  Mr.  P.  O.  Hutchinson,  Mr.  P.  Q.  Karkeek, 
Dr.  W.  C.  Lake,  and  Mrs.  Troup  be  a  Committee  for  the  purpose 
of  noting  and  recording  the  existing  use  of  any  Verbal  Pro- 
vincialisms in  Devonshire,  in  either  written  or  spoken  language; 
and  that  Mr.  F.  T.  Elworthy  be  the  Secretary. 

15.  That  Mr.  J.  S.  Amery,  Rev.  W.  Harpley,  Mr.  P.  O. 
Hutchinson,  Sir  John  B.  Phear,  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe,  and 
Mr.  R.  N.  Worth  be  a  Committee  for  editing  and  annotating  such 
parts  of  Domesday  Book  as  relate  to  Devonshire  ;  and  that  Mr.  J. 
Brooking  Rowe  be  the  Secretary. 

16.  That  Mr.  P.  F.  S.  Amery,  Dr.  Brushfield,  Mr.  P.  O. 
Hutchinson,  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe,  and  Mr.  R.  N.  Worth  be  a 
Committee  to  collect  and  record  &cts  relating  to  Barrows  in 
Devonshire,  and  to  take  steps,  where  possible,  for  their  investiga- 
tion ;  and  that  Mr.  R  N.  Worth  be  the  Secretary. 

17.  That  Mr.  F.  H.  Firth,  Rev.  W.  Harpley,  Mr.  E.  A- 
Shapland,  and  Mr.  R.  C.  Tucker  be  a  Committee  for  the  purpose 
of  making  the  arrangements  for  the  Association  dinner  at  South 
Molton  in  1894,  and  that  Mr.  R  C.  Tucker  be  the  Secretary. 

18.  That  Mr.  James  Hamlyn,  Mr.  A.  Chandler,  and  Mr.  P.  F. 
S.  Amery  be  a  Committee  to  collect  and  tabulate  trustworthy  and 
comparable  observations  on  the  climate  of  Devon ;  and  that  Mr. 
P.  F.  S.  Amery  be  the  Secretary. 

19.  That  the  Right  Rev.  Monsignor  Brownlow,  Dr.  Brushfield, 
Mr.  J.  R  Chanter,  Mr.  R  W.  Cotton,  The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of 
Exeter,  Rev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge,  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe,  Mr.  E. 
Windeatt,  and  Mr.  R.  N.  Worth  be  a  Committee  for  the  purpose  of 
investigating  and  reporting  on  any  collections  of  Manuscripts, 
Records,  or  Ancient  Documents  existing  in,  or  relating  to,  Devon- 
shire, with  the  nature  of  their  contents,  their  locality,  and  whether 
in  public  or  private  hands ;  and  that  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe  and 
Mr.  R  W.  Cotton  be  the  Secretaries. 


PRESIDENrS   ADDRESS. 


When  I  acceded  to  the  wish  of  the  Council  to  become  the 
President  of  this  Association  for  the  present  year,  I  naturally 
turned  to  the  examination  of  the  subject-matter  of  those 
Addresses  delivered  by  the  former  occupants  of  this  Chair, 
especially  with  a  view  to  the  selection  of  some  topic  relating 
to  this  county.  Ascertaining  that  Devonshire  literature  had 
not  formed  the  theme  of  any,  I  have  selected  it  on  the 
present  occasion,,  especially  as  I  may  declare  myself,  with  a 
slight  alteration  of  a  well-known  Horatian  phrase — 

"  Laudator  biblioram  actonxm." 

If  an  apology  for  such  a  selection  were  needed,  Carlyle  has 
more  than  amply  supplied  it.  "  In  books,"  he  remarks,  "  lies 
the  soul  of  the  whole  Past  Time ;  the  articulate  audible  voice 
of  the  Past,  when  the  body  and  material  substance  of  it  has 
altogether  vanished  like  a  dream.  .  .  .  All  that  mankind  has 
done,  thought,  gained,  or  been ;  it  is  lying  in  magic  preserva- 
tion in  the  pages  of  Books.  They  are  the  chosen  possession 
of  men." 

As  a  reverential  lover  of  books — and  surely  no  man  has  a 
right  to  describe  them  unless  he  be  such  a  lover — I  may 
exclaim  with  Chaucer — 

"  Books  in  mine  herte  have  hem  in  reverence 
So  hertely,  that  there  is  game  none, 
That  fro  my  bookes  maketh  me  to  gone." 

In  attempting  to  give  some  account  of  Devonshire  Works 
and  their  Authors,  I  do  not  purpose  to  pass  beyond  the  year 
1640,  when  the  meeting  of  the  Long  Parliament  became  "a 
definite  and  distinct  turning-point  in  our  printed  literature  " 
(Arber) ;  and  the  exigencies  of  an  Address  of  this  kind  will 
not  enable  me  to  give  more  than  a  faint  and  somewhat 
blurred  outline.  My  aim  will  be  to  point  out  in  what 
directions  English  literature  generally,  as  well  as  locally,  has 
been  aided  by  the  labours  of  Devonshire  men  and  of  Devon- 

VOL.  XXV.  c 


26  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

shire  residents  ;  at  the  same  time  to  draw  attention  to  some 
of  the  more  notable  works  and  institutions,  that  stand  out 
prominently  above  their  fellows.  In  so  doing,  I  hope  the 
time  spent  will  not  be  deemed  altogether  profitless;  more 
particularly  I  trust  I  may  not  be  accused  of  misdirected 
energy,  and  so  fall  under  the  definition  included  in  the 
scathing  lines  of  J.  R  Lowell,  as — 

*' A  reading  machine,  ever  wound  up  and  going, 
He  mastered  whatever  was  not  worth  the  knowing.'' 

As  a  matter  of  convenience  we  may  divide  our  subject 
into  periods,  differing  much  in  duration,  being  for  the  most 
part  marked  by  some  prominent  historical  event,  rather  than 
by  any  order  of  time.* 

First  Period,  -1087. 

Our  first  period  extends  from  the  earliest  times  to  the 
death  of  William  I.  in  1087. 

The  earliest  literary  man  to  notice  belonging  to  this 
county,  of  whom  we  have  any  cognizance,  is  Winfrid  or 
WiNFRiTH  (680-755),  a  native  of  Crediton,  more  widely 
known  as  St  Boniface,  **  the  apostle  of  Germany  " ;  born  in 
the  year  when  Ctedmon,  the  Anglo-Saxon  poet,  is  reported  to 
have  died.  Up  to  this  time,  learning  and  learned  men  had 
been  more  especially  identified  with  the  north  and  north-east 
of  England,  and  with  Ireland.  Wilfred,  Benedict  Biscop, 
Csedmon,  Ceolford,  Bede,  were  Northumbrians.  The  life  of 
St.  Boniface  was  one  of  too  much  activity  to  afford  him 
much  leisure  for  literary  work.  In  addition  to  a  set  of 
ecclesiastical  statutes,  some  sermons,  and  minor  religious 
works,  he  wrote  a  Latin  poem  termed  uEnigmata  de  Virtutibus, 
addressed  to  his  sister.  This  entitles  him  to  be  considered 
as  the  earliest  Devonshire  poet  of  whom  we  possess  any 
record.  He  is,  however,  best  known  for  his  Hpistolcc,  the 
correspondence  between  himself  and  his  friends,  during  the 
period  of  his  missionary  work  in  Germany,  718-755 — the 
earliest  collection  of  letters  of  an  Englishman  that  we 
possess.  In  the  opinion  of  Green,  the  historian  (i  4),  "the 
letters  of  Boniface  and  Alcwine  .  .  .  form  the  most  valuable 
contemporary  materials,"  for  the  history  of  England  of  the 
period  in  which  they  were  written.  Social  and  general  and 
personal  history,  the  trials  and  labours  of  his  missionary 
work,  all  find  a  place  in  them.  His  literary  character 
displays  itself  in  his  fondness  for  books,  his  friends  being 

♦  In  Appendix  A  will  be  found  a  list  of  the  authorities  cited.  The 
references  m  figures  are  to  notes  in  that  appendix. 


DR.  brushfield's  presidentul  address.  27 

frequently  urged  to  send  him  some,  of  which  he  records  the 
titles,  &c.,  the  works  of  Bede  being  mentioned  several  times. 
€.g.  In  a  letter  to  Abbot  Cuthbert  he  writes,  "Interea  rogamus, 
ut  aliqua  de  opusculis  sagacissimi  investigatoris  scripturarum 
Bedan  monachi."  (Epistle  xxxvii)  These  letters  "seem  to 
have  been  the  delight  of  our  forefathers  during  the  ninth 
century,  and  .  .  .  deserve  to  be  better  known  than  they  are, 
even  at  the  present  day."  (T.  Wright,  i.  48.)  It  is  a  matter 
of  r^ret  that  an  annotated  translation  into  English  has 
never  been  made.  To  the  Eev.  Dr.  Giles  we  owe  a  collected 
edition  of  his  works  in  1844,  forming  two  volumes  of  the 
Patres  Ucclesice  Anglicance} 

To  St.  Willibald  (700-785),  also  born  at  Crediton,  is 
usually  attributed  the  memoir  of  his  uncle  St.  Boniface,  De 
Vita  vel  Passione  BecUissimi  Martyris  Bonifacii  Aiictore 
Willibaldo  ;  but  Dr.  Giles  {Op.  dt.  ii.  8,  where,  in  the  heading 
of  the  memoir,  the  author's  name  appears  as  "Willibaldus 
Presbyter")  affirms  it  was  " not  the  celebrated  bishop  of  that 
name,  as  was  long  supposed,  but  another  Willibald,  of  less 
merit  and  pretensions,"  and  Heinschenius,  in  his  Acta 
Sanctorum^  makes  a  similar  assertion.  (T.  Wright,  i.  344-5.) 
Be  that,  however,  as  it  may,  it  is  the  earliest  known  biography 
of  a  Devon  worthy.  The  Itinerary  of  St.  Willibald  (721- 
727),  "written  from  his  own  recital  by  a  nun  of  Heidenheim," 
is  one  of  the  earliest  recorded  travels  in  the  Holy  Land. 
(Printed  at  length  in  T.  Wright's  Early  Travels  in  Palestine^ 
1848,  13-22.)  The  convent  of  Heidenheim  had  for  its 
abbess  St  Walburga,  the  sister  of  St.  Willibald,  and  as  the 
nun  who  acted  as  his  amanuensis  is  known  to  have  been  his 
kinswoman,  she  was  probably  his  own  sister,  and  the  author 
also  of  the  life  of  St.  Wuuebald,  the  brother  of  St.  Willibald.^ 

St.  Burchard  (-754),  said  to  be  a  Devonian  by  Prince, 
was  associated  with  St.  Boniface  in  his  missionary  work,  and 
died  one  year  before  him.  His  claim  to  our  notice  rests  on 
some  sermons  still  preserved  at  Wurzburg  (where  he  was  the 
first  bishop),  portions  of  which  have  been  printed  in 
Germany. 

Alfredus  or  Alfricus  (-981?),  abbot  of  Malmesbury, 
was  consecrated  bishop  of  Crediton,  circ,  977.  Godwin  (320), 
on  the  authority  of  Hooker,  affirms  he  wrote  two  books,  the 
history  of  his  abbey  (J)e  rebus  ccenobii  sui),  and  a  scientific 
treatise  (Be  rerum  naiuris),  neither  of  which  are  now 
known.^ 

Lyfino  or  LiviNGUS  (-1047),  next  but  one  in  succession 
to  Alfredus  as  Bishop  of  Crediton  (1032-1047),  was  previously 

c  2 


28  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

Abbot  of  Tavistock.  This  "eloquent  bishop,"  as  he*  is  termed 
in  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle^  accompanied  Canute  to  Borne, 
and  is  stated  by  Prince  (567)  to  have  written  Camutus's 
Pilyrimage  and  his  own  doings,  of  which  we  know  nothing 
but  the  title.* 

The  successor  to  Lyfing  in  the  See  was  Bishop  Leofric 
(-1072),  whose  birthplace  is  unknown.  He  removed  the 
seat  of  the  diocese  from  the  open  village  of  Crediton  to 
the  walled  town  of  Exeter,  of  which  he  was  the  first  bishop. 
Although  in  many  ways  a  man  of  mark,  he  was  not  an  author ; 
but  as  a  lover  and  a  collector  of  books,  the  possessor  of 
what  was  then  regarded  as  a  large  private  library,  at  a  period 
when  books  were  expensive  luxuries,  he  demands  our  atten- 
tion. His  name,  and  his  great  love  of  Saxon  works,  point 
out  his  Saxon  origin,  although  by  some  authors  he  is  thought 
to  have  been  a  Breton.  He  gave,  amongst  other  presents  to 
the  cathedral,  between  sixty  and  seventy  volumes,  some  for 
the  daily  services,  others  for  the  cathedral  library.  "  These 
church  books  were  evidently  in  Anglo-Saxon,  because  he 
contrasts  them  with  the  subsequent  list  of  books  in  Latin." 
(T.  Wright,  Joum,  Brit  Arch.  Assoc,  xviii.  222.)  The  list 
of  works  is  recorded  in  his  will,  and  is  of  especial  interest 
to  Devonians,  for  beiug  "  the  earliest  catalogue  of  an  English 
library  now  known  to  exist"  {Ibid,  224.)^  Of  all  the  works 
therein  enumerated,  only  one  is  preserved  in  the  present 
library,  but  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  Anglo-Saxon  MSS. 
in  England.  It  is  entitled,  Ofie  great  English  hook  on  various 
subjects  composed  in  verse,  and,  as  the  Codex  Exoniensis,  was 
published,  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  in  1842,  under  the 
editorship  of  B.  Thorpe.  This  is  rendered  of  especial 
value  to  philological  students  by  having  in  parallel  columns 
the  original  text  and  an  English  translation.^  The  MS.  is 
of  small  folio  size,  with  vellum  leaves,  wanting  a  few  at  the 
beginning  and  end  of  the  work,  and,  excepting  towards  the 
latter,  in  fair  condition  of  preservation.  The  writing  is  in 
large  characters,  and  believed  to  be  of  the  tenth  century. 
The  contents  are  of  a  miscellaneous  kind,  relating  chiefly  to 
moral  and  religious  subjects,  drawn  from  various  sources, 
and  vary  much  in  interest  and  value.  The  poems  are  nearly 
fifty  in  number,  many  of  them  fragmentary.  With  one 
exception,  they  exhibit  the  main  characteristics  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  poetry ;  that  is,  they  consist  of  short  rhymeless  lines, 
written  like  prose  (the  line-lengths  being  marked  by  points), 
and  having  a  regular  alliteration  so  arranged,  that  in  every 
couplet  the  first  line  contains  two  words,  and  the  second  one, 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD*S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  29 

commencing  with  the  same  letter.    Here  is  an  example  from 
"The  Exile's  Complaint,"  in  the  Codex  (443). 

**  rindon  dena  dimme  "  dim  are  the  dells 

duna  up— hea."  the  downs  high." 

The  exception  alluded  to  is  termed  by  Thorpe  the  *'  Biming 
Poem/'  from  the  lines  terminating  in  proper  rhymes,  but  the 
alliteration  is  unchanged.^  The  longest,  and  the  only  poem 
whose  author  is  known,  is  "the  legend  of  St.  Guthlac";  a 
metrical  paraphrase  of  the  life  of  that  saint  by  Felix,  a 
monk  of  Croyland  Abbey.  The  volume  contains  a  curious 
collection  of  riddles,  a  form  of  amusement  to  which  our 
Anglo-Saxon  forefathers  appear  to  have  been  very  partial. 
Probably  the  gleeman,  as  a  foil  to,  and  after  the  recital  of, 
more  serious  pieces,  wound  up  the  evening's  amusement  by 
propounding  one  or  more  of  these  riddles.^  We  can  readily 
believe  that  some  of  the  compositions  were  by  Devonians, 
belonging  to  some  religious  house,  such  as  the  one  at  Tavi- 
stock. The  probability  of  this  is  increased  by  the  circum- 
stance that  the  Leofric  Missal,  one  of  the  volumes  given  by 
Leofric  to  his  cathedral,  used  there  during  his  episcopate,  and 
now  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  belonged  originally 
to  Tavistock  Abbey,  of  which  his  predecessor  Lyfing  had 
been  abbot 

A  fitting  conclusion  to  this  notice  of  our  first  period  may 
be  made,  in  a  brief  allusion  to  the  Great  Survey  of  the 
country,  ordered  to  be  carried  out  by  William  I.  within  a 
short  period  of  his  death,  and  recorded  in  the  well-known 
Ihnu&iay  Book  of  the  Exchequer,  It  contains  a  complete 
territorial  record  of  this  country.  Of  even  greater  interest 
to  us,  is  the  supplementary  volume  known  as  The  Exeter 
Domesday  (which  has  remained  in  the  custody  of  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  Exeter  for  800  years),  as  it  possesses  the 
marked  advantage  of  fuller  details  than  the  original  work. 
It  would  be  simply  impertinent  to  expatiate  upon  its  im- 
portance.® 

Second  Period,  1088-1300. 

Our  second  period  carries  us  on  to  the  end  of  the  13th 
century,  during  which  many  works  on  religious  subjects  are 
recorded  to  have  been  written,  some  of  which  are  now 
unknown. 

Of  BoBERT  FOLIOT  (-1186),  a  Devonian  (Fuller,  i  251) 
and  Bishop  of  Hereford,  it  is  reported  by  Pits  (236)  that  he 
wrote  De  Sacramentia  antiquce  et  nouce  legis;    Concionum; 


80  DR.  bbushfield's  presidential  address. 

and  another  work,  of  which  the  titles  alone  have  descended 
to  us. 

BiCHARD  FiSHACRE  01  FiZACRE  (-1248),  a  native  of  Exeter 
(Pits,  317,8tate8  "patria  Deuoniensis,  ex  territorio  Exoniensi*'), 
was  a  learned  Dominican,  and  the  intimate  friend  of  Bobert 
Bacon.  He  wrote  several  treatises  on  Divinity,  Commentaries, 
&c.,  of  which  the  titles  are  given  in  Pits^s  work.  Some  of 
his  MSS.  are  said  to  be  preserved  at  Oxford.^^ 

Although  Hooker  (in  Godwin's  Bishops)  affirms  Bartholo- 
mew (-1184)  to  have  been  called  "Iscanus  of  Isca,"  and  "a 
meane  Citizen's  sonne  "  of  Exeter,  his  most  recent  biographer 
(T.  A.  Archer  in  Diet  Nat.  Biog.)  states  that  he  was  a 
native  of  Brittany.  He  was,  however.  Bishop  of  Exeter  for 
the  long  period  of  twenty-three  years  (1161-1184).  Histori- 
cally, he  is  known  as  one  of  the  great  opponents  of  the  policy 
of  Becket,  yet,  after  the  death  of  the  latter,  he  was  selected 
to  preach  the  sermon  on  the  re-opening  of  Canterbury 
Cathedral  This  "luminary  of  the  English  church"  wrote 
several  works  on  divinity,  of  which  Pits  (250)  gives  a  list. 
None  of  them  have  been  published.^^ . 

Bartholomew  was  the  active  friend  of  Baldwin  (-1190),  a 
native  of  Exeter,  and  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (1184-1190). 
They  esteemed  each  other  so  highly  that  a  life-long  friendship 
resiJted,  and  they  "  mutually  dedicated  books  to  each  other's 
commendation,  so  that  neither  wanted  praise  nor  praised 
himself."  (Fuller,  L  274.)  His  own  productions  were  princi- 
pally theological,  and  were  included  in  the  works  of  the 
Cistercian  fathers,  printed  in  1662.  (Wright,  ii.  295.) 
According  to  Dr.  Hook,  they  "do  not  contain  any  matter 
of  deep  interest."  {Abps.  of  Canterbury,  iL  546.)  Several  of 
his  original  MSS.  are  in  the  Lambeth  Library.  His  De 
corruptis  irwrilms  cleri  et  populi  contains  much  of  value 
relating  to  the  social  history  of  the  period,  and  describes 
"  the  expectation  so  prevalent  in  the  twelfth  century  that  the 
world  was  approaching  to  its  end."  (Wright,  iL  294.)  His 
De  Sacramento  Altaris,  written  in  Ford  Abbey  before  he  was 
abbot  there,  is  of  peculiar  interest  for  having  been  printed,  in 
1521,  at  Cambridge,  by  John  Siberch,  the  year  when  the 
printing  press  was  first  introduced  there.  It  was  the  fourth 
work  executed  by  Siberch.^^ 

To  the  historical  student  he  is  better  known  for  his 
celebrated  tour  through  Wales  in  the  year  1188,  on  a  mission 
to  preach  a  crusade  for  the  recovery  of  Jerusalem  from  the 
Saracens.  Dr.  Hook  remarks,  **  The  interior  of  Wales  was  as 
little  known  as  the  interior  of  Africa  at  the  present  time  . .  . 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  31 

of  the  Welsh  language  the  missionaries  were  ignorant: 
equally  ignorant  were  the  Welsh  themselves  of  Latin,  Anglo- 
Saxon,  or  Anglo-Norman."  {Op,  cit.  ii.  560-1.)  Notwith- 
standing these  drawbacks,  the  success  is  reported  to  have 
been  marvellously  great  His  Itinerary,  written  by  Giraldus 
de  Barri  (Cambrensis),  and  published  in  Latin  in  1585,  was 
translated  by  Sir  Ii.  C.  Hoare,  and  issued  in  1806. 

The  Bishop,  successively  of  Hereford  and  of  London, 
Gilbert  Foliot  (-1187),  a  near  kinsman  of  Robert  Foliot, 
already  noticed,  was  born  at  Tamerton  Foliot.  (Fuller,  i.  251.) 
He  wrote  several  theological  and  other  treatises,  of  which 
the  titles  are  given  by  Pits  (251-2),  and  we  can  but  regret 
his  Vitas  aiiquot  sandorum  Anglioe  has  not  come  down  to  us. 
The  only  work  now  known  of  his,  A  Treatise  on  Solomon^s 
Sang  ("De  Cantica  Canticorum "),  was  printed  in  1638. 
Many  of  his  letters  have  been  preserved,  and  are  of  much 
interest  They  were  published  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Giles  in  1845, 
and  more  recently  in  Materials  for  the  Life  of  Becket  (1877) 
Rolls  Series.     Of  Becket  he  was  a  determined  opponent. 

Ford  Abbey,  during  this  period,  had,  said  Fuller,  "  more 
learning  therein  than  three  convents  of  the  same  bignesse." 
(L  263.)  Baldwin  belonged  to  it,  as  well  as  the  two  following 
literary  men. 

RooEK  DE  Ford,  or  Roger  the  Cistercia.n  (-1181)  "lived 
(neer  the  place  of  his  birth)  at  Ford  Abbey."  (Fuller,  i.  263.) 
He  wrote  the  Revelations  of  St.  Elizabeth  of  Flanders;  A 
Narrative  of  the  Martyrdom  of  the  11,000  Virgins  at  Cologne; 
and  a  metrical  poem,  ETicomium  Marioe,  Of  these  three 
Latin  MSS.,  none  of  which  were  printed,  the  first  was  at  one 
time  among  the  Cottonian  MSS.  (Otho,  A.  xii.),  the  second  is 
in  the  library  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  of  the  third 
nothing  more  is  known.  Pits  (246)  gives  the  titles  of  the 
three. 

John  de  Ford,  or  Devonius  (-1220)  "carrys  the  signature 
of  his  country  in  his  forehead  "  (Prince,  295),  but  his  birth- 
place is  unknown.  Dr.  Oliver  (Monasticon,  339)  states  he 
"resigned  in  1191,  Bindon  Abbey,"  to  become  Abbot  of  Ford, 
which  he  retained  until  his  death  in  1220.  Pits  (276-7) 
gives  a  list  of  thirteen  of  his  works,  nearly  all  theological : 
some  of  the  MS.  copies  are  still  in  existence,  but  none  have 
been  printed.  One  volume  contained  120  Homilies.  Had  it 
been  preserved,  his  Acta  Joannis  Regis  would  probably  have 
been  of  interest,  as  he  was  Confessor  to  that  King.  He  wrote 
the  Life  of  St,  Wulfrk,  the  hermit  of  Haselberg,  of  which 
there  are  MS.   copies  in   the  Cottonian   MSS.   (Faustina, 


32  DB.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

B.  iv.  3.),  as  well  as  in  the  Library  of  Eton  College;  and 
each  possesses  separate  dedications  to  Bartholomew,  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  and  to  Archbishop  Baldwin.  ^^  Dr.  Oliver 
{Ibid,  339)  points  out  that  as  the  former  died  about  the  time 
of  the  translation  of  the  latter  to  Canterbury  (1184),  "it  is 
possible  that  the  book  may  not  be  a  genuine  work."  The 
author  having  dedicated  it  to  the  former,  and  learning  he  was 
dead,  probably  wrote  a  second  dedication  without  interfering 
with  the  first.  As  Dr.  Oliver  adds,  "Anyone  who  is 
friendly  to  the  memory  of  the  Abbot,  and  has  read  the 
biography,  must  be  pleased  to  think  that  he  was  perhaps  not 
the  author  of  such  a  production,"  it  is  probable  that  the 
character  of  the  work  may  have  biassed  his  mind  with  respect 
to  the  authorship. 

The  poets  and  poetry  of  this  period  will  not  occupy  much 
of  our  time.  The  metrical  work  of  Eoger  de  Ford  has  already 
been  mentioned.  The  next  author,  Simon  Ash,  or  Fraxinus 
(12th  century),  is  called  by  Prince  (15)  a  Devonian,  on  the 
authority  of  Hooker.  He  wrote  a  metrical  abridgement,  in 
French,  of  the  Consolations  of  Boethius,  or  The  Bomunce  of 
Dame  Fortune,  as  a  MS.  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library  is  named. 
He  was  a  great  friend  of  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  with  whom  he 
corresponded  in  Latin  verse.  In  a  similar  form  of  composi- 
tion, and  under  the  title  of  Apologia  Rythmica,  he  defended 
the  latter  when  attacked  by  the  Abbot  of  Dore  in  "  contume- 
lious verses,"  for  having  written  Speculum  Ucclesice,  in  which 
Giraldus  commented  severely  upon  abuses  amongst  the  clergy 
and  laity.  (Printed  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  641,  et  seq,) 
Some  of  his  epigrams  and  short  poems  (AIS.)  are  in  the 
Libraries  of  Lambeth,  and  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cam- 
bridge. (Wright,  ii.  350.)  i* 

"  The  most  eloquent  poet  of  that  age,"  according  to  Camden, 
was  Joseph  of  Exeter — Josephus  Iscanus  (/.  1190),  whose 
birthplace  is  recorded  in  his  name.  His  principal  work,  De 
Bello  Trojano,  a  Latin  epic  poem  in  six  books,  was  written  at 
the  time  that  Archbishop  Baldwin  (said  to  be  his  uncle,  and  to 
whom  he  dedicated  his  work)  was  preaching  the  Crusade  in 
Wales,  for  which  Henry  II.  was  making  preparation,  so  that 
it  must  have  been  composed  between  1184  and  1190.  It  has 
been  printed  many  times  abroad,  once  in  England  (1675),  but 
has  never  been  translated  into  English.  Of  another  poem, 
AntiocheiSy  only  a  fragment  remains,  printed  by  Wartoii 
(L  clxvi.),  and  is  an  eulogy  of  British  heroes.  It  was  found 
by  Leland  in  the  library  of  Abingdon  Abbey.  Pits  (276) 
gives  a  list  of  other  of  his  pieces,  the  correctness  of  which 


DR.   BRUSHFIKLD'S   PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  33 

has  been  doubted.  He  is  highly  praised  by  Warton,  who 
remarks  of  his  poem  on  the  Trojan  war,  "  The  structure  of 
the  versi6cation  approaches  nearly  to  that  of  polished  Latin 
poetry."  (i.  clxiii)  Wright  (i.  402)  designates  him  "  the  best 
of  our  medifleval  Auglo- Latin  poets";  while  Fuller  (i.  274), 
alludes  to  him  as  "  a  golden  Pott  in  a  leaden  age,  so  terse 
and  elegant  were  his  conceipts  and  expressions."  The  only 
adverse  critic  appears  to  be  H.  Morley,  who  somewhat  sneer- 
ingly  remarks  of  him,  "  He  wants  also,  and  will  always  want, 
readers.  Having  Homer,  we  can  spare  Joseph  of  Exeter 
upon  the  Trojan  war."  {Op,  cit,  600.)^^ 

Passing  from  thep  domain  of  poetry  to  that  of  law,  we 
arrive  at  the  name  of  our  most  important  author  up  to  thi^ 
period,  the  eminent  ecclesiastic  and  judge,  Henry  db 
Bracton,  Bratton,  or  Buetton  (-1268),  who,  although  at 
one  time  claimed  to  have  been  a  Somersetshire  man,  is  now 
generally  assigned  to  Devonshire,  and  to  have  been  a  native 
either  of  Bratton  Clovelly,  near  Okehampton,  or  of  Bratton 
Fleming,  near  Barnstaple.  His  great  and  only  known  literary 
work,  JDe  Legilrus  et  'Consuetiidinibtcs  Anglice,  is  yet  one  of 
our  great  legal  classics.  Up  to  the  time  of  its  composition, 
it  formed  a  complete  digest  of  the  laws  and  customs  of 
England,  and  was  "the  first  attempt  to  treat  the  whole 
extent  of  the  law  in  a  manner  at  once  systematic  and 
practical."  It  was  not  the  first  work  of  its  kind  in  England, 
as  one,  generally  attributed  to  Ranulf  de  Glanville  (-1190), 
of  Suffolk,  had  been  written  in  the  previous  century,  but  it 
lacks  the  comprehensiveness  of  Bracton's  work.  Through 
Coke,  Bracton's  "influence  has  been  effective  in  moulding 
the  existing  common  law  of  England";  and  one  of  his  great 
merits  consists  in  "  citing  cases  iti  support  of  the  principles 
he  enunciates."  (These  quotations  are  from  Bid.  Nat.  Biog.) 
The  fearless  character  of  his  writings  may  be  gleaned  from 
the  following  extracts : 

''A  king  is  a  king  so  long  as  he  rules  well;  he  becomes  a 
tyrant  when  he  oppresses  the  people  committed  to  his  charge  .  .  . 
when  the  king  turns  aside  to  do  injustice,  he  is  the  minister  of  the 
devil"  (Lib.  L  ch,  viii.) 

"The  King  hath  for  his  superior  God,  as  also  the  law  by 
which  he  is  made  King  ...  if  the  King  be  without  a  bridle, 
that  is  without  law,  then  ought  they  to  bridle  him."  (Lib.  i  ch.  xvi.) 

We  cannot  wonder  that  the  Puritan  leaders  quoted 
fireely  from  Bracton  s  writings.  Judge  Bradshaw  did  so  at 
the  trial  of  Charles  I.,  and  Milton  quoted  the  first  of  the 


34  DB.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

above  extracts,  in  his  Defence  of  the  People  of  England,  It 
is  marvellous  to  reflect  that,  at  the  time  when  regal  authority 
was  paramount,  a  judge  had  the  hardihood  to  indite  such 
opinions.  We  must,  however,  bear  in  mind,  that  even  the 
most  tyrannical  ruler  always  professed  respect  for  law  and 
justice,  and  all  that  Bracton  did  was  to  record  the  law  of 
England,  a  law  that  was  directly  opposed  to  the  doctrine  of 
passive  obedience. 

Of  its  wide  professional  popularity  the  number  of  MS. 
copies  bears  testimony,  but  although  it  was  repeatedly  quoted 
as  the  great  authority  on  the  subject,  it  was  not  published  in 
a  complete  form  until  1569.  The  most  important  edition  is 
that  of  Sir  Travers  Twiss  (Eolls  Series,  6  vols.  1878-1883), 
which  possesses  the  advantage  of  an  English  translation. 
Bracton  gave  some  MSS.  to  the  Cathedral  library. i® 


Third  Period,  1300-1477. 

Our  next  period  takes  us  down  to'  the  introduction  of 
printing  into  England  (1477),  and  practically  includes  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  Except  in  a  very  few 
instances  the  literature  of  the  county  during  this  long  period 
received  no  important  additions,  and  the  number  of  recorded 
writers  is  remarkably  small  The  terrible  wars  with  France, 
and  the  troubles  with  Scotland,  at  home  the  civil  Wars  of  the 
Eoses,  the  Peasant  Eevolt,  with  the  repeated  pestilences  and 
general  misery,  may  to  a  certain  extent  account  for  this ;  and 
yet  the  literature  of  the  fourteenth  century  was  enriched  with 
the  works  of  Chaucer  and  Gower,  Wycliffe  and  Langland, 
and  in  the  fifteenth  the  printing  press  was  introduced  into 
England. 

Taking  precedence  of  the  writers,  comes  the  name  of  one 
who  promoted  and  advanced  the  study  of  literature,  by 
founding  a  college  for  scholars  of  Devon  and  ComwalL 
Walter  de  Stapeldon  (-1326),  born  at  Annery,  in  the 
parish  of  Monkleigh  (Dr.  Oliver,  Bps,  of  Exeter,  55),  Bishop 
of  Exeter  (1308-1326),  founded  and  liberally  endowed 
Hart's  Hall  and  Stapeldon's  Inn,  Oxford,  the  name  being 
subsequently  changed  by  Bishop  Stafford  into  Exeter 
College ;  "  and  he  left  funds  to  establish  in  St.  John's  Hospital 
[Exeter]  ...  a  grammar  school  to  prepare  them  for  that 
university."  {Ihid.  57.^^ 

.    Commencing  with  authors  on  religious  subjects,  the  first 
is  Robert  DE  Plympton  (-1320),  of  whom  but  little  is  known. 


PK.  BKUSHFIELD'S  presidential  ADDRESa  35 

Pits  (408)  assigns  him  to  Devonshire,  and  that  he  was  a 
Canon  of  the  Augustinian  priory  of  Plympton,  also  that  he 
was  the  author  of  two  works,  De  PoiniteTitia  and  Sen/tones 
Dominicales,  of  which  nothing  is  known.^®  William  of 
Exeter  (-1330),  Canon  of  Exeter  Cathedral,  is  asserted 
by  Pits  (426)  to  have  been  the  author  of  several  religious 
treatises,  the  principal  being  one  against  the  Ockhamites. 
Nothing  further  is  known  of  thein,  or  of  works  on  theology 
and  philosophy  of  another  writer  of  the  same  period,  John 
DE  Bampton  (-1341),  of  which  the  titles  of  two  are 
given  by  Pits  (449).  He  was  a  Cluniac  monk,  and,  according 
to  a  doubtful  tradition,  was  the  first  lecturer  on  Aristotle 
at  Cambridge.  Equally  unknown  are  the  literary  labours 
of  WiLUAM  Slade  (-1415)  a  Devonian,  according  to  Hooker, 
Abbot  of  Buckfastleigh,  and  Rector  of  Exeter  College.  At 
Buckfastleigh  he  is  reported  to  have  left  **  behind  him  xiii 
books  of  his  own  penning."^®  Walter  of  Exeter  (Jl.  1301), 
a  Cluniac  monk,  is  said  to  have  written  The  History  or  Life 
of  Chiy  Earl  of  Wanvick  (Prince,  354),  but  more  probably 
it  was  a  version  of  the  ordinary  romance  of  Guy  of 
Warwick,  of  which  unfortunately  no  trace  has  descended 
tous.^ 

Happily  we  are  in  possession  of  another  romance  of  the 
latter  part  of  the  same  century,  and  one  of  considerable 
philological  importance.  The  exploits  of  Charlemagne  were 
long  the  theme  of  song  and  romance,  first  in  France  and 
afterwards  in  the  neighbouring  countries.^*  All  the  Charle- 
magna  romances,  whether  in  verse  or  prose,  were  popular. 
The  one  that  found  the  most  favour  in  England  was 
designated  Sir  Ferumbras  (a  corruption  of  the  original  name 
Fierabras),  a  gigantic  Saracen  knight,  whose  adventures  it 
related.  Of  this  an  English  metrical  version,  preserved  in  a 
MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  was  for  the  first  time  printed  in 
the  year  1877,  by  the  Early  English  Text  Society.  The 
Editor  (Mr.  S.  J.  Herrtage)  states,  **The  poem  is  written 
in  a  southern  (probably  Devonshire)  dialect,  but  has  an 
unusually  large  admixture  of  midland  and  northern  forms," 
probably  from  the  author  having  resided  "  for  some  consider- 
able time  in  counties  north  of  his  own."  (xviii.)  From  its 
ifUemal  evidence  he  believed  "  the  author  of  the  poem  was  a 
clergyman,  and  .  .  .  most  likely  .  .  .  lived  at  Exeter "  (xvi., 
xviii.) ;  wliile  Mr.  W.  H.  Black,  from  the  external  evidence 
of  its  "antient  covers,"  concluded  "that  the  author  was 
a  clergyman,  lived  in  the  diocese  of  Exeter  (probably  in  that 
city),  and  composed  his  work  shortly  after  1377,  or  early  in 


36  DK.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

the  reign  of  Richard  1 1."  22  it  is  not  at  all  improbable  that 
the  poem  (translation)  was  the  work  of  "  John  Brygge,  the 
vicar  of  Bucfastleghe." 

Although  it  contains  a  large  amount  of  alliteration,  it  is 
not  an  alliterative  poem.  It  has  two  different  rhyming 
metres.  As  far  as  at  present  known,  it  is  the  earliest  work 
containing  a  distinct  Devon  dialect.^  As  an  example,  I  may 
quote  the  following  from  the  remarks  of  Mr.  Herrtage:  "The 
e  is  very  frequently  omitted  before  the  th  in  the  third  person 
singular.  ...  In  many  cases  this  peculiarity,  which  still 
exists  in  Devonshire,  serves  to  distinguish  between  the 
singular  and  plural."  (xxiv.)  The  following  line  (1513),  taken 
from  the  work,  shows  a  remarkable  variant  of  the  Cornish 
"  one  and  all "  : 

'*  Peynymes  thei  were  alle  and  some." 

The  only  historian  of  this  period  was  Richard  Chichester 
{fl,  1348),  whom  Bishop  Bale  and  Fuller  claim  as  a  Devonian, 
and  a  member  of  the  family  of  Ralegh,  of  Pilton.  "He  wrote 
a  chronicle  from  Hengistus  the  Saxon,  to  the  year  of  our 
Lord,  1348,  done  indeed  ^  JTistorica."  (Fuller,  i.  263.)" 

The  publication  of  the  letters  and  papers  of  John  Shilling- 
ford,  Mayor  of  Exeter,  1445,  7,  and  8  {Camd.  Soc.  1871),  was 
an  important  contribution  to  the  history  of  that  city.^  They 
relate  to  a  quarrel  of  long  standing  between  the  civic  and  the 
ecclesiastic  authorities ;  the  Mayor  claiming  "  sole  jurisdiction 
within  the  whole  city  including  the  Bishop's  palace,"  while 
the  Bishop  claimed  that  the  latter  was  "separate,  distinct 
from,  and  out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Mayor."  Hence  a 
very  pretty  *'  difference  of  opinion "  which  terminated  in  a 
compromise  in  1448.  The  letters  show  the  great  antagonism 
between  the  two  parties,  as  well  as  the  vigorous  manner  in 
which  the  Mayor  fought  for  the  asserted  rights  of  the  city. 
There  is  a  short  notice  of  the  contest  in  Izacke's  Antiquities 
of  Exeter,  It  is  rather  singular  that  Dr.  Oliver  makes  no 
allusion  to  it  in  any  of  his  works. 

"  The  first  author  who  had  the  merit  of  reducing  Heraldry 
to  a  system,"  and  **  the  most  ancient  author  of  this  country 
whose  works  on  the  subject  of  Heraldry  are  extant,"  is 
Nicholas  Upton  {fl.  1440),  a  Devonian,  and  believed  to  have 
been  born  at  Postlinch.  Humphrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  per- 
suaded him  to  retire  from  the  military  service,  and  he  then 
became  a  priest  In  return,  as  his  patron,  he  dedicated  to 
the  Duke  his  first  work  on  Heraldry.  It  consists  of  four 
books,  two  of  which  (translated),  printed  for  the  first  time. 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD's  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  37 

formed  a  portion  of  the  Bohe  of  St,  Albans  of  Juliana  Berners, 
published  in  1486.  The  complete  work  appeared  in  1654, 
edited  by  Edward  Bysshe. 

William  Wey  or  Weye  (1408-1476)  is  the  only  Devonian 
traveller  during  this  period,  whose  written  account  of  his 
wanderings  has  been  preserved.^®  As  a  pilgrim  he  visited 
Compostella  in  1456,  and  Jerusalem  in  1458  and  1462.  The 
original  MS.  (in  prose,  and  verse)  and  large  map,  are  in  the 
Bodleian  Library,  and  under  the  editorship  of  the  Bev.  6. 
Williams,  the  former  was  printed  in  1857  (map  in  1867) 
under  the  title  of  The  Itineraries  of  William  Wey.  (Roxb. 
Club.)  From  this  the  following  is  quoted  as  a  specimen, 
**  In  this  Boke  conteynyd  ys  the  wey  to  Jerusalem  and  the 
boly  placys  in  that  sam  centre. 

"  Fro  Venyse  to  Port  Jaff  by  the  see 
Hyt  ys  ij"*  myle  and  hundrys  thre  ; 
And  yn  that  see  ther  is  a  place 
Wher  the  whale  swalowyd  Jonas. 
Thcr  ys  in  the  same,  besyde  that, 
A  ston  that  seynt  Petyr  fyschyd  at. 
Also  att  Jaff  ther  was  a  place 
Wher  Dorkas  fro  deth  reysyd  was."  (8) 

If  the  literary  work  of  anyone  of  this  period  be  still 
r^arded  with  the  highest  degree  of  respect,  and  as  of 
great  authority  on  the  subject  of  it,  most  assuredly  it  will  be 
that  of  the  next  writer  to  notice,  *'  one  of  the  worthies  of  the 
county  of  Devon,  of  whom  it  may  be  justly  proud "  (Foss, 
Judges  of  England  (1870)  276),  viz.,  Sir  John  Fortescub 
(1394  ?-1476  ?),  "  that  notable  Bulwarke  of  our  Lawes,"  as  he 
is  termed  by  Ralegh  {Hist,  of  World  (1614)  247),  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  and  **  Lord  Chancellor  to  King 
Henry  VL"  His  birthplace  is  unknown,  except  it  is  generally 
conceded  to  be  in  this  county.  He  was  the  author  of  several 
works,  nearly  all  of  them  relating  to  legal  matters,^^  but 
the  two  for  which  he  is  celebrated  are — 

De  Lavdibus  Legum  Anglice. 

De  Dominio  Regali  et  Politico. 

The  first — A  Treatise  of  the  Laws  of  England^  and  his 
principal  work,  was  written  about  1470,  while  an  exile  in 
France  with  the  Queen  and  Prince  Edward,  whither  they 
had  gone,  when  the  Lancastrians  were  defeated  at  the  battle 
of  Hexham,  in  the  year  1464.  For  the  education  of  the 
prince,  who  was  entrusted  to  his  care,  he  wrote  this  Latin 
work,  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue  between  the  prince  and 
himself.  In  it,  and  accompanied  with  many  illustrations  from 
Scripture,  he  taught  him  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  a 


38  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

king.  The  first  chapter, ''  An  Exhortation  to  the  Study  of  the 
Laws,"  terminates  thus:  "To  depart  from  Evil,  the  Laws 
teach  and  caution ;  whereby  they  also  produce  that  Fear  of 
God,  which  is  the  true  Wisdom."  The  ninth  chapter,  "  The 
Nature  of  a  Government  which  is  Political,"  is  a  memorable 
one,  and  has  been  frequently  quoted  in  the  Law  Courts  as 
well  as  in  Parliament.  The  following  is  a  noteworthy  passage 
in  it:  "A  King  of  England  cannot,  at  his  Pleasure,  make 
any  Alterations  in  the  Laws  of  the  Land,  for  the  Nature  of 
his  Government  is  not  only  Regal  but  Political"  The  work, 
"after  more  than  three  centuries,  is  referred  to  as  the  first 
treatise  that  entered  minutely  into  the  history  of  our  legal 
institutions  and  described  the  professional  education  and 
habits  of  the  period."  (Fobs,  Op.  cit.  276.)  First  printed  in 
1537,  it  has  passed  through  many  editions,  both  in  the 
original  Latin,  and  translated  into  English  (first  in  1567). 

His  second  treatise.  The  Difference  between  an  AbsoliUe  and 
Limited  Monarchy^  was  written  in  English.^  In  some 
portions,  notably  those  relating  to  the  kingly  power,  it  is  a 
paraphrase  or  expansion  of  the  former  work,  and  was 
certainly  written  after  it.  In  it  he  contrasts  the  Constitution 
of  England  with  that  of  France,  much  to  the  disparagement 
of  the  latter  country,  and  is  based  on  his  enquiries  and 
observation  when  an  exile  there.  Of  the  French  peasantry 
he  gives  a  lamentable  description.  The  twelfth  chapter  is 
headed,  "  Hereafter  ys  schewyd,  what  Harme  would  come  to 
England,  if  the  Commons  thereof  were  Pore,"  as  the  French 
were ;  and  he  points  out  that  the  well-being  of  the  Commons 
is  the  welfare  of  the  State. 

His  works  have  the  singular  merits  of  being  of  simple 
diction,  short,  and  to  the  point  His  remains  were  interred 
in  Ebrington  Church,  Gloucestershire,  and  the  final  couplet  of 
his  Latin  epitaph  has  been  thus  translated — 

"  To  latest  times  shall  Fortcscue  be  known, 
And  in  the  law's  just  pmise  we  read  his  own.'* 

Before  quitting  our  notice  of  the  literary  records  of  this 
period,  some  important  works  relating  to  ecclesiastical  and 
general  history,  and  which  until  recently  remained  in  a  MS. 
state,  and  inaccessible  to  the  student,  must  not  be  overlooked. 

The  first  is  an  Account  of  the  Executors  of  Thomas  db 
BiTTON  or  Button,  Bishop  of  Exeter  (1292-1307).  edited  for 
the  Camden  Society  (1874)  by  Archdeacon  Hale,  and  the  Rev. 
H.  T.  Ellacombe,  containing  many  interesting  particulars 
bearing  upon  the  manorial  history  of  the  county,  as  well  as 


BB.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  39 

upon  social  maimers  of  the  century.  As  he  is  one  of  the 
bishops  about  whom  little  is  known,  and  whose  £egisters 
have  long  since  perished,  the  account  is  of  especial  value. 

The  second  is  the  Issue  Boll  of  Thomas  de  Brantii^gham, 
Bishop  of  Exeter  (1370-1394)  and  Lord  High  Treasurer  of 
England :  a  statement  of  payments  made  out  of  His 
Majesty's  Eevenue,  44  Edw.  3  (1370),  published  in  1835. 
It  was  the  year  of  Brantingham's  consecration  as  Bishop  of 
Exeter.  As  an  indication  of  its  value,  it  contains  entries 
relating  to  Henry  de  Bracton,  as  well  as  to  Chaucer.^ 

The  third  is  the  Liber  Pontificalis  of  Bishop  Lacy 
(1420-1455),  edited  by  R.  Barnes,  and  published  in  1847. 
The  original  MS.  was  the  property,  and  in  the  use,  of  the 
bishop,  and  at  his  death  was  deposited  in  the  Cathedral 
Library,  where  it  yet  remains.  It  is  believed  to  belong  to 
the  14th  century,  and  is  the  ancient^  ritual  used  by  him  in 
all  those  services  in  which  he  took  the  leading  part 

The  fourth  and  last  of  this  series  is  the  publication,  still 
in  progress,  of  the  Bishops'  B£GIST£RS  (Index  and  full 
Abstract),  by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  Hingeston-Randolph,  of  which 
three  goodly  volumes  have  appeared.  It  would  be  difficult  to 
over-estimate,  or  to  express  in  adequate  terms  of  commend- 
ation, the  worth  of  these  results  of  his  industry  and  self- 
denying  labours.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  a  knowledge  of  the 
contents  of  these  precious  Registers  has,  for  the  first  time, 
been  made  practically  available  to  the  student  of  parochial 
and  of  general  history. 


Fmrth  Period,  1477-1558. 

The  period  extending  from  1477  to  the  accession  of 
Elizabeth,  although  historically  a  highly  important  one,  was, 
notwithstanding  the  introduction  of  the  printing  press,  not 
marked  by  any  increase  in  the  number  of  Devon  authors, 
judging  from  the  number  of  their  published  works.  It  may 
be  regarded  as  the  procemium  to  the  numerous  literary  pro- 
ductions that  were  to  spring  up  during  her  reign. 

The  earliest  printed  work  that  can  be  claimed  for  this 
county,  emanated  from  one  who  was  a  resident  but  for  a 
short  time.  Alexander  Barclay  (1475  ?-1552),  a  priest, 
and  probably  of  Scottish  origin  (although  assigned  to  Devon- 
shire, by  Pits,  745),  on  his  return  from  the  Continent  was  by 
Bishop  Cornish,  Warden  of  the  College  of  Ottery  St.  Mary, 
appointed  to  a  chaplaincy  there.    During  his  foreign  sojourn. 


40  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

he  could  not  have  been  insensible  of  the  extraordinary 
popularity  of  Sebastian  Brandt's  Narrenschiff,^  published 
in  1494.  His  first  English  work  was  a  translation  of  Pierre 
Gringoire's  Le  Chateau  de  Labour  (1499),  under  the  title  of 
The  Castell  of  Labouriy  printed  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  in 
1506.  Whether  this  can  be  regarded  as  a  Devon  work  is 
unknown,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  next,  a  translation 
of  Brandt's  work,  entitled  The  Shyp  of  folys,  and  published 
by  Pynson  as  a  good  folio  in  1509,  being  claimed  for  this 
county,  from  the  following  note  at  the  end  of  the  Latin 
dedication  to  Bishop  Cornish : 

"This  present  Boke  named  the  Shyp  of  folys  of  the 
worlde  was  translated  in  the  College  of  saynt  Mary  Otery  in 
the  counte  Deuonshyre:  out  of  Laten,  Frenche,  and  Doche 
into  Englysshe  tonge  by  Alexander  Barclay  Preste :  and  at 
that  tyme  Chaplen  in  the  sayde  College,  translated  the  yere 
of  our  Lorde  god.  M.ccccc.viij.  Inprentyd  in  the  Cyte  of 
London  in  Fletestre  at  the  signe  of  Saynt  George.  By 
Eycharde  Pynson  to  hys  Goste  and  charge  :  Ended  the  yere 
of  our  Saviour.     M.  d.  ix.     The  xiiij.  day  of  December." 

He  left  Devonshire  for  Ely  about  1508.31 

Under  the  allegory  of  a  ship  laden  with  fools  of  all  ranks 
and  classes,  Brandt  satirises  their  weaknesses  and  vices. 
Each  individual  or  class  is  taken  and  described  by  itself  in 
verse,  and  illustrated  by  a  satirical  woodcut.  There  is  no 
attempt  at  any  plot,  or  even  any  connection  between  the 
several  chapters.  "  It  was  the  first  printed  book,"  according 
to  Max  Muller,  "that  treated  of  contemporaneous  events 
and  living  persons,  instead  of  old  German  battles  and 
French  knights,"  and  was  "just  such  a  satire  which  ordinary 
people  would  read,  and  read  with  pleasure."^ 

Barclay's  work  is  much  more  than  a  simple  translation  of 
the  original  satire.  He  himself  states,  "  It  is  not  translated 
word  by  worde  acordinge  to  ye  verses  of  my  actour."  It 
reproduces  the  matter  but  not  the  manner  of  Brandt's 
volume.  Its  metre  is  different;  it  frequently  paraphrases 
the  original,  and  to  the  larger  number  of  sections  is  added  a 
verse  or  verses  of  Barclay's  own,  as  "  The  enuoy  of  Barklay 
to  the  Folys."  ^  To  its  general  merit,  Max  Muller  thus 
testifies :  "  In  some  parts  his  translation  is  an  improvement 
on  the  original." 

It  is,  moreover,  of  especial  value  for  two  distinct  reasons, 
first  to  the  philologist,  for  being  an  excellent  example  of  the 
English  of  the  period.  "  Written  midway  between  Chaucer 
and  Spenser,  it  is  infinitely  more  easy  to  read  than  either." 


DR.   BRUSHFDUiD^S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  41 

(Jamieson,  i.  xx.)  And,  secondly,  for  containing  ''the  most 
graphic  and  comprehensive  picture  ever  preserved  of  the 
folly,  injustice,  and  iniquity  which  demoralized  England, 
city  and  country  alike,  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  rendered  it  ripe  for  any  change,  political  or 
religious.'*'*  From  this  it  will  be  understood  that  Barclay's 
work  is  not  a  translation,  but  an  adaptation  to  English  life 
and  manners.  Written,  not  in  Latin  for  the  learned,  but  in 
English  for  the  people,  he  thus  excuses  ''  the  rudenes  of  his 
translacion,"  and  which  is  "  confessedly  written  in  the  com- 
monest language  of  the  common  people  "  ( Jamieson) : 

"  My  speche  is  rude  my  termes  comon  and  rural 
And  I  for  rude  peple  moche  more  conuenient 
Than  for  Estates,  lemed  men,  or  eloquent."  (i.  2.) 

It  is  full  of  apothegms,  proverbs  and  wise  saws;  and 
although  at  times  humorous,  is  terribly  in  earnest.  He 
remarks,  "I  write  no  jest  ne  tale  of  Eobyn  hode."  He  attacks 
all  classes,  and,  curiously  enough,  the  first  on  his  list  is  the 
bibliomaniac,  the  man  who  collects  books  and  does  not  read 
them. 

**  For  to  bane  plenty  it  is  a  plesaunt  thynge 
In  my  conceyt  and  to  have  them  ay  in  honde 
But  what  they  mene  do  I  not  understonde."  (i.  20.) 

Gluttons  and  drunkards,  backbiters,  flatterers,  mockers  and 
£alse  accusers,  talebearers,  "  the  vyce  of  vnkyndnes,"  are  all 
included  in  his  list.  In  the  section  "  Of  newe  fassions  and 
disgised  garmentes  "  he  tritely  remarks : 

**  Comonlv  it  is  sene  that  nowe  a  dayes 
One  Fofe  gladly  folowes  another's  wayes." 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  know  that  his  remarks  on  fashions 
are  confined  to  the  men.  He  is  especially  severe  on  those 
**  that  make  noyses  rehersynges  of  talys  and  do  other  thynges 
unlawfnll  and  dishonest  in  ye  chvrche  of  God,"  condemning 
the  practice  of  those  who  take  dogs  or  hawks  into  the  sacred 
edifice,  e.g, : 

'^  On  his  fyst  a  Sparhauke  or  fawcon, 
Or  els  a  ookow."    (i.  221.)m 

He  makes  occasional  allusion  to  Devonshire  people,  some- 
times by  name,  as  Sir  John  Kirkham,  and  "Mansell  of 
Otery."  One  verse  he  devotes  to  eight  secondaries  of  the 
Ottery  St.  Mary  College,  whom  he  designates  as  his  "  eyght 
neyghbours."  His  opinion  of  the  local  parochial  clergy  is 
not  a  very  high  one : 

"  For  if  one  can  flater,  and  here  a  hawke  on  his  fyst. 
He  shalbe  made  Person  of  Honyngton  or  of  Clyst."  (i.  22.)" 

VOL.  XXV.  D 


42  DR.   BBU8H7ISLD  S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

The  illustrations  in  Barclay's  work  are  facsimiles  of  those  in 
Brandt's.  Its  great  popularity  led  to  the  publication  of  other 
English  versions,  as  well  as  to  many  imitations,  confined  in 
some  instances  to  the  title  alone.  Several  ballads  also 
appeared  under  a  similar  title.'^  The  most  memorable 
work  in  all  probability  suggested  by,  written  in  a  similar 
vein  to,  that  of  Barclay,  and  published  in  the  year  following, 
is  Morioe  Encomium  :  or  the  Praise  of  Folly,  by  Erasmus,  in 
Latin  (subsequently  translated  into  English  by  Bishop 
Kennet).  In  this,  Folly  *'  mounts  a  pulpit  in  cap  and  bells, 
and  pelts  with  her  satire  the  absurdities  of  the  world  around 
her,  the  superstition  of  the  monk,  the  pedantry  of  the  gram- 
marian, the  dogmatism  of  the  doctors  of  the  schools,  the 
selfishness  and  tyranny  of  kings."  (Green,  ii.  85.)  In  his 
prefatory  epistle  to  Sir  Thomas  More,  he  makes  the  punning 
statement :  "  The  first  hint  [of  the  work]  was  your  own 
simame  of  More^  which  comes  cus  near  the  literal  sound  of  the 
word,  as  you  yourself  are  distant  from  the  signification  of  it ; 
and  that  in  aU  men's  judgments  is  vastly  wide." 

No  account  of  the  literature  of  this  county  could  be 
deemed  complete  without  it  included  the  name  of  Miles 
CovERDALE  (1488-1568),  who  was  not  a  Devonian,  but  held 
the  Bishopric  of  Exeter,  1551-3.  Although  a  voluminous 
author,  none  of  his  writings  are  attributed  to  him  during  the 
time  he  held  the  See.  Be  that  as  it  may,  every  church  in 
Devonshire  (as  throughout  England  generally)  was  supplied, 
in  1535,  with  a  copy  of  the  Bible  in  English,  the  work  of 
Coverdale;  and  in  1549,  with  one  of  the  translation  of 
Erasmus's  Paraphrase  of  the  New  Testament,  a  portion  of 
which  was  also  Goverdale's  work,  viz.,  the  dedication  to  the 
second  volume,  and  the  translation  of  the  epistles  to  the 
Romans,  Corinthians,  and  Galatians.^ 

Any  speculative  historian  would  certainly  include  in  a 
chapter  of  history  that  might  have  been,  the  projected 
marriage  of  Edward  Courtenay,  Earl  of  Devonshire 
(1526  ?-1556),  first  with  Mary  when  queen,  afterwards  with 
Elizabeth.^  He  was  imprisoned  at  the  age  of  twelve  with 
his  father,  when  the  latter  was  convicted  of  high  treason,  and 
was  not  released  until  the  year  1553,  when  Mary  came  to 
the  throne.  While  a  prisoner  he  translated  in  1548,  an 
Italian  work  by  Antonio  della  Paglia,  under  the  title  of  The 
Benefit  of  Christ's  Death,^  "It  was  deemed  to  be  an 
apology  for  the  reformed  doctrines,"  and  as  such  might  con- 
ciliate the  king  in  his  favour,  but  in  this  it  failed.  The  MS. 
is  preserved  in  the  Cambridge  University  Library,  and  con- 


DB.  brushfield's  pbbsidential  addbess.  43 

* 

tains  two  autographs  of  Edward  YI.  It  was  printed  for  the 
first  time  in  1858. 

Dr.  John  Morbman  (-1554),  bom  at  Southhole,  near 
Hartland,  was  Canon  of  Exeter,  and  by  Prince  is  recorded  as 
having  written  a  work  upon  St  Paul's  epistle  to  the 
Bomans,  that  was  intended  for  publication,  but  never 
printed.*^  While  Vicar  of  Menheniot  the  historian  Hooker 
was  instructed  by  him. 

On  the  authority  of  Wood  (L  195)  John  Morwen,  b.d. 
(/.  circ,  1550),  was  a  Devonian.  He  was  celebrated  as  a  learned 
Greek  scholar,  and  an  instructor  of  Bishop  Jewel,  although 
afterwards  "  a  hater  of  his  opinions."  He  translated  from 
the  Greek  into  Latin  many  Greek  poems  and  lives  of  saints, 
and  composed  a  few  epitapha  Some  of  his  MSS.  are  in  the 
Bodleian  library,  but  none  appear  to  have  been  printed. 

A  native  of  Kingsbridge,  David  Tolley  or  Talley  (1500  ? 
-1552?),  also  Tavelegus  and  TAULiEUS,  published  at 
Antwerp  in  1547,  a  Greek  grammar,  entitled  ProgymncLsmata 
GrcBce  Orammatices,  written,  according  to  the  author,  eight 
years  previously,  ''as  well  as  a  Latin  grammar  already 
printed."  He  is  recorded  to  have  compiled  the  former  for 
the  use  of  Prince  Edward,  but  whether  so  or  not  is  unknown. 
It  may  have  been  founded  on  the  circumstance  that  the  copy 
in  the  British  Museum,  printed  on  vellum,  and  with  the 
title-page  and  initial  letters  illuminated,  has  the  autograph  of 
Edw.  VL  on  the  back  of  the  title-page,  in  all  probability 
a  presentation  copy.  Pits  (738-9)  mentions  three  other 
works  of  his,  including  Orammaticam  regiam  (which  may 
have  been  the  Latin  grammar),  but  nothing  of  tiiem  is  now 
known  but  the  tities. 

Our  information  that  Hugh  Ehodes  (Jl,  circ,  1550)  was  a 
native  of  this  county,  is  derived  from  a  statement  in  his 
work.  The  boke  of  Nurture,  or  Schoole  of  good  rnaners :  for 
mtfiy  seruants,  and  children,  published  some  time  before 
1554.^  It  is  written  parfly  in  prose  and  partly  in  verse, 
and  concludes  thus:  "Compyled  by  Hugh  Ehodes  of  the 
Einges  Chappell"  (where  he  was  probably  master  of  the 
choristers).  In  the  opening  lines  of  the  metrical  portion 
(9-12)  he  describes  himself — 

**  Corrupt  in  speeche,  be  sore,  am  I, 
my  oreefes  from  loDges  to  know, 
And  born  and  bred  in  Deuonshyre  to 
as  playne  my  tearmes  doe  show." 

A  careful  examination  of  the  work  fails  to  prove  that  his 

D  2 


44  DR.  bkushfield's  presidential  address. 

t 

"  tearmes  "  were  specially  those  peculiar  to  Devonshire,  and 
this  is  Mr.  Elworthy's  opinion.** 

Apart  from  the  general  advice  and  directions  for  the 
tuition  of  those  to  whom  it  is  addressed,  it  contains  many 
quaint  sayings,  proverbs,  &c.  Here  is  an  example  of  a  well- 
known  proverb,  with  a  singular  variant  of  it 

*' A  byrde  is  better  in  thy  hande, 
then  in  Wood  two  or  three. " 


"A  byrd  in  hand,  as  some  men  say, 
is  worth  ten  flye  at  large." 

(E.E.T.S.  91,  98.)** 

On  the  authority  of  Warton  (iv.  146),  who  must  have 
seen  a  copy,  Bhodes  wrote  a  poem  of  360  octavo  stanzas, 
printed  by  John  Cawood  in  1555,  and  entitled  "  The  Song  of 
the  Chyld-bysshop,  as  it  w£U3  songe  before  the  queenes 
maiestie  in  her  priuie  chamber  at  her  manour  of  saynt  James 
in  the  GTeeldes  on  saynt  Nicholas  day  and  Innocents  day  this 
yeare  nowe  present,  by  the  chylde  bysshope  of  Poules  churche 
with  his  company."  London.  1555. 

This  was  evidently  a  revival  of  the  festival  of  the  boy- 
bishop.**  According  to  Warton  it  was  "a  fulsome  pane- 
gyric on  the  queen's  devotion."  But  "  courtly  adulation  "  of 
the  reigning  sovereign  was  a  common  proceeding,  and  even 
Elizabeth  received  many  high-flown  compliments. 

The  amount  of  literature  relating  to  the  Great  Bebellion 
of  the  West  in  1549,  is  remarkably  smalL  The  result  of  the 
examination  of  a  large  number  of  historical  tracts  made  by 
Mr.  Davidson  (as  recorded  in  his  Bibl.  Devon,  61),  resulted  in 
the  discovery  of  four  only.  Of  these,  two  are  royal  procla- 
mations, dated  respectively  July  11th  and  12th.  The  third, 
A  Message  sent  by  the  Kynges  Maiestiej  to  certain  of  his  people, 
assembled  in  Deuonshire,  dated  the  8th  of  July,  and  printed 
by  Richard  Grcrfton.  And  the  fourth,  A  Copye  of  a  letter 
contayning  certayne  newes,  and  the  articles  and  reqtiestes  of 
the  Devonshyre  and  Corny  she  rebelles,  B.L.  (1549),  dated  "  from 
a  village,  nygh  Sainct  Mary  Otery,  the  xxvij  of  Julii"  Then 
follow  "  The  articles,"  signed  by  five  "  Chief  Captaynes,"  and 
"the  foure  Gouernours  of  the  Campes,"  the  names  of  the 
latter  being  "Jhon  Thompson,  Priest,  Henry  Bray  Mayer 
of  Bodman,  Henry  Lee  Mayer  of  Torriton,  Roger  Barret 
Prieste."  All  four  are  exceedingly  rare.  Copies  of  the 
proclamations  are  in  the  British  Museum ;  of  the  Message, 
in  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge;    and  of   the  Letter,  in 


DB.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  45 

Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford.  The  two  latter  are  also 
in  the  library  of  the  Hon.  Mark  Eolle  at  Stevenstone,  who 
has  kindly  permitted  the  author  to  examine  them. 

We  may  close  our  notice  of  this  period,  with  a  brief 
account  of  the  early  history  of  the  art  and  craft  of  printing 
in  this  county.  The  earliest  notice  of  a  printing  press  in 
Devonshire  yet  recorded,  is  in  the  year  1525,  nearly  fifty 
years  after  its  introduction  into  England  by  Caxton,  and 
employed  at  the  great  Benedictine  monastery  at  Tavistock.^ 
The  proof  of  this  is,  that  copies  of  two  works  printed  there 
are  still  preserved.  The  first  is  a  translation,  made  in  1410 
by  John  Walton,  Canon  of  Osney,  of  De  consolatione  phUo- 
Sophie,  by  Boethius,*^  under  the  title  of  The  Boke  of  Comfort, 
and  with  this  colophon  at  the  end :  **  Emprented  in  the 
exempt  monastery  of  Tauestok  in  Densh}rre.  By  me  Dan 
Rychard  monke  of  the  sayd  Monastery.  To  the  instant 
desyre  of  the  ryght  worshjrpful  Esquyer  Mayster  Eobert 
Langdon,  Anno  D*MD  xxv.  Deo  Graicas."*® 

The  second  is,  T?ie  Confirmation  of  the  Charter  perteynynge 
to  all  the  tynners  wythyn  the  contey  of  Deuonshire,  printed 
there  in  1534.**  According  to  Timperly  {Hist,  of  Printing, 
234)  "  a  book  called  the  Long  Grammar "  was  issued  from 
the  same  press,  "  but  no  copy  of  it  has  been  found/' 

The  next  authentic  date  obtainable,  is  from  a  return  made 
in  the  year  1571,  of  provincial  printers,  to  the  Stationers' 
Company,  and  among  the  number  is  "Henry  Bolte  in 
Exeter."  We  gather  from  the  entry  that  he  had  probably 
been  established  there  some  years  earlier.^ 

The  earliest  book  at  present  known  to  have  been  printed 
in  Exeter,  is  Fuller's  Good  Thoughts  in  Bad  Tim£s,  "  Exeter 
Printed  for  Thomas  Hunt  1645,"  and  thus  recorded  in  the 
Author's  Dedicatory  Epistle:  "Accept  these  grapes,  if  not 
for  their  Goodnefse,  for  their  Novelty :  though  not  sweetest 
rellisht,  they  are  soonest  ripe,  being  the  First  Fruits  of 
Exeter  prefse."  In  Plvmouth  the  first  printing  press  was  set 
up  in  1696.  (Worth,  History  ofPlym/mth  (1890)  464.) 


Fifth  Period,  1558-1640. 

From  whatever  point  it  may  be  viewed,  the  period  extending 
from  the  accession  of  Elizabeth  to  the  meeting  of  the  Long 
Parliament,  is  the  most  important — certainly  from  a  literary 
point  of  view — in  the  history  of  England.  A  new  phase  of 
English  life,  a  phase  marked  by  intensity  of  feeling  and 


46  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

determined  action,  now  commenced,  which,  fiom  various 
causes,  had  been  kept  in  subjection  during  the  previous 
reigns.  Men  appeared  for  the  iBrst  time  to  speak  and  to 
write  freely,  from  the  sudden  removal  of  restraint  Owing 
to  the  rapid  increase  in  the  number  of  authors,  it  is  deemed 
preferable  to  group  them  in  classes,  under  the  head  of  sub- 
jects. The  first  to  treat  of  is  that  relating  to  Religious 
Matters;  and  the  alterations  in  the  forms  of  religion  soon 
created  a  number  of  polemical  writers.  The  man  above  all 
others,  who  may  be  said  to  have  kindled  the  flame  of 
religious  controversy,  was  John  Jewel  (1522-1571),  a  native 
of  Berrynarbor,  termed  by  Camden  "the  wonder  of  his 
age  for  Divinity,  and  a  strenuous  defender  of  the  Eeformed 
Eeligion."  A  Protestant  exile  in  the  reign  of  Mary,  he 
returned  to  England  in  the  first  year  of  Elizabeth,  and  in 
the  same  year  was  nominated  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  Sermons 
delivered  by  him  at  Paul's  Cross,  in  which  he  uttered  a 
challenge  to  the  Somish  party,  were  published  in  1560 ;  and 
two  years  afterwards  appecu^  his  Apologia  pro  EccUsia 
Anglicana,  It  was  written  in  Latin,  "  as  it  was  intended  for 
circulation  on  the  Continent,  where  Elizabeth's  proceedings 
had  been  systematically  misrepresented."^^  It  is  "the 
first  methodical  statement  of  the  position  of  the  Church  of 
England  against  the  Church  of  Borne,  and  forms  the  ground- 
work of  all  subsequent  controversy."^*  From  this  time 
to  the  year  of  his  death  (1571),  Jewel's  life  was  one 
of  active  literary  controversy.  Seven  members  of  the 
Bomish  Church  entered  the  lists  against  him,^^  only  one 
of  whom  needs  an  extended  notice,  but  he  was  the  most 
doughty  of  them  all.  Dr.  Thomas  Harding  (1516-1572), 
born  in  North  Devon  (at  Combe  Martin  or  Bickington), 
had  been  to  the  same  school  as  Jewel,  and  both  were 
members  of  the  same  University.  The  latter  fled  to  the 
Continent  on  the  accession  of  Mary,  and  returned  at  her 
death.  Under  Mary,  Harding  became  a  Boman  Catholic, 
and  when  she  died,  quitted  England  never  to  return. 

In  1564  Harding  published  An  Answere  to  Maister  Jvelles 
Challenge  of  1560,  and  in  the  following  year  A  Confutation 
of  Jewel's  Apology,  Those  were  followed  by  the  publication 
of  Jewel's  two  great  works,  A  Beplie  vnto  M.  Hardinga 
Answer  (1565),  and  A  Defence  of  the  Apologie  of  the  Church 
of  Englafid  (1567).  In  these  he  replied  to  the  whole  of 
Harding's  statements  paragraph  by  paragraph."  We  may 
form  a  faint  estimate  of  the  immense  amount  of  labour 
expended  in  their  composition  from  the  fact,  that  the  former 


DB.  BRUSH?ISU)*S  P&ESIDENTIAX  ADDRESS.  47 

extends  to  472,  and  the  latter  to  652,  closely-printed  pages 
(edit  of  1611),  exclusive  of  prefatory  and  other  matter. 
The  literary  dud  between  these  controversialists  (the  subjects 
of  which  "  involved  the  whole  of  the  Bomish  controversy ") 
continued  with  but  little  interruption  until  the  death  of 
Jewel  in  1571,  followed  by  that  of  his  adversary  in  the 
following  year.  Of  this  controversy  Hallam  (i  571)  asserts, 
**  in  length  and  learning  it  far  surpasses  our  earlier  polemical 
literature."  In  learning  and  general  abilities  they  were 
fairly  equal,  but  Harding  was  at  times  rather  scurrilous.^ 
The  two  last-named  works  of  Jewel  were  deemed  so  important 
by  Archbishop  Parker  and  others,  that  they  were  directed  to 
be  supplied  to  all  churches  in  the  kingdom  for  the  use  of 
the  public,  and  many  copies  are  still  preserved,  and  occasion- 
ally with  the  chains  that  secured  them  to  their  desks.  Bishop 
Jewel  wrote  many  other  works,  sermons,  commentaries,  &c., 
only  one  of  which  is  of  present  interest  In  March,  1570, 
was  published  by  Pius  V.,  "the  Bull  of  Excommunication 
and  Deposition  "  against  Elizabeth,  '*  which  had  been  secretly 
issued  in  the  preceding  year"  (Green,  ii.  38),  and  on  May 
15  following,  a  copy  of  it  '*was  found  nailed  against  the 
Bishop  of  London's  door."  (Froude,  x.  59)^  In  reply  to 
this,  Jewel  preached  a  sermon  in  Salisbury  Cathedral  (pub. 
in  1569),  entitled,  A  View  of  a  Seditious  Bull  sent  into 
Bngland  from  Pius  QuintuSj  Bishop  of  Rome.  His  love  of 
literature,  other  than  polemical,  he  manifested  in  many 
ways,  especially  in  the  erection  of  a  library  for  Salisbury 
Cathedral.  Fuller  thus  tersely  summed  up  his  labours: 
**  He  wrote  learnedly,  preached  painfully,  lived  piously,  died 
peaceably." 

In  addition  to  Dr.  Harding,  there  are  several  other  Eoman 
Catholic  authors  to  mention,  but  none  of  great  eminence. 

How  the  burning  religious  questions  of  the  day  divided 
members  of  the  same  family,  we  have  a  well-marked  example 
in  the  brothers  William  and  John  Sainolds  or  Beynolds, 
natives  of  Pinhoe,  and  "  zealous  maintainers  both  of  the 
Beform'd  and  the  Popish  Beligion  in  their  turns."  (Camden, 
Britannia  (1695),  40). «»  "Strengthened  by  each  other's 
arguments,"  exclaims  Wood,  "William  turned  a  zealous 
Catholic,  and  John  a  strong  Puritan."  (i.  613.)  William 
Bainolds  or  Beynolds  (-1594),  the  elder  brother,  translated 
the  works  of  Dr.  Harding  into  Latin,  "  but  for  want  of 
money  they  could  not  be  printed."  {Ibid,  i.  413.)  He  wrote 
several  controversial  works,  published  in  Paris  or  Antwerp, 
and  usually  under  the  name  of  Will.  Bossseus.    The  most 


48  DB.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PBESIDSNTIAL  ADDRESa 

noteworthy  (a  posthumous  one)  is  entitled  Caivino-ISircismtis 
(Antwerp,  1597),  in  which  he  "endeavours  to  prove  that 
Calvin's  religion  is  worse  in  condition,  and  less  probable  in 
reason,  than  that  of  the  Turks."  John  Bainolds  or 
Eeynolds,  d.d.  (1549-1607),  Dean  of  Lincoln,  is  designated 
by  Hallam  (i.  572)  "  the  most  eminently  learned  man  "  of 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  pillars 
of  Puritanism.  He  was  a  very  voluminous  writer,  and,  with 
one  notable  exception,  on  religious  subjects.  Many  of  his 
works  are  of  a  controversial  character,  his  best  known  being 
T?ie  Svmme  of  the  Conference  (1584)  between  him  and  John 
Hart,  a  Roman  Catholic  priest,  then  in  prison,  "  touching  the 
head  and  the  faith  of  the  Church."  (Ed.  of  1609, 675  pages) '^ 
His  JvdgmeTvt  concerning  Episcopacy  whether  it  be  Ood's 
Ordinance  (1598),  on  which  his  opinion  was  of  an  adverse 
character,  was  reprinted  many  years  later  (1641),  when  the 
subject  became  a  prominent  one  by  the  action  of  Archbishop 
Laud.^  Some  of  his  Sermons  were  in  series,  such  as  those 
on  The  Frophecie  of  Obadiah  (1613),  and  on  Haggai  (1649). 
At  the  Hampton  Court  Conference  in  1604,  between  the 
Puritans  and  the  English  Churchmen,  he  was  the  leading 
member  of  the  former.  It  led  to  a  new  translation  of  the 
Bible,  and  Bainolds  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  the 
translators. 

"  The  ornament  of  Douay  College,"  as  Dr.  Oliver  terms 
BoBERT  Turner  (-1599),  was  a  native  of  Barnstaple; 
became  a  priest  in  1574,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life 
abroad,  principally  at  the  University  of  Ingolstadt,  of  which 
he  was  first  a  professor,  and  afterwards  the  rector.  To  the 
English  student  he  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  a  work 
(under  the  pseudonym  of ''  Obertus  Barnstaplensis),  in  which 
he  attempted  to  vindicate  the  character  of  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots,  from  the  charge  of  being  accessory  to  the  murder  of 
her  husband.  Lord  Darnley,  and  in  it  she  is  termed  "  Martyr 
Ecclesise."  (1588).  This  is  thought  to  be  a  reply  to  a 
work  by  George  Buchanan,  published  16  years  before 
(1572),  relating  to  this  murder,  and  to  Mary's  relations  with 
Bothwell  ("foedo  cum  Botheulio  Adulterio  ").®  His  other 
works  (all  in  Latin),  comprising  Orations,  Commentaries, 
Letters,  and,  in  later  editions,  a  Narrative  of  the  Death  of 
Edward  Campion,  who  was  executed  for  treason  on  December 
1,  1581,  were  issued  in  a  collected  form  in  1584,  1599,  and 
1604.«> 

The  last  Boman  Catholic  to  mention,  Edward  Coffin  or 
Hatton  (1571-1626),  S.  J.,  was  a  native  of  Exeter,  and  the 


DB.  BRUSHFIELD's  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  49 

author  of  several  polemical  and  other  theological  works,  an 
account  of  the  death  of  Cardinal  Bellarmine,  and  a  transla- 
tion of  a  work  by  him  under  the  title  of  The  Art  of  Dying 
Well  (1621).  His  Treatise  in  Defence  of  the  Celibacy  of 
Priests  (1619)  was  answered  by  Dr.  Hall,  the  future  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  in  The  Honour  of  the  Married  Clergy  Maintained 
(1620.)^  In  1623  appeared  his  Marci  Antonii  de  Dominis 
Archiepiscopi  SpakUrensis  Palinodia^  qvd  reditils  sui  ex 
Anglid  rationes  explicat,  St.  Omer.®^  He  usually  wrote 
under  the  signature  of  C.  E. 

The  present  is  perhaps  the  most  fitting  place  to  notice 
John  Molle  (1557-1638),  born  in  South  Molton.  He  went 
with  Lord  Eoss  to  Eome  as  travelling  tutor,  and  died  in  the 
prison  of  the  Inquisition  there  after  a  detention  of  thirty 
years.  According  to  Fuller,  "  the  pretence  and  allegation  of 
his  long  and  strict  imprisonment  was  because  he  had  trans- 
lated Da  Plessis,  his  book  of  The  Visibility  of  the  Church  out 
of  French  into  English"  (Ch.  Hist.  bk.  x.  48-9.)  There  is  no 
record  of  its  publication.®*  In  the  opinion  of  the  Eev.  J.  Ingle 
Dredge,  he  also  translated  from  the  Latin  of  P.  Camerarius, 
The  Living  Librarie ;  or,  Meditations  and  Observations  His- 
torical, Natural,  Moral,  Political,  and  Poetical.  "  Done  into 
English  by  J.  Molle,  Esquire :  with  some  Additions  by  H. 
MoUe,  his  Sonne."  Fo.  1621,  1625.«  Another  copy  (1621) 
bears  the  title  of  The  Walking  Librarie. 

A  bitter  enemy  to,  and  writer  against,  the  Eoman  Catholics 
was  John  Gee  (1596-1639),son  of  John  Gee,  vicar  of  Dunsford. 
At  first  a  Protestant,  he  became  a  Eoman  Catholic,  and  was 
one  of  the  audience  at  the  "Fatal  Vespers"  in  Blackfriars 
on  October  26th,  1623,  when  so  many  were  killed.®*  He 
returned  to  Protestantism,  and  in  the  following  year  published 
The  Foot  out  of  the  Snare :  with  a  detection  of  sundry  late 
practices  and  impostures  of  the  Priests  and  Jesuites  in  Eng- 
land^  (1624),  the  title  .of  which  is  sufficiently  indicative 
of  the  character  of  its  contents.  Four  editions  were  issued 
in  that  year,  the  two  latter  having  the  addition  of  "  a  gentle 
excuse  unto  Master  Musket  for  stiling  him  Jesuite";  as  well 
as  a  supplementary  work,  New  Shreds  of  the  Old  Snare.  All 
these  are  now  exceedingly  rare,  having,  according  to  Wood 
(ii  391),  been  "  bought  up  by  Eoman  Catholics  before  they 
were  dispersed,  for  fear  their  lodgings,  and  so  consequently 
themselves,  should  be  found  out  and  discovered,"  owing  to 
the  catalogue  of  their  names  and  addresses  being  printed  at 
the  end  of  the  book.®*^  Judging  from  the  number  of 
editions,  his  most  popular  work  was  Steps  of  Ascension;  or,  A 


50  DB.  BRUSHFISLD'S  presidential  ADDRESa 

Ladder  to  Heaven ;  containing  Prayers  and  MeditcUians  for 
every  Bay  in  the  Week,  and  for  all  other  Times  and  Occasions 
(1625).  Wood  records  the  27th  edition  in  1677,  bnt  assigns 
the  authorship  erroneously  to  Edward  Gee  (1565-1618),  his 
uncle,  Hector  of  St.  Mary  Tedburn  (ii  260),  whose  sole 
claim  to  literature  consists  in  three  printed  sermons  (post- 
humous).^ 

Although  the  controversy  between  the  two  great  religious 
bodies  continued,  and  sometimes  with  great  virulence  when 
occasion  offered,  yet  there  were  signs  of  its  abating.  Not  so, 
however,  in  the  instance  of  Matthew  Sutcliffe,  ll.d. 
(1550  ?-1629),  Dean  of  Exeter  for  the  long  period  of  forty 
years.®^  He  was  the  author  of  many  disputatious  and 
other  religious  works,  and  wrote  with  determined  vigour 
against  the  Somish  Church,  and  especially  against  Cardinal 
Bellarmine,  and  Bobert  Parsons.  His  first  work,  A  Treatise 
of  Ecclesiastical  Discipline^  is  dated  1590.  He  retorted  on 
William  Eainolds'  Calvino  Turcismus,  already  referred  to,  by 
publishing  in  the  following  year  De  Turco-Fapismo  (1599), 
"  on  the  resemblance  between  Mahometanism  and  Popery/' 
A  volume  entitled  The  Fractice,  Proceedings,  and  Lawes  of 
Armes,  described  otU  of  the  doings  of  most  valiant  and  expert 
Captaines  (1593),  is  assigned  to  him,  but  its  character  is  so 
entirely  different  from  his  other  writings,  that  if  really  his,  it 
may  be  considered  as  having  been  a  literary  recreation,  in  the 
intervals  of  his  more  serious  studies.'^® 

Two  well-known  Bishops  of  Exeter  of  this  period,  well 
known  for  their  printed  works,  were  not  Devonians,  and 
added  but  little  to  our  county  literature  during  their 
respective  occupancy  of  the  See.  William  Alley,  d.d. 
(Bp.  of  Exeter,  1560-1570),  a  native  of  Buckinghamshire,  is 
best  known  as  the  author  of  The  Poore  Man's  Ltbrarie, 
written  prior  to  his  elevation  to  the  See.  He  however 
claims  our  notice  for  his  Judgment  concerning  the  doctrine 
and  discipline  of  the  Church  (1562)  ;^^  and  as  a  revisor 
of  the  Book  of  Deuteronomy  for  the  Bishops'  Bible,  printed 
in  1568.  Of  Gervase  Babington,  d.d.,^*  a  native  of  Notts, 
during  the  short  time  he  was  Bishop  of  Exeter  we  have  no 
work  to  record.  His  writings  were  very  popular,  especially 
those  on  the  Lord's  Prayer  and  on  the  Commandments,  and 
continued  so  up  to  the  time  of  the  Civil  War.  Although  several 
editions  of  each  were  published,  they  are  now  very  rare  and 
are  much  in  request,  but  all  (with  perhaps  one  exception) 
preceded  his  translation  to  Exeter. 

We  now  come  to  a  large  group  of  religious  works  written 


DR.  BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  51 

by  Protestant  clergymen,  and  as  a  rule  differing  in  character 
from  those  already  described.  They  consist  mainly  of 
sermons  (usually  of  undue  length),  and  of  religious  treatises ; 
written  for  the  most  part  by  those  who  derived  their 
inspiration  from  the  Genevan  School.  As  time  rolled  on, 
their  writings  became  of  a  more  pronounced  Puritan  type, 
both  in  their  contents  and  titles,  the  latter  often  marked  by 
painful  alliteration,  of  which  the  following  is  a  well-marked 
example : — Munition  against  Mans  Misery  and  Mortality  a 
Treaiice  containing  the  most  effectuall  remedies  against  the 
miserahU  staie  of  man  in  this  life.  By  "Eichard  Smyth 
preacher  of  Gods  word  in  Barnstaple  in  Devonshire."  2nd 
ed.,  Oxford,  1612 ;  3rd  ed.,  1634.  The  first  was  probably 
issued  on  "Januarie  1,  alias  Newyeares  day,"  of  1609. 
Of  Richard  Smyth  nothing  more  is  known. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  all  these 
writings,  and  names  of  the  authors  unnoticed  here  will  be 
found  in  Appendices  A  and  B.^^ 

A  thick  volume  of  the  theological  treatises  of  John 
DowNE,  B.D.  (1570  ?-1631),  Vicar  of  Instow,  was  published 
in  1633-5,  with  a  commendatory  letter  by  Bishop  Hall,  and 
his  funeral  sermon  by  Dr.  George  Hakewill,  "a  neere 
neighbour  and  deere  friend  vnto  him,''  containing  all  that  is 
known  of  his  history.  He  was  born  at  Holsworthy.  He 
is  reported  to  have  been  a  very  learned  man,  and  a  good 
linguist. 

Very  little  appears  tp  be  known  of  William  Est.  {fl,  circ. 
1600.)  He  was  instituted  Rector  of  Bideford  in  1592,  and 
his  printed  works  extend  to  the  year  1617.  All,  except  one, 
are  religious  treatises,  and  with  Puritanical  alliterative  titles, 
such  as  The  Mirror  of  Mercy  (1611),  Sathan's  Souring  Season 
(1611),  The  Bight  Rule  of  a  Religious  Life,  or  the  Olasse  of 
Godliness  (1616).  The  exception  is  a  translation  of  a  work 
by  B.  Pirkheimer  of  Nuremberg,  and  entitled  The  Praise  of 
the  Oout:  or  The  Gouts  Apology.  A  Paradox  both  pleasant 
atid  profiiaile.  (1617).^*  Probably  written  during  his  forced 
retirement  for  a  time,  owing  to  an  attack  of  that  malady. 
Nearly  all  his  works  are  dedicated  to  Sir  Bernard  Grenville. 

No  divine  of  this  county  is  better  known  by  name  than 
Samuel  Hieron  (1576  ?-1617),  who,  though  not  a  born 
Devonian,  we  claim  as  Vicar  of  Modbury  (1599-1617).^^ 
Although  Puritan  in  principle,  he  adhered  closely  to  the 
Church  of  England.  All  his  works  are  on  religious  subjects, 
a  few  of  them  being  controversial.  Their  popularity  was  well- 
marked.     Although  at  first  issued   separately,  they  were 


52  DB.  BRUSHFIELDS  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

subsequently  published  in  one  laige  folio  volume  in  1614, 
and  again  in  1620  (upwards  of  1300  pages)  and  1635. 
Of  his  Hdpe  vnto  Devotion^  the  Bev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge  gives 
particulars  of  twenty-two  editions  up  to  1650,  and  probeibly 
there  were  some  later  issues.  Penance  far  Sinne,  or  David^s 
PenUentiall  Psalme  opened,  was  perhaps  his  principal  work. 
He  was  the  author  of  A  Defence  of  the  Ministers  Reasons,  for 
Rcfosall  of  Svbscription  to  the  Booke  of  Common  prayer  and 
of  Covformitie  (1607-8),  published  anonymously.  It  was  a 
reply  to  several  writers  (divines)  on  the  subject.^* 

John  Carpenter  (-1621),  a  native  of  Cornwall,  was 
instituted  to  the  rectory  of  North  Leigh,  near  Honiton,  Sept 
23,  1587,  and  remained  there  till  his  death.  He  was  the 
author  of  The  Plaine  Mans  Spirituall  Plough  (1607),  and 
other  religious  treatises,  the  principal  one  being  Schelomo- 
nocham,  or  King  Solomen  his  Solace  (1606),  dedicated  to 
James  I.^^  "Two  godly  and  fruitfull  sermons"  entitled, 
Bemember  Lot's  Wife  (1588),  were,  singularly  enough, 
dedicated  to  Mary,  wife  of  Bishop  Woolton.  His  son, 
Nathan ael  Carpenter  (1589-1628?),  bom  at  Northleigh,^ 
one  of  the  leading  scientific  men  of  his  time,  is  recoided 
to  have  published  only  two  treatises  of  a  religious  nature, 
first  preached  at  Oxford  as  Sermons.  One  is  AchUophd,  or 
The  Picture  of  a  Wicked  Politician  (1627, 1659),  of  a  politico- 
religious  character,  and  very  popular,  as  Mr.  Dredge  notes  eight 
editions  of  it.  Eespecting  this  book,  W.  Prynne  makes  a 
singular  statement  in  his  Canterburies  Doome  (1646), "  wherein 
were  divers  passages  against  Arminianisme,  averring  it  to 
be  planted  among  us  by  Jesuiticall  PolititiaTis  to  undermine  our 
Religion  by  degrees,  and  covertly  to  introduce  Popery  it  self : 
which  Booke  was  presently  called  in,  and  all  the  passages 
against  Arminianisme  expunged  by  this  Bishop's  [Laud's] 
Agents,  which  done,  it  was  reprinted  at  London  without 
them  Anno  1629,  to  the  great  injury  both  of  the  truth  and 
Author :  as  was  attested  by  Mr,  Prynne  and  Michaell  Spark 
Senior,  and  evident  to  all  who  will  compare  these  two 
Editions  "  (166).  Wood  (ii  422)  quotes  from  Prynne,  "  as  a 
busy  body  saith."  The  other  is  Chorazin  and  Bethsaida's  Woe, 
or  waming-Peece,   (1633,  1640.) 

John  Chardon  or  Charldon  (-1601)  a  Devonian  bom, 
according  to  Wood  (i.  715),  Vicar  of  Heavitree  and  Bishop  of 
Down  and  Connor,  was  more  celebrated  as  a  preacher  than  a 
writer.  He  published  several  sermons,  and  translated  a  work 
by  Cornelius  Valerius,  under  the  title  of  The  Casket  of  Jewels, 
a  treatise  of  moral  philosophy. 


DR.  brusufield's  presidkntial  address.  53 

Two  thick  folios  of  Biblical  Commentaries  on  the  Proverbs 
of  SoUmum  (1638),  and  on  the  Booke  of  Ecdesiastes  (1639), 
comprised  the  whole  of  the  religions  works  of  Michael 
Jermin  (c.  1591-1659),  born  at  Knowston. 

A  very  learned  and  volnminous  writer  on  many  subjects 
was  John  Prideaux,  d.d.  (1578-1650),  born  at  Stowford, 
near  Ivybridge.  He  was  Bishop  of  Worcester  in  1641. 
Some  of  his  works  were  written  in  Latin.  Many  of  his 
sermons  were  published  during  his  lifetime,  but  his  other 
religious  treatises,  especially  those  of  a  controversial  nature, 
were  not  printed  until  after  his  death.*^* 

One  of  the  most  eminent  theological  writers  of  his  day  was 
George  Hakewill,  d.d.  (1578-1649),  a  native  of  Exeter. 
His  earliest  work,  written  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight,  was 
The  Vanitie  of  the  Hie  (1601,  1615,  1633),  and  is  remarkable 
Irom  the  incident  that  led  to  its  composition,  having  been 
penned  for  the  comfort  of  a  young  lady  who  became  blind 
from  small  pox.  Several  controversial  works,  sermons,  and 
religious  treatises  of  his  were  published,  but  several  of  his 
writings  were  never  printed,  much  to  be  regretted,  as  he  was 
a  most  able  writer.  Appointed  chaplain  to  Prince  Charles, 
he  wrote  Tfie  Aundent  JScclesiasticall  Practice  of  Confirmation 
(1613),  when  the  Prince  was  confirmed,  and  twelve  sermons 
preached  before  him  appeared  in  1621,  with  the  title  King 
David* s  Vow  for  Reformation  of  Himself e,  his  Family,  his 
Kingdome,  He  expressed  the  general  feeling  of  the  English 
people  in  his  Treatise  against  the  proposed  match  of  the  Prince 
with  the  Infanta  of  Spain,  which  led  to  his  banishment  from 
court.^  His  literary  fame  rests  on  his  Apologie  of  the 
Power  and  Providence  of  Ood  in  the  Chvemment  of  the  World. 
(1627.)  Although  of  folio  size,  two  other  editions  were  issued 
(1630,  1635)  with  much  additional  matter.^i  The  work 
not  only  displayed  his  great  learning  and  extensive  reading, 
but  was  far  in  advance  of  the  scientific  opinions  of  his  day; 
accordingly  it  led  to  some  "  Animadversions."  The  second 
portion  of  the  title  expressed  its  general  character:  "An 
Examination  and  Censvre  of  the  Common  Errovr  tovching 
Natvres  perpetuall  and  Universall  Decay."  He  refutes  this 
opinion,  and  so  far  from  decaying  shows  that  the  world  is  a 
progressive  one.  "  There  is,"  he  affirms,  "  both  in  wits  and 
Acts  as  in  all  things  besides,  a  kinde  of  circular  progresse  as- 
well  in  regard  of  places  as  times."  He  even  foreshadows 
the  great  fact  of  the  Correlation  of  Forces,  so  amply  demon- 
strated during  the  present  century,  by  the  labours  of  Faraday, 
Grove,  Tyndall,  and  others.®^     It  is  certainly  one  of  the 


54  DB.  brushfibld's  pbesidbnual  addbess. 

great  works  of  the  first  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
of  its  English  it  is  sufficient  to  state  that  it  "  helped  to  form 
Johnson's  styla"^ 

Historical  events,  local  or  general,  occurring  during  this 
period  formed  the  subject  of  many  Devonian  sermons.  The 
"Gunpowder  Plot"  of  1605  was  commemorated  in  this 
manner.  Under  the  title  of  "  The  Bvine  of  God's  Enemies," 
the  Vicar  of  Modbury,  S.  Hieron,  preached  one  on  the 
anniversary,  and  while  the  event  was  vivid  in  men's 
memories,  as,  although  undated,  it  must  have  been  delivered 
before  1617.  Another  headed  Iliggaion  and  Selah  (1621, 
1636),  was  preached  at  Oxfoi-d  by  Dr.  Prideaux,  when  Sector 
of  Exeter  Golleg&  While  two  works  relating  to  the  same 
plot  were  written  by  Dr.  Geo.  Hakewill.** 

The  occasion  of  another  of  especial  local  interest  is  thus 
alluded  to  by  F.  Godwin : — "  The  City  of  Excester  in  memory 
of  this  their  delivery  [by  the  royal  troops  during  the 
rebellion  of  1549]  hath  ever  sithence  with  an  anniversary 
solemnity  kept  the  sixt  of  August  holy."®*  One  of  the  com- 
memorative sermons  was  delivered  in  1594,  by  Johk 
Chardon  or  Charldon,  d.d.  (-1601),  a  Devonian  (already 
noticed).  Under  the  heading  of  Fvlfordo  et  FvlfordiB 
it  was  published  in  the  year  following,  and  presented 
to  Master  Thomas  Fulford  (to  whom  it  is  dedicated) 
and  his  wife  Ursula,  "as  a  simple  New-yeares  gift"  It 
is  curious  to  note  that  the  discourse  relates  mainly  to  the 
endowments  of  the  clei^gy.^  Prol^ably  a  sermon  continued 
to  be  delivered  annually  until  the  period  of  the  Civil 
War. 

During  the  episcopate  of  Bishop  Hall  "  a  dreadful  plague 
ravaged  Exeter,  and  the  prodigious  accumulation  of  dead 
bodies  in  St  Peter's  Close  (which  was  then,  and  had  been 
from  time  immemorial,  the  common  burial  place  of  the 
citizens)  threatened  the  most  alarming  consequences." 
Through  the  Bishop's  exertions  land  for  a  new  burial  ground 
"in  the  Friemhay,"  was  presented  by  the  Mayor  and 
Corporation,  "and  the  spot  was  walled  in,  at  the  joint 
expence  of  the  church  and  city."  (According  to  a  MS.  in 
the  Library  of  the  Devon  and  Exeter  Institution,  the  ground 
had  "  bin  long  vsed  by  the  fifullers,  with  racks  to  hang  theire 
cloth  in.")  The  Bishop  consecrated  it  on  Aug.  24, 1637,  and 
the  Sermon  he  preached  on  the  occasion  is  printed  in  his 
Works,  V.  (426-442).8' 

On  the  discovery  of  the  Babington  Conspiracy  in  1586, 
John  Bainolds  preached  a  thanksgiving  Sermon  "to  the 


DR.  bru^hfield's  presidentul  address.  55 

public  assembly  of  Scholars  in  the  University  of  Oxon./' 
pub.  in  1586  and  1613. 

In  all  departments  of  literature  writers  will  be  found 
who  delight  in  subjects  out  of  the  ordinary  track.  Of 
these  we  have  two  examples. 

The  first,  William  Tooker,  d.d.  (-1620),  a  native  of 
Exeter,  Canon  of  Exeter,  and  Dean  of  Lichfield,  wrote  a 
Latin  work  on  Touching  for  King*$  Evil  (1597),  praised  by 
Wood  and  Fuller  \^  one,  entitled  Of  the  Fahrique  of  the 
Church  and  Church-mens  Livings  (1604),  fully  one-half  of 
which  is  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  pluralities ;  and  a 
third,  in  Latin,  SingtUare  Certamen  cum  Martina  Becano 
Jesuita,  &c.  (1611)  in  which  "he  learnedly  vindicates 
E.  James  I.  in  his  Apology  for  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,"  &c. 
(Prince,  736.)  The  other,  John  Reynolds  (/.  1620),  bom  in 
Exeter,  and  a  merchant  there,  was  the  author  of  The  Triumphs 
of  Gods  Revenge  against  the  crying  and  execraile  sinne  of 
WUfuU  and  Premeditated  Murther.  (1621.)  A  very  popular 
work,  and  passed  through  many  editions.  The  second 
(1635)  was  considerably  enlarged,  by  the  addition  of  "  Thirtie 
severall  Tragicall  Histories."®*  To  the  6th  (1679)  was 
added,  "Eevenge  against  Adultery."  Wood  aflBrms  the 
"  Histories  "  to  be  ''  mostly  taken  from  French  printed  copies, 
which''  the  author  "had  gathered  in  his  travels  into 
Prance."  (ii  149.)  But  this  Reynolds,  in  his  "  Readvertise- 
ment  to  the  Judicious  Christian  Reader"  (1635)  vehemently 
denies,  whether  in  regard  to  "  Matter,  Mfinner,  or  Method,  or 
Phrase,  Place,  or  Persons,"  and  declares  he  "  composed  and 
penned  them  according  to  the  rule  of "  his  "  weak  Fancie 
and  Capacity."  It  is  singular  however  that  all  are  of 
foreign  examples.  He  was  also  the  author  of  The  Flower 
of  Fidelity  (1650),  a  romance  containing  some  poetical 
pieces.  Some  Translations  from  the  French  have  been 
credited  to  him.®® 

One  of  the  most  luminous  as  well  as  voluminous  writers 
of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  was  Joseph  Hall  (1574^1656), 
**  the  Christian  Seneca,"  as  he  has  been  termed.  A  native 
of  Leicestershire,  he  became  Bishop  of  Exeter  Dec.  23, 1627, 
and  remained  in  that  see  until  his  translation  to  Norwich  in 
Nov.  16,  1641,  a  period  of  much  trouble  to  the  English 
Church.*^  Although  he  wrote  many  Commentaries,  Sermons, 
and  politico -religious  treatises,  after  he  became  a  Bishop, 
the  bulk  of  his  literary  labors  belongs  to  his  previous  life. 

One  of  his  most  charming  Exeter  works  is  entitled 
OoMsiional  Meditations.  (1634.)     It  consists  of  140  short 


56  DR.  brushfield's  presidsmtial  address. 

articles  in  Latin,  with  an  English  translation  to  each,  of 
a  very  miscellaneous  character,  and  anything  that  struck 
him  during  his  daily  life  he  appears  to  have  jotted  down. 
Here  are  some  of  the  titles : — "  On  the  sight  of  a  dial," 
"On  the  ourfd  of  a  cracked  bell,"  "On  a  red  cross  on  a 
door,"  a  sign  of  a  plague-afflicted  house,  probably  often  seen 
by  1dm.  This  is  the  commencement  of  a  short  article,  "  On 
the  sight  of  a  great  library  " : — "  What  a  world  of  wit  is 
here  packed  up  together !  I  know  not,  whether  this  sight 
doth  more  dismay,  or  comfort  me :  it  dismays  me,  to  think  that 
here  is  so  much,  that  I  cannot  know  ;  it  comforts  me,  to 
think  that  this  variety  yields  so  good  helps,  to  know  what  I 
should.  There  is  no  truer  word  than  that  of  Solomon ; 
'There  is  no  end  of  making  many  books.*  This  sight 
verifies  it.  There  is  no  end :  indeed,  it  were  pity  there 
should."  {Works,  vi.  165-6.)  Then  follows,  as  in  all 
the  rest,  some  religious  meditations  on  the  subject,  couched 
in  most  beautiful  and  trite  language.®^ 

Another  Exeter  work  is  a  large  folio  issued  in  1633,  a 
Paraphrase  on  all  the  hard  Texts  from  Genesis  to  Mevelation^ 
which  testifies  to  his  eminent  abilities  as  a  Biblical  commen- 
tator. One  of  his  controversial  volumes  is  called  The  Old 
Meligion:  a  Treatise  wherein  is  laid  dovme  the  true  state  of 
the  difference  betvrixt  the  Reformed  and  Roman  Church  &e. 
(1628,  1633.)  While  never  avoiding  controversy,  the  tone 
he  adopted  was  more  peaceful  in  character  than  that  of 
previous  writers.  He  was  ever  ready  to  defend  his  Church 
in  the  pulpit  and  by  his  pen,  and  this  ultimately  brought 
him  into  collision  with  the  Parliament  Being  a  moderate 
Puritan,  he  was  not  favored  by  Laud,  who,  however,  directed 
him  to  write  the  politico -religious  essay,  JEpiscopactf  by 
Divine  right  asserted^  but  Laud  altered  much  of  it  before  it 
was  printed  in  1640,  and  as  Hall  was  regarded  as  the  tool  of 
the  latter,  it  led  to  both  of  them  incurring  the  ill  will  of  the 
Puritan  party.  It  was  probably  one  of  the  events  that  led  to 
and  culminated  in  the  execution  of  the  former  on  January 
10th,  1645.  Hall  subsequently  published  An  Humble  Remon- 
strance to  the  High  Court  of  Parliament,  by  a  dutiful  son  of 
the  Church  (1640),  wherein  he  warmly  defended  Episcopacy 
as  of  "  Divine  institution,"  and  upheld  the  English  Liturgy. 
This  led  to  an  active  controversy  between  him  and  a  section  of 
the  Puritans  under  the  uneuphonious  name  of  Smectymnus,** 
memorable  for  the  prominent  part  that  Milton  subsequently 
took  in  it.  Between  1640  and  1642,  thirteen  different  works 
appeared,  of  which  three  or  four  were  by  Hall  and  five  by 


DR.   BRUSHFIKLD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  57 

Milton,  whose  first  dated  treatise  (1641)  is  of  interest  for 
being  amongst  the  earliest  of  his  prose  works.^ 

The  last  of  the  religious  writers  to  notice,  the  one  who 
towers  above  all  others  of  this  burning  period,  and  who 
obtained  and  still  retains  the  respect  of  all  sects  and  classes 
(''the  first  really  great  name  in  English  theology  since  the 
Seformation/'  affirmed  Mr.  Gladstone  in  The  Romanes  Lecture^ 
1892),  is  Richard  Hooker  (1554  ?-1600),  the  nephew  of  John 
Hooker,  the  Exeter  historiaD,  born  at  Heavitree,  and  whom 
Hallam  (ii  200)  designates  *'  the  finest  as  well  as  the  most 
philosophical  writer  of  the  Elizabethan  period."  His  literary 
life  is  all  that  concerns  us  here,  and  though  some  of  his 
sermons  and  other  theological  works  have  been  published, 
his  JSceUsiastical  Polity  is  the  only  one  needing  our  attention, 
and  is  that  on  which  rests  his  great  literary  fame. 

Passing  over  the  details  of  his  early  life,  we  find  him 
appointed  Master  of  the  Temple  in  1585,  where  he  officiated 
at  the  morning  services,  his  sermons  being  those  of  a 
moderate  Churchman.  In  the  afternoons,  Walter  Travers,  an 
unsuccessful  Candidate  for  the  Mastership,  continued  to 
lecture,  and  as  he  was  an  advanced  Puritan,  we  are  not 
surprised  at  Fuller's  remark,  that  "the  Pulpit  spake  pure 
Canterbury  in  the  Morning,  and  Geneva  in  the  Afternoon." 
(i  264.)  Travers  was  ultimately  silenced,  but  the  con- 
troversy had  the  eflFect  of  inducing  Hooker  to  write  a  work 
that  should  "  supply  the  Elizabethan  settlement  of  English 
ecclesiastical  government  with  a  philosophical  and  logical 
basis."  {Diet.  Nat  Biog,  xxvii.  293.)  Weary  of  personal  con- 
troversy, and  convinced  that  he  was  unable  to  prosecute  his 
studies  at  the  Temple,  he  applied  to  the  Archbishop  to 
remove  him,  and  in  his  letter  to  him — an  evidence  of  his 
charitable  and  peace-loving  character-^he  remarks,  "  I  am 
weary  of  the  noise  and  oppositions  of  this  place,  and  indeed 
God  and  Nature  did  not  intend  me  for  contentions,  but  for 
study  and  quietness.  .  .  .  I  .  .  .  have  begun  a  Treatise,  in 
which  I  intend  the  satisfaction  of  others,  by  a  demonstration 
of  the  reasonableness  of  our  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Polity ; 
and  therein  laid  a  hopeful  foundation  for  the  Church's  peace 
.  .  .  but  ...  I  shall  never  be  able  to  finish  what  I  have 
begun,  unless  I  be  removed  into  some  quiet  country 
parsonage,  where  I  may  see  Grod's  blessing  spring  out  of 
my  mother  earth,  and  eat  mine  own  bread  in  peace  and 
privacy.^'^  His  request  was  complied  with,  and  he  was 
presented  with  the  rectory  of  Boscombe,  Wilts,  in  1591,  and 
there  completed  and  published  the  first  four  books  ol  \i\a 

VOL.   XXV.  E 


58  DR.  beushfield's  presidential  address. 

great  work.  In  1595  he  was  translated  to  Bishopsboume,  in 
Kent,  where  he  died  in  1600.  A  fifth  book  was  published  in 
1597»  and  the  remaining  three  after  bis  death.  The  doubts 
as  to  his  authorship  of  the  latter  appear  to  be  due  to  the 
lack  of  careful  revision  by  him,  such  as  the  former  received. 

Hooker's  Ecdmastical  Polity  is  a  learned  and  elaborate 
philosophical  defence  of  the  Church  of  England,  and,  states 
Buckle,  "is  still  considered  one  of  the  bulwarks  of  our 
national  church."  In  it  he  shows  that  *'  a  divine  order  exists 
not  in  written  revelation  only,"  according  to  the  Puritan 
system,  '*  but  in  the  moral  relations,  the  historical  develop- 
ment, and  the  social  and  political  institutions  of  men.^ 
(Green,  iii.  30.)  An  epitome  of  its  contents  is  simply 
impossible  in  this  Address.  Some  of  its  characteristics  are 
its  humble,  unaffected  piety ;  its  charity  (as  in  his  pulpit), 
speaking  kindly  of  those  who  differed  from  him;  its  plain 
but  forcible  language ;  its  "  grandeur  and  stateliness  of  style 
which  raised  him  to  the  highest  rank  among  English  prose 
writers " ;  its  truthfulness  and  purity.  One  example  of  his 
style  may  be  cited — the  opening  passage  of  his  work,  "  He 
that  goeth  about  to  persuade  a  MiUtitude,  that  they  are  not 
so  well  governed  as  they  ought  to  be,  shall  never  want 
attentive  and  favourable  hearers;  because  they  know  the 
manifold  defects  whereunto  every  kind  of  Begiment  is 
subject ;  but  the  secret  lets  and  difficulties,  which  in  publick 
proceedings  are  innumerable  and  inevitable,  they  have  not 
ordinarily  the  judgment  to  consider.''  Many  a  modern 
politician  might,  if  he  would,  learn  wisdom  from  Hooker. 
He  died  almost  with  pen  in  hand,  with  the  satisfaction  of 
feeling  that  he  had  lived  to  complete  his  great  literary  task. 
In  several  respects  his  closing  scene  has  a  parallel  in 
that  of  another  great  English  theological  writer,  the  Venerable 
Bede,  many  centuries  before,  as  related  by  his  disciple 
Cuthbert 

He  must  ever  be  regarded,  records  M.  Taine,  "  not  only  as 
one  of  the  fathers  of  the  English  Church,  but  as  one  of  the 
founders  of  English  prose"  {Hist,  of  Eng,  Lit,  ii.  190);  and, 
we  may  add,  as  a  great  and  good  man,  faithful  in  the 
discharge  of  a  great  duty,  and  one  of  the  worthiest  of  the 
sons  of  Devon.^ 

Turning  from  Beligious  Literature  to  that  of  Poetry,  we 
shall  find  that  Devonshire  had  during  this  period  few  poets, 
but  many  versifiers.®^  Some  of  the  latter  were  more 
celebrated  in  other  fields  of  literature,  e,g,,  N.  Carpenter, 


DB.  beushfield's  pbesidential  address.  69 

J.  DowKB,  W.  Kempe.*  Even  good  Samuel  Hieron  must 
be  classed  as  a  versifier,  and  not  as  a  poet,  as  will  be  apparent 
from  the  following  example,  taken  from  his  Answer  to  a 
Popish  rhyme,  Lately  sccUtered  abroad  in  the  West  parts,  &c 
(1624) : 

"To  draw  Disciples  is  no  marke, 
For  so  doth  many  a  famed  Clarke, 
The  Church  to  truth  which  doth  connert, 
We  doe  embrace  with  all  our  heart." 

The  Rev.  T.  Brice  (-1570),  claimed  by  Mr.  Chanter  as  a 
native  of  this  county,  published  in  1559,  The  Register  of  ail 
them  that  were  burned,  1553-1558,®®  in  seventy-six  six-line 
stanzas. 

'*  The  dead  season  of  poetry  "  lasted  from  Chaucer  to  the 
middle  of  the  16th  century.  Its  resuscitation  dates  from 
1557,  when  a  publisher  named  Tottel  issued  a  Miscellany, 
containing  a  collection  of  *'  Songs  and  Sonettes,"  printed  for 
the  first  time,  and  the  issue  of  eight  editions  of  the  work  in 
ten  years,  shows  the  great  success  it  met  with.  Sonnets  in 
English  had  never  before  appeared  in  England.  They  were 
the  work  of  gentlemen  who  wrote  for  their  own  pleasure,  and 
circulated  their  MSS.  among  those  of  their  own  circle, 
without  any  thought  of  publication.  Most  of  the  writers 
are  unknown,  but  two  of  the  principal  contributors  to  the 
Miscellany  were  the  Earl  of  Surrey  and  Sir  T.  Wyatt,  the 
introducers  of  the  sonnet  into  England  from  Italy.^^  It 
speedily  became  naturalised  in  this  country,  and  the  first  to 
use  it  in  Devonshire,  and,  as  far  as  we  know,  the  earliest  poet 
of  this  period  belonging  to  our  county  was  Sir  Walter 
Ealegh^oi  (1552-1618),  born  in  East  Budleigh  parish, 
whose  earliest  known  literary  piece  is  an  eighteen-line  stanza 
by  *^  Walter  Baweley  of  the  middle  Temple,  in  commendation 
of  the  Steele  Glas ''  of  his  friend,  George  Gascoigne,  published 
in  1576,  and  commencing — 

"Swete  were  the  sauce,  would  please  ech  kind  of  tast."^^ 

It  is  remarkable  tha,t  although  only  in  his  twenty-fourth 
year,  he  should  have  penned  the  following  couplet  in  it, 
doomed  in  his  case  to  be  prophetic — 

"For  who  so  reapes,  renoune  aboue  the  rest. 
With  heapes  oi  hate,  shal  surely  be  opprest'' 

We  have  evidence  that  he  could  and  did  essay  several 
kinds  of  poetry.  Of  the  pastoral  form  we  have  the  beautiful 
reply  to  Kit  Marlowe's  "  Come  live  with  me  and  be  my  love," 
and  both  pieces  must  be  well  known  to  the  leBudei^  oi 

E  2 


60  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

Walton's  Complete  Angler,  "  His  reply  to  Marlowe,"  remarks 
the  Bev.  S.  Hannah,  "remains  even  yet  unrivalled  as  the 
retort  of  polished  common-sense  to  the  conventionaUties  of 
pastoral  poetry."  (Courtly  Poets  (1870),  xx.)  Here  is  the 
first  verse — 

''If  all  the  world  and  love  were  young, 
And  truth  in  every  shepherd's  tongue, 
These  pretty  pleasures  miffht  me  move 
To  live  with  tnee  and  be  Siy  love."*" 

To  him  poetry  was  a  recreation,  the  offspring  of  an  idle 
hour,  and  he  never  appears  to  have  taken  any  trouble  to 
preserve  it.^^  With  few  exceptions,  it  is  characterized  by 
an  absence  of  joyousness  and  vivacity,  and  the  presence  of  a 
vein  of  melancholy.  These  features  of  it  increased  after  the 
death  of  Elizabeth,  when  it  became  semi-religious  and  some- 
times satirical.  A  man's  life  is  often  reflected  in  his  poetical 
writings,  and  so  it  was  with  Ralegh.  One  important  feature, 
alike  in  his  prose  compositions,  is  the  absence  of  coarseness 
and  scurrility .^^ 

Leigh  Hunt  affirmed  Ralegh  to  be  "  a  genuine  poet,"  and 
to  have  written  "one  of  the  noblest  sonnets  in  the  language," 
the  one  entitled  "  A  vision  vpon  this  Conceipt  of  the  Faery 
Queene,"  printed  among  the  commendatory  verses  in  the 
first  edition  (1590)  of  Spenser's  great  poem.     It  commences 

"  Methought  I  saw  the  graue  where  Laura  lay  '* ; 

and  is  regarded  by  Dr.  Grosart  as  "  perhaps  the  greatest  of 
tributes  ever  paid  by  one  great  man  to  another.^^ 

A  poem  written  during  one  of  his  early  imprisonments  in 
the  Tower,  and  known  as  "  The  Lie  " — equally  well  known 
from  its  first  line,  "  Go,  soul,  the  body's  guest " — is  stated  by 
Kingsley  to  be  "one  of  the  saddest  of  poems  with  its 
melodious  contempt  and  life  weariness."  Another  of  his 
prison  writings,  "  The  Pilgrimage,"  is  usually  assigned  to 
1603,  the  first  year  of  his  imprisonment  under  James  L 
Edmund  Gosse  declares  it  to  be  "  the  most  extraordinary  and 
most  brilliant  of  his  poems."     It  commences  thus — 

"  Give  me  my  scallop-shell  of  quiet, 

My  stafif  of  faith  to  walk  upon, 
My  scrip  of  joy  immortal  diet, 

My  bottle  of  salvation, 
My  gown  of  glory,  hope's  true  gage  ; 
And  thus  1 11  take  my  pilgrimage." 

The  well-known  lines  usually  termed  his  "  Epitaph,"  from 
having  been  found  in  his  Bible  on  the  day  of  his  execution, 
and  thought  to  have  been  written  at  that  period,  were 


DB.   BRUSHHELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  61 

discovered  a  few  years  since  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Bollen,  to  have 
formed,  all  but  the  last  couplet,  a  portion  of  an  amatory 
poem,  and  probably  this  addition  was  made  on  the  above 
occasion ;  an  addition  that  will  be  found  to  give  a  different 
complexion  to  the  whole  composition.^^^ 

The  most  memorable  event  in  the  literary  life  of  Balegh, 
was,  when  an  exile  from  Court,  his  visit  to  Spenser  in  1589. 
The  latter  has  related  in  his  "Colin  Clout's  come  home 
again,"  how  that  Balegh 

**  tooke  in  bond 
My  pipe  before  that  emuled  of  many. 
And  plaid  thereon  ;  (for  weU  that  skill  he  cond) 
Himselfe  as  skilfull  in  that  art  as  any." 

Spenser  read  to  him  all  that  he  had  penned  of  his  Faery 
Queen,  and  Salegh  in  turn  read  a  poem  of  his  own 
composed  shortly  before. 

**  His  song  was  all  a  lamentable  lay 
Of  great  vnkindnesse,  and  of  vsage  hard, 
Of  Cynthia  the  ladie  of  the  sea, 
Which  from  her  presence  faultlesse  him  debard."'®* 

Cynthia  (Queen  Elizabeth)  is  the  title  of  Balegh's  poem, 
of  which  a  fragment  is  all  that  has  been  preserved.^^  As 
told  by  Spenser  and  Balegh's  biographers,  the  meeting  of  the 
poets  is  quite  idyllic. 

Balegh  recognised  the  great  merit  of  Spenser,  and 
induced  him  to  return  with  him  to  England,  where  he 
presented  him  to  the  Queen.  This  resulted  in  Spenser's 
great  pastoral  romance  being,  as  to  its  first  portion,  printed  in 
the  following  year  (1590),  prefaced  with  a  dedicatory  letter  to 
Balegh,  and  the  great  sonnet  of  the  latter.  It  was  the 
practical  admiration  of  one  poet  for  the  genius  and  greater 
talent  of  another.  Balegh's  part  in  all  this  has  received  but 
scant  acknowledgment. 

Until  the  present  century  Balegh  was  scarcely  recognised 
as  a  poet,  and  his  name  was  omitted  from  any  list  or 
collected  lives  of  them.  Sir  E.  Brydges  was  the  first  to 
attempt  a  collection  of  his  poetry,  and  printed  a  volume  of 
it  in  1813,  and  again  in  the  following  year.  Since  then  the 
Bev.  Dr.  Hannah,  in  1845  and  again  in  1870,  issued  a  revised 
collection. 

The  works  of  two  poets  of  this  period,  and  now  but 
little  known,  require  recognition.  The  first,  Humphrey 
GiFFOKD  (/.  1580),  a  native  of  Halsbury,  published,  in  1580, 
A  Posie  of  Gillojflowers,  ecJie  differing  from  other  in  colour 
and  odour,  yet  all  sweete,  embracing  both  prose  aixd  ipoeXrc^^ 


62  DR.  bbushfield's  presidential  address. 

the  fonner  consisting  mainly  of  translations  from  the  Italicm 
and  French :  the  latter  of  works  "  devotional,  moral,  and 
narrative."    The  following  is  an  example  of  his  poetry  : — 

"  A  woman's  faco  is  fall  of  wiles. 
Her  tears  are  like  the  crocodile : 
With  outward  cheer  on  thee  she  smiles. 
When  in  her  heart  she  thinks  thee  ill.^'M* 

The  other,  Willum  Strode,  d.d.  (arc  1600-1645),  bom 
at  Flympton,  was  the  immediate  predecessor  of  Herrick  as  a 
song-writer.  The  beautiful  example,  "Hence,  all  ye  vain 
delights,"  in  Fletcher's  play  of  The  Nice  Valour,  is  attributed 
to  him ;  and  according  to  Malone,  **  Milton  evidently  took 
the  hint  of  his  L* Allegro  and  Penseroso  from  it."^^^  Some 
of  his  pieces  were  set  to  music  by  Henry  Lawes. 

The  first  Devonshire  poet  whose  descriptions  are  wholly 
drawn  from  the  scenic  realities  of  his  native  county,  es-^ 
pecially  of  that  portion  "  Neere  Tavie's  stragling  spring,"  is 
William  Browne  (1591-1643),  of  Tavistock.  His  literary 
fame  rests  mainly  on  his  Britannia! s  Pastorals,  his  principal 
and  probably  earliest  work,  as  the  first  book  was  written 
before  he  was  20  years  of  age  ("not  twice  ten  sunnes";. 
It  consists  of  three  books,  sub-divided  into  sections  or 
"songs."  The  first  was  issued  about  1613,  the  second  in 
1616,  and  the  third,  shorter  than  the  others,  and  inferior  to 
them,  probably  from  lack  of  revision,  remained  in  MS.  until 
1852.^**  It  not  only  reveals  his  intense  admiration  for 
Spenser,  but  the  work  was  influenced  by,  and  in  many 
respects — more  particularly  as  to  the  setting — is  an  imitation 
of,  the  great  pastoral  epic  of  the  latter.  It  is  a  living  pano- 
rama of  rural  scenery,  not  peopled,  like  Spenser's,  with  fairies, 
knights,  and  fair  dames,  but  with  Devon  rustics  and  their 
love-making  and  folk-lore,  as  thus  indicated  by  him : 

"  My  Muse  for  lofty  pitches  shall  not  rome, 
But  homely  pipen  of  her  native  home.'' 

The  narrative  is  however  poor  and  uninteresting,  as  also 
are  his  characters ;  but  these  and  other  features  are  forgotten, 
writes  Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen,  "  when  he  sings  of  the  trim  hedge- 
rows and  garden  walks  of  his  native  Devon."  He  receives 
the  highest  praise  from  Leigh  Hunt  for  his  pastoral  writinga 

A  shorter  pastoral  of  his,  published  in  1614,  under  the 
title  of  Tlie  ShepJierd*s  Pipe,  is  celebrated  for  containing  in 
the  fourth  eclogue,  the  beautiful  monody  on  the  death  of 
Master  Thomas  Manwood,  affirmed  by  Hazlitt  to  be  one  of 
"the  most  remarkable  specimens  of  elegiac  verse  in  the 


DR.  BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRB8&  63 

language."  {Works,  i  xxv.)  He  also  wrote  The  Inner 
Temple  Maeqti^e,  performed  Jan.  13,  1614,  according  to  the 
title,  although  no  other  record  of  its  representation  has  been 
preserved.  It  was  first  printed  in  1772.  Although  these 
three  were  his  principal  works,  he  is,  at  the  present  date, 
better  known  by  some  of  his  numerous  minor  pieces. 
Who  has  not  heard  of 

'*Lidford  lawe. 
How  in  the  Morne  they  hang  and  drawe, 
And  sitt  in  indgment  after"? 

It  must  have  been  very  popular  during  his  lifetime,  as 
his  contemporary  Tho.  Westcote,  mentions  it  as  "  commonly 
song  by  many  a  fidler."^^* 

Another,  equally  well  known,  is  the  epitaph — one  of  the 
most  beautiful  in  the  English  language — on  the  Countess  of 
Pembroke — 

"  Vnderneath  this  sable  Herse 
Lyes  the  subiect  of  all  verse : 
Sydneyes  sister,  Pembroke's  Mother : 
Death,  ere  thou  hast  slaine  another, 
Faire,  and  Leam'd,  and  good  as  she 
tTyme  slialt  throw  a  dart  at  thee." 

It  is  praise  enough  to  know  that  it  was  long  attributed 
to  Ben  Jonson."*  Browne  was  not  only  the  friend  and 
associate  of  his  literary  contemporaries,  but  he  influenced 
even  greater  writers  than  himself.  Milton  was  well  ac- 
quainted with  his  writings,  and  must  have  entertained  a  high 
opinion  of  him,  as  modern  writers  affirm  that  some  portions 
of  L Allegro  are  imitated  from  the  Pastorals;  and  Lyddas, 
Comus,  and  Paradise  Regained  contain  passages  suggested  by 
Browne's  writings.^^  Keats  and  Mrs.  Browning  were  also 
influenced  by  him.  The  latter,  in  her  Visions  of  Poets, 
exclaims— 

"  Drayton  and  Browne,  with  smiles  they  drew 
From  outward  Nature,  to  renew 
From  their  ovm  inwaid  nature  true." 

When  it  is  remembered  that  he  wrote  very  little  after  the 
year  1616,  that  is  to  say,  after  he  was  26  years  of  age,  his 
success  so  early  in  life  is  very  remarkable.^^®  Ben  Jonson 
wrote  some  commendatory  lines  to  the  second  book  of 
Browne's  Britannias  Pastorals,  containing  the  following, 
which  may  fitly  close  our  notice  of  this  Devonshire  poet. 

"I  wou'd 
More  of  our  Writers  would,  like  thee,  not  swell 
With  the  how  much  they  set  forth,  but  th*  how  locll."  ^^^ 


64  DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRE8IDKNTIAL  ADDRESS. 

The  last  of  our  county  poets  of  this  period  is  Robert 
Herrick  (1591-1674),  born  in  London.  We  cannot  rightly 
understand  the  remarkable  antitheses  in  the  character  of  his 
poetical  writings,  unless  we  take  into  consideration  the  varied 
circumstances  of  his  early  life.  Bom  in  1591,  he  obtained  the 
degree  of  b.a.  at  Cambridge  in  1617,  and  in  1629  became 
Vicar  of  Dean  Prior,  in  this  county.  There  is  a  gap  in  the 
story  of  his  life  of  these  twelve  years,  partly  told  or  indicated 
by  his  poetry.  Ejected  from  his  living  by  the  Puritans  in 
1647  he  went  to  London,  and  in  the  year  following  published 
his  collected  poems.  He  was  restored  to  his  living  in  1662, 
and  died  in  1674.  His  poems — a  few  of  which  had  been 
published  previously — were  issued  in  two  divisions,  the 
Jlesperides,  secular,  and  the  Noble  Numbers,  religious.  The 
Registers  of  the  Stationers'  Company  prove  that  he  had  taken 
steps  to  procure  their  publication  before  he  left  Devonshire,  as 
they  record  that  on  April  29,  1640,  was  licensed  for  printing 
"The  severall  Poems  written  by  Master  Robert  Herrick." 
(Ed.  Arber  iv.  483.)  Although  he  lived  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century  after  their  publication,  we  have  no  account  of  any 
subsequent  poetry  of  his.  Of  the  two  divisions  named, 
his  fame  as  a  poet  rests  mainly  on  the  ffesperides,  written  in 
a  natural,  flowing  manner,  and  presenting  a  marked  contrast 
to  the  more  laboured  compositions  in  the  Noble  Numbers. 
It  consists  of  1131  short  poetical  pieces,  varying  in  length, 
miscellaneous  in  character,  and  without  any  attempt  at 
arrangement  In  the  introductory  "  Argument  of  his  Book  " 
is  a  brief  list  of  the  contents. 

'*  I  sing  of  brooks,  of  blossoms,  birds  and  bowers, 
Of  April,  May,  of  Jnne  and  July  flowers, 
I  sing  of  May -poles,  hock-carts,  wassails,  wakes,  ^'" 
Of  bndegrooms,  brides,  and  of  their  bridal  cakes,"  kc 

If  he  had  restricted  his  lines  to  these  subjects,  and  had  not 
gone  beyond  what  he  terms  "  cleanly-wantonness,"  it  had 
been  better  for  his  future  fame.  Unfortunately,  they  are 
intermingled  with  epigrams  and  other  pieces  as  coarse  as 
anything  attributed  to  Sedley  or  Eochester,  and  although  he 
could  write  such  lines  as  these — 

**  For  those  my  unbaptised  rhymes, 
Writ  in  my  wild  unhallowed  times  ;  .  .  . 
Forgive  nie*  God,  and  blot  each  line 
Out  of  my  book  that  is  not  Thine," 

he  apparently  made  no  attempt  to  omit  his   "unbaptised 
rhymes  "  from  the  printed  collection.     As  it  is,  his  principal 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  65 

work  may  be  likened  to  the  gardens  of  the  Hesperides, 
JQ  containing  some  of  the  most  beautiful  flowers,  inter- 
mingled with  and  marred  by  the  most  dank  and  noisome 
weeds. 

Before  he  became  a  resident  of  Devon  he  was  the  friend 
and  associate  of  Ben  Jonson  at — 

"  Those  lyrick  feasts 
Made  at  the  Sun, 
The  Dog,  the  Triple  Tunne,""» 

and  we  may  fairly  assign  to  this  period — between  1617  and 
1629 — his  Bacchanalian  and  coarser  poems,  when  his 
practical  motto  was  to  enjoy  life  while  he  could,  as  expressed 
by  him  in  the  poem  **  On  himselfe  " — 

"  This  day  He  drown  all  sorrow  ; 
Who  knowes  to  live  to-morrow." 

His  "Best  to  be  merry,"  "  Fill  me  a  mighty  bowl,"  "Welcome 
to  sack,"  belong  to  these  years.  "Farewell  to  sack"  was 
probably  written  immediately  before  leaving  London  for 
Devonshire.  The  time  he  spent  at  Dean  Prior  is  generally  ' 
thought  to  have  been  irksome  to  him,  on  account  of  his 
expressed  discontent  "in  this  dull  Devon-shire,"  as  well 
as  in  pieces  like  his  "  Banishment  into  the  loathed  West," 
"Come  leave  this  loathed  Country-life";  but  this  dislike 
of  the  country  must  not  be  accepted  too  literally.  Probably, 
occasional  disagreements  with  his  parishioners  (indicated  by 
some  of  his  epigrams  upon  them),  as  well  as  other  causes  of 
discontent,  may  have  led  him  to  vent  his  feelings  in  poetry ; 
and  when  on  the  eve  of  leaving  he  penned  his  farewell 
to  Dean  Bourn,  and  alludes  to  his  parishioners  as  "  A  people 
currish,  churlish  as  the  seas,"  it  was  probably  a  kind  of 
antithesis  to  the  anticipated  pleasures  on  his  return  to 
London,  as  shown  in  "  His  retume  to  London,"  anticipations 
that  were  not  realised.  But  this  antagonism  was  intermittent 
only,  as  shown  by  the  lines  "  His  Content  in  the  Country," 
and  "  The  Country  Life,"  the  latter  commencing — 

'*  Sweet  country  life,  to  such  unknown 
Whose  lives  are  others',  not  their  own  !  '**•• 

It  is  however  when  we  examine  his  true  poetry — his  songs 
-^that  this  becomes  more  manifest.  Unless  Herrick  had 
enjoyed  the  country  and  country  life,  and  had  an  intense 
love  of  flowers,  revelling  in  their  beauty  and  fragrance,  he 
Gonld  not  have  written  the  songs  he  did.  No  one  has  more 
exquisitely  or  lovingly  described,  in  a  few  lines,  the  peew^i^x 


.66  DR.  brushfijsld's  pbksidentiaJi  address. 

charm  of  the  rural  poetry  of  "  Bare  old  Herrick,  the  Cavalier 
Vicar,"  than  Mortimer  Collins : 

"None  ever  touched  with  as  fine  a  finger 
The  delicate  lyre  of  English  rhvme, 
He  loved  amid  fresh  flowers  to  linger, 
And  he  made  their  fragrance  last  through  time." 

His  position  as  a  poet  has  been  thus  well  defined  by  Swin- 
burne:— "He  is  and  will  probably  be  always  the  first  in 
rank  and  station  of  English  song- writers " ;  and  again,  he 
is  ''  the  greatest  song-writer — as  surely  as  Shakespeare  is  the 
greatest  dramatist — ever  bom  of  English  race."  Who  does 
not  love  to  dwell  on  such  exquisite  lines  as  these  ? 

"  Gather  ye  rosebuds  while  ye  may, 
Old  Time  is  still  a-fl  ving  : 
And  this  same  flower  that  smiles  to-day 
To-morrow  will  be  dying." 

The  Hesperides  contains  many  such,  eg,,  "Cherry  ripe," 
"  Goe,  happy  rose,"  "  Ye  have  been  fresh  and  green."  The 
work  is  full  of  gems :  here  is  one,  an  epitaph  on  a  child : 

'*  Here  a  pretty  baby  lies 
Sung  asleep  with  lullabies, 
Pray  be  silent,  and  not  stir 
Th'  easy  earth  that  covers  her." 

Village  custoiiis',  fairy  folk  -  lore,  seasonable  festivities, 
domestic  matters,  all  find  a  place  in  his  work.  Some 
historical  events  are  also  recorded — in  a  few  instances  they 
relate  to  years  between  1640  and  1647. 

The  Noble  Numbers  contains  less  favourable  specimens  of 
his  genius.  "  His  Letanie/'  and  the  piece  commencing  *'  Lord, 
Thou  hast  given  me  a  cell/ •  are  among  the  best.  It  is  much 
smaller  than  the  Hesperides^  and  has  271  separate  poems.^^ 

The  accession  of  Elisabeth  was  soon  attended  with  the 
commencement  of  our  modem  Drama,  customarily  dated 
from  January  18,  1562,  when  in  her  presence  was  performed, 
at  the  Inner  Temple,  the  tragedy  of  Gorboduc}^  Men's 
minds  were  a-hungered  to  replace  the  miracle  plays  and 
moralities  of  the  previous  reigns.  The  recognition  of  this 
new  form  of  dramatic  representation  by  the  Queen,  speedily 
led  to  other  plays  by  a  new  race  of  writers,  the  dramatists, 
the  predecessors  of  Shakespeare,  University  wits  who  led 
wild  Bohemian  lives ;  and  from  the  pens  of  Marlowe,  Peele, 
Greene,  Lyly,  and  others,  drama  followed  drama  in  rapid 
succession.    One  of  these  founders  of  the  Elizabethan  drama 


-  DR.  bbushfield's  prbsidektial  address.  67 

was  a  Devonian— George  Peelb  (1553?-1599),  stated  by 
Wood  (L  688)  to  be  a  Devonshire  man.^^  He  wrote  many 
plays,  masqueS)  and  poetical  works,  and  a  volume  of  Merry 
Conceited  Jests  (posthumous)  is  also  attributed  to  him,  but  on 
slender  grounds.  A  favQurable  specimen  of  his  work  as  a 
poet,  is  A  Farewell  to  Sir  John  Norris  and  Sir  Francis  Brake, 
when  starting  on  their  expedition  to  Portugal  in  1589.  He 
was  the  author  of  several  masques  between  1585  and  1591, 
three  of  which  have  come  down  to  us,  and  the  title  of  a 
fourth  is  recorded  in  the  Eegisters  of  the  Stationers 
Ck)mpany.^^*  It  is,  however,  as  a  playwright  that  he  is  best 
known  to  fame.  Six  of  his  plays  have  been  preserved,  with 
the  title  of  a  seventh.  A  version  of  the  Taming  of  a  Shrew 
has  also  been  attributed  to  him,  as  well  as  to  R  Greene 
and  to  Shakespeare.^^ 

His  first  dramatic  work,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  his  most 
recent  editor,  his  best,  was  The  Arraignment  of  Paris, 
published  in  1584,  written  in  a  very  easy  style  and  with 
much  luxuriant  fancy,  terminating  with  some  fulsome 
adulation  of  the  Queen.  His  first  historical  play  of 
EdvHird  /.,  printed  in  1593,  was  probably  due  to  the  success 
of  Marlowe's  Edioard  II,,  and  is  termed  by  Hallam  (ii.  175) 
''a  gross  tissue  of  absurdity  with  some  facility  of  language, 
but  nothing  truly  good.''  It  outrages  the  memory  of  Queen 
Eleanor,  by  her  committal  of  a  murder  and  subsequent  denial 
of  it,  upon  which  she  sinks  into  the  earth  at  Charing  Cross 
and  rises  again  at  Queenhithe ;  incidents  shown  in  the 
play.^*®  Another  historical  tragedy  that  appeared  in  the 
following  year,  and  adhered  more  closely  to  recorded  facts, 
was  The  Battdl  of  Alcazar,  fought  in  1578  in  Barbary, 
between  the  King  of  Portugal  and  the  King  of  Morocco :  of 
additional  interest  to  Devonians  for  being  the  death  scene  of 
that  free-lance  Captain  Tho.  Stukeley.^^^  Collier  regards  it 
as  the  oldest  of  his  plays,  and  written  soon  after  Marlowe's 
Tamburlaine,  which  it  strove  to  imitate  in  its  high-flown  and 
bombastic  language.^^  In  1595  appeared  The  Old  Wives 
Tale,  termed  "  a  pleasant  conceited  Comedie,"  and  one  of  his 
most  attractive  pieces.  ''  A  sort  of  child's  story,  told  with  a 
poet's  plajrfulness."  (Morley.)  It  is  not  divided  into  acts  and 
scenes.  Some  have  thought  that  Milton  took  the  idea  of  his 
Comus  from  it,  owing  to  the  similarity  of  the  leading  incident 
— ^two  brothers  in  quest  of  a  sister,  confined  by  an  enchanter 
— but  probably  each  borrowed  it  from  an  earlier  source. 

The  last  of  his  dramas,  TJie  Love  of  Xing  David  and  Fair 
Bethsabe,  With  the  Tragedie  of  Absalon,  was  p\x\A\a\v^  m 


68  Da  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

1599,  the  year  of  the  poet's  death.  It  does  not  deviate  from 
the  Scriptural  history.  Its  great  merit  is  its  harmonious 
versification.  It  "  vies  in  tenderness  and  poetic  beauty  with 
any  of  the  plays  "  of  Marlowe.  It  is  probably  the  last  play 
that  was  founded  on  Scripture.^^ 

While  the  Elizabethan  dramatists  drew  many  of  their 
plots  from  Italian  novelists,  especially  from  T?ie  Palace  of 
Fleasure,  (trans.)  by  W.  Painter  (1567-1575),  Peele  proved 
to  be  an  exception.  He  must  however  have  been  well 
acquainted  with  the  works  of  Ariosto,  and  other  Italian 
authors,  as  he  quotes  from  Orlando  Furioso  in  his  Ed/ward  Z, 
and  in  The  Old  Wiues  Tale ;  and  the  only  speech  made  by 
Helen,  in  Tke  Arraignment  of  Paris,  is  in  Italian.  His 
writings  do  not  possess  the  coarseness  or  terrific  descriptions 
of  some  of  his  contemporaries,  notably  of  Marlowe.  While 
in  genius  he  was  below  the  latter,  he  was  above  Greene  and 
the  rest  of  his  dramatic  brethren,  Shakespeare  excepted^ 
In  forming  an  estimate  of  his  powers,  we  must  remember 
that  he  preceded  Shakespeare  by  some  years,  and  died  at  the 
early  age  of  41.  Knowing  this,  we  can  better  appreciate 
Collier's  summary  of  his  literary  character,  that  **  he  had  an 
elegance  of  fancy,  a  gracefulness  of  expression,  and  a  melody 
of  versification,  which  in  the  early  part  of  his  career  was 
scarcely  approached."  {Hist,  Eng,  Dram,  Poetry,  iiL  191.) 

A  play  entitled  Dick  of  Devonshire,  and  generally  attributed 
to  T.  Hey  wood  (-1650),  long  existed  in  MS.,  and  was  printed 
for  the  first  time  in  A.  H.  Bullen's  Collection  of  Old  English 
Plays  (1883),  ii.  1-99.^^0  j^  relates  to  the  adventures  of  "  Dicke 
Pike  the  Devonshire  Soldier,"  and  is  simply  a  dramatised 
version  of  a  work  by  Richard  or  "  Manly  "  Peeke  (/.  1625), 
of  Tavistock,  published  in  1626,  with  the  title  "  Three  to 
One,  Being  an  English- Spanish  Combat,  Performed  by  a 
Westeme  Gentleman,  of  Tauystoke  in  Devon  shire,  with  an 
English  Quarter- Staffe  against  Three  Spanish  Rapiers  and 
Poniards  at  Sherries  in  Spaine,  The  Jifteene  day  of  NouenJber^ 
1625  written  in  homely  language,  proceeding  from  fingers  fitter 
for  the  pike  than  tike  pen,^^^ 

The  list  of  dramatists  of  this  period  contains  the  names 
of  two  Devonshire  divines,  who  subsequently  became 
Doctors  of  Divinity.  The  first,  William  Strode,  d.u., 
(1600-1645)  (already  noticed  among  the  poets),  on  the  occa- 
sion of  the  Court  retiring  to  Oxford,  owing  to  an  outbreak 
of  Plague  in  London  in  1636,  delivered,  as  the  Public  Orator 
of  the  University,  "a  most  eloquent  oration"  before  the 
King,  Charles  I.,  who,  in  the  hall  of  Christ  Church  on  the 


DR.   BRUSUFI£LD*S   PRESID£NTIAL  ADDRESS.  69 

evening  of  the  same  day  (Aug.  25)  saw  the  performance  of 
a  comedy,  written  by  Strode,  called  Passions  calmed :  or  The 
Settling  of  the  Floating  Island,  and  directed  against  the 
Puritan  body.  It  was  not  printed  until  1655,  '*  when  any- 
thing written  against  the  Puritans  would  find  a  ready  sale 
amongst  Royalists."  ^^^ 

The  second,  Jasper  Mayne,  d.d.  (1604-1672),  a  native  of 
Hatherleigh,  although  the  author  of  some  translations,  poetry 
and  sermons,  is  best  known  as  the  writer  of  two  plays.^^ 
The  first.  The  City  Match,  a  comedy,  was  acted  before  the 
King  and  Queen  at  Whitehall,  in  1639,  and  printed  in  the 
same  year.  Pepys  saw  it  acted  in  1668,  and  called  it  "a 
silly  play."  One  of  its  scenes  is  as  coarse  as  anything  pro- 
duced during  the  Restoration.  His  second.  The  Amorous 
Warre,  a  Tragi-comedy,  although  not  published  till  1648, 
was  probably  written  before  he  became  Vicar  of  Cassington, 
in  1642.  Halliwell  records  the  plot  to  be  "  inartificially 
constructed,  and  at  the  same  time  grossly  improbable."  (Diet, 
of  Old  Plays,  16.) 

The  last  of  the  Devon  dramatists  to  notice  is  John  Ford^^ 
1586-;/Z.1639),  born  at  Ilsington,  of  whose  personal  history  or 
date  of  death  nothing  is  known.  He  was  a  voluminous 
writer,  commencing  with  a  long  and  tedious  elegy  on  the 
Earl  of  Devonshire,  entitled  Fames  Memoriall,  published  in 
his  21st  year,  and  introducing  an  early  love  sorrow  of  his 
own.  In  addition  to  some  minor  poetical  pieces,  he  wrote 
two  prose  works,  Honor  Triumphant  (1606),  containing 
some  poetry,  and  a  moral  treatise  termed  A  Line  of  Life 
(1620),  neither  of  which  need  special  comment^^  He 
was  a  powerful  dramatic  writer,  his  fame  resting  mainly  on 
seven  plays  which  have  descended  to  us.  Four  of  his  MSS. 
were  burnt  by  Mr.  Warburton's  cook;  and  in  co-operation 
with  Dekker,  and  others,  he  was  also  part  author  of  five. 
Probably  he  wrote  several  more.^^*  According  to  his  own 
statement,  *'  the  first ''  piece  of  his  that  ever  courted  reader, 
was  The  Lover's  Melancholy  (1628),  but  this  must  refer  to 
publication,  as  All  III  Beginning,  &c.,  was  acted  in  1613. 
Some  of  its  descriptions  are  drawn  from  other  writers. 
From  Burton's  well-known  work,  the  account  of  the  nature 
of  melancholy,  and  an  interlude,  termed  "The  Masque  of 
Melancholy,"  are  derived.  The  story  of  the  contention 
between  a  musician  and  a  nightingale  (act  i.  sc.  i.),  in 
which  the  latter  was  "  ordain'd  to  be  Music's  first  martyr,"  is 
foimded  on  a  passage  in  the  Prolusioyies  of  F.  Strado,  an 
Italian  Jesuit  (1572-1649),  and  in  the  opinion  of  Lamb  is 


70  DR.  brushfield's  prksidentiaIi  address. 

"almost  as  fine  as  anything  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher."^' 
In  his  three  tragedies,  'T is  Pity,  &c.,  The  Broken  Heart,  and 
Louie's  Sacrifice,  we  recognize  the  Italian  influence  in  their 
plots.  Although  the  first  named  is  said  to  display  ''the 
subtlest  qualities  of  his  genius/'  the  nature  of  the  plot 
renders  it  impossible  to  be  presented  to  a  modem  audience. 
Of  the  second,  Lamb  remarks,  '^  I  do  not  know  where  to  find 
in  any  play  a  catastrophe  so  grand,  so  solemn,  and  so  sur- 
prising as  in  this."^'®  And  of  both,  N.  Drake  declares, 
"Scarcely  Shakespeare  himself  has  exceeded  him  in  the 
excitement  of  pathetic  emotion  . . .  they  are  noble  specimens 
of  dramatic  genius."  {Shakespeare  and  his  Times,  ii.  (563-4.) 
He  wrote  one  historical  play,  The  Chronicle  ffistorie  of  Ferkin 
Warbeck  (1634),  commended  for  being  well  planned  and 
equably  written."  ^^^ 

The  least  satisfactory  of  his  works  are  his  two  comedies. 
The  Fancies  Chast  and  Noble  (1638),  and  The  Ladies  Trial 
(1639),  probably  his  last  productions.  They  show  that 
Ford  was  destitute  of  humour,  and  had  no  sense  .of  the  vis 
comica}^^  Massinger  was  "second  only  to  Shakespeare," 
declares  Hedlam :  Ford's  place,  although  doubted  by  some,  was 
in  tragedy  certainly  next  to  Massinger.  Had  there  been  no 
Shakespeare,  Ford  would  have  been  much  more  highly 
esteemed.  He  has  less  coarseness  than  many  of  his  contem- 
poraries. He  took  great  pains  in  the  elaboration  of  his 
scenes  and  characters,  nevertheless  his  work,  except  in 
Ferkin  Warbeck,  is  very  unequal.  Dyce  remarks  of  one  of 
his  plays  (applicable  to  nearly  all),  it "  has  no  medium ;  all 
that  is  not  excellent,  is  intolerably  bad."  Occasionally  he 
is  very  bombastic,  of  which  a  remarkable  example  occurs 
in  the  opening  scene  of  The  Lover*s  Melancholy — 

"To  bestride 
The  frothy  forms  of  Neptune's  surging  waves, 
When  blusteriuff  Boreas  tosseth  up  the  deep 
And  thumps  a  thunder-bounce."  ^*^ 

The  sudden  rise  and  rapid  progress  of  the  Elizabethan 
drama,  soon  met  with  serious  opposition  from  the  divines  of 
the  Genevan  School.  The  causes  of  this  are  pointed  out  in  a 
forcible  manner  by  J.  E.  Green  (ii.  467-8) : — 

"The  features  of  our  drama  that  startled  the  moral  temper  of 
the  time  and  won  the  deadly  hatred  of  the  Puritans,  its  grossness 
and  profanity,  its  tendency  to  scenes  of  horror  and  crime,  its 
profuse  employment  of  cruelty  and  lust  as  grounds  of  dramatic 
actioD,  its  daring  use  of  the  horrible  and  the  unnatural  whenever  they 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD's  PRESIDENTlAli  ADDRESS.  71 

enable  it  to  display  the  moie  terrible  and  revolting  sides  of  human 
passion^  were  derived  from  the  Italian  stage.'' 

The  earliest  known  printed  attack  upon  plays  and  players 
is  that  of  John  Northbrook,  a  minister,  in  1577  or  1578, 
followed  by  J.  Gosson's  School  of  Abuse  (1579),  Stubbes' 
Anatomie  of  Abtises  (1583),  and  others  to  the  close  of 
Elizabeth's  reign,^^  one  of  the  important  contributors 
being  the  celebrated  Devonian,  Dr.  J.  Rainolds  (1549-1607.) 
In  1581,  a  Latin  play  named  Mdeager,  written  by  Dr.  W. 
Gager,  was  acted  in  the  hall  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and 
was  subsequently  repeated.  On  being  printed  in  1592,  a 
copy  was  sent  to  Dr.  Rainolds ;  this  was  followed  by  an 
interchange  of  letters,  culminating  in  the  publication  by 
the  latter  of  the  well-known  and,  considering  its  subject,  the 
temperately  written  work,  Hcoverthraw  of  Stage  Playes}^^ 
Although  finished  in  1593,  it  was  not  published  until  1599, 
*'  probably  on  account  of  the  new  interest  attracted  to  the 
subject  by  the  project  of  building  the  Fortune  Theatre." 
(Collier,  Op.  cit.  ii.  218.)  In  his  Address  to  the  Reader,  the 
Printer  affirms,  "  I  have  been  informed  .  .  .  that  Maister 
Gager  himself  vpon  the  last  rejoinder  of  Maister  Rainoldes 
hath  let  goe  his  hold,  and  in  a  Christian  modestie  and 
humilitie  yeelded  to  the  truth,  and  quite  altered  his  iudge- 
raent."  This  work  remained  unanswered  until  1612,  when 
T.  Heywood  issued  his  Apology  for  Actors,  to  which  J.  Gi*een 
replied  in  1615,  and  in  1633  appeared  Frynne's  celebrated 
Histriomastix.  The  crowning  act  of  the  Puritans  was  the 
Ordinance,  issued  in  1647,  for  *'  The  utter  suppression  and 
abolishing  of  all  Stage  Playes.'*  This  can  scarcely  be 
r^arded  with  surprise,  considering  the  progressive  decadence 
of  the  stage  in  the  time  of  Charles  I.,  when  the  unbridled 
coarseness  of  a  play  like  The  City  Match  could  be  sanctioned 
by  those  in  authority,  and  acted  before  Royalty.^^* 

Another  antagonist  of  Dr.  Gager  was  William  Heale 
(1581  ?-1627),  a  native  of  South  Hele,  who  published  in 
1609,  An  Apologie  for  Women;  or,  an  opposition  to  Mr, 
Dr.  G[ager]  his  assertion  .  .  .  who  held  in  the  act  at  Oxforde 
1608,  Thai  it  wees  lawfull  for  husbands  to  heate  their 
wives.  Gager's  assertion  is  attributed  to  his  disappoint- 
ment at  not  receiving  a  fortune  from  his  uncle,  due 
*'  to  the  action  of  his  uncle's  wife."  Wood  remarks  of  Heale, 
"  he  was  always  esteemed  an  ingenious  man,  but  weak,  as 
being  too  much  devoted  to  the  female  sex"  (ii.  89),  from 
which  it  may  be  inferred  that  Wood  sided  with  Gager. 


72  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

The  Broadside  Ballads  and  Chap  Book  Literature,  so 
exceedingly  common  in  the  17th  century,  had  their  origin  in 
the  preceding  one,  when  the  Itinerant  Minstrel  and  the 
Running  Stationer  circulated  in  the  cheapest  possible  form, 
accounts  of  historical  and  local  occurrences,  &c.,  in  verse  and 
prose.  The  earliest  Devonshire  ballads  known  describe  a 
murder,  that  of  Page  of  Plymouth,  committed  by  Gea 
Strangwidge  and  two  hired  murderers,  at  the  instigation  of 
Page's  wife,  which  caused  a  good  deal  of  excitement  at  the 
time.  They  were  tried  at  Barnstaple,  condemned,  executed, 
and  buried  in  the  churchyard  there  in  March,  1591.  Several 
ballads  on  the  subject  were  printed  in  the  same  year,  ahd 
others,  as  well  as  a  prose  chap-book,  followed.  The  first, 
headed  "  The  Lamentation  of  Master  Page's  wife  of  Plim- 
mouth,"  was  written  by  Tho.  Deloney,  a  celebrated  ballad- 
writer  of  his  day.  Ben  Jonson  and  Dekker  wrote  a  play 
upon  it,  frequently  acted,  but  never  published.^**  The 
tune  to  which  the  ballads  were  sung  ("Fortune  my  foe"), 
was  known  as  "The  hanging  tune;''  so-called  because  the 
broadside  verses  printed  on  the  execution  of  a  criminal 
were  sung  to  it.  This  throws  some  light  on  the  remark  of 
Winstanley  that  when  Kalegh  was  being  favoured  by  the 
Queen,  his  enemies  ''  began  to  take  his  sudden  favour  for  an 
allarum,  and  to  be  sensible  of  their  own  supplantation,  and 
to  project  his ;  which  made  him  shortly  after  sing,  FortwM 
my  foe,"  &c.  {England's  Worthies  (1684)  298.)»*«  The 
following  local  occurrences  were  recorded  in  this  manner; 
the  murder  of  Sir  John  Fitz  in  1605,  the  burning  of 
Tiverton  in  1612,  the  execution  of  Sir  W.  Ralegh  in 
1618.^*^  In  the  second  book  of  his  Britannia's  Pastorals 
(song  1,  date  about  1616)  our  Devon  poet,  W.  Browne,  thus 
describes  the  itinerant  ballad-seller  of  his  day,  chanting  his 
wares: 

'*  As  Ballad  mongera  on  a  Market-day 
Taking  their  stand,  one  (with  as  harsh  a  noyse 
As  euer  Cart-wheele  made)  sqaeakes  the  sad  choice 
Of  Tom  the  Miller  with  a  golden  thumbe, 

«  •  •  • 

Halfe  part  he  chants,  and  will  not  sing  it  oat" 

The  list  of  Devonshire  authors  on  Legal  Subjects,  during 
this  period,  is  a  small  one,  but  the  works  are  important.  The 
first  to  notice,  John  Cowell  (1554r-1611),  bom  at  Ems- 
borough,  wrote  two  volumes  ^**  during  the  time  he  held  the 
E^us  Professorship  of  Civil  Law  at  Cambridge.  One,  The 
Institutes  of  the  Laws  of  England  (1605)  in  Latin,  written 


DB.  BRUSHFI£LD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  73 

after  the  method  of  Justinian,  was  popular  enough  to 
run  through  six  Latin  editions,  and  one  English,  up  to  the 
year  1676.  The  second,  published  in  1607,  caused  some 
commotion  in  the  political  world,  and  bore  the  title  of  The 
Interpreter:  or  Booke  containing  the  SignificcUion  of  Words : 
Wherein  is  setfoorih  the  true  meaning  .  .  .  of  such  Words  and 
Termes,  as  are  mentumed  in  the  Lawe  Writers^  or  Statutes,  &c, 
A  valuable  glossary  to  old  Law  Books.  Three  years  later,  the 
attention  of  the  House  of  Commons  was  called  to  some  of 
the  statements  in  it,  especially  to  those  under  the  headings 
of  "King,"  "Parliament,"  and  "  Prerogative,"  ^^^  which 
were  assumed  to  affect  their  privileges,  of  which  they  were 
very  sensitive.  It  is  believed  that  Coke  was  the  occasion  of 
this,  and  it  is  thought  he  was  offended  at  Cowell,  for  drawing 
up  "  Seasons,  &a,  against  the  too  frequent  grants  of  prohibi- 
tions" (under  the  direction  of  Abp.  Bancroft),  under  the 
title  of  Articuli  Gleri.^^  That  Coke  disliked  him  is 
apparent  from  the  following  punning  allusion  by  Fuller :  "  A 
grand  oracle  of  the  Common  Law  [Coke]  was  pleased  in 
derision  to  call  him  Doctor  Cow-heele ;  and  a  Cow-heele  (I 
assure  you)  well  dress*d  is  good  meat,  that  a  Cook  (when 
hungry)  may  lick  his  fingers  after  it."  (i.  262.) 

At  a  time  when  the  King's  assumption  of  arbitrary  power 

was  being  resented  by  the  Commons,  it  is  no  wonder  that 

the  latter  were  highly  incensed  against  Cowell.     We  may 

judge  of  this  by  a  statement  in  a  letter,  reported  in  Win  wood's 

Mmorials,  iii  125,  under  date  March  1st,  1609-10,  *"  That  if 

the  King  will  give  them  leave  (as  by  Petition  they  have 

desired  it  of  him)  to  proceed  by  their  authority  against  the 

said  Cowell,  it  is  thought  they  will  go  very  near  to  hang 

Coweirs  definitions,  certainly  agreed  with  the  King's 
notions  of  his  absolute  freedom  of  action  in  the  government 
of  the  kingdom.  However,  James  had  so  far  to  succumb  to  the 
Commons,  as  in  the  eiid  to  issue  a  proclamation  (on  March 
26th),  suppressing  the  work.  Spelman  (Glossarium^  sub 
"  Tenura  "),  affirms  that  the  books  were  ordered  to  be  publicly 
Wnt  (libri  ejus  sunt  conibusti),  and  other  authors  have 
accepted  this  statement,  but  there  is  no  corroboration  of  this, 
Md  it  is  not  alluded  to  in  the  proclamation.  The  death  of 
^^  author  in  the  following  year  was  probably  hastened  by 
^e  worry  and  trouble  he  incurred. 

The  work  was  republished  in  1637,  and  many  editions 
followed,  the  title  of  some  of  the  latter  being  altered  to 
-^  Law  Dictionary.     Hallam  declares  that  the  objectiou^XA!^ 

VOL.  XXV.  F 


74  DR.  BRSUHFIELD'S  presidential  ADDRES& 

"  passages  are  expuDged  in  the  later  editions  "  (Canst.  Hist 
i  325),  a  statement  relied  upon  for  correctness  (vide  Did. 
Nat.  Biog,  xii.  375),  but  such  is  not  the  fact,  and  a  careful 
collation  of  the  original  edition  with  that  of  1637,  shows  the 
latter  to  be  an  unexpurgated  oue.  It  is  simply  a  reprint^ 
and  no  one  appears  to  have  noticed  the  re-appearance  of  the 
obnoxious  entries. 

Sir  John  Doddridge  or  Doderidge  (1555-1628),  bom  at 
Barnstaple,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  King's  Bench,  and  the 
third  great  literary  lawyer  of  Devon,  wrote  many  legal, 
constitutional,  and  antiquarian  works,  none  of  which  were 
published  during  his  lifetime,  so  careless  was  he  of  literary 
fame.^^^  His  principal  one,  published  the  year  after  his 
death,  and  called  The  Lavryer's  Light  (1629),  was  republished 
in  an  extended  form  in  1631,  under  the  title  of  The  English 
Lawyer y  describing  a  Method  for  the  managing  of  tlie  Lawes  of 
this  Land,  a  manual  for  students.  Many  other  noticeable 
books  emanated  from  his  pen,  of  which  the  following  may  be 
specially  mentioned :  A  Compleat  Parsan,  "  a  description  of 
Advowsons  and  Church  livings  "^^^  (1630,  1641);  The 
History  of  the  Ancient  and  Moderne  Estate  of  Wales,  Corn- 
wall,  and  Chester  (1630)  relating  mainly  to  the  Prince  of 
Wales'  revenue,  what  it  "  hath  beene,  what  it  now  is,  and 
how  impaired";  The  Law  of  Nohiliiy  and  Peerage  (1658),^** 
an  enlargement  of  The  Magazine  of  Honor  (1642),  the  com- 
position of  another  author  (a  treatise  on  ''The  Antiquities, 
Titles,  Degrees,  and  Distinctions"  of  the  Nobility);  and 
The  Office  and  Duty  of  the  Heralds  in  England,  printed  in 
T.  Hearne's  Curioiis  Discourses.  (1720.)  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.  According  to  Prince 
he  revised  for  the  press  Hooker's  Chorographical  Description 
of  Devon.  (302,  3.) 

The  last  legal  work  to  mention,  is  a  Latin  treatise  On  the 
Roman  Law  (1653),  by  Sir  Arthur  Duck  (1580-1648), 
a  native  of  Heavitree,  in  which  he  was  assisted  by  Gerard 
Laugbaine.  It  was  translated  into  English  in  1724,  and, 
according  to  Hallam,  is  "a  succinct  and  learned,  though 
elementary  and  popular  treatise."  (ii.  548.) 

The  subject  of  Parliamentary  Matters  introduces  us  for  the 
first  time  to  the  eminent  Exeter  antiquary,  well  known 
under  his  triad  of  names  of  John  Hooker,  Hoker,  or  Vowell 
(1526?--1601),  who,  by  birth  (being  a  native  of  the  city),  as 
well  as  by  his  literary  pursuits,  was  so  thoroughly  identified 
with  it.     Although   he  used  all  three  names  indiscrimi- 


DB.  B&USHFISLD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  75 

nately,  it  may  be  as  well  to  restrict  notice  of  him  to  the 
first.  In  lus  edition  of  Holinshed's  Chronicles  (1586,  7),  he 
inserted  the  "Order  and  usage  of  keeping  the  Parliaments 
in  England/'  apparently  a  reprint  of  a  work  issued  in  1572. 
He  also  wrote  "A  Journal  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Irish 
Parliament,"  1568 ;  "  A  Journal  of  the  Parliament  of  1571," 
when  he  was  M.P.  for  Exeter ;  and  "  the  order  of  kepinge  a 
Parliament  in  theise  dayes";  the  two  latter  (in  MS.)  being 
preserved  in  the  Municipal  Archives  of  Exeter.^*^ 

WiLUAM  Hakewill  (1574-1655)  brother  of  Dr.  George 
Hakewill,  an  eminent  legal  antiquary  and  *'a  master  of 
precedents,"  wrote  many  works  on  the  History  and  Antiquities 
of  Parliament^  &c.,  all  of  which  were  published  subsequently 
to  1640,  though  some  were  probably  written  prior  to  that  year, 
including  his  Modus  tenendi  Farliamentum,  or,  The  Old  Manner 
of  holding  Parliaments  in  England^  &c,  (1641),  a  work  that 
may  still  be  consulted  with  benefit  by  enquirers  into 
parliamentary  usages  and  precedents. 

In  1658  was  published.  Opinions  of  sundry  learned  Anti- 
quaries touching  the  Antiquity,  Power,  &c,,  of  the  High  Court  of 
Parliament  in  Ungland.^^^  One  of  the  sections  is  stated  to 
have  been  written  by  Sir  John  Doddridge,  and  edited  by  his 
nephew  John  Doddridge  (-1666  ?),  son  of  Pentecost  Dodd- 
ridge, a  merchant,  and  thrice  Mayor  of  Barnstaple ;  who 
claims  our  attention  also,  for  having  established  a  Parochial 
Library  in  Barnstaple  in  1665.  He  was  M.P.  and  recorder 
of  the  borough.^^ 

Owing  to  his  Speeches  and  Discourses  in  several  Parlia- 
ments in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  as  recorded  by  Wood,  we 
have  here  to  mention  Eichard  Martin  (1570  ?-1618),  born 
at  Otterton,  M.P.,  and,  in  the  last  year  of  his  life,  Kecorder  of 
London.  Other  Speeches  (1602,  1643)  are  also  assigned  to 
to  him.  According  to  Lysons  he  was  ''  a  great  linguist  and  a 
poet>"  also  that  "his  poems  are  in  print,"  citing  Wood 
(ii.  250)  as  his  authority,  who,  however,  terms  him  '^a 
plausible  linguist"  with  evident  allusion  to  his  powers  as  a 
Parliamentary  speaker,  and  not  as  being  well  versed  in 
several  languages.  Wood  adds  "  various  poems,"  but  whether 
printed  or  not  is  unknown,  and  Dr.  Bliss  could  learn  nothing 
about  them.  He  was,  however,  accounted  one  of  the  highest 
wits  of  his  age,  and  associated  with  all  the  literary  men 
of  his  time,  including  Ben  Jonson,  the  latter  having  dedicated 
to  him  ("  To  the  virtuous,  and  my  worthy  friend,  Mr.  Eichard 
Martin  ")  the  edition  of  his  Poetaster,  published  in  1616.^^ 
Of  his  literary  abilities  Fuller  testifies,  that  "he  \iQ^d  ^u 

F  2 


76  DR.   BRUSHFIkLD'S  PRESIDEliTIAL  ADDRESS. 

excellent  pen,  and  wrote  very  much,  and  the  more  the  pittj 
that  they  are  suppressed  from  publick  use."  (i.  275.) 

Amongst  the  best  of  the  prison  works  of  Sir  W.  Rai^sGH 
(1552-1618),  is  The  Prerogative  of  Parliaments  in  England, 
Proucd  in  a  Dialogvv  (pro.  and  contr.)  hetweene  a  Cauncellour 
of  State  and  a  Justice  of  Peace  (1628),  "  the  one  disswading, 
the  other  perswading  the  calling  of  Parliament."  The 
Justice  is  supposed  to  represent  Balegh  himself,  who 
endeavoured  to  create  an  amicable  understanding  between 
the  King  and  his  people,  by  inducing  the  former  to  place 
greater  reliance  upon  the  goodwill  of  the  latter.  But  James  I. 
and  Kalegh  never  appeared  to  understand  each  other,  and 
Sir  Walter  apparently  overrated  his  powers,  of  being  able  to 
convince  the  King  of  the  favourable  character  of  anything 
written  by  him,  especially  as  at  that  time  the  feelings  of 
James  had  been  ruffled,  by  the  unfavorable  manner  in  which 
his  levy  of  the  "Benevolence"  had  been  regarded  by  the 
Country  generally  .^^®  Although  it  bears  inherent  evidence  of 
having  been  written  not  earlier  than  1615,  it  was  not  printed 
until  1628,^^  and  from  the  manner  of  its  issue,  its  publicatdon 
may  have  been  caused,  partly  by  the  proceedings  taken 
against  Sir  John  Eliot,  between  the  dates  of  whose  two 
imprisonments  (1626  and  1629)  it  was  published;  and  partly 
by  the  excitement  engendered  in  1628  by  the  celebrated 
Petition  of  Right. ^^^  It  was  one  of  the  most  popular  of 
Ralegh's  numerous  productions. 

Ralegh  was  the  Admirable  Crichton  of  his  time,  and 
wrote  upon  most  of  the  branches  of  knowledge,^*^  in  some 
of  which  he  is  the  sole  representative  of  this  county,  such  as 
Politics,  Philosophy,  Military  Matters,  &c.  Many  of  these 
were  the  fruits  of  his  ten  years'  imprisonment,  in  which  he 
utilised  the  literary  stores  he  had  gathered  during  his  active 
life.  Leisure  with  him  was  apparently  synonymous  with  an 
alteration  in  the  direction  of  his  work.  He  could  never  be 
an  idle  man.^^^ 

Of  his  political  works,  The  Prince  or  Maxims  of  State 
(1642),  and  The  Cabinet  Council  (1658),  are  treatises  on  the 
principles  of  government,  and  contain  many  historical 
illustrations  and  wise  apothegms.  The  following  are  examples 
of  the  latter:  "Nothing  can  corrupt  and  alter  the  nature 
of  man  so  much,  or  so  soon  as  the  immoderate  desire  of 
Honor."  "  Seldom  or  never  is  any  people  discontented  with- 
out great  cause."  (CoMnet  Council,  164,  5.) 

The  latter  work  is  of  especial  interest  for  having  been 


DR.   BRUSHHELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  77 

published  at  the  instigation  of  Milton,  who  wrote  the 
Address  '*to  the  Beader."  In  the  last  issue  of  the  work 
(1697)  Milton's  name  alone  appears  on  the  title  page.^** 

His  ObservcUians  Concerning  the  Causes  of  the  Maffnificenct/, 
ACfOf  Cities  (1651),  and  the  Seat  of  Government  (1651),  were 
apparently  portions  of  longer  articles,  and  may  be  passed 
over ;  but  two  others  require  some  notice.  At  the  direct 
request  of  Prince  Henry,  he  wrote  A  Discourse  touching  a  Match 
propounded  by  the  Savoyan  between  the  Lady  Elizabeth  and 
the  Prince  of  Piemoni,  and  one  Touching  a  Marriage  between 
Prince  Henry  of  England  and  a  Daughter  of  Savoy ^  each 
dated  "  9  JacobL"  (=  1611,  2).  In  March,  1611,  the  Savoyard 
ambassador  had  been  directed  to  treat  for  both  marriages, 
to  which  neither  on  his  own  nor  on  lus  sister's  account 
the  Prince  was  favourable,  hence  his  appeal  to  Balegh, 
whose  opinion  coincided  with  that  of  the  Prince,  and  who  in 
addition,  advocated  the  advantages  of  a  French  alliance. 
The  application  was  unsuccessful.^^  The  tracts  were  printed 
for  the  first  time  in  1750. 

In  1653  was  published  Observations  touching  the  Trade  and 
Commerce  with  the  Hollander,  of  which  four  variants  with 
different  titles  were  issued — a  fair  evidence  of  its  popularity. 
Although  generally  attributed  to  Ralegh,  grave  doubts  have 
been  raised  as  to  the  authorship.^^ 

Of  military  treatises,  Ralegh  wrote  several  relating  to  the 
defences  of  the  country  in  the  times  of  threatened  invasion 
(1588  and  1596.)  One  of  his  best  and  most  carefully  written 
works,  iaA  Discourse  of  the  Originall  and  Fundamental  Cause  of 
.  .  .  Warre^  commencing  "  The  ordinary  theme  and  Argument 
of  History  is  War."^*'^  In  1603  he  presented  to  James  I., 
very  soon  after  his  accession  to  tiie  English  throne,  a 
Discourse  Of  a  War  with  Spain,  and  on  Protecting  the 
Netherlands  (of  a  second  on  the  same  subject,  the  title  alone 
has  been  preserved.)  As  the  King  had  determined  on  a 
reversal  of  Elizabeth's  policy  with  regard  to  that  country, 
Balegh's  treatise  must  have  been  particularly  distasteful  to 
him.  With  the  peculiar  views  held  by  James,  such  a  passage 
as  the  following  would  cause  him  much  annoyance  : — 

**  He  that  will  be  silent  when  he  might  declare  and 
publish  what  may  prove  useful  to  your  Majesty's  Govern- 
ment, does  as  much  decline  Your  Service,  as  he  that  flies 
Your  Kingdoms."  (47.)i«« 

Passing  by  his  short  philosophical  treaties — The  Scepiick 
(1651)  and  his  Treatise  of  the  Soul,  which  remained  in  MS. 
until  1829 — we  come  to  his  Instructions  to  his  Son,  and  to 


78  DR.  BRUSHnSLD'S  PRI8IDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

PosterUy,  first  printed  Id  1632,  reprinted  again  and  again, 
and  always  deservedly  popular.  Although  much  of  the 
paternal  advice  is  highly  to  be  commended,  such  as  the 
choice  of  friends  in  the  first  chapter,  there  is  a  worldliness 
about  some  of  the  portions,  that  a  father  would  aeaioely 
recommend  to  his  son  in  the  present  day.  Some  of  his 
phrases  are  very  pointed,  here  is  one :  **  No  man  is  esteemed 
for  gay  Garments,  but  by  Fools  and  Women.**  (chap.  viL) 
It  is  nearly  always  accompanied  with  another  trealise^ 
entitled  The  dutiful  Advice  of  a  loving  San  to  his  aged  Father, 
usually  assigned  to  Kalegh,  but  it  is  very  doubtful  if  he 
wrote  it  It  reads  more  like  a  lampoon — a  satire  upon  the 
Instructions.  The  doubt  is  strengthened  by  the  circumstance 
that  two  entries  in  the  Stationers'  Blisters  record  the 
latter,  but  make  no  allusion  to  the  Son's  advice  to  his 
Father.  (Ed.  Arber  iv.  276-378.) 

It  is  noteworthy  that  none  of  these  works  by  Bal^h  were 
printed  during  his  lifetime  :  the  majority  of  them  were  pub- 
lished during  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  were  then 
very  popular. 

Of  Educational  Literature  there  is  not  much  to  report. 
During  the  time  Will.  Kempe  (-1604  (?)  held  the  Mastership 
of  Plymouth  Grammar  School  he  published,  in  the  Armada 
year,  The  Education  of  Children  in  Learning :  declared  hy  the 
Dtf/nitie,  Utilitie,  and  Method  thereof  &c,  (1588),  dedicated  to 
William  Hawkins,  Sir  John's  elder  brotiier,  and  Mayor  of 
Plymouth  in  that  year;  and  in  1592  The  Art  of  AriJthr 
meticke  in  whole  Numbers  and  Fractions  (a  translation  from 
the  Latin),  dedicated  to  Sir  F.  Drake,  with  sojne  verses  to  the 
latter  on  bringing  the  Leat  to  Plymouth.^*  Nicholas 
Hunt  (1596-1648),  believed  to  be  a  native  of  Exeter,  wrote 
two  Arithmetical  works.  (1631,  1633.)  William  Marhh 
or  Martyn  (1562-1617),  during  his  Eecordership  of  Exeter, 
his  native  city,  was  the  author  of  Youth's  Instruction 
(1612),  dedicated  to  his  son,  a  student  at  Oxford.  Dr.  J. 
Prideaux  (1578-1650),  b.  at  Stowford,  while  Rector  of 
Exeter  College,  Oxford  (1612-1614),  published  several 
educational  works  in  Latin.  A  Greek  Grammar  and  a  work 
on  Logic  are  said  to  have  been  completed  by  him  within  a 
fortnight. 

Amongst  the  many  labors  of  Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert(1539?- 
1583),  of  Compton,  it  would  scarcely  have  been  surmised 
that  he  was  the  author  of  a  scheme  for  the  education  of 
wards,  whose  neglect  in  this  respect  was  one  of  the  abuses 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  79 

of  wardship.  About  1572,^^^  he  submitted,  in  MS.,  a 
scheme  to  the  Queen,  entitled  "  The  erection  of  an  Achademy 
in  London  for  educacion  of  her  Maiesties  Wardes,  and  others 
the  youth  of  nobility  and  gentlemen/'  His  scheme  was  to 
establish  a  great  University  to  be  termed  "  Queene  Elizabeths 
Achademy,"  for  which  he  gives  practical  details,  so  that 
"  there  shalbe  heareafter,  in  effecte,  no  gentleman  within  this 
Sealme  but  good  for  some  what,  Wheareas  now  the  most 
parte  of  them  are  good  for  nothinge.''  But  the  wardships 
continued,  and  nothing  was  done.^^^ 

As  practical  promoters  of  literature  by  furthering  the 
education  of  the  young,  we  must  not  pass,  without  honour- 
able ^nention,  two  great  names.  The  firsts  Nicholas  Wadham 
(1532-1609),  of  Edge,  near  Branscombe,  intended  to  found 
the  College  at  Oxford,  known  by  his  name,  but  dying  before 
he  could  carry  out  his  project,  his  widow,  Dorothy,  proceeded 
to  do  so,  and  the  building  was  commenced  in  the  following 
year  (1610)."2  The  second,  Peter  Blundell  (1520-1601) 
of  Tiverton,  founded  the  famous  school  of  that  place.^^* 

No  family  name  is  more  intimately  connected  with 
literature  than  that  of  Bodley;  and  our  attention  is  first 
directed  to  John  Bodley  (Jl.  circ.  1540),  a  Devonian,  who 
was  in  exile  in  Mary's  reign  on  account  of  his  Protestantism. 
At  her  death  he  returned  to  England,  and  in  1562  received  a 
patent  for  the  exclusive  printing  of  the  Genevan  Bible.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  E.  Hone,  of  Ottery  St  Mary,  by 
whom  he  had  three  sons,  Thomas,  Lawrence,  and  Josias,  all 
bom  in  Exeter.  The  eldest.  Sir  Thomas  Bodley  (1545-1613), 
wrote,  in  1609,  a  short  autobiography,  printed  in  1647. 
Under  the  title  of  EeliquicB  Bodleianm,  and  edited  by  Tho. 
Heame,  it  was  reprinted  in  1703,  with  transcripts  of  243 
of  his  letters  "  concerning  Books  and  Learning,  written  to  Dr. 
Thomas  James,  first  keeper  of  the  Publick  Library.'*  ^^* 
Betiring  from  diplomatic  service  in  1596,  he  soon  turned  his 
thoughts  towards  the  formation  of  the  great  library  called 
after  him.  One  had  previously  existed  in  Oxford,  although 
little  else  than  its  memory  remained  after  the  disastrous  visit 
of  the  Royal  Commissioners  in  1549.  ^^^  Once  begun,  his 
labours  were  unceasing  in  fitting  up  the  library  and  supplying 
it  with  books.  He  made  large  purchases  abroad,  as  shown 
by  his  letters,  e.g. 

"Mr.  Sackvil  .  .  .  hath  been  already  at  Venice,  Ferrara, 
Padua,  Verona,  Brescia,  Mantua,  Pavia,  Milan,  Florence,  Pisa, 
Rome,  &C.,  and  hath  bought  as  many  books  as  he  knew  I  had 


80  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

not,  amounting  to  the  Sum  of,  at  the  least,  Four  Hundred 
Pounds."  Although  his  agent,  John  Bill,  obtained  some 
books  "  at  Sevil  .  .  .  the  People's  Usage  towards  all  of  our 
Nation  is  so  cruel  and  malicious,  as  he  was  utterly  discouraged 
for  this  time."  (Letters  in  Jteliq,  Bodleiance,  89,  197.)  "• 

He  obtained  donations  of  money  and  books  from  literary 
friends  throughout  England,  especially  from  those  in  Devon- 
shire. ^^^  The  most  important  contribution  from  this 
county,  was  that  of  the  Dean  (Dr.  M.  Sutclifle)  and  Chapter 
of  Exeter,  who,  in  1602,  gave  eighty-one  Latin  MSS.  from 
their  library  to  the  new  one  at  Oxford.  ^^®  As  Sir  Thomas 
Bodley's  second  brother,  Lawrence,  was  at  that  time  a  Canon 
of  Exeter,  it  was  probably  due  to  his  influence  that  these 
MSS.  were  so  transferred. 

**  By  what  right,"  states  Mr.  Macray,  "  they  thus  alienated  their 
corporate  property  no  one  probably  cared  to  enquire ;  but,  from  the 
tokens  of  neglect  still  visible  upon  the  books,  we  may  conclude 
that  only  by  this  alienation  were  they  in  all  likelihood  saved  from 
ultimate  destruction  :  for  they  nearly  all  bear  more  or  less  sign  of 
having  been  exposed  to  great  damp,  which  in  several  instances  has 
well-nigh  destroyed  the  initial  and  final  leaves."  {Op.  cit  (1890),  28.) 

Five  (perhaps  more)  of  the  MSS.  had  been  originally  given 
by  Leofric  to  Exeter  Cathedral,  the  most  valuable  being  the 
^'Missale  Antiquissimum,"  of  which  a  translation  was 
published  in  1883,  by  F.  E.  Warren,  under  the  title  of  The 
Leofi^ic  Missal  as  used  in  the  Cathedral  of  Exeter  during  the 
Episcopate  of  its  first  Bishop,  A.D.  1050-1072,  with  a  valuable 
Introduction,  &c.^^®  It  contains  miscellaneous  entries  of 
manumissions,  gifts  to  the  Cathedral  of  furniture,  books,  &c. ; 
and  Mr.  Warren  notes,  "  the  list  closes  with  a  request  that 
worshippers  in  Exeter  Cathedral  would  pray  for  the  soul  of 
Leofric,  and  the  imprecation  of  a  malediction  on  any  persons 
who  should  be  concerned  in  the  alienation  or  removal  of  his 
gifts."  (Intro,  xxiii)^®*  It  is  only  charitable  to  believe 
that  the  Dean  and  Chapter  were  not  aware  of  the  conse- 
quences attending  a  violation  of  Leofric's  request. 

The  library  was  opened  with  due  formality  in  1602,  and 
in  1604  the  King  granted  letters  patent  authorising  it  to  be 
called  by  Bodley's  name.  Moreover,  he  visited  it  in  1605, 
and  again  in  1614.  The  first  catalogue — a  thick  4to  of  655 
pages — appeared  in  1605.  And  so  started  this  great  con- 
tribution to  the  literary  world,  "the  first  practically  public 
library  in  Europe,"  and  since  then  it  has  ever  been  widening 
the   sphere   of   its   usefulness,    a    monument    needing   no 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  81 

inscription,  of  the  good  this  illustrious  Devonian  effected  in 
his  generation. 

"Si  monumentam  quaeris,  circnmspice." 

Under  the  heading  of  Biography,  the  list  of  works  is 
very  smaU.  Francis  Godwin,  d.d.,  when  sub-dean  of  Exeter 
(1587-1601),  compiled  and  published  A  Catalogue  of  the 
Bishops  of  Englavd  .  .  .  with  a  brief  History  of  their  lives 
and  memorable  actions  (1601),  the  first  work  of  its  kind.  It 
is  said  that  Queen  Elizabeth  was  so  pleased  with  it,  that  she 
rewarded  him  with  the  Bishopric  of  Llandafif.  ^®^  A  much 
enlarged  edition  was  issued  in  1615,  and  lists  of  the  Bishops 
of  Bangor  and  of  St.  Asaph,  omitted  from  the  first,  were 
included  in  it.  Two  "Discourses"  were  also  added,  one 
"concerning  the  first  conversion  of  this  Island  of  Britaine 
vnto  Christian  Religion"  (1-48);  the  other  "concerning 
such  Englishmen  as  have  either  bene,  or  in  our  histories 
reputed,  Cardinalls  of  the  Church  of  Rome  "  (687-698),  and 
it  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  the  fabulous  "  Pope  Joane  " 
heads  the  list^^  This  one  he  translated  into  Latin  (to 
please  King  James  is  reported),  published  in  1616.  A  folio 
edition  (1743),  edited  by  W.  Richardson,  Master  of  Emmanuel 
CoU^e,  Cambridge,  is  still  the  standard  work  on  the  subject. 

John  Hooker  (1526  ?-1601),  the  Exeter  antiquary, 
published  in  1684,  A  Catalog  of  the  Bishops  of  Excester,  vnth 
the  Description  of  the  Antiquitie  and  first  Foundation  of  the 
CaihedraU  Church  of  the  same ;  reprinted,  with  some  amend- 
ments, in  Holinshed's  Chronicle  (1586) ;  and  by  Andrew 
Brice  in  1765.  The  late  Professor  Freeman  did  Dr.  Godwin 
an  injustice,  in  making  the  following  statement  in  his  History 
of  Exeter  (155) : 

"  Hooker's  MS.  volume,  the  *  Great  Ledger  and  Black  Book '  is 
the  source  from  which  so  many  have  drawn — Bishop  Godwin,  in 
his  Catalogue  of  Bishops,  not  the  least — without  a  word  of  thanks 
to  their  guide." 

Had  the  Professor  examined  Godwin's  work,  he  would 
have  found  the  account  of  the  Bishops  of  Exeter  preceded  by 
this  note :  "  This  discourse  following  is  taken  (for  the  most 
part)  verbatim  out  of  Master  John  Hooker's  Catalogue  of  the 
Bishops  of  Exeter."  (Ed.  1601,  315.)  Moreover  Hooker  him- 
self was  aware  of  Godwin's  work  while  in  progress.^^ 

John  Hooker  was  also  the  author  of  the  interesting  "  lyfe, 
manners,  qualities,  and  condicions  of  "  a  "  noble  and  worthye 
Blnyghte,"   with   this  heading;    "The  Lyffe  o£    S\t  Y^\«t 


82  DR.   BBUSHFIELD'S  presidential  ADDRESa 

Carewe,  late  of  Mohonese  Otrey,  in  the  coantie  of  Devon, 
Knyghte,  who  dyed  at  Rosse,  in  Irelande,  the  27th  of 
November,  1675,  and  was  buryed  at  the  cettie  of  Water 
Forde,  the  15th  of  December,  1575;  collected  by  John 
Vowell,  alias  Hoker,  of  the  cetie  of  Excester,  Gent,  partly 
upon  the  credyble  reporte  of  others  and  partly  much  he  sawe 
4nd  knewe  hymselffe."  First  printed  in  Archceologia  zxtuL 
96-151,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Lambeth  Library;  and  after- 
wards, with  Introduction  and  Notes,  by  John  Maclean.  1857. 

Sir  Faithful  Fortescue  (1512-ctrc.  1608)  of  Buckland 
Filleigh,  "wrote  the  memoirs  of  his  family,  which  he  left 
behind  him ;  and  his  grandson  continued  them  to  the  year 
1718."  It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  "no  trace  of  these 
records  .  .  .  can  now  be  found."  Another  of  the  same  name 
{circ.  1581-1666),  also  of  Buckland  Filleigh,  drew  up  a  short 
memoir  '*of  the  Right  Honourable,  first  Lord  Chichester, 
Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland."  ^^ 

The  life  of  the  founder  of  All  Souls  College,  Oxford,  Arch- 
bishop Chichele,  was  written  by  Sir  Arthur  Duck  (1580- 
1648)  "  in  most  elegant  Latine,"  printed  in  1617  and  1681, 
and  a  translation  in  1699. 

None  of  the  ordinary  biographies  of  Sir  Walter  Ralegh 
were  issued  from  the  press  before  1640,  but  there  are  two 
works  incident  to  bis  execution  and  the  events  immediately 
preceding  it,  not  to  be  passed  over,  which  are  alluded  to  here, 
although,  strictly  speaking,  they  are  more  political  than 
biographical.  They  were  published  within  a  day  or  two  of 
each  other,  by  B.  Norton,  the  King  s  printer,  and  less  than  a 
month  after  Ralegh's  execution  on  October  29th,  1618. 

The  first  is  entitled  The  hunible  petition  and  informcUion  of 
Sir  Lewis  Siucley,  Knif/ht,  Vice-adviirall  of  Deuon,  touching 
his  oume  behauiour  in  tJie  clmrge  committed  vnto  him,  for  the 
bringing  vp  of  Sir  Walter  Ealcigh,  ami  the  scandalous  asper^ 
sions  cast  vpon  him  for  the  same  (1618),^^  and  is  the 
explanation  of  Sir  Lewis  or  "ludas"  Stucley  (1570-1620), 
one  of  the  results  of  the  great  outcry  raised  by  Ralph's 
execution,  which  was  soon  found  to  be  a  most  unpopular 
act.  Another  result  was  the  publication  of  the  second  work, 
with  the  following  title,  A  Declaration  of  the  Demeanor  and 
Cariage  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  Knight,  as  loell  in  his  Vogage^ 
as  in,  and  sitJience  his  Returne  ;  and  of  the  true  motives  and 
inducements  which  occasioned  His  Maiestie  to  Proceed  in  doing 
Justice  vpon  him,  as  hath  bene  done,  (1618.)^^  A  very 
remarkable  and  important  State  paper,  being  the  King's 
justification  for  causing  Ralegh  to  be  executed;  and  for  tibe 


DR.  brushfield's  presidentul  address.  83 

extremely  unusual  proceeding  of  sending  forth  an  explanation 
of  this,  there  must  have  been  very  strong  reasons. 

The  following  remarkable  passage  occurs  in  the  Geography 
delineated  of  the  learned  Nathanael  Carpenter  (1589- 
1628  ?) : 

''I  have  hitherto  touched  such  eminent  wits  and  persons,  of 
whom  for  their  profession  sake  the  Church  or  Commonwealth  have 
greater  reason  to  take  especiall  notice.  Many  inferiour  faculties  are 
yet  left,  wherein  our  Devon  hath  displaied  her  abilities,  as  well  as 
in  the  former,  as  in  Philosophers^  Historians^  OratourSy  and  PoetSf 
the  blazoning  of  whom  to  the  life,  especially  the  last,  I  had  rather 
leaue  to  my  worthy  friend  Mr,  W,  Browne;  who,  as  he  hath 
already  honoured  his  countrie  in  his  elegant  and  sweet  Pastoralls^ 
so  questionles  will  easily  bee  intreated  a  little  farther  to  grace  it, 
by  drawing  out  the  line  of  his  Poeticke  Auncesters,  beginning  in 
Josephiis  Iscanusj  and  ending  in  himselfe."  (£d.  1625,  bk.  2, 
eh.  15,  pp.  263-4.) 

From  this,  W.  C.  Hazlitt  infers  that  Browne  '*  at  one  time 
contemplated  doing  what  was  afterwards  achieved  by  Fuller, 
and,  still  later,  by  Prince — a  biographical  account  of  the 
Ti^orthies  of  Devon  ";^®'^  but  the  text  does  not  bear  this 
interpretation. 

The  title  of  N.  Carpenter's  work,  from  which  the  foregoing 
extract  has  been  taken,  runs  thus  :  Geography  delineated  forth 
in  two  Bookes,  containing  the  sphmHcall  and  topical  parts 
(hereof  (1625,  1635),  a  remarkable  production  considering  the 
period  of  its  publication,  and  one  of  the  earliest  scientific 
treatises  on  the  subject  It  includes  mathematical  geography, 
navigation,  influence  of  climate  on  character,  &c. ;  and  under 
the  following  heading  urges  much  in  praise  of  his  native 
county  of  Devon :  ''  Mountaine  people  are  for  the  most  part 
more  stout,  warlike  and  generous  than  those  of  plain 
countries :  yet  lesse  tractable  to  government."  (Ed.  of  1635, 
bk.  2,  p.  256.)  «8 

A  Treatise  on  Optics  was  written  by  the  same  author,  but 
the  original  MS.  was  lost  at  sea,  and  although  Wood  affirms 
•*  yet  some  copies  of  it  are  saved,  but  imperfect "  (ii.  422), 
nothing  is  known  of  them  at  the  present  date. 

Among  his  multifarious  works,  we  should  hardly  have 
expected  one  on  an  astronomical  subject  from  John  Hooker; 
he  however  published,  in  1577,  The  Events  of  Comets  or 
blazing  Stars. 

The  only  other  scientific  treatises  to  notice,  those  on 
Navigation,  will  be  considered  in  the  Section  on  Voyages,  &c. 


84  DR.   BRUSnFI£LD*S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

Had  he  lived  in  modem  times,  Sir  Nicholas  Halss 
(-1636),  a  native  of  Eflford,  near  Plymouth,  would  in  all 
probability  have  been  a  promoter  of  public  companies, 
created  to  carry  out  his  numerous  inventions.  He  does  not 
appear  to  have  published  anything,  but  many  of  his  MSS., 
containing  scientific  and  political  projects,  have  been  pre- 
served. He  invented  a  process  for  "sweet-drying  malt 
without  touch  of  smoke." 

The  English  Naval  Literature  of  this  period  is,  even  more 
than  that  of  the  drama,  the  great  distinguishing  characteristic 
of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  as,  among  other  things,  it  records 
the  initiation  and  progress,  at  first  by  private  individuals, 
of  the  various  efforts  made  to  discover  new  lands,  to  find  out 
new  modes  of  approach  to  the  New  World  as  well  as  to  the 
far-famed  Cathay,  to  institute  colonies,  &c.,  in  order  to  share 
with  other  European  nations  the  trade  and  commerce  with 
distant  regions,  and  which,  until  the  middle  of  the  century, 
had  been  almost  wholly  restricted  to  Europe.  Before 
entering  upon  its  description  it  is  necessary  to  make  a  few 
preliminary  explanatory  observations. 

Up  to  the  time  of  the  accession  of  Elizabeth  in  1558, 

"  The  true  process  of  English  policie, 
That  wee  bee  masters  of  the  narrowe  see  '* 

— lines  written  in  the  early  part  of  the  15th  century — 
indicated  the  limits  of  the  aspirations  of  the  English  trader, 
voyages  beyond  Europe  being  only  occasionally  made.  ^®* 
Before  the  close  of  the  century,  America  had  been  discovered 
by  Columbus,  Mexico  and  Peru  had  been  captured  by  Cortes 
and  Pizarro,  and  Vasco  de  Gama  had  discovered  the  road  to 
India.  Prior  to  these  occurrences  a  Bull  of  Pope  Alexander  VI., 
under  date  1493,  "  gaue  and  graunted  to  the  Kynges  of 
Castyle  and  theyr  successours  the  Kegions  and  Ilandes 
founde  in  the  West  Ocean  sea  by  the  Nauigations  of  the 
Spanyardes."  In  a  similar  manner  Adrian  IV.  bestowed 
Ireland  on  Henry  II.  in  the  12th  century.  ^^^  The  English 
were  therefore  debarred  from  making  explorations  towards,  or 
trading  with,  the  Western  Continent,  without  being  treated  as 
the  enemies  of  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese.  The  cruel 
treatment  by  the  latter  of  English  seamen  who  fell  into  their 
hands,  the  religious  persecutions,  their  cruelty  to  the  Nether- 
landers,  the  high-handed  proceedings  against  the  English  in 
1585,  when  all  in  Spanish  ports  were  arrested  and  their 
shipping  confiscated,  the  knowledge  that  their  religious  and 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  85 

other  wars,  including  their  purposed  invasion  of  England, 
were  supported  by  the  wealth  derived  from  the  New  World  : 
these,  with  other  reasons,  led  to  an  intense  hatred  of  the 
Spaniards,  lasting  through  this  and  the  next  reigns,  not- 
withstanding all  the  efforts  of  James  T.  to  alter  its  direction. 
Nevertheless,  despite  all  the  dangers  and  difficulties  attending 
the  prosecution  of  enterprises  for  the  purpose  of  trade  or  of 
discovery ,^®^  they  appear  to  have  acted  as  a  stimulus  to  a 
few  determined  individuals,  and  it  was  in  a  large  measure 
owing  to  the  efiforts  of  the  naval  worthies  of  Devon,  that 
we  owe  the  origin  of  our  foreign  commerce  and  of  our 
colonies. 

"  Time  neuer  can  produce  men  to  ore-take 
The  fames  of  Oreenuilf  Davies^  Gilbert,  Drake, 
Or  worthy  Hawkins,  or  of  thousands  more 
That  by  their  powre  made  the  Deuonian  shore 
Mocke  the  proud  Tagus  ;  for  whose  richest  spoyle 
The  boasting  Spaniard  left  the  Indian  soyle 
Banckrupt  of  store." 

( W.  Browne,  BrU.  Pastorals,  bk.  ii.  song  3. ) 

They  laid  the  foundation  of  the  naval  supremacy  of  this 
country.  In  her  time,  Elizabeth  witnessed  the  elevation  of 
England,  and  the  decay  of  the  great  naval  and  military  power 
of  Spain.  The  latter  power  appeared  to  be  at  its  height  in 
the  year  of  the  Great  Armada  (1588).  Ten  years  later 
Philip  II.  died  "hopelessly  bankrupt,"  having  in  the  previous 
year  (1597)  "  repudiated  his  debts,  and  ruined  many  of  the 
chief  commercial  houses  in  Europa  (Creighton's  Age  of 
Elizabeth,  223.) 

The  literature  of  the  deeds  of  our  naval  worthies  is, 
comparatively  speaking,  scanty. 

To  the  labours  of  Eichard  Hakluyt  (1552  ?-1616),  and  his 
successorSamuelPurchas  (1577-1628  ?),  wearemainly  indebted 
for  the  preservation  of  a  large  number  of  the  accounts  of 
voyages  and  expeditions,  few  of  them  having  been  issued  by, 
or  at  the  instigation  of,  the  voyagers  as  separate  works 
(Balegh  being  a  marked  exception).  Many  of  them  were 
apparently  taken  down  by  Hakluyt,  from  verbal  descriptions 
of  those  who  had  taken  part  in  them,  which  otherwise  would 
have  been  lost.  In  these  he  acknowledges  the  assistance 
he  obtained  from  the  Devonians  Wm.  Borough,  Sir  John 
Hawkins,  and  Sir  Walter  Ealegh.  His  first  treatise  was 
issued  in  1582,  followed  by  another  in  1589,  but  the  one 
embodying  the  great  results  of  his  labours  did  not  appear 
until  1599,  and  under  the  title  of  The  PHncipod  Nauiga- 
tians,    Voyages^   Traffigues,  and  Discoveries    of  tht  Euglish, 


86  DB.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PBE8IDENTIAL  ADDJBLSSa 

Nation,  termed  by  Froude  "the  Prose  Epic  of  the  modem 
English  nation/'  A  portion  of  his  Collections  are  included 
in  the  HaJduyt  PosthumuSy  the  Pilgrimes  of  S.  Purchas.^^ 

We  commence  with  the  Hawkins'  Family  "  of  merchants 
statesmen  and  heroes,  to  whom  our  country  affords  no 
parallel."  ^®^  And  first,  of  William  Hawkyns  or  Hawkins 
(-1554?),  a  member  of  a  Tavistock  family,  settled  at  Ply- 
mouth, who,  like  several  of  his  descendants,  was  Mayor  of 
that  town,  and  represented  it  in  Parliament.  As  a  trader 
he  made  several  voyages  to  Brazil  and  Guinea,  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.,  recorded  by  Hakluyt  in  "  A  briefe  relation 
of  two  sundry  voyages  made  by  the  worshipful  M.  William 
Hawkins  of  Plimmouth  ...  in  the  yeere  1530  and  1532." 
(xiv.,  250,  1),^^  the  earliest  by  a  Devonian  reported  in  his 
work. 

His  son.  Sir  John  Hawkins  (1532-1595),  born  at  Plymouth, 
was  "  one  of  the  great  men  who  broke  the  power  of  Spain, 
and  established  England's  maritime  supremacy."  (Professor 
Laughton.)  He  was  an  active  man  in  naval  matters,  ashore 
or  afloat.  Treasurer  of  the  Navy,  and  one  of  the  foremost 
captains  in  the  attack  on  the  Spanish  Armada,  for  which 
he  was  knighted."  ^®^  Of  his  many  voyages,  we  have  full 
accounts  of  four,  all  recorded  by  Hakluyt,  and  all  to  the 
West  Indies  and  the  opposite  coast  of  Africa,  That  of  the 
first,  in  1562,  is  very  short  and  without  author's  name,  but 
is  a  memorable  one  for  being  the  earliest  record  we  possess 
of  an  Englishman's  connection  with  the  Slave  trade,  negroes 
being  captured  in  Guinea  and  sold  in  the  West  Indies,  (xv. 
123-125.^^  Of  his  second  voyage,  made  in  1564  with 
four  ships,  a  long  interesting  description  was  furnished  to 
Hakluyt  by  "  John  Sparke  the  younger,  who  went  vpon  the 
same  voyage,  and  wrote  the  same."  (xv.  125-170.)  This 
Sparke  was  a  Plymouth  man,  afterwards  mayor. 

The  account  of  the  third  voyage  with  six  ships,  in  1567 
and  1568,  written  by  Hawkins  himself,  is  chronicled  by 
Hakluyt  (xv.  170-180),  and  in  a  separate  work,  entitled  A 
true  declaration  of  the  troublesome  voyadge  of  M,  J.  Hawkins 
to  the  parties  of  Guynea  and  the  west-Indies  in  the  yeares  of 
our  Lord  1567  and  1568.  (1569.)^®^  It  was  the  first  occasion 
of  the  Bay  of  Mexico  being  visited  by  English  vessels. 
After  trading  in  negroes,  plundering  Portuguese  vessels,  &c., 
he  was  attacked  by  the  Spanish  fleet  in  the  harbour  of 
San  Juan  de  UUoa  (Vera  Cruz),  and  escaped  with  difficulty 
back  to  England  with  two  of  his  ships,  of  one  of  which 
Drake  was  captain.     Hawkins  thus  concludes  his  account : 


DR.  BRUSHPISLD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  87 

"If  all  the  miseries  and  troublesome  affaires  of  this  sorowfuU 
voyage  should  be  perfectly  and  throughly  written,  there  should 
neede  a  painefull  man  with  his  pen,  and  as  great  a  time  as  he  had 
that  wrote  the  lines  and  deathes  of  the  Martyrs/' 

ProC  Arber  remarks,  **  The  baptism  of  blood  at  San  Juan 
de  Ulloa  was  afterwards  expiated  in  the  plunder  of  many  an 
unfortunate  Spanish  ship."  {£ng.  Garner^  v.  204.)  Of  his 
last  voyage  in  1595,  during  which  he  died,  we  defer  an 
account  until  we  describe  Drake's  achievements. 

Sir  John's  only  son,  Sir  Eichard  Hawkins  (1562?-1622), 
probably  bom  at  Plymouth,  made  a  memorable  but  disastrous 
voyage  on  a  plundering  expedition  against  the  Spaniards. 
After  passing  through  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  he  ascended 
the  coast  as  far  as  Valparaiso,  taking  it  and  some  ships. 
Shortly  after  he  was  attacked  by  a  superior  force  of  Spanish 
vessels,  and  after  fighting  desperately  for  three  days  (similar 
in  several  respects  to  the  incident  of  the  Revenge  in  1591), 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  was  not  released  until  1602.  Ee- 
turning  to  England,  he  wrote  The  Observations  of  Sir  Richard 
Hawkins  Knight  in  his  Voyage  into  the  South  Sea,  Anno 
Domini,  1593,  but  it  was  not  published  until  after  his  death 
in  1622.^*®  It  is  imperfect  in  including  a  portion  only  of 
his  travels ;  it  omits  all  mention  of  Peru,  and  of  his  prison 
lifa  Of  the  places  visited  by  him,  many  interesting  par- 
ticulars are  given. 

Sir  Eichard's  voyage  and  subsequent  imprisonment  led  to 
aa  extraordinary  poetipal  composition  by  William  Kidley 
(Jl,  1624),  of  Dartmouth,  preserved  in  the  British  Museum 
[Sloane  MS.  2024),  and  entitled  "Kidley's  Hawkins,  or  a 
poetical  Belation  of  the  Voyage  of  S"*  Eichard  Hawkins 
Knight  vnto  Mare  del  Zur  .  .  .  1593  ...  By  William  Kidley, 
in  his  Minority,  an  Vndergraduate  in  Exeter  Colledge  in 
Oxford,  at  vacant  howers  in  Ann.  1624,  and  in  the  19th 
yeare  of  his  age."  The  MS.  contains  all  that  is  known  of 
the  writer,  and  was  first  brought  into  notice  by  Dr.  Bliss, 
who  has  given  long  extracts  from  it.   (Wood,  ii.,  368-373.)^^ 

The  next  navigators  to  notice  are  three  members  of  the 
well-known  family  of  Borougu  or  Burrough,  of  Northam. 

Steven  Borough  (1525-1584),  born  at  Northam,  was  one 
of  the  survivors  of  Sir  H.  Willoughby's  ill-fated  expedition, 
in  search  of  a  N.E.  passage  to  Cathay,  in  1553,  and  one 
result  of  his  voyage  is  alluded  to  in  his  epitaph  in  the 
Church  of  St  Mary,  Chatham. 

**  He  in  his  life  time  discouered  Muscovia  by  y®  Northerne  sea 
passage  to  St  Nicholas  in  the  yere  1553." 


88  DR.   BfiUSHFI£LD*S  PKE8IDEMTUL  ADDRESS. 

The  only  other  naval  expedition  of  his  of  which  we  possess 
an  extended  notice,  is  pronounced  by  Mr.  R  W.  Cotton  to  be 
"of  peculiar  interest  from  its  being  almost  the  earliest 
printed  original  account  of  an  English  voyage  which  exists  in 
the  language."  Its  title  is  thus  given  by  Hakluyt^  "The 
Nauigation  and  discouerie  toward  the  riuer  of  Ob,  made  by 
Master  Steuen  Burrough,  Master  of  the  Pinnesse  called  the 
Serchthrift,  with  diuers  things  worth  the  noting,  passed  in 
the  yere  1556."  (iii  116-137.)  Before  returning  to  England, 
he  in  the  following  year  went  in  search  of  Sir  H.  Willoughby's 
missing  vessels.  (Uakluyt,  iii  152-162.)  He  failed  to  reach 
the  Ob,  but  he  found  the  entrance  to  the  Kara  sea  by  the 
straits  of  that  name.  It  was  at  his  instigation  that  Bichard 
Eden  translated  from  the  Spanish  The  Arte  of  NavigcUion,  dx. 
(1561);  a  very  important  work,  issued  at  a  time  when 
there  was  no  English  treatise  upon  it,  and  Borough  saw  the 
need  of  imparting  a  more  scientific  training  to  seamen.  As 
it  passed  through  several  editions  it  was  evidently  popular.** 

Although  the  son  of  Steven,  very  little  is  known  of 
Christopher  Borough  (/.  1579-1581),  beyond  the  one 
voyage  he  made,  fully  recorded  by  Hakluyt  (iv.  101-129) : 
"  Aduertisements  and  reports  of  the  6  voyage  into  the  parts 
of  Persia  and  Media,  for  the  companie  of  English  merchants 
for  the  discouerie  of  new  trades,  in  the  yeeres  1579,  1580 
and  1581,gatbered  out  of  sundrie  letters  written  by  Christopher 
Burrough,  seruant  to  the  saide  compaine,  and  sent  to  his  vncle 
Master  William  Burrough."  It  was  an  expedition  that  even 
in  modern  days  would  be  deemed  adventurous.  After  a 
voyage  to  St.  Nicholas  on  the  White  Sea,  the  merchandise  was 
transhipped  into  barks,  and  conveyed  up  the  Dwina  to 
Vologda;  it  was  there  transferred  to  25  waggons,  and  conveyed 
across  country.  On  the  ninth  day  Yeraslaue  (Yaroslav), 
a  port  on  the  Volga  was  reached,  where  the  goods  were  once 
more  laden  into  barks.  These  sailed  down  the  river,  passing  by 
Nishni  Novgorod  to  Astracan,  where  the  voyagers  arrived  on 
October  16th,  having  started  from  St.  Nicholas  on  July  25th. 
They  had  thus  travelled  through  the  centre  of  modern  Russia 
from  north  to  south.  They  traded  on  both  sides  of  the 
Caspian  Sea,  and  after  passing  two  winters  in  Astracan, 
reached  England  on  September  25th,  1581.  The  incidents  of 
thp  journey  as  related  by  him  are  very  interesting,  and  the 
tables  of  latitudes  show  that  he  had  been  well  trained  by  his 
father. 

The  third  member  of  the  family,  William  Borough 
(1536-1599),  also  of  Northam,  Comptroller  of  the  Navy,  was 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  89 

a  younger  brother  of  Steven  Borough.  In  "a  dedicatory 
Epistle  "  to  the  Queen,  accompanying  ''  his  exact  and  notable 
mappe  of  Bussia/'  he  briefly  related  ''his  great  trauailes, 
obseruations,  and  experiments  both  by  sea  and  land,  especially 
in  those  north-eastern  parts."  (Hakluyt,  iv.  97-99.)  It  is 
certain  that  he  was  a  man  of  great  scientific  attainments,  and 
possessed  of  acute  powers  of  observation.  The  map  of 
Ilussia  (unfortunately  lost)  set  down  the  latitude  and 
longitude  of  many  places  from  his  own  observations  and 
calculations,  and  many  of  his  charts  still  preserved  are  in 
evidence  of  this.  So  also  are  his  "  Instructions  ...  to  be 
observed  in  the  purposed  voyage  for  discovery  of  Cathay 
Eastwards,"  issued  in  1580.  {Ibid,  137-140.)  But  his  most 
important  scientific  work,  was  A  Biscours  of  the  Variation  of 
the  CumpaSf  or  Magnetical  Needle^  and  which  formed  the 
second  part  of  a  volume  published  in  1581,  the  first  being  The 
Newe  Attractive,  cfec,  by  B.  Norman,  a  celebrated  hydrographer. 
It  was  evidently  highly  thought  of  by  seafaring  men,  as 
several  editions  of  it  were  issued,  Borough  demonstrating 
that  existing  charts  were  comparatively  useless,  on  account  of 
the  variations  of  the  compass  remaining  unnoted.^^ 

Of  the  three  sons  of  Otho  Gilbert  of  Compton,  the  most 
eminent  was  Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert  (1539  ?-1583),  who, 
like  his  step-brother  Balegh,  was  possessed  with  the  spirit  of 
discovery  and  of  colonising  distant  lands.  His  first  known 
literary  essay,  was  a  petition  to  the  Queen  (circa  1564)  for 
permission  to  fit  out  an  expedition,  for  the  purpose  of 
attempting  to  discover  a  north-east  passage  to  Cathay.  This 
was  followed  by  a  second  in  1566,  with  the  important 
alteration  of  the  route  being  altered  to  the  north-west. 
Under  the  title  of  A  Discourse  of  a  Discoverie  foi*  a  new 
Passage  to  Cataia,  the  latter  was  published  in  1576,  probably 
without  Gilbert's  authority,  by  his  friend  Geo.  Gascoigne, 
the  satirist.  ^^  In  it  he  enlarges  upon  the  benefits  the 
English  would  derive  from  increased  trade,  as  well  as  upon 
the  advantages  of  colonisation,  and  alludes  to  another  large 
discourse  he  had  written  on  the  subject,  which  has  not  been 
preserved.  These  reports  of  Gilbert  were  the  primary  cause 
of  Frobisher's  KW.  voyages,  1572-1579.  In  the  following 
year  (1577)  his  literary  activity  developed  itself,  in  "A 
discourse  how  Hir  Majestie  may  annoy  the  King  of  Spayne" : 
this  yet  remains  in  MS.^^ 

Bent  upon  a  grand  scheme  of  colonisation,  he  started  with 
an  expedition  in  1578,  of  which  an  account  is  given  in 
Holinshed's  Chronicles,  1589.  (iii.  1369.)    The  Letters  Patent 

VOL.  XXV.  G 


90  DR.  BKUSHFIELD'S  PBESIDEHTIAL  ADD&JEaS. 

granted  him  **  for  the  inhabiting  and  planting  of  our  people 
in  America,"  are  printed  by  Hakluyt  (xii.  306-311),  to^eAer 
with  some  Latin  verses  in  eulogy  of  Gilbert  by  S.  P.  Budseus 
{Ibid.  311-320),  who  was  drowned  in  1583.  The  voyage 
proved  to  be  a  disastrous  one,  from  being  attacked  by  the 
Spaniards,  and  the  ships  returned  to  Englcmd  in  May,  1579. 

An  account  of  Sir  Humphrey's  last  expedition  in  1583, 
intended  for  colonising  purposes,  was  written  by  Edw.  Hayes, 
owner  and  captain  of  one  of  the  vessels,  and  appears  at 
length  in  Hakluyt's  work  (xii  320-358)  under  the  title  of 
"A  report  of  the  voyage  .  .  .  intended  to  discover  and  to 
plant  Christian  inhabitants  in  place  conuenient,  vpon  those 
large  and  ample  countreys  extended  Northward  from  the 
cape  of  F[l]orida,"  &c.  He  sailed  direct  for  Newfoundland, 
of  which  he  took  possession  in  the  Queen's  name.  On  his 
return  voyage  his  little  fleet  encountered  stormy  weather, 
and  his  ship,  a  small  one  of  ten  tons,  suddenly  sunk  with  all 
on  board  on  Sept.  9.  Shortly  before  he  was  heard  to  utter 
the  well-known  sentence,  *'  We  are  as  near  to  heaven  by  sea 
as  by  land."  204  Jq  the  same  year  (1583)  Sir  Geoige 
Peckham,  **  the  chiefe  aduenturer  and  furtherer  of  GilbeiVs 
voyage,"  published  A  trv£  Reporte  of  the  late  discoveries  and 
possession  .  ,  ,  of  the  New-found  Landes,  dkc,^^ 

Sir  H.  Gilbert  found  a  worthy  successor  in  Captain 
EiCHARD  Whitbourne  (/.  1558-1620  ?),  of  Exmouth,  through 
whose  active  labours  Newfoundland  was  permanenUy 
colonised  in  the  reign  of  James  I.  After  having  made  several 
voyages  to  that  country,  he  wrote  A  Discourse  and  Discovery 
of  New-found-land,  Together  with  the  laying  open  of  certains 
enormities  and  abuses  committed  by  some  that  trade  to  thai 
cowntrey,  etc,  issued  in  1620.  With  additions,  it  was  re- 
printed in  1622  and  1623.  By  a  Eoyal  order,  the  work  was 
directed  to  be  supplied  to  all  parishes,  the  expenses  of 
publication  being  defrayed  by  collections  made  on  briefs. 
This  was  done  "for  the  incouragement  of  Adventurers  vnto 
the  plantation  there,"  and  was  the  occasion  of  his  publishing, 
in  1622,  A  discourse  containing  a  loving  invitation  .  .  .  to  all 
s^ivch  as  shall  be  Adventurers  .  .  .  for  the  advancement  of  his 
Majesties  Plantation  in  the  New-fotcnd-land,  An  abstract 
of  the  first  named  was  published  in  1870  by  T.  Whitburn, 
under  the  title  of  Westward  Hoe  for  Avalon  (stated  to  be 
the  name  given  to  Newfoundland  in  the  time  of  James), 
containing  in  an  appendix  copies  of  the  original  auto^ 
biography,  dedication,  &c.  In  his  Survey y  Risdon  terms  him 
"  Sir  Eichard  Whiteboum^  Knight."  (ii  163.) 


DB.  bbushfield's  presidentul  address.  91 

We  pas8  on  to  notice  John  Davis  or  Davys  (1550-1605), 
a  native  of  Sandridge,  on  the  Dart,  who  followed  in  the 
wake  of  Frobisher  in  three  voyages  made  for  the  discovery 
of  the  N.W.  passage,  1585-1587,  during  which  he  went 
much  farther  north  up  Baffin's  Bay  than  any  of  his  pre- 
decessors, and  was  the  discoverer  of  Davis's  Straits.  An 
account  of  his  first  and  third  voyages  was  written  by  John 
Janes,  and  of  the  second  by  Davis  himself.^^  His  most 
recent  biographer  remarks,  "  The  dream  of  Davis's  life  was 
the  discovery  of  the  North- West  Passage,  for  the  increase  of 
the  wealth  and  prosperity  of  his  country."  (Markham,  169.) 
He  was  the  last  of  the  old  mariners  who  attempted  to 
discover  a  N.W.  route  to  Cathay,  and  long  continued  to 
believe  in  its  feasibility,  for  in  1595  he  published  The  Warldes 
Hydrographical  Discription,  and  in  the  title  of  it  affirmed 
"  there  is  a  short  and  speedie  passage  into  the  South  Seas,  to 
China  .  .  .  and  India,  by  Northerly  Navigation,"  and 
included  in  the  work  an  abstract  of  his  three  voyages. 

A  much  more  important  and  popular  work  of  his,  on 
practical  navigation,  entitled  The  Seaman's  Secrets^  appeared 
in  1594  Aiid  passed  through  several  editions. 

.  We  pause  at  the  name  of  the  great  naval  hero.  Sir  Francis 
Drake  (1540  ?-1596),  bom  at  Crowndale,  near  Tavistock. 
Here  is  W.  Browne's  allusion  to  it — 

**  And,  Tavy,  in  my  rimes 
Challenge  a  due  ;  lett  it  thy  glorye  be, 
That  famouB  Drake  and  I  were  borne  by  thee." 

{Brit,  PastoraUy  bk.  ill  song  1.) 

Fortunately  we  have  only  to  do  with  the  literary  record  of 
his  achievements,  none  of  which  appear  to  have  been  chronicled 
by  himself.  According  to  Camdeo,  the  starting-point  of  his 
determined  vigour  against  the  Spaniards,  was  to  repair  the 
losses  he  had  incurred  during  the  "  Troublesome  voyage  "  of 
Sir  J.  Hawkins  in  1567-8,  for  which  he  '*  blocked  up  the  Bay 
of  Mexico  for  two  years  together  with  continual  defeats." 
(Britannia  (1695),  27.) 

After  two  preliminary  voyages  in  1570  and  1571,  he 
started  on  his  third  from  Plymouth  on  May  24,  1572,  and 
returned  "on  Sunday,  about  sermon  time,  August  the  9th, 
1573,  rich  in  fame  as  well  as  in  money.''  He  had  taken  and 
sacked  Nombre  de  Dios  and  other  Spanish  towns,  burnt 
many  ships,  and  captured  much  treasure.  It  was  during  this 
voyage,  that  he  is  said  to  have  seen  the  South  Sea  for  the 
first  time,  from  a  high  tree  on  the  Isthmus  of  Darien.     A 

o  2 


^  j  DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S   PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

full  Import  of  it  was  for  the  first  time  printed  in  1626»  under 
tlie  title  of  Sir  FruTieis  Drake  revived;  Calling  upon  this 
dull  or  effeminate  Age,  to  follow  his  nobl-e  steps  for  gold  and 
dliYr,  and  edited  **by  Philip  Nichols,  Preacher."**'  His 
memorable  voyage  round  the  world,  started  from  Plymouth 
on  December  13,  1577,  and  returned  on  September  26,  1580 ; 
but  no  published  account  of  it  appeared  till  1628,  and  then 
under  the  title  of  The  World  Encompassed  by  Sir  Francis 
Draice^  "  carefully- collected  out  of  the  notes  of  Master 
Francis  Fletcher  Preacher  in  this  imployment,  and  diuers 
others  his  followers  in  the  same.*^  Both  this  and  the  pre- 
ceding work  passed  through  several  editions.  One  of  the 
most  popular  acts  of  Elizabeth  was  to  visit  Drake  on  April  4, 
1581,  on  his  famous  ship  at  Deptford  ^the  one  that  had 
brought  home  an  enormous  amount  of  plunder  taken  from 
the  Spaniards),  and  there  to  knight  him. 

When  the  King  of  Spain  in  1585  laid  an  embargo  on 
English  ships  and  merchandise,  a  large  English  fleet  com- 
manded by  Drake,  sailed  on  September  14th  of  that  year 
to  attack  the  Spanish  settlements  in  the  West  Indies  and 
Spanish  Main,  and  returned  on  July  28th,  1586,  after  having 
plundered  and  destroyed  towns  and  shipping  to  an  enormous 
extent.  An  account  of  the  expedition  appeared  in  A  Summarit 
and  true  discourse  of  Sir  Francis  Drakes  West  Indian  Voyage, 
Wherein  were  taken  the  Tovmes  of  Saint  lago,  Sancto  Domingo^ 
Cartagena,  and  Saint  Augustine.  (1589.)*^  One  effect  of 
this  on  the  Spanish  King  was  to  hasten  his  preparations  for 
the  invasion  of  England.  Of  this  the  English  government  had 
information,  and  an  expedition  under  the  command  of  Drake 
sailed,  on  April  2nd,  1587,  direct  for  Cadiz,  and  Drake's  desire 
"to  singe  King  Philip's  beard"  was  fully  carried  out.  At 
Cadiz  and  other  places  he  destroyed  an  enormous  amount  of 
shipping  and  stores,  besides  retaining  a  large  amount  of 
plunder.  It  resulted  in  the  Spaniards  having  to  delay  for 
another  year  their  projected  attack  on  England.  On  the 
return  voyage  he  captured  the  San  Philip,  a  Portuguese  East 
Indiaman,  containing  booty  valued  at  £100,000,  "the  first 
of  that  kind  that  euer  was  scene  in  Eogland."  Under  the 
title  of  Newes  out  of  the  Coast  of  Spaine  (1587),  Henry 
Haslop  published  "a  true  report"  of  Drake's  labours.  Another 
account  is  recorded  by  Hakluyt.  (vii.  8-12.)*^® 

The  last  voyage  in  which  he  was  engaged  he  commanded, 
jointly  with  Sir  J.  Hawkins,  an  expedition  to  the  West 
Indies,  the  most  mournful  one  in  the  Elizabethan  annals.  It 
left  Plvmouth  in  August  1595,  and  after  various  disasters 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  93 

came  the  greatest  of  all,  by  the  deaths  through  illness, 
first  of  Hawkins,  then  of  Drake.  Within  sight  of  Nombre 
de  Dios  Drake's  body  was  consigned  to  the  deep. 

"  The  waves  became  his  windinfi^  sheet ;  the  waters  were  his  tomb  ; 
Bat,  for  his  fame,  the  ocean  sea  was  not  sufficient  room.'' 

Haklayt(xv.  298-313)  contains  a  daily  diary  of  occurrences 
daring  the  expedition,  entitled,  "  The  voyage  truely  discoursed 
.  .  .  chiefly  pretended  for  some  speciall  seruice  on  the 
Islands  and  maine  of  the  West  Indies  ...  in  the  yeere  1595. 
In  which  voyage  both  the  foresayd  Knights  died  by  sicknesse." 
Another  account  by  Thomas  Maynarde,  who  accompanied 
the  expedition,  is  printed  by  the  Hakluyt  Society  (1849), 
imder  the  title  of  Sir  Francis  Drake  his  voyagty  1595. 

Of  the  influence  of  his  name  on  the  Spaniards  we  may 
accept,  as  being  literally  correct,  the  statement  in  "  Dick  of 
Devonshire": — 

'•The  very  name  of  Drake 
Was  a  Bugbear  to  fright  Children  ;  Narses  stiird 
Their  little  Spanish  Nynnyes  when  they  cryde 
•  Hush  !  the  Drake  comos,"^ "  (Act  i.  sc  2.  )*" 

In  refutation  of  the  character  of  Drake,  Henry  Savile, 
Captain  of  the  Adventure  in  Drake's  last  voyage,  wrote  A 
JUbd  of  Spanish  Lies  (1596).  The  death  of  ]3rake  called 
forth  many  poetical  pieces:  the  most  important  was  that 
of  the  Eev.  Chas.  Fitz-Geffry,  Eector  of  St.  Dominick, 
Cornwall,  then  in  his  22nd  year,  and  bore  the  title.  Sir 
Prancis  Drake  his  honourable  lifes  commendation,  and  his 
Tragicail  Deaihes  lamentation  (1596).  It  is,  however,  pain- 
fully long,  consisting  of  285  seven-line  verses,  of  very 
unequal  merit,  some,  as  in  the  following  specimen,  being 
something  more  than  eccentric : 

"Fame's  stately  Pharos,  map  of  dignity, 
Jove's  pearl,  pearl's  pride,  pride's  foe,  foe's  enemy, 
Spain-shaking  ferer-regent  of  war's  thunder, 
Undaunted  Drake,  a  name  importing  wonder." 

t  (Verse  11.)"* 

The  life  of  Drake  presents  another  literary  aspect  not 
to  be  overlooked,  viz.,  the  large  amount  of  folk-lore  associated 
with  his  name,  and  to  his  only  to  any  extent,  of  the  many 
Devonshire  celebrities.  The  whole  of  the  circumstances 
pertaining  to  his  circumnavigation  of  the  globe,  the  public 
honours  he  received  from  the  Queen,  his  marvellous  exploits 
by  sea  and  land  directed  against  the  Spaniards,  the  circum- 
stances of  his  death,  &c.,  not  only  made  him  the  popular  hero 
amongst  his  countrymen,  but  there  was  a  wide-spread  belief 
of  his  success  being  due  to  supernatural  causes,  a  belief  that 


94  DB.  BRUSHHELD'S  PRE8IDENTUL  ADDRESS. 

extended  itself  to  other  acts  of  his,  such  as  the  constrnctioii 
of  the  Plymouth  Leat,  his  method  of  creating  ships  on  an 
emergency,  his  mode  of  communication  with  his  wife  (or  his 
betrothed  ?)  from  the  Antipodes  when  she  was  about  to  many 
another  man,  the  building  operations  at  Bucklcmd  Abbey,  &c. 
His  name  is  even  associated  with  that  of  Shakespeare,  in 
one  of  the  variants  of  the  "  Merchant  of  Venice."*" 

One  who  had  voyaged  with  Drake,  and  who  attempted 
a  privateering  expedition  on  his  own  account,  was  John 
OxENHAM  or  OxNAM  {fl.  1575)  of  Plymouth,  the  first  English- 
man who  entered  the  South  Sea.  On  landing  at  the  Isthmus 
of  Darien,  he  ''couered  his  ship  after  he  had  brought  her 
aground  with  boughs  of  trees,"  crossed  the  Isthmus  to  a 
river,  "  and  there  he  cut  wood  and  made  a  Pinnesse,  which 
was  fine  and  fortie  foote  by  the  Keele,"  and  "  so  went  into 
the  South  Sea."*^*  Having  captured  several  valuable  prizes, 
he  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  and  executed  as  a  pirate.  An 
account  of  his  voyage,  written  by  Lopez  Vaz,  a  Portuguese, 
who  recorded  Drake's  voyage  to  Nombre  de  Dios  in  1572,  is 
printed  by  Hakluyt  (xv.  192-195),  as  "a  voyage  of  John 
Oxnam  of  Plimmouth,  to  the  West  India,  and  oner  the 
straight  of  Dariene  into  the  South  Sea.    Anno  1575." 

Purchas  records  "  the  taking  of  Saint  Vincent  and  Puerto 
Bello"  by  Captain  William  Parker,  "of  Plimmouth,"  on 
Feb.  7th,  1601.  (PilgHmes,  iv.  1243-1245.  Vide  also  Worth's 
ffisL  of  Plymouth  (1890),  62.) 

Sir  Thomas  Gates  (/.  1596-1621)  was,  according  to 
Prince,  "  bom  at  CoUeford  in  the  parish  of  Colleton  "  in  this 
county.  As  Governor  of  Virginia  he  left  England  in  1609, 
was  wrecked  on  the  Bermudas,  and  remained  on  the  island 
nine  months  before  he  was  enabled  to  leave  for  his  intended 
destination.  S.  Jourdan,  one  of  the  voyagers,  on  his  return 
to  England  in  1610,  published  in  the  same  year  A  Discovery 
of  the  Bamivdas,  otherwise  called  the  He  of  Devils :  by  Sir 
Thomas  Gates, .  .  .  with  diicers  others,  &c.^^  It  is  asserted  that 
to  this  work  Shakespeare  was  indebted  for  his  idea  of  The 
Tempest,^^^  written  about  two  years  afterwards  (1612).  In  it, 
Ariel  alludes  to  "  the  still  vex'd  Bermoothes."  (Act  i.  sc,  2.) 

For  naval  matters  generally,  we  are  more  indebted  to  that 
universal  genius,  Sir  W.  Ealegh  (1552-1618),  than  to  any 
other  Devonshire  writer.  Some  of  his  shorter  works  on  this 
subject  were  penned  during  his  long  confinement  in  the 
Tower,  for  the  information  of  Prince  Henry.    These  comprised 


DB.  bbushpield's  presidbntul  address.  95 

a  Treatise  on  the  Art  of  War  by  Sea,  of  which  a  fragment 
only  has  been  preserved ;  Discourse  of  a  Maritimal  Voyage, 
lost ;  Ohservatians  and  Notes  concerning  the  Boyal  Navy  and 
Sea-Science  (1650) ;  A  discourse  of  the  invention  of  Ships,  &c. 
(1650)  never  completed.  Whether  he  wrote  A  discourse  of 
SeonPorts  has  been  doubted,  but  he  was  certainly  the  author 
of  A  relation  of  Cadiz  Action  in  the  year  1596  (1698).  The 
one  of  this  class  that  caused  a  good  deal  of  excitement  when 
published  in  1591,  was  A  Export  of  the  truth  of  the  fight 
about  the  Isles  of  A  fores,  this  last  Sommer,  Betwixt  the 
Revenge,  one  of  her  Maiesties  Shippes,  and  an  Armada  of  the 
King  of  Spaine,  It  relates  how  his  friend,  Sir  fiichard 
GrenviUe,  under  the  most  honourable  circumstances,  in  his 
ship,  the  Revenge,  withstood  for  fifteen  hours  the  attack  of 
the  Spanish  fleet,  and  it  was  only  after  two  of  their  great 
galleons  had  been  sunk,  and  others  disabled,  and  when  the 
Revenge  had  become  a  battered  wreck,  with  nearly  all  its 
men  killed  or  wounded,  and  the  ammunition  spent,  that  it 
was  surrendered.  Even  this  was  directly  against  the  wish 
of  GrenviUe,  who,  severely  wounded,  was  taken  on  board 
the  ship  of  the  Spanish  admiral,  where  he  soon  afterwards 
died.  The  work,  although  issued  without  author's  name, 
was  soon  recognised  as  the  production  of  Balegh  (to  whom 
it  was  assigned  by  Hakluyt  in  his  Principal  Navigations, 
&C.,  of  1599),  and  is  memorable  for  being  the  first  of  his 
that  was  printed.  His  plain,  unaffected,  but  powerful  de- 
scription of  "the  most  astonishing  naval  conflict  ever 
delineated  by  any  pen,"  went  direct  to  the  hearts  of  his 
countrymen,  and  his  protest  against  ''the  slauerie  and 
tyrannie  of  Spaine,"  served  to  intensify  the  popular  hatred 
against  that  country.  It  was  a  vindication  of  the  memory 
of  his  dead  friend,  and  its  publication  was  probably  hastened 
"that  it  might  be  received  as  evidence  before  Sir  R.  Beville's 
commission,  which  was  to  meet  a  month  later  to  inquire  into 
the  circumstances  of  Grenville's  death."  (E.  Gosse,  Raleigh, 
51.)  Balegh/s  narrative  has  come  into  more  prominent 
notice  of  late,  from  being  the  groundwork  of  Tennyson's 
''The  Eevenge.  A  ballad  of  the  fleet,"  one  of  the  most 
stirring  of  the  many  productions  of  the  late  poet  laureate.^^ 
Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert's  schemes  of  colonization  descended 
to  his  half-brother,  Ealegh,  who,  in  1584,  obtained  a  charter, 
empowering  him  to  discover  and  to  colonise  lands.  The 
result  of  his  endeavours  was  the  discovery  and  occupation  of 
Virginia,  all  duly  chronicled  in  the  pages  of  Hakluyt  (xiii. 
276-388),  and,  with  one  exception  (Hariot's  treatise),  confined 


96  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

to  them  until  the  present  century.  At  the  request  of  Bal^h, 
Hakluy t  wrote  **  A  Discourse  on  Westeme  planting,"  ^^  in 
which  he  recounts  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  colonisingj 
and  trading  with  the  western  world.  He  alludes  to  the 
cruelties  of  the  Spaniards,  through  whose  agency  he  affirmfl 
"Englishe  trades  are  growen  beggerly  or  daungerous."  In 
that  year  (1584)  he  sent  out  his  first  expedition,  and  an 
account  written  by  one  of  the  captains,  appears  in  Haklayl 
(xiii,  282-293),  as,  "  the  first  voyage  made  to  the  coasts  oj 
America,  with  two  barks,  wherein  where  Gaptaines  M.  Philif 
Amadas,  and  M.  Arthur  Barlowe,  who  discouered  part  ol 
the  countrey  now  called  Virginia  Anno  1584."  How  Ralegl 
named  the  newly-discovered  country  "  Virginia,"  in  honooi 
of  his  Queen,  by  whom  he  was  knighted,  is  a  matter  ol 
well-known  history.  In  the  following  year  Sir  Richard 
Grenville  sailed  there  with  a  number  of  intended  colonists 
and  others,  among  them  Thomas  Hariot,  a  highly  scientific 
man,  who  remained  in  the  colony  for  twelve  months,  sor 
veyiog,  &c.,  and  on  his  return  in  1588,  published  A  brie/i 
afid  true  reporte  of  tJie  new  found  land  of  Virginia^  &c 
This,  and  an  account  of  other  voyages  (five  in  all)  are  in- 
cluded in  Hakluyt's  work.  Although  these  early  attempts 
to  found  a  colony  there  were  unsuccessful, ''  none  the  less,' 
remarks  Edwards,  "  Ealegh  is  the  virtual  founder  of  Virginia 
and  of  what  has  grown  thereout."  {Op,  ciL  i.  93.)*^  Il 
may  be  mentioned  that  Ralegh  never  visited  that  country. 

Guiana,  the  ignis  fatuus  of  Ralegh,  the  scene  of  hit 
greatest  triumph,  and  the  occasion  of  his  death,  was  th< 
country  to  which  he  directed  his  last  expedition,  havinf 
been,  remarks  the  historian  Stow,  "  incoraged  by  ths 
reports  of  certaine  Spanish  gentlemen  his  prisoners,  as  als< 
by  certaine  relations  printed  in  the  Spanish  tongue,"  &c 
(Annates,  1019.)  In  1594  he  sent  Capt  Whiddon  to  th< 
South  American  coast  to  make  some  preliminary  enquires 
and  on  his  return  he  made  his  celebrated  voyage  in  1595,  as 
recorded  in  his  volume  of  the  following  year  (1596)  entitlec 
The  Discoverie  .  .  ,  of  Gviana,^^  He  arrived  at  Trinidac 
near  the  end  of  March,  from  whence  he  proceeded  by  boatc 
up  the  River  of  the  Red  Cross,  ooe  of  the  great  mouths  ol 
the  Orinoco,  that  discharges  itself  considerably  west  o: 
Trinidad.  He  reached  the  Orinoco  itself  in  about  a  fortnight 
and  proceeded  up  the  stream  for  another  fortnight,  as  far  as 
the  great  tributary  river  from  the  south.  (R.  Caroli.)  On  his 
return  journey  he  traversed  another  outlet  of  the  Orinoco,  tc 
the  east  of  the  former.     He  returned  to  England  in  the  sam< 


DB.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  97 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  country  visited  and  described 
hyr   him,  is  entirely  within  the  boundaries  of  the  modern 
V'^nezuela.    The  present  British  Guiana  lies  to  the  east  of 
it;^    and  was  not  visited  by  Balegh.     His  work  became  for  a 
time  very   popular,  two   editions  of   it   being  required  in 
the  first  year.     Its  value  was  however  much  more  appreciated 
on    the   Continent,   where   it   was   translated   into   all    the 
EviTopean  languages,  and  was  repeatedly  printed,  especially 
^y  the  Dutch  and  Germans.     Probably,  from  his  anxiety  for 
it;s  early  publication,  to  meet  some  of  the  unjust  assertions 
pa^wie  against  him,  the  work  was  not  properly  completed,  and 
io.    his  concluding  lines  he  affirms  "  to  speake  more  at  this 
time,  I  feare  would  be  but  troublesome."    Although   he 
sfcirongly  urged  the  Queen  to  "  possesse  it,"  nothing  came  of 
hi^   recommendation.     His    statements   were    deemed    too 
romantic  and  fabulous  to  deserve  serious  attention,  and  were 
axscordingly  discredited.     His  detractors  asserted  he  had  not 
v^isited  Guiana  at  all,  but  had  passed  the  time  in  Cornwall ; 
&xi<l  that  the  specimens  of  ore  he  brought  back  were  marcasite 
(iix)n  pyrites),  or,  if  gold,  obtained  from  some  other  source.^^ 
Again,  in  our  own  times,  the  historian  Hume  has  charac- 
terised Balegh's  book,  as   "  full  of   the  grossest  and  most 
palpable  lies  that  were  ever  attempted  to  be  imposed  on  the 
credulity  of  mankind."  ^^     It  has  been  left  to  a  modem 
editor  of  the  Discovery,  Sir  R.  H.  Schomburgk,  who  had 
explored  the  delta  of  the  Orinoco,  and  had  been  resident  in 
Gruiana  for  eight  years,  to  testify  to  "  the  general  correctness 
of  Salegh's  descriptions  " ;  and  he  speaks  in  like  praise  of  his 
geographical  knowledge  of  the  Guiana  country,  affirming  it 
to  be  "really  wonderfuL"     In  a  perusal  of  Ralegh's  volume, 
due  regard  must  be  paid  to  the  statement  of  facts  observed  by 
Umself,  as  distinguished  from  the  information  he  received 
^m  others — hearsay  evidence.     (It  may  be  noted  that  the 
trustworthiness  of  the  work  of  the  great  father  of  history, 
Herodotus,  rests  mainly  on  this  distinction.)     Of  his  own 
observed  facts  he  mentions  "  one  salt  riuer  that  had  store  of 
oisters  vpon  the*  branches  of   the  trees."   (2.)     This   was 
doubted  at  first,  but  is  now  an  ascertained  fact ;  at  high- 
^ater  "  they  attach  themselves  chiefly  to  the  mangrove  tree 
• .  .  the  water  flowing  off  during  the  ebb  leaves  the  branches 
^ith  the  oysters  attached  to  them  high  and  dry."  (Schom- 
^^^K  Op.  cit  3.)     Two  examples  of  statements  made  to 
Wm  as  facts   will   suffice.     Of  the  "Amazones,"  a  tribe 
of  "  warlike    women,"    he    remarks,    "  I    will    set   downe 
^hat  hath  been  deliuered  me  for  truth  of  those  women, 


98  DK.  BKUSBFIELD'S  presidential  ADDB18& 

bicause  of  some  it  is  beleened,  of  others  not"  (28.)  He 
mentions  "a  nation  of  people  whose  heades  appeaie  not 
aboue  their  shoulders,  which,  though  it  may  be  thought  a  meeie 
fable,  yet  for  mine  owne  part  I  am  resolued  it  is  true,  because 
every  child  in  the  prouinces  of  Arromaia  and  Canuri  affirms 
the  same."  (69,  70.)  Of  this  Schomburgk  remarks  {Op.  eU. 
85),  that  Balegh  "merely  related  the  common  belief  of 
the  natives,  not  only  at  the  period  of  his  visit,  but  up  to 
this  day."  2^  His  work  was  highly  praised  by  literary 
men,  and  deservedly  so,  for  it  is  a  charming  narrative. 
Camden  observes, ''  He  most  accurately  described  the  countries, 
as  if  hee  had  been  borne  and  bred  there."  (AnnaUs,  445.) 
''It  was  the  first  excellent  piece  of  sustained  traveller's 
prose,"  and  "  remained  long  without  a  second  in  our  litera^ 
ture."  (E.  Gosse,  Op.  cit,  85.)  22* 

Other  expeditions  to  Guiana  were  sent  by  Balegh  ;  one,  in 
1595,  under  Lawrence  Keymis  ;  another  in  1596 ;  accounts 
of  both  are  in  Hakluyt  (xv.  49-93,  98-110) ;  the  former  was 
also  published  as  a  separate  work.  Mr.  Thomas  Masham,  "  a 
gentleman  of  the  companie,"  wrote  the  account  of  the  one 
made  in  1596. 

Eeleased  from  his  long  imprisonment  on  Jan.  30,  1616, 
with  the  understanding  ''that  he  should  make  direct  prepara- 
tions for  a  voyage  to  Guiana,"  to  discover  a  gold  mine,  in  the 
proceeds  of  which  the  King  was  to  share,  he  left  Plymouth 
on  June  12th,  1617,  and  returned  to  the  same  port  on  June 
21st  of  the  following  year.  His  Apologie  for  his  Voyojgt  to 
Guiana  remained  unprinted  till  1650.^^  It  adds  nothing 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  country,  but  is  the  apology  of  a 
broken-hearted  man,  who  had  lost  his  fortune  and  his  eldest 
son.  His  own  words  are :  **  I  have  spent  my  poore  estate, 
lost  my  Sonne,  and  my  health,  and  endured  as  many  sorts  of 
miseries  as  ever  man  did,  in  hope  to  do  his  Majesty  acceptable 
servica"  In  addition,  his  most  trusted  associate,  Capt 
Keymis,  had  committed  suicide.  Whatever  else  may  be 
urged  against  Ealegh,  he  was  to  the  last  a  firm  believer  in  the 
gold  of  Guiana,  and  modern  investigations  are  gradually  con- 
firming the  correctness  of  that  belief.  His  most  recent 
biographer,  W.  Stebbing,  corroborates  this  in  a  most  marked 
manner:  "Of  the  gold  field  in  Venezuela,  which  was  com- 
prised in  Ralegh's  Guiana,  a  Government  Inspector  of  Mines 
stated  in  1889  that  he  believed  we  had  in  it  Sir  Walter's  el 
Dorado  itself."  (Life  of  Ralegh,  121.)  But  in  1618  the 
expedition  of  Ralegh  failed,  and  to  please  the  Spaniards 
James  sent  him  to  the  block. 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  99 

The  Historical  Section  is  the  last  one  to  describe,  and  we 
commence  with  John  Hooker,  Hoker,  or  Vowell  (1526  ?- 
1601),  the  Exeter  Chamberlain,  who  heads  the  list  with  his 
numerous  productions. 

The  publication  of  The  Chronicles  of  R  Holinshed,  in  1577, 
had  been  so  successful,  that  another  edition  was  soon  needed, 
but  the  author  having  died  in  1580,  the  editorship  was 
entrusted  to  Hooker,  and  although  he  wrote  many  important 
works,  this  was  his  principal  published  one.  It  was  issued 
in  three  folio  volumes  in  1586-7,  and  the  Annals  were 
not  only  continued  up  to  the  date  of  publication  by 
Hooker,**^  but  amongst  many  other  additions,  his  own 
separate  contributions  consist  of  an  account  of  the  Great 
Rebellion  in  the  West  in  1549,  a  description  of  Exeter  and 
of  the  sieges  it  had  sustained,  and  a  Catalogue  of  the  Bishops 
of  Exeter.  The  second  volume  includes  a  translation  by 
Hooker,  of  the  Irish  Historic  written  by  Giraldus  Cambrensis, 
with  a  dedication  to  Sir  Walter  Ealegh,  to  whom  **John 
Hooker  wisheth  a  long,  a  happie,  and  a  prosperous  life,  with 
the  increase  of  honour."  It  may  be  noted,  that  Shakespeare 
borrowed  the  plots  of  his  English  and  Scotch  historical  plays 
from  Holinshed's  volumes. 

Almost  of  equal  celebrity  to  Hooker  as  an  historian  and 
antiquary  is  John  Barkham  or  Barcham,  d.d.  (1572  ?-1642), 
also  a  native  of  Exeter,  better  known  for  rendering  literary 
assistance  to  othc^,  rather  than  for  any  separate  publications 
of  his  own.  To  Speed's  History  of  Great  Britaine  (1611),  in 
addition  to  other  assistance,  he  contributed  "The  Life  of 
Henry  XL"  (455-471),  and  "The  Life  of  John"  (483-507), 
the  latter  being  termed  by  Fuller  (i.  276)  "  the  King  of  all 
the  Baigns  in  that  Book,  for  profound  penning."  ^27 

How  far  he  assisted  John  Guillim  in  his  Display  of 
Heraldry  is  unknown.  Wood  (iii.  36)  attributes  the  work  to 
Barkham,  "being  mostly  composed  in  his  younger  years," 
but  deeming  it  "  too  light  a  subject  for  him  to  own  "  he  gave 
the  copy  to  Guillim,  "  who,  adding  some  trivial  things  to  it, 
published  it,  with  leave  from  the  author,  under  his  own 
name,  and  it  goeth  to  this  day  under  the  name  of  Ghiillim's 
Heraldry"  In  this  opinion  Dr.  Bliss  {Ibid,  ii.  299)  did  not 
coincida  That  Barkham  simply  helped  him  in  the  work  is 
more  probable,  and,  to  use  the  words  of  Fuller  (i.  276),  "  Mr. 
Guillim,  in  Heraldry,  was  much  beholden  to  this  Doctor's 
emendations."  There  is  a  paper  on  this  subject  by  F.  R 
Olifant  in  Blackwood's  Magazine  for  June,  1886,  in  which 
Guillim's  claim  to  the  authorship  is  tolerably  well  established 


100  DB.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

as  the  correct  one.  Wood  (iii.  36)  reports  that  he  wrote  the 
preface  to  a  posthumous  book  of  Crakanthorp  against  the 
Archbishop  of  Spalatro,  and  also  "  a  book  containing  coinc 
in  MS./'  now  lost.  He  gave  his  collection  of  coins  to  Arch- 
bishop Laud,  who  subsequently  presented  it  to  the  Bodleian 
Library. 

William  Martin  (1562-1617),  a  member  of  a  family  oi 
much  importance  in  Exeter,  to  which  it  gave  several 
Mayors,  he  himself  being  Recorder  (1605-1617),  published 
the  year  before  his  death,  The  Histarie  and  Lives  of  the  Kingk 
of  JEngland  (1616),  extending  to  the  end  of  the  reign  oi 
Henry  YIIL  James  I.  ''took  some  exceptions  at  a  passage 
therein,  sounding  either  to  the  derogation  of  his  own  family 
or  of  the  Scotch  nation,"  and  this,  according  to  Fuller  (i  275) 
hastened  the  death  of  the  author.  In  his  dedication  h( 
complains  that  "  yong  gentlemen  .  .  .  doe  rather  .  .  .  reade 
ouer  the  more  narrowly  contracted  Histories  of  other  coun- 
tries, than  the  voluminous  discourses  of  their  owne."  Then 
are  curious  commendatory  verses  written  by  each  of  his  aonf 
and  his  son-in-law.  The  history  is  of  local  interest,  for  con- 
taining an  account  of  the  siege  of  Exeter  by  the  ComisI: 
rebels,  and  of  the  visit  of  Henry  VII.  to  that  city.  Othei 
editions  followed  in  1628  and  1635,  the  latter  (by  B.  R.] 
being  continued  to  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.^^s 

Three  minor  books  bear  the  name  of  Sir  W.  Ralege 
(1552-1618)  as  author.  1.  TvMs  ffistoricus:  An  Historical 
Perspective  (1636),  a  set  of  Chronological  Tables,  with  t 
Catalogue  of  Kings,  &c.^^  2.  A  Discourse  of  Tenures,  first 
printed  in  Gutch's  Collectanea  Curiosa  (1781),  L  50-94,  anc 
3,  An  Inirodtiction  to  a  Breviary  of  the  History  of  England 
with  the  Reign  of  King  William  the  I,  (1693) — two  shorl 
articles  printed  from  a  MS.  formerly  in  the  possession  oi 
Archbishop  Sancroft,  by  Dr.  Moore,  afterwards  Bishop  ol 
Ely,  by  whom  "the  Preface  of  the  Publisher'*  was  written 
(Oldys,  i.  460-1.)  That  they  are  simply  fragments  of  ax 
intended  larger  work  is  evident  from  the  opening  passage  ol 
the  Introduction:  "I  intend  ...  to  write  a  Brief  Historj 
of  England,  from  William  I.  entitled  the  Conqueror,  tc 
the  End  of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  of  perpetual 
memory."  2^ 

In  the  department  of  Irish  history  we  have,  in  additioi 
to  the  labours  of  Hooker  already  mentioned,  two  othei 
Devon  contributors.  Sir  Josias  Bodley  (1550?-1618),  bort 
at  Exeter,  the  younger  brother  of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  sa^ 
much  active  service  in  Ireland  during  the  early  part  of  th< 


DB.   BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  101 

17 til  century,  and  wrote  a  kind  of  Itinerary  in  doggerel  Latin 
Terse,  entitled  A  Jocular  Description  of  a  Journey  hy  him 
tctken  to  Lecale  in  Ulster  in  1602,  published  with  a  translation 
in  the  Ukt&r  Journal  of  Archaeology ,  ii.  (1854)  73-97.  He  is 
also  reported  to  have  penned  Observations  concerning  the 
Fi^rtresses  of  Ireland,  a  MS.  said  by  Wood  (ii.  127)  to  have 
been  in  the  library  of  Sir  I.  Ware,  and  afterwards  probably  in 
tliat  of  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  now  lost 

To  George  Carkw,  Baron  Carew  of  Clopton  and  Earl  of 

Totnes  (1555-1629),  a  Devonian  (Wood,  ii.  446),  we  owe  the 

vast  literary  collections  which  throw  so  much  light  on  Irish 

history,  and  especially  upon  the  province  of  Munster  (of 

which  he  was  president,  1600-1603)  during  the  thirty  years 

he  spent  in  Ireland  (1574-1603).   Although  generally  credited 

with    (probably    on   Wood's    authority,    ii.    447-8)   Facata 

Sibemia.  .  .  .  Or,  an  historie  of  the  late  warres  of  Ireland 

(1633),  "the  virtual  author  ...  is  undoubtedly  Sir  Thomas 

Stafford,  reputed  to  be   Carew's  illegitimate  son,  who  had 

served  under  Carew  in  Munster."  {IHct,  Nat.  Biog,)    This  is 

^>ased  upon   the   MS.   collections   bequeathed   to  him  by 

Carew,  and  which  subsequently  came  into  the  possession  of 

Archbishop  LauA^^i 

Two  volumes  of  the  Camden  Society,  edited  by  J.  Maclean, 
contain  interesting  correspondence  to  and  from  him.  In  the 
first  (1860),  Letters  from  him  to  Sir  Thomas  Eoe,  then 
Ambassador  to  the  Court  of  the  Great  Mogul  (1615-1617), 
we  full  of  gossipping  news  and  social  history.  The  second 
(1864),  Letters  from  Sir  Rohef^t  Cecil  to  him  (1600-1603), 
^late  principally  to  Irish  affairs.  He  was  the  friend  of  the 
literary  men  of  his  time,  and  assisted  Camden  in  his 
^^nnia.  According  to  Wood  (ii.  448),  he  made  collections 
'^r  a  History  of  the  reign  of  Henry  V.,  "which  were 
Emitted "  into  Speed's  work,  and  some  authors  have  there- 
upon asserted  that  Carew  wrote  the  article,  but  Wood's 
statement  does  not  amount  to  this.^^ 

Under  the  heading  of  Social  History,  the  history  of  minor 
local  events,  at  one  time  unnoticed  by  the  ordinary  historian, 
W  now  recognised  as  being  of  much  importance,  in  addition 
*o  the  Carew  correspondence,  just  noted,  three  other  works 
ttav  be  cited.  For  the  first  we  are  indebted  to  Philip  Wyot 
(-1608?),  a  Devonian,  and  probably  a  native  of  Braunton, 
^ho,  during  his  period  of  office  of  Town  Clerk  of  Barnstaple 
(1586-1608),  kept  a  journal  of  local  occurrences,  deaths, 
prices  of  food,  and  many  matters  of  local  interest     The 


102  D&.  BBUSUFISLD'S  PBESIDENTIAL  ADDBESa 

greater  portion  of  it  was  utilised  by  J.  B.  Gribble  in  his 
Memorials  of  Barnstaple  (1830),  without  acknowledgment 
It  was  first  printed  in  extenso  by  Mr.  J.  R  Chanter  in  his 
Literary  History  of  Barnstaple  (91-119),  together  with  a 
continuation  to  1678,  by  the  Eev.  R  Wood,  Vicar  of 
Fremington.  The  following  extracts  will  indicate  the 
general  character  of  the  entries : 

1586.  "About  this  time  commandment  given  that  the  beacons 

sh^  be  re-edified  and  diligently  watched  day  and 
night,  and  that  post  horses  sh^  be  pvided  in  ev' 
towne,  and  that  ev^  pson  sh^  pyide  in  rediness  his 
armour." 

1587.  August  14.     ''Lord  Bath  and  the  Countess  his  wyfe 

dyned  at  the  new  Mr.  Maiors — the  women  this 
years  were  not  bidden  wherefore  there  was  much 
chatteringe  among  them." 

1588.  ''Much  afraid  of  a  Spanish  invasion.'' 

(J.  R  Chanter,  Op.  cU.  92-94.) 

The  Rev.  Geo.  Lyde  (-1673).  a  native  of  Berry  Fomeroy, 
yields  the  second  example.  He  became  Vicar  of  Widecombe- 
in-the-Moor  in  1636,  and  two  years  later,  on  Oct.  21,  1638, 
while  he  was  officiating  in  the  pulpit^  the  church  was  struck 
by  lightning  and  four  persons  were  killed  and  sixty-four 
injured.  One  poetical  and  several  prose  relations  of  the 
occurrence  were  printed  in  the  same  year.  Mr.  Lyde  was 
certainly  the  author  of  the  metrical  one,  of  which  these  are 
the  opening  lines : 


'  In  Devon  lyeth  a  parish  long  and  wide 

Called  Widecombe,  where  pleasant  rivers  glide.' 


It  is  believed  he  was  also  the  author  of  the  principal  prose 
one,  entitled  A  Second  and  most  exact  Relation  of  those  sad 
and  lamentable  Accidents,  which  happened  in  arid  ahoiU  the 
Parish  Church  of  Wydecomhe  neere  the  Dartrrvoores,  in 
Devonshire,  on  Swnday  the  21  of  October  last,  1638.*^ 

The  third  is  The  Diary  of  Walter  Yongb  (-1649),  of 
Colyton,  Sheriff  of  Devon  in  1628,  edited  for  the  Camden 
Society  by  Geo.  Roberts,  in  1848,  There  are  only  a  few 
items  of  local  events,  the  majority  of  the  entries  relating  to 
general  news,  proceedings  in  Parliament,  &c.  This  is  the 
first  entry : — ''  1604  was  the  greatest  pestilence  in  London  that 
ever  was  heard  of  or  known  by  any  man  Uving.  There  died 
about  3000  weekly."  (1.) 

Coming  to  local  and  parochial  history  we  have  to  re- 
introduce the  name  of  the  City  Chamberlain  John  Hookeb 


DB.  BRDSHFIELD'B  PBE8IDENTIAL  ADDRESS  103 

(1526  ?-1601),  who  stands  almost  alone  in  this  branch.  He 
wrote  a  History  of  Exeter,  a  huge  folio  volume  of  MS.  preserved 
among  the  Municipal  Archives  of  Exeter,  in  the  catalogue  of 
which,  made  by  Mr.  Stuart  Moore  (1870),  it  is  described  as 
"the  Fair  Copy  made  for  the  use  of  the  Chamber."  It  is 
dedicated  "  To  the  right  worshipf uU  grave  and  prudent  the 
Mayor  Senators  and  Cominaltie  of  the  auncient  and  honorable 
citie  of  Excester/'  and  is  decorated  with  coloured  coats 
of  arms,  and  other  water  colpur  drawings.  ^^  This  and 
another,  termed  The  Commonr-place  Book  of  John  Yowell  alias 
Hoker,  include  all  his  principal  collections  relating  to  Exeter 
and  its  haven.  The  latter  is  of  especial  value  for  containing 
many  original  documents.  The  greater  part  of  both  volumes 
is  in  Hookers  own' hand writing.^^  Of  the  first,  a  portion 
of  the  history  of  Exeter  was  published  in  1583,  and  in 
Hooker's  edition  of  Holinshed's  Chronicles  (1586) ;  also  by 
A.  Brice  in  1765.  A  list  of  the  officers  of  the  city  and  their 
duties,  contained  in  the  second,  was  printed  in  1584,  but 
differs  greatly  from  the  MS.  and  is  much  fuller  in  the  latter. 
The  same  volume  also  includes  ^*  The  Statute,  &c.,  concerning 
the  ordringe  of  Orphans,  &c.,"  printed  in  1575,  remarkable  for 
its  long  dedicatory  epistle ;  also  the  valuable  Annals  of  the 
City,  with  the  Extracts  from  the  Mayors'  Court  Rolls. 
Hooker's  important  work  on  the  City  (small  portions  only  of 
which  were  published  by  him),  has  been  the  great  store  from 
which  Izacke  and  others  have  borrowed  largely,  too  often 
without  the  slightest  acknowledgment ;  and  it  is  greatly  to 
be  regretted  that  a  man  who  did  so  much  honour  to  his 
native  city  should  be  so  little  honoured  there,  that  for  nearly 
300  years  his  great  work  upon  the  history  of  that  city  has 
remained  in  MS.,  and  is  apparently  likely  to  continue  so.^^ 
The  only  other  work  on  local  history  belonging  to  this  period 
appears  to  be  Pole's  Parochial  ATUiquities  of  Colyton,  a  MS. 
now  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Another  phase  of  this  section  to  notice  is  County  History, 
embracing  every  thinggenealogical,ecclesiastical,  topographical, 
manners  and  customs,  &g.  Of  the  topographical  portion  the 
earliest  territorial  record  we  possess  is  that  of  the  Domesday 
Survey,  followed  by  the  labours  of  William  of  Worcester^ 
in  the  fifteenth  century,  and  subsequently  by  those  of  Leland 
and  Camden. 

The  earliest  attempt  to  compile  a  history  of  this  county 
was  probably  made  by  John  Hooker,  but  he,  together  with 
Pole,  Bisdon,  and  Westcote,  were  making  collections  for 


104  DB.   BHUSUPIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESa 

this  purpose  almost  simultaneously,  so  that  it  is  difficult 
to  assign  the  proper  succession  of  each  in  order  of  time. 
Hooker's  claim  to  be  considered  as  a  County  Historian,  rests 
on  a  MS.  never  yet  printed,  contained  in  the  Harleian 
Collection  5827,^  and  bearing  "the  old  title"  of  "A 
Discourse  of  Devonsh.  &  Cornwall,  with  Blazon  of  Arms, 
the  Bishops  of  Exeter,  the  Eevenues  of  the  Deneries  and 
Parsonages  and  other  Gentlemen."  It  relates  mainly  to  this 
County,  and  ''contains  many  good  descriptions  of  Parishes, 
with  some  copies  of  curious  Charters,"  and  "a  circular 
delineation  of  the  precinct  of  the  Forest  of  Dartmoor."  Some 
years  ago  this  was  recognised  as  Hooker's  MS.,  Synopsis 
Chorographica,  or  brief  description  of  the  Province  of  Devon, 
It  contains  a  description  of  Devon  worthies,  among  whom 
he  enumerates  himsel£  In  it,  after  relating  his  travels  on 
the  Continent,  he  adds,  *'but  by  the  reason  of  the  wanes 
then  proclaymed  in  fraunce  and  he  in  daunger  to  have  benne 
taken  prysoner  was  dry ven  to  shyfte  him  selffe  homewardes. 
And  not  long  after  he  was  dryven  to  take  a  wyffe  and  then 
all  his  desyres  and  zeale  to  lernynge  and  knowledge  therew^ 
abated.  Notwithstandinge  he  gave  him  selffe  to  the  Beadinge 
of  histories  and  seekinge  of  antyquities  and  somewhat  to 
Armory."2«» 

Instead  of  his  learning  and  suffering  diminution,  as  a  matter 
of  fact  all  his  great  MS.  Collections  and  printed  works  date 
from  a  period  subsequent  to  his  being  "dryven  to  take  a 
wyffe." 

From  this  Synopsis  Prince  drew  many  materials  for  his 
Worthies,  and  his  memoir  of  Hooker  was  mainly  derived 
from  it,  for  he  remarks,  "  what  I  shall  further  add  of  this 
eminent  person,  shall  be  taken  .  .  .  out  of  that  narrative  of 
his  life,  written  by  himself."  (505.) 

Whatever  may  be  the  claims  of  his  contemporaries,  un- 
doubtedly the  father  of  our  County  History  is  Sir  William 
Pule  (1561-1635).  born  at  Shute.  Under  the  title  of 
Collections  tmvards  a  description  of  the  County  of  Devon,  a 
portion  of  his  labours  was  published  in  1791  by  his  de- 
scendant, Sir  William  de  la  Pole,  Bart.  It  is  mainly  a  Gene- 
alogical History  of  the  County,  with  lists  of  various  kinds, 
e.g,,  of  the  Bishops  of  Exeter,  *'  as  Mr.  Hooker  hath  recorded 
them";  of  those  who  held  their  lands  from  the  Crown, 
extending  down  to  the  time  of  Charles  I.,  men  of  note  "  either 
in  warre  or  peace,"  Sheriffs,  Arms  of  families,  &c.,  all  of  the 
greatest  literary  value.  Excepting  the  interesting  description 
of  Exeter  (108-111),   topography  forms  no  portion  of  it 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  105 

That  he  contemplated  the  idea  of  writing,  on  a  worthy  basis, 
the  entire  history  of  his  native  county,  his  extensive  MS. 
Collections  amply  demonstrate,^^  "and  it  is  much  to  be 
lamented  that  he  did  not  live  to  perfect  the  extensive  work 
which  he  had  meditated."  (Intro,  to  Collections^  vii.)  A 
letter  of  his,  dated  April  37th,  1604,  shows  that  he  was  at  that 
early  period  actively  engaged  in  gathering  materials  for 
family  history,  and  in  it  he  remarks,  "I  purpose  (God 
willing)  to  set  out  something  for  the  Antiquities  of  Devon- 
shira  And  therefore  doe  pray  you  of  your  best  help,  &c." 
{Ibid,  iv.-vi.     The  original  letter  is  in  Harl.  MS.  1195.) 

Our  third  county  historian,  Tristram  Risdon  (1580-1640), 
born  at  Winscot,  near  Torrington,  is  said  to  have  commenced 
his  Survey  of  Devon  in  1605,  and  finished  it  in  1630.  Of 
this  many  MS.  copies  are  known  to  exist.  ^^^  No  attempt 
to  publish  it  was  made  until  Edward  Curll,  the  notorious 
bookseller,  of  "the  Dial  and  Bible,  against  St.  Dunstan's 
Church,  in  Fleet-street,"  London,  having  obtained  one  of  the 
copies,  was  ^bout  to  print  a  selection  from  it  (more  probably 
had  already  printed  one),  when  Prince,  of  Worthies  fame,  had 
his  attention  drawn  to  it,  and  remonstrated  with  Curll  for 
sending  out  an  imperfect  work.  Accordingly  the  latter 
printed  the  second,  a  larger  and  more  important  volume  than 
the  first,  with  the  title  A  Continuation  of  tJie  Survey  of 
Devonshire,  Curll  acknowledged  the  "generous  Assistance  in 
this  Work  "  he  had  received  from  Prince.  Both  volumes  are 
dated  1714,  and  the  first  is  entitled  The  Chorographical 
Description;  or,  Sm^ey  of  the  County  of  Devon^  &c.,  and 
has  an  Appendix  of  four  pages,  headed,  "  Some  account  of 
the  Family  of  the  Spicers,"  with  a  plate  of  arms.  In  most 
copies  will  be  found  an  engraving  of  the  Great  Conduit  at 
Exeter.  Curll's  edition  is  extremely  unsatisfactory — it  is 
imperfect,  badly  arranged,  and  irregularly  paged.  The  first 
volume  possesses  an  index,,  the  second  none.  Davidson 
records  editions  of  1723,  1725,  and  1733,  probably  re-issues 
of  the  original  one,  with  new  title-pages.  The  best  appeared 
in  1811,  "  printed  from  a  genuine  Copy  of  the  Original  MS., 
with  considerable  additions,"  the  latter  "forming  about  a  fourth 
part  of  the  volume."  It  has  a  good  index.  The  introduction, 
signed  "  J.  T."  (i.-xxxvi.),  and  the  account  of  Dartgioor, 
were  written  by  John  Taylor,  of  Hoi  well,  near  Tavistock,  an 
eminent  mining  engineer.  Dr.  WooUcorabe,  of  Plymouth, 
and  the  Rev.  J.  Swete,  also  rendered  assistance ;  the  latter 
contributed,  in  an  Appendix  of  fourteen  pages,  "Names  of  the 
Noblemen  and  principal  Gentlemen  in  the  County  of  Devon, 

VOL.   XXV.  H 


106  DR.  BKUSHFIELD'S   TBESIDENTIAL  ADDRES& 

their  Seats  and  Parishes  at  the  commencement  of  the  Nin^" 
teenth  Century."    At  the  latter  end  of  the  last  century  &fl^* 
William  Chappie,  of  Exeter,  commenced  the  preparation  of  ^ 
new  edition  of  Bisdon's  work,  but  died  before  he  had  mad-^ 
much  progress  in  it.    The  fragment  he  had  prepared  wm^ 
issued  in  1785,  as  A  Review  of  part  of  Risdon's  Swrv^^ 
of  Devon,  with  Notes  and  Additions  by  Chappie. 

Kisdon's  work  contains  more  topography  and  less  famil,^^ 
history  than  that  of  Pole,  from  whom  however  he  ackno^ir — 
ledges  having  received  assistance.  His  words  are :  " 
whose  Lamp  I  have  received  Light  in  these  my  Labours. 
(Ed.  1714,  i.  54.)2« 

The  last  of  the  four  to  notice  is  Thomas  Westcotb  (1567- 
1640  ?),  bom  at  West  liaddon,  in  the  parish  of  Shobroolc^^ 
As  was  the  case  with  his  two  predecessors,  Pole  and  BisdoD  .^ 
but  one  work  is  credited  to  him,  and  this  remained  in  MS  ^-^ 
for  a  considerable  time  before  it  was  printed.*^    His  View  oj 
Devonshire  in  MDCXXX,,  with  a  Fedigre-e  of  most  of  its  ChtUry^ 
edited  by  the  Bev.  Dr.  Oliver  and  Mr.  Pitman  Jones,  wi 
published  in  1845.     Two- thirds  of  the  work  consist  of  th^ 
View,    The  Pedigrees  form  a  distinct  section.    The  Epiloguo^ 
or  "a  postscript  by  way  of   Apology,"    addressed  to  th^ 
Reader,  includes  a  number  of  "  Objections  "  that  might  b^ 
advanced   against  the  work,  all   answered  seriatim.     It  is 
pleasantly    written,    includes    many    poetical    quotations, 
classical  (translated)  and  modern,  interspersed  through  the 
text,  and  is  evidently  the  production  of  a  well-read,  cultured 
man.     It  contains  much  more  topography  than  either  of  the 
two  previous  works,  and  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  gossipping 
itinerary  :^^   short  allusions  or  hints  being  sometimes  sub- 
stituted for  descriptions,  e.g.,  "Titshill  .  .  .  The  church  is 
worth  your  view."    (305.)     The  sad  charge  of   being  an 
''  appropriator "    has    been    brought    against    him.      In    a 
description   of    Hooker's    Synopsis    Clwrographica,   Mr.   R 
Levien  affirms,  "  The  similarity  is  so  great  between  it  and 
Westcote's  View  of  Devonshire — many  passages,  indeed,  being 
copied  verbatim — that  there  can  be  little  or  no  doubt  but 
that  Westcote  had  access  to  this  MS.,  and  made  free  use  of 
it  for  his  own  work."  ("  Unpublished  Devonshire  MSS.  in 
the  British  Museum,"  Journal  of  Brit.  Arch,  Assoc.  xviiL, 
141). 

The  last  division  of  this  section — General  History — ^is 
represented  by  one  work  alone,  the  magnum  opus  of  Sir  W, 
BIlegh  (1552-1618),  one  of  the  most  important  ever  penned 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL   ADDRESS.  107 

in  a  prison**® — a  great  conception,  carried  out  in  part  only, 
but  a  magnificent  fragment.  During  his  long  confinement 
he  fonnd  consolation  in  literature— he  could  not  be  idle — 
cheered  by  the  occasional  visits  of  those  whose  friendship 
he  valued. 

"  I  brought  the  wise  and  brave  of  aocient  days 
To  cheer  the  ceU  where  Ralegh  pined  alone." 

The  history  of  the  book,  the  question  of  its  divided 
authorship,  its  attempted  suppression,  the  cause  that  led  him 
to  leave  it  uncompleted  (the  early  death  of  Prince  Henry,  for 
whom  he  had  written  it)  have  all  been  fully  related  in  our 
Transactions,  {D,A,  xix.  389-418.)  This  great  folio  of  nearly 
1300  pages,  was  the  third  and  last  of  his  works  printed  and 
issued  during  his  lifetime.  It  opens  with  an  account  of  the 
Creation  of  the  World,  gives  the  history  of  the  Jews,  of 
i^pt,  Assyria,  Persia,  Greece,  and  Eome,  down  to  the  end 
of  the  second  Macedonian  war.  The  evenly-told,  admirable, 
historical  narrative,  set  in  good  nervous  English,  extorts  the 
praise  of  the  modem  literary  student,  by  whom,  however,  a 
higher  value  is  now  set  upon  the  many  parallel  descriptions 
and  illustrations,  gathered  from  his  extensive  reading  and 
life-long  experience,  and  brought  to  bear  upon  the  events  of 
which  he  is  treating.  Learned  though  it  be  it  is  free  from 
pedantry.  It  is  one  of  the  foundations  of  our  modern 
English,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  few  words  and  phrases 
might  have  been  the  work  of  a  present-day  author.  A  few 
of  his  illustrations  may  be  cited.  1.  He  parallels  the 
difficulties  encountered  by  Alexander  in  his  passage  over 
"those  mountains  which  sunder  Susiana  and  Persia,"  with 
those  of  Francis  I.  in  crossing  the  Alps  in  1515.  2.  His 
account  of  the  naval  battle  between  the  Eomans  and  Cartha- 
ginians finds  a  comparison  in  one  of  the  leading  incidents  of 
the  Spanish  Armada  in  1588.  The  work  abounds  with  such. 
3.  In  exemplification  of  his  remark,  that  **  what  strength  can- 
not do,  man's  wit — being  the  most  forcible  engine — hath  often 
effected";  he  relates  the  manner  in  which  the  Island  of  Sark 
was  recaptured  from  the  French  in  the  time  of  Queen  Mary, 
and  finishes  with  the  corollary,  "thus  a  fox's  tail  doth 
sometimes  help  well  to  piece  out  the  lion's  skin,  that  else 
would  be  too  short."  This  idea,  probably  taken  from  Ralegh's 
work,  has  been  employed  by  Lord  Ly tton  in  his  Richelieu : 

"  The  lion's  skin 's  too  short  to-night, 

Kow  for  the  fox's."  (Act  3,  sc  3.) 

Interspersed  through  the  work  are  many  quotations  from 

H   2 


108  DK.   BRUSUFIELD'b  presidential  ADDRESa 

the  great  classic  poets,  with  translations ;  of  these  Ovid  hol< 
the  chief  place,  then  follow  Virgil,  Horace,  JuvenaL  Th^^ 
preface  (32  pp.)  is  complete  in  itself,  and  is  very  pleasaa  '^ 
reading.  Of  "the  Mistresse  of  Man's  life,  graue  Historic,"^ 
he  thus  enlarges  on  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  it : 

*'  AmoDg  many  other  benefits,  for  which  it  hath  bin  honoured    ^ 
iu  this  one  it  triumpheth  ouer  all  humane  knowledge,  That  it  hatt^ 
given  vs  life  in  our  vnderstanding,  since  the  world  it  selfe  had  lif^^ 
and  beginning,  euen  to  this  day  :  yea  it  hath  triumphed  ouer  tiine^ 
which  besides  it  nothing  bath  triumphed  ouer.''  (3.) 

In  the  first  half,  is  a  long  catalogue  of  the  crimes  of  manjr" 
Kings  of  England,  France,  and  Spain,  and  of  the  retribatioB- 
that  pursued  their  families,  .and  though  he  praises  James  L^ 
he  found  no  favour  with  that  king,  who  regarded  royalty  a» 
being  above  reproof,  and  deemed   Kalegh  ''too  sawcie  in 
censuring  princes."    Among  other  subjects  he  treats  of,  are  a 
philosophical  consideration  of  the  creation  of  the  world,  the 
difference  between  "  God  and  Nature,"  &c.     In  his  comments 
upon  "  Experience  without  Art,"  he  employs  a  very  homely 
illustration,   "The  Cheese- wife  knoweth  it  as  well  as  Uie 
Philosopher,  that  soure  Eennet  doth  coagulate  her  milke  into 
a  curd."  (23.) 

No  one  has  remarked  more  beautifully  on  the  general 
character  of  Kalegh's  great  volume  than  P.  F.  Tytler — 

"  Written  in  prison  during  the  quiot  evening  of  a  tempestuous 
life,  we  feel,  in  its  perusal,  that  we  are  the  companions  of  a  superior 
mind,  nursed  in  contemplation,  and  chastened  and  improved  by 
sorrow,  in  which  the  bitter  recollection  of  injury  and  the  asperity 
of  resentment  have  passed  away,  leaving  only  the  heavenly  lesson, 
that  all  is  vanity."  (Life  of  Sir  W.  Ralegh  (1833)  347.) 

Of  its  literary  importance  Creighton  thus  testifies  in 
commenting  upon  it,  and  the  works  of  two  contemporary 
historians,  Daniel  and  Knolles.  They  "show  an  enlarged 
conception  of  historicfd  writing,  which  was  altogether  new 
in  England,  and  from  which  the  rise  of  critical  history  can 
really  be  traced."  (Age  of  Elizabeth,  203.)  And  the  historian, 
J.  R.  Green,  bears  similar  testimony,  for  displaying — to  use 
his  words — "a  widening  of  historic  interest  beyond  the 
merely  national  bounds  to  which  it  had  hitherto  been  con- 
fined." (J}p,  cit.  ii.  456.)  We  may  feel  satisfied  it  was  read 
and  enjoyed  by  the  Puritan  leaders,  for  in  a  letter  of  April 
2,  1650,  to  his  son  Eichard,  Oliver  Cromwell  thus  directs 
him  :  "  Eecreate  yourself  with  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  History : 
it 's  a  Body  of  History ;   and  will  add  much  more  to  your 


DR.  BBUSHFIBLD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  109 

understanding  than  fragments  of  Story."  {Letters  by  T. 
Carlyle  (1846),  ii  161.)     Even  Hume  praised  it. 

Of  the  enormous  popularity  of  the  work  there  are  many 
evidences,  the  chief  being  the  publication  of  ten  editions, 
besides  several  issues  of  some  between  1614  and  1687. 
The  like  can  hardly  be  said  of  any  other  large  and  expensive 
folio  issued  in  that  or  the  next  century."  ^47 

Two  peculiarities  in  the  work  remain  to  be  mentioned, 
first,  the  entire  absence  of  humour ;  second,  in  death  being  a 
common  theme  throughout  the  work,  the  preface  included. 
Of  the  latter  M.  Taine  remarks  : 

''The  courtier,  Ealeigh,  whilst  writing  of  the  fall  of  empires, 
and  how  t;he  barbarous  nations  had  destroyed  this  grand  and 
magnificent  Koman  Empire,  ended  bis  book  with  the  ideas  and 
tone  of  a  Bossuet"  {Hint,  of  Eng,  Literature  (1886)  ii.  187.) 

He  alludes  to  the  following  passage  at  the  close  of 
Balegh's  work,  one  of  the  finest  prose  poems  in  the  English 
language,  with  which  we  may  fitly  terminate  our  notice  of 
the  volume,  and  of  Devonian  writers  generally : 

'^  It  is  .  .  .  Death  alone  that  can  suddenly  make  man  to  know 
himselfe  ...  0  eloquent,  iust,  and  mighty  Death !  whom  none 
could  advise,  thou  hast  perswaded ;  whom  none  hath  dared,  thou 
hast  done ;  and  whom  all  the  world  hath  flattered,  thou  only  hast 
oast  out  of  the  world  and  despised  ;  thou  hast  drawne  together  all 
the  farre  stretched  greatuesse,  all  the  pride,  craeltie,  and  ambition 
of  man,  and  covered  it  all  over  with  these  two  narrow  words, 
//*c  jacety 

To  the  foregoing  rapid  sketch  of  the  History  and  Progress 
of  the  Literature  of  this  county,  down  to  the  meeting  of  the 
Long  Parliament,  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  anything  of 
the  nature  of  a  summary ;  nevertheless  a  few  supplementary 
remarks  are  needed.  No  doubt  many  MS.  writings  and 
printed  works  by  unrecognised  Devon  authors  are  in  existence, 
but  a  similar  remark  holds  good  with  respect  to  other  counties. 
A  more  important  matter  for  our  present  purpose  is  that  six 
writers,  included  by  Prince  in  his  catalogue  of  our  worthies, 
and  one  other,  must  bow  to  the  inexorable  logic  of  facts, 
and  be  discarded  from  our  list  They  consist  of  Alexander 
Neckham,  Robert  Pullen,  Archbishop  Langton,  John  Garland, 
John  Stanberry,  Bishop  Babington,  and  John  Cutcliffe. 
These  omissions  are  much  to  be  regretted,  especially  as 
Alexander  Neckham  and  John  Garland  were  two  of  the 
leading  scientific  men  of  the  12th  and  13th   centuries.^^ 


110  DR.  brushfield's  presidsmtial  address. 

Works  on  Science  were  remarkably  few  throughout  the  enti 
period,  and  there  were  none  on  natural  history  or  medicine. 
We  have  had  to  record  but  few  writers  among  the  great 
county  families.  Elevation  to  the  episcopal  bench,  as  a  rule, 
implied  cessation  from  literary  work  on  the  part  of  the  new 
occupants.  In  some  instances  their  time  was  fully  engaged 
as  officers  of  state ;  thus  Bishop  Brantyngham  was  Lord  I^gh 
Treasurer  of  England,  and  as  he  retained  this  of&ce  after  his 
consecration  as  Bishop  of  Exeter  on  May  12th,  1370,  it  pre- 
vented him  from  visiting  his  See  for  the  first  time  until 
July,  1371.  For  twenty  years  he  remained  in  the  same 
State  office,  and  could  not  have  spent  much  time  away  from 
Court  He  was  released  from  the  duty  in  1390,  and  died 
four  years  afterwards.*  Much  of  their  time  must  have  been 
spent  in  visiting  the  various  parts  of  their  extensive  diocese, 
as  shewn  by  the  itineraries  of  Bishops  Bronescombe,  Quivil, 
Stapleton,  and  Stafford,  in  the  Eev.  F.  C.  Hingeston-Randolph's 
edition  of  the  Bishops'  Registers,  when  travelling  was  slow, 
difficult,  and  often  attended  with  danger.  But  to  this  there 
were  some  marked  exceptions.  Bishop  Hall  continued  his 
literary  work,  but  not  perhaps  to  the  same  extent  as  before 
his  elevation;  and  Bishop  Jewell  is  not  recorded  to  have 
done  any  marked  amount  until  after  his  elevation:  in  his 
case  it  was  an  exceptional  matter,  and  forced  upon  him  by 
the  circumstances  of  the  period  in  which  he  lived. 

The  absence  of  female  writers  throughout  the  entire  period 
is  a  very  remarkable  feature,  and  presents  a  striking  contrast 
to  their  place  in  literature  at  the  present  day.  We  can 
hardly  understand  those  with  highly -cultivated  intellects, 
as,  for  instance.  Lady  Jane  Grey  and  Queen  Elizabeth,  being 
absentees.  Amongst  the  Devonians  we  know  at  present 
but  one  exception  (and  that  a  doubtful  one),  a  nun  of 
Heidenheim  who  wrote  the  Itinerary  of  St.  WUlibcdd  and 
the  biographies  of  his  brother  and  sister.  Has  any  author 
attempted  to  explain  the  reason  of  this  apparent  anomaly  ? 
Times  were  changing,  and  at  the  latter  part  of  the  last 
century  we  find  Cowper  commenting  on  (lamenting?)  the 
new  order  of  things  : 

"While  learning,  once  the  man's  exclusive  pride, 
Seems  verging  fast  towards  the  female  side."  {Progress  of  Error,) 

On  the  other  hand,  Devon  has  ever  held  the  chief  place  in 
England  for  its  eminent  lawyers,  who  are  yet  regarded  as  the 
great  legal  authorities.  Bracton  in  the  13th,  Fortescue  in 
the  15th,  and  Dodderidge  in  the  16th  century ;  in  addition 
to  many  others,  like  the  Glanvilles,  who  were  not  authors. 


DR.  bkushfield's  pbbsidentul  address.  Ill 

With  the  advent  of  the  Elizabethan  era,  the  floodgates  of 
liteiatoie  appeared  to  be  set  wide  open  for  the  first  time, 
judging  from  the  greatly  increased  number  of  writers  in  all 
its  departments.  The  altered  forms  of  religion  were  at  first 
attended  with  an  active  controversy  with  Eome,  and  before 
the  end  of  our  period  it  had  changed  its  direction  into  con- 
troversy with  the  Puritan  body.  Among  all  the  large  folios 
and  smaller  works  of  forgotten  religious  lore,  there  remains 
tons  the  truly  Christian  work  of  the  "judicious"  Bichard 
Hooker,  his  Ecclesiastical  Polity^  a  work  still  happily  regarded 
as  one  of  great  value  and  authority.  It  is  not  a  little 
remarkable  that  the  statement  made  by  Mr.  Gladstone,  "that 
in  the  sixteenth  century  the  deepest  and  most  vital  religious 
influences  within  the  two  Universities  respectively  were 
addressed,  at  Oxford  to  the  making  of  recusants,  at  Gam- 
bridge  to  the  production  of  Zwinglians  and  Calvinists  "  (The 
BoTnanes  Lecture,  1892,  24)  scarcely  holds  good  with  respect 
to  Devonshire,  the  leading  literary  Puritans  having  been 
educated  at  Oxford. 

Goming  to  Poetry,  we  have  Ralegh's  varied  lines,  the 
sweet  pastoral  verse  of  William  Browne,  and  the  unequalled 
songs  of  Herrick ;  while  the  Drama  is  amply  represented  in 
its  rise  by  George  Peele,  immediately  prior  to  the  great 
master  dramatist  Shakespeare ;  by  John  Ford  shortly  after ; 
and  in  its  decadence  by  the  productions  of  W.  Strode  and 
Jasper  Mayne.  Devonshire  led  the  way  in  an  entirely  new 
branch  of  literature,  the  records  of  the  deeds  of  the  great 
voyagers,  naval  warriors,  and  colonisers,  chronicled  mainly 
by  Hakluyt  and  Purchas,  and  in  a  few  instances  by  the 
actors  themselves,  as  in  those  of  Balegh  and  the  Hawkinses. 
The  multifarious  works  of  the  former  were  as  a  rule  published 
daring  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth,  three  only  being 
issued  during  his  lifetime,  but  they  were  his  most  memorable 
works.  We  must  not  omit  to  note  that  Bichard  Hooker  and 
Ral^h  were  the  moulders  of  our  modern  English,  and  serve 
to  testify  that 

'*  Beneath  the  rule  of  men  entirely  great, 
The  pen  is  mightier  than  the  sword."  {Richelieu^  act  2,  sc.  2.) 

Although  among  our  County  Historians,  Hooker  belongs 
to  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth ;  and  Pole,  Bisdon, 
and  Westcote  to  that  of  James  I.;  the  labors  of  the  first-named 
yet  remain  in  MS.,  and  many  years  elapsed  before  the  works 
of  the  other  three  were  printed,  as  though  the  subject  lacked 
interest  with  the  general  public. 


112         DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

As  in  ordinary  mundane  things  a  custom  termed  fiashi 
always  fitful,  wayward,  and  unreasoning,  governs,  with  a 
of  iron,  the  destinies  of  the  social  world,  we  cannot  altoget 
expect  that  books  will  be  exempted  from  its  operation, 
i^  old  books, ''  the  assembled  souls  of  all  that  men  held  wi 
such  as  have  formed  the  subject  of  this  address,  are  pac 
by,  for  fashion  demands  novelty. 

**  Books,  like  times,  do  shift,  each  thing  his  time  does  hold, 
New  things  succeed  as  former  things  grow  old." 

So  sung  Herrick.     But   "tempus  edax  rerum";  om 
reminded  of  the   proverb,  cited   by  John  Hooker,  in 
dedication  of  his  MS.  History  of  Exeter,  that 

"  Be  the  day  never  so  longe 
At  lengeth  it  ringeth  at  eveninge  songe." 

Let  me  therefore  conclude  this  address  with  a  quota 
from  the  closing  passage  of  an  old-fashioned  work,  wri 
by  Salegh's  kinsman,  Eichard  Carew  of  Antony : 

**  Diogenes,  after  he  had  tired  his  scholars  with  a  long  lect 
finding  at  last  the  voyde  paper,  Bee  glad,  my  friends  (quoth 
wee  are  come  to  harbour.  With  the  like  cumfort,  in  an  vi 
resemblance,  I  will  refresh  you  who  haue  vouchsafed  to  trauai) 
the  rugged  and  wearysome  path  of  mine  ill-pleasing  stile,  that 
yuur  iouniey  endeth  with  the  land  ...  I  will  heere  sit 
duwne  and  resf 


DR.  BBUSHFIELD'S  PJElESIDENnAL  ADDRESS.  113 


APPENDIX  A. 

following  is  a  list  of  the  principal  works  referred  to,  and 
^^^^X<ier  the  name  or  initials  within  brackets : 

TroHMdians  of  the  Devonshire  Association.  (Z>.  A,) 
Rev.  J.  Prince,  Worthies  of  Devon^  1810.  (Prince.) 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography  to  vol.  xzziv.    {Diet,  Nat. 

Biag.) 
Ant.  A  Wood,  Athena  Ox.  and  Fasti,  ed.  by  Dr.  Bliss,  5  vols., 

1815.     (Wood.) 
T.  Fuller,  d.d..  History  of  the   Worthies  of  England^  1662, 

(FuUer.) 
J.  Pits,  De  Illust.  Brit.  Scriptoribus,  1619.     (Pits.) 
T.  Wright,  Biographia  Brit.  Literaria,  2  vols.,   1842,  1846. 

(T.  Wright.) 
H.  Hallam,  Literary  History,  3  vols.,  1873.     (Hallam.) 
T.  Warton,  bld..  History  of  Eng.  Poetry,  4  vols.,  1824.    (Warton.) 
8.  R  Gardiner,  History  of  England,  10  vols.,  1883-4.    (Gardiner.) 
J.  R.  Green,  History  of  the  English  People,  4  vok.,  1880-1. 

(Green.) 
R.  Hakluyt,  Principal  Navigations,  ^c,  of  the  English  Nation, 

ed.  by  K  Goldsmid,  16  vols.,  1885-1890.     (Hakluyt.) 
Western  Antiquary,  11  vols.,  1882-1893.     {W.  A.) 

1.  The  letters  were  published  for  the  first  time,  and  in  the 
original  Latin,  by  N.  Serarius,  at  Mainz,  in  1605,  and  passed 
through  several  editions.  That  of  Jaffi6,  in  Monumenta  Moguntina 
(1866),  IB  the  basis  of  the  paper,  ''St.  Boniface  and  his  Corres- 
pondence," by  E.  Bishop,  in  D,  A.  viii.  497-516. 

2.  These  Itineraries  have  formed  the  subjects  of  two  papers  by 
the  Very  Rev.  Canon  Brownlow  : 

"  St.  Willibald  :  a  West-country  Pilgrim  of  the  Eighth  Century." 
"  The  Brother  and  Sister  of  Saint  Willibald." 

{D.  A.  xxii.  212-228;  xxiii.  225-238.) 

3.  Confusion  of  names  has  led  the  works  of  other  writers 
(e,g,  Alfred  of  Canterbury)  to  be  attributed  to  him.  It  is  note- 
worthy that  the  second  work  named,  was  also  the  title  of  one 
written  by  Alex.  Neckam  (1157-1217)  v.  Wright,  i.  478,  9; 
il  457.  Even  the  duration  of  his  Bishopric  of  Crediton  is  very 
uncertain ;  according  to  Le  Neve  it  was  22  years,  to  Godwin 
9  years,  and  to  Dr.  Oliver  4  years :  the  last  being  probably  the 
correct  period.  Dr.  Oliver  (Bps,  of  Exeter,  4)  attributes  some 
other  works  to  him. 


114  DR.  BRUSUFISLD'S  PRBSmSNTIAL  ADDRESS. 

4.  Prince  (567)  is  the  authority  for  this  title,  and  gives  *'8ynop8^^ 
of  Devon  MS."  by  Hooker  as  his  authority.  This  is  appaientt.^ 
the  "  Synopsis  Chorographica,''  preserved  in  Harl.  MS.  5827,  ftox^^ 
which  the  following  is  extracted : — '*  He  attended  Kinge  Canutn.^^ 
in  his  pylgramege  at  liome.  And  whereof  as  of  other  his  ognnn^ 
doings  he  wrote  as  it  is  sayed  one  booke." 

5.  The  list  will  be  found  in  K  H.  Fedlor's  A  nglo-Saxan  Episcopates 
of  Cornwall^  136-140;  and  in  F.  S.  Merry  weather's  BibUomamOf^ 
149.  It  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  Dr.  Dibdin,  in  hio^ 
Btbliomania,  fails  to  notice  Leofric's  Library,  although  he  iimliiiW^ 
special  allusion  to  Benedict,  Abbot  of  Peterborough,  for  being  the» 
possessor,  at  a  later  date  (1177),  of  57  volumes. 

6.  Although  to  H  Wanley  is  due  the  credit  of  having  given 
the  earliest  account  of  it,  in  his  Catalogue  of  Anglo-Saxon  M8S. 
(in  Dr.  G.  Hickes'  Thesaurus^  1703-5),  the  attention  of  the 
literary  world  may  be  said  to  have  had  its  value  first  pointed  out 
by  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Conybeare  (who  accompanied  it  with  a  Latin 
translation),  in  two  papers,  read  by  him  in  1812  and  following 
year,  before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.  These  will  be  found  in 
ArchcBcHogiaj  xvii.  180-197,  and,  subsequently,  in  a  more  extended 
form,  in  Illustrations  of  Anglo-Saxon  Poetry  (1826),  edited  by  his 
brother,  the  Eev.  W.  D.  Conybeare.  A  new  edition  of  the  Codex^ 
by  Mr.  Israel  Oollancz,  is  in  course  of  publication  by  the  Early 
English  Text  Society. 

7.  Thorpe  affirms  he  did  not  understand  the  poem,  and  was 
"unable  to  translate  it."  {Op,  cxL  352-355,  522-525.)  H.  Morley 
{Eng,  Writers  before  Chaucer  (1864),  326)  declares  it  to  be  **the 
only  known  example  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  rhyming  poem,"  and  that 
"  Mr.  Thorpe  finds  it  to  be  a  free  paraphrase  of  a  passage  in  Job, 
with  words  perverted  to  make  them  rhyme,''  but  the  passage 
cannot  be  found  in  Thorpe's  notes  in  the  Codex. 

8.  Here  is  a  translation  of  a  short  one  that  bears  much  re- 
semblance to  several  modem  variants : — 

**  A  man  sat  at  mne 
with  his  two  wives, 
and  his  sons  twain, 
and  his  two  daughters, 
own  brothers  and  sisters, 
and  their  sons  twain, 
gentle  first  boms. 
The  father  was  therein 
of  those  youths 
both, 

with  uncle  and  nephew. 
In  all  were  five 
men  and  women 
sitting  within." 

{Op,  cit.  431,  2.) 


DR.   BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  115 

9.  Attention  may  be  called  to  the  completion,  by  a  Committee 
of  Members  of  this  Association,  of  The  Devonshire  Domesday^ 
^i^hich,  commenced  in  1884,  has  been  regularly  supplied  in  parts 
^  the  members  for  nine  successive  years,  without  any  increase  in 
^^^  annual  subscription,  but  not  without  some  strain  upon  the 
g^xieral  finances  of  the  Association.  This,  and  the  Supplementary 
^^d  Inquest,  form  a  work  of  nearly  1,300  pagea  The  text  of 
^^^^h  Domesday  has  been  extended,  and  printed  on  opposite  pages 
fo:r'  comparison,  and  to  each  entry  has  been  added  an  English 
•^■^J^nalation.  To  crown  all,  there  are  very  full  indices.  No  more 
J^^^portant  work  bearing  upon  the  history  of  this  county  has  ever 
*^^«n  printed.  The  Committee  and  the  Hon.  Secretary — the  latter 
^^pecially  for  having  in  addition  undertaken  the  task  of  extending 
^■^^  text  of  the  Inquisitio  Gddi,  and  of  its  translation — are  highly 
p^  be  congratulated  for  having  so  satisfactorily  completed  their 
*^Vx)ur8,  and  thereby  well  earneii  the  hearty  thanks  of  all  literary 
^^d  historical  students. 

A  singular  anecdote  relating  to  the  restoration  of  a  missing  leaf 

^f  the  Exeter  Domesday  Book,  is  mentioned  by  B.  Botfield  in  his 

^aiJiedrai  Libraries  (1849),   139.      It  was  removed,  so  it  was 

"^bought,  by  Dean  Wylughby  or  Willoughby  (Dean  of  Exeter 

1496-1508),  and  was  restored  by  one  of  his  descendants  during 

bile  present  century. 

10.  It  is  curious  that  in  the  following  century  (1330)  Pits 
(426,  7)  records  another  of  the  same  name,  also  a  native  of  Devon 
and  a  Dominican  monk.  Of  four  works  assigned  to  him,  one 
Super  Magistrum  Sententiartim — reported  to  be  preserved  at 
Oxford,  appears  also  in  the  account  of  the  earlier  one.  As  no 
other  author  mentions  one  of  the  14th  century,  Pits  probably 
made  an  error. 

11.  Pits  (250)  mentions  the  title  of  one  work  as  De  obitu  S, 
ThonuB  Cantuarierms,  Probably  this  was  the  sermon  he  preached 
when  the  cathedral  was  re-opened.  Several  MS.  copies  of  his 
works  were  formerly  in  the  Exeter  Cathedral  Library.  Two  of 
them  are  still  in  existence.  Dialogue  contra  Judceos  and  a  Liber 
pmitentialiSf  the  former  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  and  the  latter  in 
the  Cotton  MS.  Brit.  Museum. 

12.  John  Siberch,  as  was  customary  in  that  and  the  next 
centuries  at  Cambridge,  carried  on  his  printing  in  his  own  house, 
the  site  of  which  is  now  occupied  by  part  of  Gonville  and  Caius 
GoU^e.  (Willis  &  Clark,  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  iii.  130,  1.)  A 
MS.  copy  on  vellum  of  Baldwin's  work,  that  formerly  belonged  to 
the  Abbey  of  Waltham,  is  among  the  Ashburnham  MSS.  It  is 
headed  '^Baldwinus,  Frater  Monasterii  Fordensis,''  &c. ;  and  as 
he  succeeded  Eobert  de  Penynton  as  Abbot  in  1168,  it  must  have 
been  written  before  that  date.  {8th  Rep,  Hist,  MSS.  Com., 
pt.  iii.  p.  24.) 


116  DR.   BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

13.   In  the  notice  of  the  Eton  College  copy,  contained  in 
Eep.  Higt,  MSS.  Com,  i.  357,  the  dedication  to  Bartholomew 
alone  mentioned.     The  Provost  of  the  College,  Dr.  Hornby, 
kindly  examined  the  MS.  for  the  writer,  and  finds  that  it 
both  dedications. 

li.   On  the  authority  of  an  Acrostic,  in  the  opening  lines  of 
abridgment  of  the  work  of  B(jethius,  Wright  (ii.  349)  asserts 
proper  name  to  have  been  Simon  du  Fresne,  bnt  this  is  simpl, 
a  translation  in  French  of  the  name  Ash  or  Fraxinns,  assigned 
him  by  Pits,  Leland,  and  Prince.    He  is  said  to  have  been  a  Cano: 
of  Hereford  Cathedral,  but  he  is  not  mentioned  in  Le  Neve's 
Although  recognised  by  Morley  {Eng,  Writers  before  Chaucer  600 
and  others,  he  tinds  no  place  in  the  Did,  Nai,  Biog, 

15.  His  De  Bello  Trojano  is  a  paraphrase  of  a  history  of  thi 
war,  written  in  Greek  by  Dares,  a  Phrygian  priest,  in  the  3id 
century.  The  lirst  edition  was  printed  at  Basle  in  1541,  followed 
by  one  in  1558,  under  the  pseudonym  of  Cornelius  Nepoa.  So 
imperfect,  however,  was  it  that  Leland  spoke  of  it  as  *'  so  corrupt 
an  offspring  that  its  father  would  scarce  know  it"  The  defects 
were  remedied  in  a  later  edition  under  another  editor.  In  France, 
M.  Jusserand  issued  a  portion  of  it  in  1877.  Long  quotations 
from  it  are  given  by  Wright  (ii.  403-406),  Warton  (L  clxiii-clxvi), 
and  Sir  John  Bo  wring — the  last-named  in  '*  The  Life  and  Writings 
of  Josephus  Iscanus,  the  Swan  of  Isca.''  (D,  A,  iv.  244-256.) 

16.  According  to  the  Regi^ders  of  Bp,  Bronescombe  (ed.  by  Rev.  F. 
C.  Hingeston-Kandolph)  Bracton  was  Itector  of  Combe-in-Teignhead 
(1259)  and  of  Bideford  (1261),  Archdeacon  of  Barnstaple  (1264), 
and  Chancellor  of  the  Cathedral  (1264).  At  the  time  of  his  death 
(1268)  he  was  Prebendary  of  Exeter  and  Bosham.  It  is  noteworthy 
that  Dr.  Oliver  does  not  identify  the  ecclesiastic  with  the  judge ; 
certain  is  it  that  he  makes  no  reference  to  it  At  ''Bratton's 
Altar,''  instituted  by  him,  and  situated  under  the  south  side  of 
the  rood-loft  of  the  Cathedral,  the  earliest  daily  mass  was  cele- 
brated **  for  the  convenience  of  the  industrious  population  before 
they  began  their  daily  labour."  (Dr.  Oliver,  Bps,  of  Exeter,  214, 
222,  253,  361,  2.)  In  front  of  this  altar  Bracton's  body  was 
interred,  and  probably  a  large  slab  of  Portland  marble,  measuring 
6  ft.  6  in.  X  3  ft.  8  in.,  covers  the  spot.  From  the  crosses  at  the 
angles,  and  in  the  centre  of  this  slab,  it  is  evident  it  belonged 
formerly  to  an  altar,  and  ))robably  to  that  of  Bracton.  Some  of 
his  MSS.  are  recorded  in  the  inventory  of  the  Cathedral  Library 
made  in  1327,  but  none  in  that  of  1506.  {Ibid,  305,  &c.)  Vide 
"Henry  de  Bracton,"  by  W.  K.  Willcocks,  in  D,  A,  xv.  180-196. 
A  volume  entitled  Bracion^s  Note  BodIc.  A  Collection  of  Cases 
deculefi  in  the  King's  Courts  during  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third, 
annotated  by  a  Lawyer  of  that  time,  seemingly  by  Henry  de 
Bratton,  and  edited  by  F.  W.  Maitland,  was  published  in  1887. 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  117 

^  The  early  Statutes  of  the  College  are  printed  in  Bialwp 
tldaiCs  Register,  ed.  hy  Rev.  F.  C.  Hingeston-Eandolph, 
-310. 

t.  Dr.  Oliver  records  a  Robert  de  Plympton  as  Abbot  of 
stock  Abbey,  who  died  in  1141.  (Monasticon,  90.)  In  a  deed 
ing  to  Plympton  Priory  of  8  Edw.  I.  =  1280,  the  name  of 
bar  Robertas  prior  to  Plymton"  appears.  {Ibid.  139.)  In 
list  of  the  Priors,  Dr.  Oliver  notes  Robert  de  Blundon  as 
rmed  to  that  office  on  Nov.  1,  1263,  and  is  of  opinion  that  he 
our  aathor ;  but  his  successor  was  appointed  in  1273,  and  this 
not  serve  to  corroborate  the  deed  of  1280,  unless  the  former 
)rt  mentioned  was  a  different  person.  This  will  serve  to  show 
Lifficulties  attending  identification. 

L   Quoted   from   Hoker's  MS.  in  Oliver's   Monaaticon,  371. 
ad  gives  the  titles  of  three  that  remained  in  the  Abbey  at  the 
of  its  dissolution  {GoUecianeay  iv.  (1700)  152),  and  the  titles 
iree  others  are  noted  by  Pits  (530). 

K  To  whom  also,  in  Craik's  Hut  of  Eng,  Literature  (1861), 
7,  8,  is  attributed  a  poem  entitled  "  De  Felice  fille  du  Comte 
•ukingham,''  extending  to  nearly  15,000  verses  ! 

..  One  of  the  prose  versions  was  printed  by  Caxton  in  1485, 
>r  the  title  of  the  Lyf  of  the  Noble  and  Qresten  Prynce, 
'les  ike  Grete, 

I.  Mr.  Black  compiled  the  Catalogue  of  the  Ashmolean  MSS, 
845,  and  in  his  description  of  the  MS.  of  Sir  Ferumbras 
15),  gives  a  full  account  of  the  external  evidence  furnished  by 
covers,  as  follows  :  "  They  are  a  triple  invelope  of  parchment 
ting  over  the  right  hand  cover,  and  consist  of  two  sheets.  The 
r  one  is  a  letter  executory  of  a  bull  of  pope  Innocent  VI.  for 
>resentation  of  Thomas  de  Pilton  to  the  vicarage  of  Columpton 
be  diocese  of  Exeter,  then  vacant  by  the  death  of  Peter 
jyns;  which  bull,  being  addressed  to  the  Abbots  of  Schir- 
ne  and  Ceme,  and  to  John  de  Silvis  dean  of  S.  Agricola  at 
;non,  was  executed  (by  the  last  named)  in  the  present  letter 
essed  to  the  Bishop  of  Exeter.  The  foot,  containing  the  date, 
it  off ;  but  the  bull  is  dated  at  Villa-nova,  3  id.  Maii,  anno  5, 
h  is  1357.  The  inner  cover  is  a  very  long  and  imperfect 
ic  instrument,  stating  that  before  mass  on  the  seventh  Sunday 
Trinity,  in  1377,  in  the  chapel  of  Holne  in  the  diocese  of 
»r,  Roger  Langman  rector  of  Lydelynche  (dioc.  Salisb.) 
icly  read  and  expounded  an  instrument  which  recites  the  pro- 
ings  and  final  sentence  in  the  court  of  Rome,  in  consequence 
le  consecration  of  a  burial-ground  adjoining  to  the  said  chapel, 
ih  was  prejudicial  to  the  rights  of  John  Brygge  the  vicar  of 
fastleghe,  to  whose  parish-church  the  right  of  burial  belonged, 
said  chapel  being  a  member  thereof.''     Mr.  Black  also  found 


118  DR.  bbushfield's  pbesidentiajl  address. 

''a  part  of  the  Author's  original  corrected  draught  of  this  poem, 
written  on  the  back  of  the  documents  abready  described."  Mr.  H. 
Sweet  is  of  opinion  '^  that  the  draft  and  the  MS.  are  in  the  same 
handwriting,  and  ...  of  the  same  character  and  period  as  that  of 
the  second  document  described  as  forming  part  of  the  cover,  which 
is  the  end  of  the' fourteenth  century.'*  (Quoted  by  Mr.  Herrtage^  xvi) 

23.  Mr.  F.  T.  Elworthy,  in  his  article  "On  the  Devonshire 
Pronoun  Min,  or  Mun  =  Them"  {D,A.  xiii.  324-334),  quotes 
freely  from  Sir  Ferumbraa,  and  affirms  of  the  author,  "The  man 
wrote  mainly  in  his  native  speech,  and  that  clearly  was 
Devonshire." 

24.  Pits,  however,  claims  him  for  Chichester,  but  is  most 
probably  in  error,  having  formed  his  opinion  from  the  surname 
alone.  The  Chichester  family  was  a  well-known  one  in  the  North 
of  Devon,  for  several  centuries.  It  gave  a  Bishop  (Robert 
Chichester)  to  Exeter  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  in  the  early  part 
of  the  seventeenth.  Sir  Arthur  Chichester  was  created  Baron  of 
Belfast  for  distinguished  services  in  Ireland.  The  same  author 
reports  him  to  have  written  the  following : 

"  Speculum  historicBy  Libros  qucUuor 
Stcundam  partem  Anglo-Saxonuin  Chronieoriy  Libros  quinque 

Pars  vtraque  MS.  reperitur  Cantabrigise  in  bibliotheca  publica 
Chronicorum  epUanien,  Librum  vnum 

MS.  Cautabrigiae  in  Collegio  S.  Benedicti."  (462,  3.) 

25.  The  volume  was  edited  by  Mr.  Stuart  A.  Moore.  The 
documents  were  found  during  the  time  he  was  arranging  the 
collection  of  archives  belonging  to  the  City.  Of  their  discovery 
he  states,  '^  Some  of  the  letters  were  found  in  the  cupboards  of  the 
old  Council  Chamber,  in  the  gallery  of  the  Guildhall  (now  pulled 
down),  but  a  great  number  had  lain  for  years  under  the  very  tiles 
of  the  Guildhall  roof,  whence  I  rescued  them  from  imminent 
destruction  from  damp."  (Intro,  xiv.) 

26.  He  is  recorded  as  a  Devonian  on  the  authority  of  Wood. 
(Hist  and  Antiq,  of  Ox.  ii  25.)  He  was  a  Fellow  of  Exeter 
College,  and  afterwards  of  Eton.  There  is  no  account  of  his 
itineraries  in  Wright's  Early  Travels  in  Palestine.  Cf.  Macray's 
Annals  of  Bodl.  Lib.  (1890)  441,  472 ;  Boase,  Reg.  Ex.  CM. 
(1879)  xvii  18,  9.  There  is  an  account  of  him  in  Bishop  Tanner's 
Bibliotheca. 

27.  A  Bibliographical  list  of  his  works  will  be  found  in  Lord 
Clermont's  Hist,  of  the  Fortescue  family  (1880)  99-101.  They 
are  13  in  number,  five  of  which  have  been  burnt  or  lost  The 
remaining  eight  are  included  in  the  Collected  Edition  of  his 
works,  printed  by  Lord  Clermont  in  1869 ;  previous  to  that  year, 
the  only  treatises  that  had  been  published  were  the  two  describe4 
in  the  text  Bisdon  affirms  ''he  wrote  a  Prayer-Book,  which  savoured 
much  of  the  Times  we  live  in."  {Survey  of  Devon  (1714)  ii  244.) 


D&  bbushfield's  pbesidential  address.  119 

28.  The  work  was  not  printed  till  the  year  1714,  and  the 
Dedicatory  Epistle  of  the  Editor  to  Sir  Thomas  Parker  is  one  of 
the  most  fulsome  of  its  kind  that  ever  was  penned, 

29.  Edited  by  F.  Devon.  The  introduction  is  of  special 
interest,  on  account  of  the  history  and  general  account  of  the 
various  records  preserved  in  the  ancient  Pell  Office  or  Tally  Court 
of  the  Exchequer  contained  in  it,  as  well  as  for  a  series  of  extracts 
extending  from  5  Henry  III.  to  12  Charles  I. 

30.  "Brandt's  notion  of  a  'Ship'  of  Fools  was  derived  from 
the  old  carnival  processions  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  when  among  the 
pageants  drawn  through  the  streets  was  sometimes  a  ship  on 
wheels,  manned  with  grotesque  merry-makers."  (H.  Morley, 
English  Writers,  vii.  (1891)  94.) 

31.  He  wrote  many  works  after  leaving  this  county.  The 
principal  were  his  Egloges,  believed  by  Warton  (iil  81)  to  be 
**  the  first  that  appeared  in  the  English  language."  But  neither  in 
popularity  or  in  merit  did  they  rival  his  Ship  of  Fools, 

32.  In  an  article  on  '*  Ye  Schyppe  of  Fooles"  in  Chips  from  a 
German  Workshop,  iii.  (1880)  64-75. 

33.  He  closes  his  prefatory  **  Argument "  thus : — "  And  to  the 
entent  y^  this  my  labours  may  be  the  more  pleasaunt  vnto  lettred 
men,  I  haue  adioyned  vnto  the  same  ye  verses  of  my  Actour  with 
dyuerse  concordaunces  of  the  By  by  11  to  forty  fy  my  wrytynge  by 
the  same,  and  also  to  stop  the  enuyous  mouthes  (If  any  suche 
sbal  be)  of  them  that  by  malyce  shall  barke  ayenst  this  my 
besynee." 

34.  These  quotations,  and  the  illustrative  examples  which 
follow,  are  taken  from  the  excellent  edition  of  Barclay's  work  by 
T.  H.  Jamieson  (2  vols.),  published  in  1874. 

35.  The  woodcut  at  the  head  of  this  section,  represents  a  man 
vrith  a  hawk  on  his  fist  entering  a  church.  At  his  feet  are  three 
dogs,  two  of  them  fighting. 

36.  One  of  the  most  powerful  sections  is  entitled,  "Of  the 
abnsion  of  the  spiritualte.''    He  laments 

"  The  honor  of  religion  euery  where  decays 
From  the  kechyn  to  the  quere  and  so  to  a  state 
One  yester  day  a  courter  is  nowe  a  prest  become." 

In  the  concluding  verse  of  "  Thenuoy  "  to  the  same  section,  he 

attacks  the  bishops  for  their  laxity  : — 

"  The  cause  why  so  many  prestis  lackyth  wyt 
Is  in  you  bysshops,  if  I  durst  trouth  expresse 
Whiche  nat  consyder  what  men  that  ye  admyt 
Of  lyunge  cnnnynge  person  and  godlynes 
But  who  so  euer  hym  self  thereto  wyll  dresse 
If  an  angell  be  his  brokar  to  the  scnbe 
He  is  admyttyd  howe  beit  he  be  wytles 
Thus  solde  is  presthode  for  an  vnhappy  biybe."     (ii.  59,  68.) 


120  DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  presidential  ilDDRKSS. 

37.  Amongst  the  works  may  be  mentioned :  The  Hospital  far 
Incurable  Fods,  by  J.  Garzoni  (1600),  translated  by  R  Blount  (t) ; 
The  Scourge  of  Folly,  by  John  Davies  of  Hereford  (1611) ;  FoUie^s 
Anatomie,  by  R  Hutton  (1619);  The  Knot  of  FooU,  by  J. 
Brewer  (1^4);  '^Stultorum  plena  sunt  omnia"  adorned  the  title 
of  Armin's  Nest  of  Ninnies  ( 1 608).  The  Registers  of  the  SiaHonar/ 
Co,  contain  the  following  notices  of  ballads  or  ''ballets,"  licensed 
for  printing: — 

1567-8.     Agaynste  the  shippe  of  focHes, 

1569-70.     ye  xxv  orders  of  fooles,  reprinted  in  Huth's  Ancient 

Ballads,  &c.  (1867)  128. 
1586.     The  xx^^^v  orders  of  Knaues, 
1604.     The  Ship  of  fooles.  (ed.  Arber.  i.  357,  414;  ii.  461; 

iii.  273.) 

38.  Cf.  "Myles  Coverdale,"  by  the  Eev.  Treasurer  Hawker 
(D.  A.  X.  209-214);  and  ''Did  Miles  Coveidale  Translate  the 
Scriptures  at  Paignton  ? "  in  "  Devoniana,"  by  J.  T.  White  {Ibid. 
xiiL  191-193),  the  answer  being  a  decided  negative. 

39.  A  singular  drama  relating  to  this  matter,  neither  the  authoi^s 
name  nor  the  date  of  publication  of  which  are  known,  beais  the 
title  of  Courtnay,  Earl  of  Devonshire;  or,  the  Troubles  of  the 
Princess  Elizabeth,  A  Tragedy,  London ;  printed  for  Nicholas 
Cox  at  the  Golden  Bible  without  Temple- Bar.  The  printed  work 
is  evidently  of  the  last  century. 

40.  Is  not  included  in  the  list  of  Prison  Books  and  their 
Authors,  by  J.  A.  Langford  (1861). 

41.  Prince  (600)  and  Wood  (Fasti,  i,  24)  assert  he  was  Dean 
of  Exeter,  but  his  name  does  not  appear  in  the  lists  of  Le  Neve 
and  Dr.  Oliver.  Wood  also  states  -  he  "  hath  (as  't  is  thought) 
written  several  matters  of  his  faculty,  but  lost."  {Ibid,  i  82.) 

42.  Other  editions  appeared  in  1568  and  1577,  evidences  of  its 
popularity.  It  was  reprinted  by  the  Early  English  Text  Society 
in  1868,  from  the  last-named  edition,  under  the  able  editorship  of 
Dr.  F.  J.  FurnivalL 

43.  Mr.  El  worthy  has  given  a  general  description  of,  and  many 
extracts  from,  Rhodes'  work  in  D,  A,  xxi.  419-430. 

44.  Books  relating  to  domestic  matters  of  all  kinds,  containing 
instructions  as  to  etiquette  and  general  behaviour,  mingled  with 
words  of  advice,  and  even  with  cookery  receipts,  were  common  in 
this  and  the  preceding  century.  Under  the  title  of  "  Manners  and 
Meals  in  Olden  Time  "  (1868),  several  English  and  foreign  tracts  on 
the  subject  have  been  printed  by  the  Early  Eng.  Text  Soc.,  edited 
by  Dr.  F.  J.  FurnivalL  One  of  the  earliest  known  is  Caxton's 
Book  of  Curtesye,  in  rhymed  stanzas,  printed  in  1477-8.    Some  of 


DB.  brushfield's  pbesidsntial  address.  121 

its  contente  are  so  similar  to  portions  of  Ehodes'  work  as  to  render 
it  probable  he  was  well  acquainted  with  them. 

45.  A  full  description  of  this  festival  will  be  found  in  Dr. 
Rock's  Church  of  Our  Fathers,  iiL  pi  2,  215,  219.  St.  Nicholas 
was  the  patron  of  children,  and  on  his  day,  December  6th,  the 
boy-bishop  was  elected;  who  entered  on  his  full  duties  on  Holy 
Innocents  Day. 

46.  The  Benedictines  were  the  most  learned  of  the  monastic 
orders.  "All  that  Europe  possessed  of  art  or  knowledge  she 
owed  to  them,"  exclaims  Dr.  Dollinger.  (Conversations  by  L.  von 
Kobell,  transl.  by  K  Gk)uld  (1892)  249.)  It  can,  therefore,  be  no 
matter  of  wonderment^  that  they  promoted  the  encouragement  of 
literature  in  their  early  employment  of  the  printing  press  at 
Tavistock. 

47.  The  work  of  Boethius,  the  great  philosopher  of  the  5th 
century,  was  always  a  popular  one  in  England.  It  was  translated 
and  paraphrased  by  King  Alfred,  and  a  copy  of  his  version,  with 
one  in  the  original  Latin,  were  in  Bishop  Leofiic's  Library.  It 
has  been  translated  into  several  languages,  an  EngUsh  version  by 
Chaucer  being  one  of  the  earliest  fhiits  of  Ca^cton's  press.  From 
Chaucer  to  Tennyson  poets  have  gathered  inspiration  from  its 
pages,  and  it  was  the  solace  of  Elizabeth  during  her  imprisonment 
in  the  time  of  Mary. 

48.  Dr.  Oliver  {Monasticon,  89)  states,  in  error,  that  E.  Langdon 
was  the  printer.  Mr.  A  Wallis  calls  attention  to  a  curious  note  at 
the  end  of  Herbert  Ames'  Typographical  Antiquities,  iii.  1814  :— 
"  In  the  Bodleian  Library  is  a  copy  of  this  book  ...  in  it  are  some 
MS.  notes  of  Wanley's.  '  In  one  of  them  he  says  ; — '  The  printing 
composer  who  set  the  types  of  this  book  seems  to  have  been  either 
a  Dutchman  or  a  Grerman,  many  words  being  printed  according  to 
foreign  pronunciation,  rather  than  according  to  our  old  English 
orthography,  not  to  mention  his  frequent  mistakes,'"  &c. 

49.  The  bibliographical  particulars  of  the  Tavistock  press  are 
contained  in  the  article  on  Devonshire  Printers,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Ingle 
Dredge,  in  the  Western  Antiquary ,  v.  122,  3.  To  the  references 
given  by  him  this  one  may  be  added.  The  Abbots  of  Tavistock,  by 
the  Rev.  D.  P.  Alford  (1891),  137,  8,  337-9. 

50.  For  the  following  extract  from  C.  R.  Rivington's  Records  of 
the  Stationer^  Co.  (1883)  27,  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  H.  Sotheran, 
jun. : — "  The  following  return  to  a  precept  from  the  Mayor  of  the 
members  of  the  Company  not  dwelling  in  the  City,  supplies  infor- 
mation respecting  the  provincial  printers  of  ,1571  : — 'Thees  shal 
be  to  Certefye  unto  your  honno'  &c.  wo'shippes  that.  According  to 
your  precepte  to  us  in  that  behalf  derected  thees  hereunder  named 
are  the  names  of  suche  as  are  abidinge  in  the  Countrie  from  the 
Lybties  of  this  Ceittie  with  the  places  where  we  suppose  they  are 

VOL.  XXV.  I 


122  DB.  BBUSHFIKLD'S  PBBBIDEMTIAL  ADDBBSa 

I 

now  resyaont  not  w^standinge  they  do  justly  paye  unto  us  akott 
and  lott  and  all  other  dueties.     From  o'  hall  viij  Octobie,  1571. 

John  Jacqaes  in  Somersetshire. 
Bob^  Redbourn  in  Oxfordshire. 
Alex.  Kitson  Cont^  Worcester. 
Eichard  Wallis  in  Canterbury. 
Henry  Holte  in  Exeter/  "  &c.,  &c. 

It  does  not,  however,  necessarily  follow  from  this  that  Kolte 
was  a  printer,  and  there  is  no  record  that  he  ever  printed  anything. 
Probably  he  was  content  to  remain  a  member  of  the  Stationers' 
Company,  on  payment  of  the  customary  "  skott  and  loti." 

51.  It  was  translated  into  English  in  1562,  and  again  in  1564, 
the  latter  by  Lady  Ann  Bacon  (mother  of  Lord  Chancellor  Bacon). 
It  has  been  reprinted  many  times. 

52.  These  and  other  extracts  are  taken  from  the  memoir  of 
Bp.  Jewel,  by  the  Eev.  Mandell  Creighton,  prior  to  his  elevation 
to  the  See  of  Peterborough,  contained  in  the  Did,  NaJt,  Biog. 
zxix.  378-382.  No  one  can  gainsay  the  fair  and  temperate 
spirit  in  which  it  is  written. 

52a.  They  were  all  Englishmen,  who  had  retired  to  the  Continent 
when  Elizabeth  came  to  the  throne — Alanus  Copus  <duM  Nicolas 
Harpsfield,  Nicolas  Sanders,  Thomas  Stapleton,  John  BastaU, 
Thomas  Dorman,  Thomas  Heskyns,  and  Thomas  Harding.  The 
first  answered  in  Latin,  the  remainder  in  EnglisL  Jewel  replied 
to  the  last  only.  Several  were  answered  by  other  divines.  Of  the 
first  six,  Bastall  was  probably  the  leading  writer.  Two  of  his 
works  were  entitled  respectively,  Beware  of  M.  Jewel  (1566),  and 
Brief  view  of  the  faUe  wares  packed  up  iri  the  namelesa  Apoioffy  of 
the  Church  of  England  (1567).  Dr.  Henry  Cole,  when  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  had  replied  to  the  challenge  in  1560 ;  this  met  with  a 
rejoinder  from  Jewel,  and  the  controversy  ceased. 

53.  Cranmer  answered  a  work  of  Gardiner's  on  the  Sacrament 
in  a  similar  manner. 

54.  A  curious  list  of  the  opprobrious  terms  used  against  Jewel, 
by  Harding  will  be  found  after  the  Preface  to  the  Defence  of  the 
Apology,  ed.  of  1611.  For  a  bibliographical  list  of  Dr.  Harding's 
works,  vide  D,  A.  xxil  349-351,  compiled  by  the  Bev.  J.  Ingle 
Dredge.     They  were  all  published  at  Antwerp  or  Louvain. 

55.  According  to  Froude  (vii.  347),  a  similar  bull  by  Pope 
Pius  IV.  was  withheld  at  the  instigation  of  Philip  IL  of  Spain. 

56.  "  What  war  is  this  ?  when  conquered  both  are  glad. 

And  either  to  have  conquered  other  sad." 

(Fuller,  Ch.  History,  bk.  10,  p.  49.) 

According  to  a  statement  recorded  by  Wood  (i.  613)  it  was  not 
William,  but  Edmund,  another  brother. 


DB.  BBUSHFUSLD'S  PfilSIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  123 

67.  In  his  Biography  of  the  Members  of  the  S.  J,  (1845),  113, 
Dr.  Oliver  affirms  the  conference  to  be  "  unfairly  reported,"  but  in 
what  manner  is  not  stated.  The  Rev.  H.  Foley,  in  his  Records  of 
the  Eng.  Province^  S.  J.,  viL  338,  makes  no  remark  upon  it.  The 
letter  by  John  Hart,  in  the  preface  to  the  work  of  Eainolds,  does 
not  favour  Dr.  Oliver's  statement.  One  of  his  remarks  in  it  is 
singular  enough  to  quote :  *'  As  for  that  which  be  affirmeth  in  one 
place  that  '  I  have  told  him,  that  my  opinion  is,  the  Pope  may  not 
depose  Princes ' :  indeede  I  told  him  so  much."  This  is  scarcely 
reconcilable  with  the  Pope's  'Bull  of  Excommunication  and 
Deposition'  of  Elizabeth,  published  in  1570.  Another  effect  of 
such  a  bull  is  thus  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Dollinger :  ''  The  celebrated 
bull  of  Urban  II.  .  .  .  declares  it  lawful  for  any  individual  to  put 
an  excommunicated  person  to  death,  provided  that  the  action 
is  undertaken  out  of  genuine  zeal  for  the  Church."  {Conversations 
of  Dr,  Dollinger,  by  Louisa  von  Eobell;  transL  by  Eatharine 
Gould  (1892),  262.)  Taken  from  a  letter  of  Dr.  Dollinger  to  the 
Pi^  Nuncio,  dated  Oct.  12,  1887. 

58.  In  1641  appeared  a  small  4to.  pamphlet  of  pp.  16  with  this 
title.  The  Judgement  of  Doctor  Raincldes  touching  the  Originall  of 
Episcopacy:  more  largely  confirmed  out  of  Antiquity,  by  James 
[Ussher],  Archbishop  of  Armagh. 

69.  The  title  of  Turner's  work — Maria  Stuarta,  Regina  Scotice, 
doiaria  Francice,  hceres  Anglice  et  Hyhemice,  Martyr  Ecdesics, 
Irtnoeens  a  cade  Darleana :  vindice  Oberto  Bamestapolio,  Ingoldst. 
1588,  Cologne  1627.  Buchanan's  was  issued  in  Latin,  French, 
and  Scottish  in  the  same  year  (1572).  The  last — Ane  Detection 
of  the  Doingis  of  Marie,  Quene  of  Scottis,  twiching  the  Murther  of 
hir  Husband,  ^c.    Cf.  Strype's  Annals  (1824),  in.  461-464,  566-7. 

60.  Dr.  Oliver  suspected  ''he  was  the  author  of  the  Latin 
treatise  printed  at  the  end  of  Sanders's  treatise  De  Schismate 
AnglieanoJ*  Cologne;  ed.  of  1627.  {Hist,  of  the  Catholic  Religion, 
424) ;  but  the  Eev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge  reports  this  to  be  incorrect. 

61.  Vide  Collected  Works  of  Bishop  Hall  (1808),  ix.  77-213. 
Coffins'  treatise  was  a  reply  to  *'  An  Apologetical  Discourse,  of  the 
Marriage  of  Ecclesiastical  Persons,"  by  Hall,  contained  in  one  of 
}uB  Epistles  {Ibid,  vil  149-155),  written  circ.  1608.   {Ibid,  ix.  79.) 

62.  Translated  by  Dr.  Fletcher  in  1827,  under  the  title  of  My 
Motives  for  Renouncing  the  Protestant  Religion,  by  Antony  de 
Dominis,  d.d..  Dean  of  Windsor.  The  Archbishop  of  SpsJatro 
came  to  England  in  1616,  and  became  a  Protestant.  He  returned 
about  1622  to  Home,  and  rejoined  the  Church  there.  He  was 
imprisoned  by  the  Inquisition,  and  died  a  prisoner.  After  death 
his  body  was  burnt  as  that  of  a  heretic.  A  full  account  of  him  is 
given  by  Gardiner,  (iv.  282-288.)  A  Latin  letter  addressed  to 
him  will  be  found  in  HaU's  Works,  vil  214-219. 

1  2 


124         Da  brushfield's  presidentul  addsess. 

63.  The  British  Moseom  catalogue  contains  entries  of  tianala- 
tions  of  several  works  by  Philippe  de  Momaj,  Seigneur  da 
Plessis-Marly,  but  none  bearing  this  title.  One,  A  Treatise  of  the 
Church,  was  translated  by  J.  F[eilde],  1580. 

64.  The  Epistle  Dedicatory  is  signed  "  Rye.  Baddeley,"  and  to 
the  following  remarks,  "Mr.  John  Molle"  is  appended  as  a 
marginal  note : — "  Of  him  also  beeing  to  earely  depriued,  it  bath 
no  lesse  lamented  his  constrained  absence  (and  perhaps  for  the 
same  cause)  than  Rachaell  did  her  massacred  Innocents.  For  alas  ! 
this  ever  well-deseruing  Patriot  hath  now  for  many  yeares  beene 
missing  an(l  awanting  vnto  His  ...  he  hath  done  his  God  better 
[service]  abroad:  for  whose  cause  it  is  now  with  him  as  it  is, 
albeit  no  otherwise  than  it  hath  beene  with  many  glorious  Martyrs 
and  Confessors  in  the  very  same  place."  All  this  serves  to 
corroborate  the  correctness  of  Mr.  Dredge's  opinion. 

65.  The  '*  Fatal  Vespers  "  occurred  at  the  house  of  the  French 
Ambassador  in  Blackfriars,  where  an  audience  had  assembled  in  an 
upper  room  to  hear  the  Jesuit,  Kobert  Drury,  preach.  The  floor 
gave  way,  and  about  100  persons,  including  the  preacher,  were 
killed.  A  pamphlet  by  W.  C,  giving  an  account  of  the  occurrence^ 
with  the  names  of  86  who  perished,  and  of  5  who  were 
**  inquired  after,''  was  published  in  the  same  year,  and  reprinted 
in  Morgan's  Phosnix  Britannicus,  421-431.  The  number  of  deaths 
is  stated  in  the  Eltham  parish  register  as  96.  (Lyson's  Envirana  of 
London,  iv.  410.) 

66.  In  this  work  he  attributes  his  re-conversion  partly  to  the 
entreaties  of  his  '^  aged  father  .  . .  whose  righteous  soule  hath  been 
vexed  with  my  infamous  douiation."  (94.) 

67.  The  lists  have  been  reprinted  by  the  Rev.  H.  Foley,  in  his 
Records  (L  €71-683),  and  by  him  thought  to  be  "on  the  whole, 
accurate " ;  also  in  Morgan's  Phosnix  Britannicus,  L  432-440. 
They  include:  1.  A  Catalogue  of  Books  dispersed  by  Roman 
Catholic  Priests,  &c.     3.  Names  and  Addresses  of  the  Booksellers. 

3.  Names  of  the  Roman   Catholic   Priests  resident  in  London. 

4.  A  list  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Physicians  resident  in  London. 
There  were  some  others  (in  the  New  Shreds)  of  names  of  young 
women  sent  to  foreign  nunneries,  and  the  factors  employed  for  the 
purpose.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  laws  against  ''Popish 
Recusants  "  were  very  severe  at  that  time. 

68.  On  the  authority  of  Wood  (il  260),  Edw.  Gee  appears  (in 
error)  as  the  author  of  the  Steps,  &c.,  in  the  bibliographical  woi^ 
of  Lowndes  and  Allibone.  He  wrote  a  metrical  epitaph  on  his 
wife,  which  Mr.  Chanter,  by  mistake,  assigns  to  John  Gee.  This 
epitaph  is  a  very  curious  one,  and  terminates  thus : 

**  Henceforth  I  will  no  more  alight  upon  a  fair  green  tree, 
But  as  a  turtle  which  hath  lost  his  dear  mate  I  will  be." 


DB.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  125 

Alas !  for  promises  recorded  thus,  he  married  again,  and  at  his 
death,  in  1618,  left  a  widow  "  to  turtle  it  after  him  as  he  had  done 
before."  (Prince,  406.) 

69.  Although  usually  deemed  a  Devonian,  Mrs.  F.  B.  Troup,  in 
her  '*  Biograplacal  Notes  on  Doctor  Matthew  Sutcliffe,  Dean  of 
Exeter''  (Z>.  A.  xxiiL  171-196),  shews  good  reason  for  considering 
him  a  Torkshireman.  Her  article  includes  a  complete  list  of  his 
works. 

70.  His  vigour  was  not  confined  to  words.  In  furtherance  of 
his  polemical  views  he  founded  the  College  of  Controversy  at 
Chelsea,  in  1610.  During  his  lifetime  it  is  reported  to  have  been 
successful,  but  fell  away  at  his  deatL     Thus  Fuller : 

"The  modest  Colledge  blushed  to  be  stronger 
Than  was  its  Lord ;  He  dead,  it  liv'd  no  longer." 

{Church  History,  bk.  18,  p.  53.) 

71.  It  was  read  at  a  Convocation  of  the  Clergy  held  on  Jan. 
15,  1562,  and  printed,  with  some  emendations  by  Archbishop 
Grindal,  in  Strype's  Annals  (1824)  i.  618-525. 

72.  On  the  assertion  of  Izacke  (in  his  catalogue  of  the  Bishops 
of  Exeter),  Prince  records  him  '^a  native  of  this  county."  But 
Fuller,  Dr.  Oliver,  and  later  authorities  affirm  he  was  bom  in 
Nottinghamshire. 

73.  Sermons  and  small  religious  treaties  were  written  and 
published  by  John  Bury  (1580-1667),  born  at  Tiverton,  vicar  of 
Heavitree;  Alex,  Orosse  (15969-1654),  a  Devonian,  preacher  at 
Plympton,  and  rector  of  Bridford;  Abraham  Jackson  (1589- 
1646 1),  a  Devonian,  and  the  author  of  a  poem,  "  Sorrow^s  lenitive"; 
William  Sdater,  d.d.  (-^rc  1661),  vicar  of  Collumpton;  Henri/ 
Tozer  (1602-1650),  bom  at  North  Tawton;  and  Robert  Wolcoinbe 
(JL  1600),  a  Devonian. 

Edw.  KeUett,  d.d.  (-1641).  His  principal  work,  Tricoenivm 
ChrisH,  was  not  published  until  1641,  probably  after  his  death 
in  that  year.  Bibliographical  list  of  his  works  by  Rev.  J.  Ingle 
Dredge,  in  D.  il.  xxii.  351-353. 

John  Barlow  (1581-1630).  His  most  important  work,  An 
JEzpogUton  of  the  First  and  Second  Chapters  of  the  latter  Epistle 
of  the  Apostle  Paid  to  Timothie  (1632)  (that  of  the  first  chapter 
had  been  published  in  1625),  was  published  several  years  after  he 
left  Devonshire,  although  dedicated  to  "The  Mayor  of  Plymouth.'' 

74.  Other  authors  have  derived  some  pleasure  from  writing  on 
the  same  disease,  e.g.^  The  Honour  of  *the  Gout :  or  a  rational 
discourse  demonstrating  that  the  Oout  is  one  of  the  greatest 
Blessings  which  can  befal  mortal  Man^  by  Philander  Misiatrus 
(1699).  Dr.  R  Wittie's  Gout-Raptures,  a  "Fiction  of  War 
among  the  Stars''  (1677,  1681),  feills  under  the  same  category. 


126         DR.  brushfisld's  presidential  address. 

*'  I  was  in  a  fit  of  the  Grout  when  I  first  projected  it^"  he  writes. 
To  compose  134  4-line  verses,  then  to  tranjEdate  them,  first  into 
Latin,  tiien  into  Greek !  an  attack  of  gout  would  be  preferable  to 
most  persons. 

The  following  is  transcribed  from  one  of  the  sets  of  commendatorj 

verses :  ttj,^  Doctor  Robert  Wittie, 

Who  eas'd  his  Gout  with  rhyming, 

•  •  •  . 

And  tella  ns  all  the  greetings. 
With  all  the  jars  among  the  Stajs, 
Which  happen  at  their  meetings."  (91,  2.) 

75.  Vide  "  Samuel  Hieron :  A  Devonshire  Vicar  in  the  Reigns 
of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,"  by  Rev.  8.  G.  Harris  (D.  A,  xxiv. 
77-85),  and  Bibliography  of  S.  Hieron,  by  Rev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge 
{Ibid.  488-510). 

76.  Thomas  Hutton,  vicar  of  Si  Kew,  in  Cornwall,  was  one  of 
his  principal  opponents.  In  1 605-6,  he  published  Answers  to  the 
Ministers  Beasons  far  refusal.  He  became  rector  of  North  Lew 
and  Prebendary  of  Exeter  in  1616. 

77.  He  wrote  A  Sorrowful  Song  for  Sinful  Souls  on  the 
occasion  of  ''the  Strange  and  Wonderful  Shaking,  6  April,  1580" 
[the  date  is  erroneously  stated  by  Wood  as  1586  (ii.  288)],  when  a 
great  earthquake  wave  extendi  throughout  England,  and,  it  is 
stated,  caused  the  great  bells  of  Westminster  to  ring. 

78.  His  actual  birthplace,  according  to  Risdon,  was  in  TJplime 
parish  {Survey  (1714)  ii.  89).  List  of  works  by  Rev.  J.  In^e 
Dredge  in  D,  A.  xxiv.  516-521 ;  and  of  Michael  Jermin,  Ibid, 
xxi.  529-531. 

79.  The  Rev.  Treasurer  Hawker  wrote  a  "Sketch  of  John 
Prideaux."  (A  A.  ix.  184^187.)  "In  him,"  said  Prince,  "the 
heroical  wits  of  Jewel,  Raynolds,  Hooker,  his  fieimous  country- 
men, as  if  united  into  one,  seem'd  to  triumph  anew."  (659.) 

Lists  of  his  works  will  be  found  in  Wood  (iil  267,  8,  73)  and 
Prince.   (656,  7.) 

80.  Hakewill's  was  not  the  first  treatise  or  protest  against  the 
Spanish  match.  One  had,  in  the  previous  year  (1620),  been 
addressed  to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  by  Thomas  Alored, 
secretary  to  Ralph  lord  Ever,  president  of  Wales  (printed  in  Outch's 
Collectanea  Curiosa,  i.  170-180),  for  which  he  was  sent  to  prison, 
and  is  thus  referred  in  the  letter  (addressed  by  Rob.  Woodward  to 
Mr.  Windebank) : — "  There  is  one  Mr.  Aldred  (sometimes  Secretary 
to  the  Lord  L'vres)  committed  for  wryting  to  my  Lord  of  Buck- 
ingham a  dehortative  letter  against  this  match  witii  Spayn."  The 
popular  anti-Spanish  feeling  was  shown  in  a  remarkable  manner 
on  the  occasion  of  the  Prince's  return  from  Spain  in  1623,  described 
by  Gardiner,  (v.  128,  9.) 


« 


DB.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  127 

81.  ItB  popularity  is  furfcher  evidenced  by  the  circumstance,  that 
the  original  edition  was  translated  in  Holland  into  Latin  in  1632, 
and  retranslated  into  English  in  1657.  Its  ability  was  recognised 
at  Cambridge  in  being  selected  as  the  thesis  for  philosophical  dis- 
putation in  1628.  It  received  the  greatest  praise  from  Dugald 
Stewart. 

It  is  referred  to  by  Pepys,  who,  when  in  trouble  (Feb.  3,  1 667), 
'^read  a  little  in  Hakewell's  Apology,  and  did  satisfy  myself 
mighty  &ir  in  the  truth  of  the  saying  that  the  world  do  not  grow 
old  at  all,  but  is  in  as  good  condition  in  all  respects  as  ever  it  was 
as  to  nature.''  (£d.  Bright,  iv.  225.) 

82.  The  passage  will  be  found  in  the  explanation  of  the  alle- 
gorical frontispiece :  "  The  Creator  .  .  .  hath  so  ordained,  that  the 
Elements,  of  which  all  sub-lunary  bodies  are  composed,  doe  so 
beget  one  the  other,  and  againe  so  begotten  each  from  other ;  that 
while  they  seem  to  dye,  they  become  immortall.  For  as  Earth  is 
resolved  into  Watery  the  Water  rarefied  into  Ayre^  .and  the  Ay  re 
into  Fire,  in  the  way  of  their  ascension ;  so  in  their  descending 
down-ward,  by  a  mutuall  Compensation,  the  Fire  becommeth  Ayre^ 
the  Ayre  thickneth  into  Water^  and  the  WcUer  againe  into  Eartfi," 
(edit  of  1635.) 

83.  Quoted  from  Hill's  ed.  of  Boswell's  work  (I  219),  in 
Did.  Nat,  Biog.  xxiv.  7.  A  complete  list  of  his  works  by  the  Rev. 
J.  Ingle  Dredge  iBm  D,  A.  xxil  340-347.  A  small  4to.  pamphlet 
of  88  pages,  '*  translated  out  of  the  French  by  G.  H.",  entitled 
Anti-Coton  (1611),  is  attributed  to  Hakewill  by  some  writers,  but 
is  not  included  in  the  list  of  the  former. 

84.  These  were  Scutum  Regium  adversus  omnes  Begiculas  et 
Regieidarum  Patronos,  &c.  (1612),  and  Comparison  between  the 
Days  of  Purim  and  that  of  Powder  Treason  (1626). 

85.  In  the  Annalea  of  England  (1630)  233,  by  F.  Godwin,  at 
first  Sub-dean  of  Exeter,  afterwards  Bishop  of  IJandafif,  then  of 
Hereford,  published  in  Latin  in  1616,  afterwards  in  English,  the 
translation  by  Morgan  Grodwin,  son  of  the  author. 

86.  The  following  is  the  full  title :  "  Fvlforde  et  Fvlf&rdce,  A 
Sermon  preached  at  Esceter,  in  the  GathedrcUl  Churchy  the  sixth 
day  of  August  commonly  called  Jesus  day  1594.  in  mertioriall  of 
the  Cities  deliuerance  in  the  daies  of  King  Edward  tJie  sixt. 
Wherein  is  intreated  of  the  goodness  of  Ood  toward  Man,  and  of 
the  ingratitude  of  Man  toward  God,  London  1595."  There  are 
two  sets  of  dedicatory  verses  in  Latin,  addressed  respectively  to 
Thomas  Fulford  and  to  his  wife.  The  latter  was  the  daughter  of 
Bichard  Bamfield,  of  Poltimore. 

87.  The  text  of  the  '*  Consecration  Act  of  St.  Bartholomew's 
Cemetery"  is  given  in  Dr.  Oliver's  Hist,  of  Exeter  (1821)  Ixlviii-ix. 
Ci  also  89. 


128  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

88.  Cf.  Pettigrew  On  Medical  Superstitions  (1844)  130,  1. 

89.  In  anticipation  of  fault-finding,  there  is  a  curious  note  from 
'Hhe  Printer  to  the  Courteous  Header "  (ed.  1635),  in  which  he 
remarks,  "  thou  knowest  that  absolute  perfection  is  not  to  be  foimd 
in  Angels,  and  therefore  much  lesse  to  be  expected  or  hoped  for  in 
men,  who  for  the  most  part  are  wholly  composed  of  Erroura." 

90.  The  following  remarks  on  Eeynolds'  works  are  from  Sir  K 
Brydges'  Restituta  iv.  161:  God's  Revenge^  ^c,  "was  probably 
reaid,  not  without  much  moral  benefit,  in  butlers'  pantries  and 
in  servants'  halls."  Tlie  Flower  of  Fidelitie  "  seems  to  have  been 
designed  more  for  a  parlour  guest,  being  written  in  apparent 
imitation  of  the  amatorious  and  chivalrous  romances,  but  with  a 
verbosity  and  pomposity  of  language,  added  to  an  unnatural  infla- 
tion and  artificial  sentimentality,  that  are  sometimes  ludicrously 
absurd." 

91.  He  was  on  the  point  of  becoming  a  Devon  resident  in  1601, 
on  being  offered  the  mastership  of  Blundell's  School,  at  Tiverton, 
and  which  he  was  about  to  accept,  when  the  living  of  Halstead,  in 
Suffolk,  was  bestowed  upon  him. 

92.  It  deserves  to  be  reprinted  in  a  separate  volume.  It  is  not 
a  little  remarkable  that  in  one  published  in  1796,  of  the  Selected 
Beauties  of  Hall's  writings,  and  containing  366  closely-printed 
pages,  there  is  not  a  single  extract  from  these  Meditations. 

93.  Smedyinnus :  formed  from  the  initials  of  the  names  of  the 
five  Puritan  Divines  who  took  part  in  the  controversy :  Stephen 
Marshall,  Edward  Galamy,  Thomas  Young,  Matthew  Newcomen, 
and  William  Spurston.  Cf.  NeaFs  Hist,  of  tlie  Puritans,  iv.  (1738) 
162,  3;  Gardiner,  ix.  390. 

94.  The  Collected  Works  of  Bishop  Hall  were  published  in 
1808,  and  extend  to  ten  very  closely-printed,  thick,  octavo  volumes. 

95.  Ldfe  in  Works  (1793),  i.  75.  The  character  accorded  by 
the  poet  Cowper  to  Newton,  Boyle,  and  Locke,  is  equally 
applicable  to  Hooker — 

**  Patient  of  contradiction  as  a  child, 
Affable,  humble,  diffident,  and  mild." 

( Progress  of  Error. ) 

The  term  "judicious,"  applied  to  him  first  in  his  epitaph,  is 
equally  applicable  to  him  in  all  things,  perhaps,  excepting  his 
marriage,  in  which  he  must  be  classed  with  Socrates  and  Sir 
Thomas  More.  His  equableness  of  temper  may  be  illustrated  by 
a  literary  anecdote  related  of  him  by  his  biographer,  Izaak  Walton. 
Having  been  informed  his  house  was  robbed,  "  His  question  was, 
'  Are  my  books  and  written  papers  safe  1 '  And  being  answered 
that  they  were,  his  reply  was,  *  Then  it  matters  not,  for  no  other 
loss  can  trouble  me.*"  {Life  in  Works  (1793),  i.  89.) 


DR.   BRUSHFJELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  129^ 

96.  Of.  Halkm,  Ckmstit  Hist,  of  Eng.  (1850),  i  214-223,  for 
general  deseription  of  Hooker's  work,  and  its  influence  upon  Locke. 
(Also  Lii.  Hist,  (1873),  445-7.)  Its  effect  on  the  Church  is 
pointed  out  by  Green.  {Hist  iii.  30-2.)  Buckle  (Civil,  in  Eng,  i, 
312-16)  comments  at  length  upon  the  difference  between  his 
writings  and  those  of  Jewel  in  the  defence  of  their  Church  : 
''  Jewel  inculcates  the  importance  of  faith ;  Hooker  insists  upon 
the  exercise  of  reason." 

97.  A  tolerably  complete  list  is  given  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Chanter  in 
his  article,  "The  Early  Poetry  and  Poets  of  Devonshire,"  in 
D.  A.  vL  501-546. 

98.  N.  Carpenter :  Example  of  poetry  at  end  of  his  Geography 
Ddinealed  (1625).  J,  Doume :  In  the  last  28  pages  of  the  portion 
of  his  Works  printed  in  1635,  and  consisting  principally  of  hymns 
and  a  translation  of  the  "Institution  for  Children,"  by  M.  A. 
Moretua.  W.  Kempe :  An  illustration  given  by  the  Rev.  J.  I. 
Dredge  in  D.  A,  xxiv.  511. 

99.  This  is  the  short  title  given  in  the  Begistera  of  the 
Stationers  Company  (ed.  Arber,  L  101) ;  the  original  one  is  very 
long.  The  work  is  printed  in  extenso  in  the  English  Oamer  (iv. 
143-172)  of  Prof  Arber;  and  "Never  before,"  exclaims  he,  "did 
such  doggerel  verse  carry  so  fearful  a  story  as  this."  The  Address 
of  "  the  Book  to  the  Reader"  commences  thus : 

"  Peruse  with  patience,  I  thee  pray  ! 
My  simple  style,  and  metre  base." 

**  la  thought  to  have  been  useful "  to  John  Fox  in  his  compilation 
of  the  Aets  and  Monuments,  Other  works  of  Brice  are  recorded  in 
the  Stationers'  Registers,  but  nothing  more  is  known  of  them. 

100.  The  sonnet  had  been  employed  by  Petrarch  in  the  14th 
century.  In  the  16th  there  was  a  great  revival  of  his  poetry  in 
Italy,  and  from  this  period  dates  the  transference  of  the  sonnet  to 
England.  Petrarch  was  in  fashion  for  a  time,  hence  the  publica- 
tion by  John  Cawood,  about  1565,  of  "The  tryumphes  of  Fraunces 
PetrarcJce^  translated  out  of  Italian  into  English,  by  Henrye 
Parker,  Knyght,  Lorde  Morley."  The  translation  had  been  made 
in  1554.  This  Lord  Morley  was  not  a  member  of  the  present 
family  bearing  that  name,  nor  was  he  a  Devonian,  so  that  at  first 
sight  the  work  should  receive  no  notice  here.  It  is,  however,  of 
much  local  interest,  from  having  been  reprinted  in  1887  for  the 
Roxburghe  Club,  with  a  preface,  notes,  &c.,  by  the  late  Earl 
of  Iddefileigh,  probably  his  last  literary  work. 

101.  Ralegh  was  possibly  not  the  first,  but  the  only  probable 
name  of  one  who  preceded  him  is  that  of  Sir  Rioh.  Edoeoumbe 
(1499-1562),  the  bmlder  of  Mount  Edgcumbe,  who,  according  to 
Horace  Walpole  (Royal  and  Noble  Authors  (1798),  i  461),  "left 


130  DB.  brushfield's  pbesidential  addbess. 

several  copies  of  verses;  one  of  the  worst  .  .  .  was  prinied  in 
1752."  Probably  he  wrote  some  of  the  anonymons  pieces  in 
Tottel's  Miscellany. 

It  is  singular  that  Drake  and  Hawkins  have  been  included  in 
the  list  of  Devon  poets,  on  the  strength  of  their  names  being 
subjoined  to  metrical  lines  of  commendation  (a  sonnet  is  assigned 
to  Drake),  printed  in  George  Peckham's  A  tnte  Reporte  of  the  laie 
discoveries  ,  .  .  of  tJie  New-found  Landes  by  .  ,  .  Sir  Humfrey 
Gilbert  (1583).  Collier  has  reprinted  them  in  his  Bibliog.  Cator 
loffuCy  ii.  141,  2.  It  is  very  doubtful  whether  either  of  those  naval 
heroes  wrote  the  lines  attributed  to  them. 

102.  This  form  of  simile  was  a  favourite  one  with  Ralegh,  and 
enables  us  to  corroborate  the  general  opinion,  although  not  coincided 
in  by  the  Kev.  J.  Hannah  {CourUy  Poets  (1870)  76),  that  the 
poetical  piece,  entitled  '*  No  Pleasure  without  Pain,"  was  also  by 
him.     It  contains  these  lines : 

"  Sweet  were  the  joys  that  both  might  like  and  last 
•  •  •  • 

That  sugared  sour  must  sauce  the  bitter  sweet" 

103.  Several  of  his  poems  contain  passages  relating  to  the 
country.    The  following  beautiful  pastoral  sinule  is  in  **  The  Silent 

Lover    :      «« Passions  are  likened  best  to  floods  and  streams : 
The  shallow  murmur,  but  the  deep  are  dumb." 

104.  The  only  MS.  of  poetry  of  his,  believed  to  be  in  his  owa 
handwriting,  is  preserved  in  the  library  of  Hatfield  House. 

105.  The  Rev.  J.  Hannah  {Op.  cit,  56,  57)  has  included  among 
Ralegh's  writings  an  epitaph  on  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  and  one  on 
the  Earl  of  Salisbury,  both  scurrilous,  and  the  latter  very  coarae. 
There  is  not  only  no  evidence  that  Ralegh  wrote  either,  but  that  on 
Lord  Salisbury  was  certainly  not  by  him.     Vide  D,  A.  xix.  412. 

106.  In  his  Life  of  Spenser^  i.  155,  with  this  addition,  "Whoeo 
reads  it  finds  a  hush  of  awe  as  in  a  cathedral  come  over  him.  It 
needs  no  setting  to  music.  It  sets  itself  to  stateliest,  divineet, 
most  searching  music."  Hannah  notes,  **  the  highest  merit  which 
it  has  received  is  the  imitation  of  Milton  : 

**  *  Methought  I  saw  my  late  espoused  saint ;' " 

and  points  out  that  Wordsworth  and  other  writers  sought  to 
imitate  it.  (Op.  dt,  216.) 

107.  Printed  by  Mr.  Bullen,  in  his  Speculum  Amantis  (1889), 

76-7,  from  HarL  MS,j  6917.     The  poem  consists  of  six  6-iine 

stanzas,  the  last  of  which  runs  thus  : 

**0h  cruel  Time,  which  takes  in  trust, 
Our  youth,  our  joys,  and  all  we  have, 
And  pays  us  but  with  ace  and  dust ; 
Wno  in  the  dark  and  silent  grave, 
When  we  have  wander'd  all  our  ways, 
Shuts  up  the  story  of  our  days." 


DB.  BRUSHFISLD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  131 

The  '*  epitaph  "  is  dmilar  to  this,  except  in  commencing  ''  Even 
such  is  Time,"  and  the  addition  of  this  couplet : 

"  But  from  this  grave,  this  earth,  this  dust 
The  Lord  shall  raise  me  up,  I  trust." 

The  hope  of  resursection  expressed  in  this  forms  a  striking 
contrast  to  the  preceding  lines. 

It  is  recorded  that  on  the  night  hefore  his  execution,  in  1650, 
the  Marquis  of  Montrose  remembered  Ralegh's  poem,  as  he  inscribed 
aome  venes  on  the  wall  of  his  cell,  and  haying  this  termination  : 

**  In  hopeful  thou  It  recover  once  my  dust, 
And  confident  thou 'It  raise  me  with  the  just." 

(Rev.  J.  Hannah,  Op,  ciL  207.) 

108.  CoUeded  Works  of  Spenser,  by  Dr.  Grosart,  iv.  39,  42. 

109.  Under  the  title  of  "The  2l8t  and  last  Book  of  the  Ocean, 
to  Cynthia,"  Dr.  Hannah  {Op.  cit  32-51)  was  the  first  to  print 
this  fragment ;  but  Mr.  K  Gosse  was  the  first  to  show  that  it  was 

'but  a  small  portion  of  Ralegh's  magnum  opus,  and  which  probably 
extended  originally  to  about  15,000  lines.  This  he  did  in  the 
At?ieTUBum  of  Jan.  2  and  9,  1886,  and  afterwards  in  his  Life 
of  Ral^h,  45-7. 

110.  Examples  of  his  poetry  will  be  found  in  Ellis's  Specimens 
of  the  Early  Eng.  Poets  (1811),  u.  208-214.  A  spirited  war  song 
of  hiB  is  given  at  length  in  G.  Saintsbury's  Elizabethan  Litei-ature, 
129. 

111.  Qnoted  from  Malone's  MSS.  in  the  Bodl.  Library,  by 
E.  F.  Bimbault,  in  N,  4^  Q,  1st  S.  i.  146,  7,  where  the  song  is 
entitled  ^  A  Song  in  ye  praise  of  Melancholy  "  Another  cited  by 
the  latter,  "A  Song  against  Melancholy,"  is  stated  by  him  as 
probably  not  having  been  printed,  but  it  will  be  found  in  Ellis's 
work  {Op.  cit,  iiL  173)  as  "extracted  from  a  miscellany  called 
Wit  restored,''  1658.     Of.  Wood,  iii.  152,  3. 

112.  The  MS.  of  the  3rd  book  is  preserved  in  the  Library  of 
Salisbury,  where  it  was  found  by  Beriah  Botfield,  and  noticed  by 
him  in  his  Gaihedral  Libraries.  Edited  by  T.  Crofton  Croker,  it 
was  first  printed  by  the  Percy  Society  in  1852.  It  will  be  found 
in  the  Collected  Works  of  W.  Browne,  ed.  by  W.  C.  Hazlitt.  {Roxb. 
Lib.  ii  123-163.) 

113.  Li  "A  few  words  about  Dartmoor"  {Chambers'  Journal 
(1878),  439,  40),  the  writer  makes  the  following  curious  state- 
ment: ''Lidford,  where  Judge  Jefiferys  held  his  bloody  assizes, 
that  are  commemorated  in  the  lines,  *I've  ofttimes  heard  of 
Lidford  law,'"  &c.  Browne  died  before  Jefferys  was  bom,  and 
though  the  latter  held  one  of  his  terrible  Courts  at  Exeter,  there  is 
no  record  of  one  at  Lidford. 


132  DR.  BRUSHFIELp'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

114.  Mr.  Pengelly  (Z>.  A.  xix.  227-230)  has  foUy  stated  all 
the  facts  hearing  upon  the  authorship.  In  Oshome's  TradUionaU 
Memory 68  (1658)  the  epitaph  contsuns  some  variations  from  the 
usual  form,  with  the  addition  of  six  lines,  helieved  to  have  been 
added  by  Lord  Pembroke.  Gifford  includes  the  former  in  the 
Works  of  Ben  Jonson  (1815,  vii.  324,  5),  and  remarks  of  it^ 
'*The  exquisite  beauty  of  this  little  piece  (the  most  perfect  of 
its  kind),"  &c. 

115.  A  copy  of  Britannia! 8  Pastorals,  preserved  in  the  Hath 
Library,  is  recorded  in  the  Catalogue  (i.  230)  as  ''of  special 
interest,  by  having  on  the  margin  copious  MS.  notes,  which  are 
believed  to  be  in  the  autograph  of  John  Milton."  These 
marginalia  are  printed  in  extenso,  with  notes  by  Hazlitt.  {Op,  cU. 
L  xxL-xxiv.) 

116.  His  youthful  muse  is  thus  alluded  to  by  an  anonymous 
writer  : 

*'  PanDS  pastoral  Browti^  whose  infant  Muse  did  squeak 
At  eighteen  yeares,  better  than  others  speak.'' 

{Choice  Drollery  (1656),  ed.  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Ebsworth  (1876),  (J.) 

117.  The  piece  will  be  found  in  Browne's  Works^  by  Hazlit^ 
i.  163,  and  in  B.  Jonson's  Works  (1870),  viii.  331,  where  it  is 
headed,  "To  my  truly  beloved  Friend,  master  Browne:  on  his 
Pastorals."  Southey,  when  visiting  the  Church  of  Ottery  St. 
Mary,  ''expressed  his  opinion  that  the  beautiful  epitaphs  in 
St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  commencing  with  *If  wealth,  wit,  beauty,' 
and  *  Under  this  monument,'  &c.,  were  written  by  Browne." 
{CJi.  of  Ottery  St,  Mary,  by  Kev.  S.  W.  Cornish,  d.d.  (1869),  34.). 

118.  In  Dr.  Grosart's  edition  of  Herrick's  Works  (1876),  there 

is  a  curious  error  in  his  explanation  of  the  word  ''wakes,"  as 

"a  watch  or  vigil,  ordinarily  with  a  corpse  at  night,"  whereas 

Horrick  evidently  employed  tlie  term  for  the  dedication  feast  of  a 

church,  and  to  which  he  alludes  in  his  short  poem  entitled  "The 

Wake." 

"  Tarts  and  custards,  creams  and  cakes, 
Are  the  junkets  still  at  wakes." 

119.  Four  of  his  poems  have  Jonson's  name  connected  with 
them.     Here  is  an  example,  headed  "  A  Bacchanalian  verse  "  : 

"  Fill  me  a  miffhty  bowl 
Up  to  the  brim, 
That  I  may  drink 
Unto  my  Jonson's  soul." 

120.  Wood  afifirms  "ho  was  much  beloved  by  the  gentry  in 
those  parts  for  his  florid  and  witty  discourse."  (iiL  250.) 

121.  In  the  interesting  paper  of  Mr.  F.  H.  Colson,  entitled 
"Herrick  in  Devonshire"  {D.  A,  xxiv.  70-75),  there  is  a  suggestion 


DB.  BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  133 

that  the  Heeperidea  was  rather  the  work  of  this  poet  hefore  his 
Devon  residence,  and  his  Noble  Numbers  when  at  Dean  Prior,  but 
the  evidence  yielded  by  the  poems  in  the  former  scarcely  admits  of 
this  explanation.  The  best  edition  of  Herrick's  Works  is  that 
edited  by  A.  Pollard,  with  a  preface  by  A.  C.  Swinburne  (1891), 
and  is  the  one  from  which  the  quotations  in  this  Address  have  been 
taken.  It  has  the  great  advantage  of  the  Epigrams  and  coarse 
pieces  generally,  being  relegated  to  an  Appendix.  Cf.  '*  Robert 
Herrick,"  by  E.  W.  Gosse,  in  Cornhill  Mag.,  xxxii.  (1875)  176-191. 

122.  Gorbudoc,  at  first  known  as  The  Tragedy  of  Ferrex  and 
Porrex^  was  written  by  T.  Sackville  and  T.  Norton,  and  was  "  the 
first  play  in  the  English  language  written  in  blank-verse."  (Collier, 
Higt.  Dram,  Poet,  ii  485.)  It  had  been  preceded  by  the  English 
comedies,  Ralph  Roister  Doistery  and  Gammer  GurtorCe  Needle, 

123.  Wood  appears  to  be  the  sole  authority  for  this.  Collier 
asserted  him  to  be  the  son  of  Stephen  Peele,  a  book-selling  ballad 
writer"  {BiU,  Cat,  ii.  145);  but  Mr.  A  H.  BuUen  states,  "his 
father,  James  Peele,  was  Clerk  of  Christ's  Hospital."  (Works 
of  O,  Peele  (1888),  i  xiii.)  His  birthplace  is  open  to  much 
doubt 

124.  It  is  termed  ye  device  of  the  Pageant  home  before  tJie 
Bighte  honorable  Martyn  Calthrop  lorde  maiour  of  the  Cytie  of 
London  the  29*^  dais  of  October  1588.  (Ed.  Arber,  ii  504.) 

125.  ''The  resemblance  between  this  play  and  Shakespeare's 
*  Taming  the  Shrew,'  is  very  close."  (Brit  Mm,  Cat  iii.  1477.) 
The  title  of  the  seventh  play,  The  Turkish  Mahomet,  and  Hyren 
the  Fair  Greek,  is  recorded  in  the  Merry  Jests,  A  cumbrous  one, 
entitled  Sir  Clyomon  and  Sir  Clamydes,  generally  attributed  to 
him^  is  believed  by  Mr.  Bullen  to  have  been  written  by  another 
author. 

126.  Wood  (i.  688)  has  made  three  plays  out  of  this  one.  Of 
that  relating  to  Queen  Elinor  he  states,  ''  this  and  a  ballad  of  the 
same  subject  are  now  usually  sold  by  ballad  singers  and  ballad- 
mongers."  Dyce  (Peelers  Works,  374,  5)  quotes  the  ballad  at 
length,  under  the  title  of  "  A  Warning  Piece  to  England  against 
Pride  and  Wickedness."  Whether  the  play  preceded  the  ballad  is 
unknown. 

127.  Sir  Thomas,  "commonly  called  the  lusty  Stukely,"  was 
3rd  son  of  Sir  Hugh  Stukely  of  Affton,  and  a  younger  brother  of 
Sir  Lewis,  or  "Judas"  Stukely.  (Cf.  "Of  Affton  and  the  family  of 
Stukely  "  in  Westcote's  Devm,  270-273.)  His  history  formed  the 
subject  of  another  drama,  "  The  Famous  Historye  [in  verse]  of  the 
life  and  death  of  Captaine  J.  S, , , ,  as  it  haih  been  Acted,  London, 
1605.  (Brit  Mus,  Cat)  Also  of  several  ballads  and  chap-book 
histories. 


j^  DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

liSw  The  line  "  Feed  and  bo  fat,  my  fair  Calipolis,"  in  Shakes- 
w^i  Hinnj  IV'  pt.  2,  act  2,  sc.  4,  was  evidently  an  allusion  to, 
liii:  •--  ndicule  of,  a  passage  in  Peele's  play,  in  which  Moley 
"Ajij.kzie:  commences  witli  a  vile  pun : 

"This  flesh  I  forced  from  a  lioness, 
Meat  of  a  piinc^oss,  lor  a  princess  meet  : 

*  *  *  * 

Feed,  then,  and  faint  not,  fair  Calipolis  ; 

»  *  •  « 

Feed  and  be  fat,  that  we  may  meet  the  foo 
With  strength  and  terror,  to  revenge  our  wrong." 

Battk  of  Alcazar f  act  iL  sc  3.) 

•  >a.  Warton  (iv.  153)  mentions  several  Scriptural  plays  and 
--•t- jie*  of  the  earlier  part  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  but  none  later 
.^Vr.  7:..»:  of  Peek*.  The  Hi^ifonj  of  Job,  written  by  Greene,  but 
Zv^"  printed,  is  stated  to  be  one  tliat  was  burnt  by  Mr.  Warburton's 

iSil  Preserved  in  Kgerton  MS.,  1991.  An  account  of  the  play, 
:.-..  jj;any  extracts  from  it,  by  the  Kev.  D.  P.  Alford,  will  be 
r^^"^?  ik  D,  A,  xxiv.  431-440. 

13L  There  is  an  imperfect  copy  of  it  in  the  British  Museum. 
Th  tnly  perfect  one  known  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  J.  Brooking 
i  !p1  who  has  given  an  account  of  it  in  D,  A,  xi.  262-275.     It 


t  and  signed  J.  I>.,  are  stated  to  liave  been  written  by  John 

^rj"  r  Hereford.    1  le  is  one  of  the  **  Four  Tavistock  Worthies  " 

!^morated  by  the  Kov.  D.   P.  Alford  in  D,  A.  xxl   145-7. 

gj°5^  Bray's  Tamar  and  Tainj  (1879),  ii.  241. 

'    2    g  It.  Gardiner,  viii.  1.50.    According  to  the  Blog.  Dramat, 

il'M*  iii  -**^»  •^'  **Soni(^  grave  persons,  however,  were  scandalized 

^LoQ  being  eroctud  in  tlie  college,  and  the  students  performing 

*'  *  *  rts  of  plttV*-'"'*  tluMcon  ;  and  a  book  soon  after  issued  from  the 

*^'*^'*ontitltKi,'*Tho   Overthrow   of    Stage   Plays.*"     Clearly  an 

^"^in)"!**"'  ""*   '''^"'   ^^"'''^^'^'''"'^   ^^'^   w^   published  in    1599, 

*^*«lis  StriHl«*»»  phiy  wjis  nut  j>erformed  until  1G36. 

t«,  A  bihliographical  list  of  his  writings,  by  the  Kev.  J.  Ingle 

I      will  Ih»  found  in  IJ.  A.  xxi.  533-537. 

*i    Known  to  his  conU'inporiirios  as  Jack  Ford.     The  title 

i  hi*«  works  nftt^n  l>onj  his  anagram,  "  Fide  Honor"  (  =  John 

«&.  Tho  ^'""'  "^   '''/''»  ^""o  ^''^*'  ^^r}^^  ^^f  ^^  regarded   by 

•1  a*  *  V^^y'     '**  ^^'"'  ^^^^^^  Ilouitr  Triumphivit,  reprinted  by 

^^^IkakdKiHMii'**   Socifty   in    1813.     The   former  has  a  curious 

•.li»  ^^^'|j,>  niirising  portion,  discovered  in  Lansdowne  MS.,  350, 

*ai«W*'  Ml  )^  {yund  in  an  article  on  the  work  in  W.  A,  viii.  49-52. 


DB.  BRUBHFIELD'S  PBS8IDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  135 

5.  The  four  burnt  were :  Beauty  in  a  Trance^  The  Lcmdon 
hant,  The  Royal  Combat^  and  lU  Beginning  has  a  Good  End, 
irst  named,  a  tragedy,  and  entered  in  the  Stationers'  Eegister 
)53;  the  remainder,  comedies,  and  entered  in  1660.  An 
nt  of  the  circumstances  that  led  to  the  destruction  of  these 
>ther  plays,  59  in  all,  of  which  14  were  Massinger's,  will  be 
I  in  Lansdowne  MS.,  807,  headed,  "A  Volume  formerly 
ging  to  John  Warburton,  Esq.,  Somerset  Herald,'*  &c.  The 
)f  which  Ford  was  part  author,  were  The  Sun^s  Darling  (1656), 
Moral  Masque";  two  unpublished,  but  produced  in  1624, 
Fairy  Knight  and  The  Bristowe  Mercliant — all  three  with 
;er;  the  Witch  of  Edmonton  (1658),  "a  known  true  story," 
Eowley,  Dekker,  and  others ;  and  A  late  Murther  of  the  Sonn 
the  Mother^  produced  in  1624,  and  unpublished,  in  conjunction 
Webster. 

7.  This  play  was  acted  in  the  same  week  as  Ben  Jonson's 
//in,  and  '*  Ford's  play  was  received  with  great  applause, 
\  Ben's  met  with  general  disapprobation."  Ben  "charged 
vith  having  stolen  The  Lover*8  Melancholy  from  Shakespeare's 
"8."  It  resulted  in  a  paper  war,  one  pamphlet  having  the  title, 
Ben^s  Light  Heart  made  Heavy  by  young  John's  Melancholy 
\  (Biog.  Dram,,  iL  392.)  In  his  edition  of  Jonson's  works 
rd  gives  a  different  account  of  the  transaction,  (v.  296.) 

B.   Evidently  founded  on  fact,  as  in  the  prologue  we  read : 

"  What  may  be  here  thought  Fiction,  when  time's  youth 
Wanted  some  riper  years,  was  known  a  Truth.'' 

9.  "It  was  reprinted  in  1714,  when  the  movements  of  the 
nder's  adherents  in  Scotland  were  attracting  attention  "  (AH. 
n,  Diet  Nat,  Biog.),  and  was  acted  at  Goodman's  Fields' 
tre  in  1745. 

0.  His  character  is  pithily  described  in  the  well-known 
et  in  Choice  Drollery  (1656). 

"  Deep  in  a  dump  John  Ford  alone  was  got 
With  folded  armes  and  melancholly  hat" 

1.  An  article  entitled  "John  Ford,  Dramatist,"  by  E.  Dymond 
the  Rev.  Treas.  Hawker,  appeared  in  D,  A,  viii  420-425. 
ral  editions  of  his  works  have  been  published;  one  by  H. 
3r  in  1811  raised  a  storm  of  adverse  criticism.  The  one  used 
lis  article  is  that  of  W.  Gifford,  with  additions  by  the  Eev. 
yce,  3  vols.,  1869. 

2.  A  list  of  works  for  and  against  is  given  by  Collier  in  his 
og.  Cat,  iL  174.  The  English  Drama  and  Stage  under  the 
r  and  StuaH  Pnnces,  ed.  by  W.  C.  Hazlitt  {Roxb.  Lib.  1869), 
I  most  complete  work  on  the  subject 


136  DB.  bbushfield's  pbesidemtial  addbbss. 

143.  The  full  title  is  here  given: — TK  overthrow  of  Siage- 
playeSf  By  the  way  of  controverste  betwixt  D,  Ckiger  and  Z>. 
Bainoldes,  wherein  all  the  reasons  that  can  he  made  for  them  are 
notably  refvied ;  the  obiedions  auneioered^  and  the  case  so  cleared 
and  resolved,  as  that  tlie  iudgement  of  any  man,  that  is  noifraward 
and  perverse,  may  easelte  be  satisfied.  Wherein  is  manifesdy 
proved,  that  it  is  not  onely  vnlawfiUl  to  bee  an  Actor,  bid  a  beholder 
of  tJwse  vanities.  Wherevnto  are  added  also  and  annexed  in  th* 
end,  certeine  latins  Letters  bettoixt  the  sayed  Maister  Rainoldes^ 
and  D,  OerUiles,  Reader  of  the  Civill  Law  in  Oxford,  concerning 
the  same  matter,     1599. 

144.  Some  attempts  were  made,  but  of  a  feeble  charaeteTy  to 
control  the  license  of  dramatic  writers,  e,g,  on  the  last  leaf  of  a 
MS.  vol.,  recorded  by  A.  H.  Bullen  in  his  Colled,  of  Old  Plagi, 
ii.  432,  is  tlus  entry : 

'*  This  play  called  y®  Seamans  honest  Wife,  all  y*  Oaths  left  out 
in  y®  action  as  they  are  croste  in  y®  booke  and  all  other  Befomuir 
tions  strictly  observed,  may  bee  acted,  not  otherwise. 

"  This  27th  June,  1633 

"  Henry  Herbert" 

Sir  H.  Herbert  was  Master  of  the  Revels  in  the  Reigns  of 
Charles  I.  and  II. 

145.  The  ballads  are  given  at  length  in  Roxburghe  Ballads 
(Ballad  Soc.)  i.  553-563. 

Extended  articles  on  the  subject  will  be  found  in  W,  A.  ix.  10, 
35-37,  62. 

146.  The  following  is  a  verse  from  a  ballad  entitled   *'The 

penitent  Traytor :  the  humble  petition  of  a  Devonshire  gentleman, 

who  was  condemned  for  treason,  and  executed  for  the  same,  anno 

1641":— 

*'  How  could  I  bless  thee,  couldst  thou  take  away 
My  life  and  infamy  both  in  one  day  ? 
But  this  in  ballads  will  survive  I  know. 
Sung  to  that  preaching  tune,  Fortune  my  foe." 

Quoted  in  Chappell's  Pop,  Music  of  the  Olden  Time^  i.  162,  3, 
where  the  music  is  also  given. 

147.  Kone  of  these  ballads  have  descended  to  us.  The  follow- 
ing titles  are  recorded  in  the  Stationers  Co.  Registers,  in  which 
the  Ralegh  ones  find  no  place : — 

Aug.  28,  1605.  A  ballet  vppon  the  Lamentable  Murthers  of 
Sir  John  ffytz  executed  vppon  himself  and  others. 

Sept.  13,  1605.     Sir  John  Fitz  his  ghost  &c. 

Aug.  14,  1612.  A  ballad  of  the  burning  of  Tyverton  the  5  of 
August  1612.  (Ed.  Arber,  iil  299,  300,  422.) 

These  were  in  addition  to  prose  versions. 


DB.  brushfield's  pbesidential  addbess.  137 

Those  relating  to  Ealegh  are  mentioned  in  a  letter  from  Chamber- 
lain to  Carlton,  of  Nov.  21,  1618 :— "  We  are  so  full  still  of  S' 
Walter  Ralegh  [executed  Oct  29,  1618],  that  almost  every  day 
brings  foorth  somwhat  in  this  kind,  besides  divers  ballets  wherof 
some  are  called  in,  and  the  rest  such  poore  stuffe  as  are  not  worth 
the  ouer-looking."  (State  Papers  Dom.  1611-18,  vol.  ciiL,  sec. 
102.) 

148.  For  a  bibliographical  list  of  his  writings,  by  the  Rev. 
J.  Ingle  Dredge,  vide  D,  A,  xxiv.  521-526. 

149.  The  following  extracts  from  Cowell's  Interpreter  contain 
some  of  the  objectionable  passages : 

"  King,  .  .  .  hee  is  above  the  law  by  his  absolute  power.  .  .  . 
And  though  at  his  coronation  he  take  an  Oath,  not  to  alter  the 
lawes  of  the  land,  yet  this  oath  notwithstanding  he  may  alter,  or 
suspend  any  particular  law  that  seemeth  hurtfidl  to  the  publique 
Estate.  .  .  . 

^*  Parliament.  .  .  .  Either  the  King  is  above  the  Parliament, 
that  is  the  positive  lawes  of  his  Kingdome,  or  else  that  hee  is 
not  an  absolute  King  ...  to  binde  the  Prince  to  or  by  these 
lawes,  were  repugnant  to  the  nature  and  constitutions  of  an 
absolute  monarchy.  .  .  . 

*'  Prerogative  of  the  Eong  is  that  especiall  power  .  .  .  that  the 
Eling  hath  in  any  kinde  over  and  above  other  persons,  and  above 
the  ordinarie  course  of  the  common  law,  in  the  right  of  his  crown." 

150.  Articuli  Clen,  Vide  Biog,  Brit,  (sub.  "Cowell"),  1495; 
Grardiner,  ii.  36 ;  Hook's  Abps.  of  Canterbury,  x.  (1875)  227. 

151.  Much  information  on  the  subject  is  contained  in  the  same 
Tolume  of  Winwood's  work,  e.g,:  "March  15,  1609-10.  Coweirs 
3ooke  .  .  .  having  been  .  .  .  examined  before  His  Majesty  .  .  . 
it  bath  ben  found  therein  repugnant  to  the  fundamentall  Lawes  of 
the  Realm  :  And  therefore  the  King  hath  promised  that  it  shall  be 
suppressed.**  (131.) 

152.  There  is  a  list  of  his  works  in  Wood,  iii.  426-429 ;  also  in 
Prince's  Worthies,  302,  3 ;  and  in  the  Diet,  Nat.  Biog.  xv.  158. 

163.  Watt  {BiU,  Brit,)  records  editions  of  1602  and  1603,  but 
such  are  unknown.  A  mistake  probably  caused  by  accepting  the 
years  when  the  ''Readings"  were  delivered  at  "New-lnne"  as 
those  of  publication. 

154.  In  1652  it  was  published  with  a  very  long  title,  commeno- 
iug  Honors  pedigree,  or  the  severed  fountaines  of  Gentry, 

155.  Of  these  treatises,  the  first  is  reprinted  in  Somers  Tracts, 
^d  the  third  forms  the  subject  of  a  paper  by  J.  B.  Davidson, 
^otttled  "Hoker's  Journal  of  the  House  of  Commons  in  1571," 
in  X).  A,  xi.  442-492. 

^OLu  XXV.  K 


138  DB.  BRUSHFIELD'S  presidential  ADDBE8& 

156.  The  several  tracts  forming  the  Opinunu  are  included  in 
HarL  MS.  305,  with  the  names  of  their  respective  authorsy  ^'who 
nsed  to  meet  together"  for  the  purpose  of  diactiBsing  the  sabject 

157.  Vide  the  Literary  History  of  Barnstaple,  by  J.  R 
Chanter,  8,  73. 

158.  The  Poetaster,  first  acted  in  1601  and  printed  in  the 
following  year,  did  not  contain  a  dedication  to  R  Martin,  The 
following  one  first  appeared  in  the  edition  of  1616:  '^To  the 
Virtuous,  and  my  Worthy  Friend,  Mr.  Eichard  Martin.  Sir, — ^A 
thankful  man  owes  a  courtesy  ever ;  the  unthankful  but  when  he 
needs  it  To  make  mine  own  mark  appear,  and  shew  by  which  of 
these  seals  I  am  known,  I  send  you  this  piece  of  what  may  live  of 
mine;  for  whose  innocence,  as  for  the  author's,  you  were  once 
a  noble  and  timely  undertaker  to  the  greatest  justice  of  this 
kingdom.  Ei\joy  now  the  delight  of  your  goodness,  which  is 
to  see  that  prosper  you  preserved,  and  posterity  to  owe  the  reading 
of  that,  without  offence  to  your  name,  which  so  much  ignorance 
and  malice  of  the  times  then  conspired  to  have  suppreet — ^Yonr 
true  lover,  Ben  Jonson.'' 
{Works,  by  Gifford,  ii  3C5-6.)  Gifford  deemed  it  probable  tiiat 
Martin  had  saved  Jonson  from  some  action-at-law,  as  '*  it  appears 
from  the  Apologetical  Dialogue  subjoined  to  this  drama  that 
Jonson  was  accused  of  having  reflected  in  it  on  the  professions  of 
law  and  arms."  (Ibid,  365.) 

159.  Gardiner  (ii  272)  affirms  that  the  work  was  suppressed  by 
James,  and  this  opinion  is  held  by  Edm.  Goese  (Raleigh,  184); 
but  £dwards  (Op,  cit.  i,  552-554)  has  shewn  that  Eal^h's  History 
of  the  World  was  the  work  that  James  attempted  unsuccessfully 
to  suppress.  There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the  Prerogative  was 
attempted  to  be  printed  until  1628. 

160.  Editions    were    published    simultaneously,    bearing    the 
imprints  of   Midelburge,  Hamburg,  and  London,   but  were  all 
produced  from  the  same  press.     The  typo,  paper,  printing,  &C9 
are  similar  to  the  works  of  Thos.  Scott,  author  of  Vox  Populi^  tha€r 
were  printed  at  Utrecht. 

161.  A  MS.  copy  of  Kalegh's  work  '*  transcribed  in  58  folioe^ 
is  among  the  papers  at  Port  Eliot,  with  passages  marked  by  Si^ 
John,"     (J.  Forster's  Life  of  Eliot,  i.  563). 

162.  Whether  he  ever  wrote  one  on  a  religious  subject  ]» 
questionable.  A  Dialogue  between  a  Jesuit  and  a  Recusant^ 
printed  in  the  Abridgment  of  his  History  of  the  World  (1700^ 
1702)  27-70,  has  been  attributed  to  him,  but  is  open  to  much 
doubt 

163.  According  to  D.  Lloyd  **  five  hours  he  slept,  four  he  read, 
two  he  discussed,  allowing  Uie  rest  to  his  business  and  his  necea- 


DR.   BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  139 

8itie&''  (suae  Worthies  (1670)  671.)  Aubrey  states,  "he  studyed 
most  in  his  sea-voyages,  where  he  carried  always  a  tranke  of  bookes 
along  with  him,  and  had  nothing  to  divert  him."  (Letters^  ^e. 
(1813)  iL  513.)  A  bibliographical  list  of  his  works  appeared  in 
W.  A,  V.  (1885,  6). 

164.  The  following  is  a  transcript  of  Milton's  Address : 

"  To  the  Header. — Having  bad  the  Manuscript  of  this  Treatise, 
Written  by 'Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  many  years  in  my  hands,  and 
finding  it  lately  by  chance  among  other  Books  and  Papers,  upon 
reading  thereof,  I  thought  it  a  kind  of  injury  to  withhold  longer 
the  work  of  so  eminent  an  author  from  the  Publick ;  it  being  both 
answerable  in  Stile  to  other  Works  of  his  already  Extant,  as  far  as 
the  subject  would  permit,  and  given  me  for  a  true  Copy  by  a 
Learned  Man  at  his  Death,  who  had  Collected  several  such  peices. 

"John  Milton." 

165.  Printed  in  Works  of  RcOegh  (1829)  viii.  223-252. 
Gardiner  {Op,  cit  ii.  156,  7)  is  of  opinion  the  second  was  written 
circ.  {September,  1612,  at  tbe  time  of  the  proposal  for  the  Prince 
to  wed  a  French  Princess,  and  that  therefore  the  date  of  "9  Jacobi" 
is  wrong;  but  it  is  difficult  to  perceive  how  he  can  be  correct,  as  both 
marriages  were  proposed  at  one  time.  Ealogh  in  his  first  treatise 
alludes  to  the  overture  "  of  a  cross  marriage  "  between  the  Prince 
and  the  Princess  of  Savoy ;  and  in  the  second  he  condemned  the 
niarriage,  one  of  his  arguments  being  "  that  Savoy  and  Spain  are 
inseparable."  He  favoured  a  French  alliance,  as  "by  holding 
France,  we  hold  the  Low  Countries."  Cf.  a  letter  firom  the  Earl  of 
Salisbury  in  Win  wood's  Memorials^  iii.  271,  2. 

166.  Oldys  gives  reasons  for  assigning  it  to  John  Keymer,  the 
author  of  Observations  upon  the  Dutch  Fishery,  written  circ.  1601 
(Op.  cit.  i.  441,  2).  So  does  Adolf  Buff;  of  Augsburg,  in  "Who 
is  the  author  of  the  Tract  entitled  *  Some  Observations  Touching 
Trade,'  &c",  published  in  Englische  Studien  (1873),  Band  i 
187-212. 

167.  First  printed  in  Judicious  and  Select  Essayes,  in  1650. 

168.  First  published  in  1702  by  his  grandson,  Phillip  Ealegh 
(son  of  Sir  Walter's  brother  Carew),  as  one  of  Three  Discourses,  &c. 

169.  Bibliographical  list  by  Rev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge,  in  D.  A. 
xxiv.  510,  1. 

170.  It  was  printed  for  the  first  time  in  Archceologia,  xxL  ( 1 827), 
508-520,  by  Sir  H.  Ellis  (who  dates  it  1570  \  but  Mr.  C.  H.  Coote 
(Did.  Nat.  Biog.)  assigns  it  with  greater  probability  to  1572,  after 
Gilbert's  return  from  the  Netherlands) ;  and  reprinted  in  Early 
£ng.  Text  Soc.,  extra  series,  voL  8,  1869,  with  introduction  and 
notes  by  Dr.  F.  J.  Fumivall.  The  MS.  is  preserved  in  the 
Lansdowne  Collection,  98,  No.  1. 

K  2 


140  DR.  brusufield's  presidential  address. 

171.  A  similar  suggestion  had  been  made  by  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon 
in  1561,  under  this  title  :  ^'  Articles  devised  for  the  bringing  up  in 
vertue  and  learning  of  the  Queenes  Majesties  Wardes,  being  heirea 
male,  and  whose  landes,  descending  in  possession  and  coming  to 
the  Queenes  Majestic  shall  amount  to  the  cleere  value  of  C  markes, 
or  above."  Attention  was  first  drawn  to  it  by  J.  P.  Collier,  in  an 
article  "  On  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  Lord  Keeper,"  in  Archceologia^ 
xxxvl  339-348.  , 

172.  Vide  "The  Founders  of  Wadham,"  in  Memorials  of  the 
We^t,  by  W.  H.  H.  Rogers  (1888),  147-172;  and  Wadham 
College,  Oxford,  by  T.  G.  Jackson  (1893),  6-61. 

-  173.  Vide  Blundelliana,  by  Mr.  H.  M.  Hankilor,  in  D,  A^ 
xxiii.  410-419. 

174.  There  is  another  reprint  of  the  Autobiography  in  Harleian 
Miscellany  (1810),  vL  51-57.  The  original  MS.  is  preserved  in 
the  Bodleian  Library.  A  memoir  of  Sir  T.  Bodley,  by  Sir  Jolin 
Bpwring,  is  contained  in  D,  A.  v.  330-343.  The  letters  to  Dr. 
James  being  undated,  detracts  much  from  their  value. 

175.  The  full  story  of  its  original  conception  and  continued 
progress  to  the  present  time,  is  told  in  the  Hev.  W.  D.  Macray's 
Annals  of  the  Bodleian  Library  (1868,  1890.)  The  first  formal 
letter  on  the  subject  was  sent  by  Sir  T.  Bodley  to  the  Vice- 
Chancellor  on  Feb.  23rd,  1597-8. 

176.  In  Win  wood's  Memorials,  ii.,  there  are  several  entries 
relating  to  the  troubles  experienced  by  English  traders  in  Spain. 

177.  "  Think  upon  his  activity  in  writing  to  almost  every 
distinguished  character  of  the  realm  :  soliciting,  urging,  arguing^ 
entreating  for  their  support  towards  his  magnificent  establishment" 
(Dihdiu^a  nibHoinania  (IS7 6),  272,  3.) 

According  to  lists  given  by  Dr.  Dibdin,  and  the  Kev.  W.  D. 
Macray,  Devonshire  contributed  the  following:  Sir  W.  Kal^h, 
£50 ;  George  Ralegh  (Exeter  Coll.),  408. ;  Sir  H.  Rolle,  £3  68.  8d. ; 
John  Sprot,  £5 ;  John  Barcham,  Dr.  J.  Rainolds,  and  WilL 
Hakewill,  printed  books,  the  last  named  an  Italian  MS.  in  addition ; 
W.  Cotton,  Bp.  of  Exeter,  23  MSS. ;  Dr.  Lawrence  Bodley,  £20, 
and  37  "  very  fair  and  new  bought  books  in  folio " ;  Sir  John 
Fortescue,  Knt.,  47  volumes,  "of  which  there  are  5  Greek  MSS. 
of  singular  worth." 

178.  A  list  of  these  books  appears  in  Dr.  Oliver's  Bps,  of  Exeter^ 
376-378.  Wood  (Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Oxford,  lib.  Ixxvil,  p.  51) 
gives  the  number  as  132,  but  this  refers  to  treatises,  and  not  to  MSS. 

179.  Mr.  Warren  gives  reasons  for  believing  that  there  was 
originally  a  companion  MS.  that  did  not  accompemy  it  to  the 
liodleian  Library.  It  was  thought  to  have  been  in  the  possession 
of  the  Vicar  of  Totnes  in  1709.   {Op.  cit,  xxviii.)     This  was  the 


DB.  BBUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  141 

Rev.  R.  Borscongh,  whose  bibliography,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Ingle 
Dredge,  is  printed  in  W.  A,  iv.  53,  4. 

180.  A  list  of  Leofric's  Library  will  be  fonnd  in  The  Anglo- 
Saxon  Episcopate  of  Cornwall^  by  E.  H.  Pedler,  in  Anglo-Saxon 
and  English,  136-140 ;  and  in  F.  S.  Merry  weather's  Bibliomania, 
148-150.  Other  works,  formerly  belonging  to  Exeter  Cathedral, 
are  recorded  by  Mr.  Macray.  (Op,  ciL  28,  442,  494.) 

181.  As  the  income  of  the  See  was  very  small,  he  was  permitted 
to  retain  his  office  of  sab-dean,  probably  until  the  appointment  of 
his  successor  on  Feb.  18th,  1602-3. 

182.  An  interesting  popular  account  of  the  fable  will  be  found 
under  the  heading  of  '*  Antichrist  and  Pope  Joan,"  in  Curiotut 
Mytlis  of  file  Middle  Ages,  by  the  Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould  (1868), 
1st  series,  161-189.  Also  in  Fables  respecting  tlie  Popes  of  the 
Middle  Ages  (transL)  by  Dr.  Dollinger  (1871),  3-67. 

183.  "  ffrauncys  Godwyn  Docter  of  Divinitie  and  sub-deane  of 
this  Churche  he  hath  writen  to  hi^  greate  payne  and  Charges  a 
catolougie  of  all  the  bishopps  in  this  land  shortly  to  be  put  in 
prynte."  (J.  Hooker  in  Harl.  MS.,  5827.)  Written  about  the  year 
1600. 

184.  Vide  Lord  Clermont's  Hist,  of  the  Family  of  Fortescwe 
(1880),  148,  9,  175-179,  the  latter  reference  being  to  the  Memoirs 
of  Lord  Chichester,  who  died  in  1625.  He  was  second  son  of 
Sir  John  Chichester,  of  Raleigh,  near  Barnstaple ;  and  Sir  Faithful 
Portescue,  the  writer  of  the  Memoir,  was  his  nephew. 

185.  This  was  the  second  on  the  subject,  and  is  stated  to  have 
been  written  by  Dr.  Sharpe.  Stucley's  first  "Appologie  writte 
with  his  owne  hand"  is  preserved  in  Ashmol.  MS.,  830,  29;  and 
was  printed  for  the  first  time  in  the  Works  of  Ralegh  (1829),  viiL 
783-785. 

186.  The  Declaration  is  attributed  wholly  to  Bacon  by  Edwards 
{JAfe  of  Ralegh,  i.  655),  whom  he  accuses  of  having  falsified  a 
date  in  it.  But  a  letter  from  Bacon  to  the  Marquis  of  Bucking- 
ham, dated  Nov.  22,  1618,  commences  thus:  "  We  have  put  the 
Declaration  touching  Ralegh  to  the  press  with  his  Majesty's 
additions,  which  were  very  material,  and  fit  to  proceed  from  his 
Majesty."  Mr.  Spedding  has  the  following  note  on  this  :  "  There 
are  no  marks  in  the  original  to  distinguish  these  additions,  but 
I  suspect  them  to  be  the  opening  and  the  concluding  paragraph." 
{Letters  and  Life  of  Lord  Bacon,  vL  378.) 

187.  Works  of  W,  Browne  (1869),  ii.  369.  Wood  (ii.  366) 
adds,  "but  whether  ever  published,  having  been  all  or  mostly 
written,  as  'twas  said,  I  know  not."  Cf.  "Adversaria"  in 
Memoir  of  W.  Oldys,  by  W.  T.  Thoms  (1862),  39.  There  is  no 
foundation  for  the  assertion  that  Browne  even  contemplated  such  a 
work. 


142  DB.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDBMTIA.L  ADDRESS. 

188.  Of  his  native  county,  Devonshire,  Carpenter  writes  in 
enthusiastic  terms;  and  of  her  Worthies,  to  whom  he  devotes 
several  pages  (260-265),  he  asks,  "Wherein  can  any  Province 
of  Great  Brittaine  challenge  precedency  before  vsl"  Writing, 
apparently,  in  reply  to  some  adverse  criticisms  on  the  rustie 
character  of  her  inhabitants,  he  states :  "  I  wiU  demonstrate  that 
our  mountainous  Provinces  of  Devon  and  Cornwall  have  not 
deserued  so  ill,  as  to  be  so  sharply  censured  for  Blockishnesse  or 
Incivility.  .  .  .  But  a  rude  dialect  being  more  indebted  to 
Custome  then  Kature  is  a  small  argument  of  a  blockish  disposi- 
tion :  and  a  homely  outside  may  shroud  more  wit  then  the  silke- 
wormes  Industrie."  (260-266.)  CoL  W.  F.  Prideaux,  in  W.  A. 
viL  59-61,  has  quoted  this  portion  of  Carpenter's  work  at  length. 

189.  The  earlier  voyages  are  fuUy  described  in  Bourne's  Englith 
Merchants  (1866),  i.  chapters  2  to  9. 

190.  Stubbs,  Comt,  History  (1880),  L  626.  A  copy  of  "the 
Bull  or  Donation  "  of  Alex.  YI.,  in  I^tin  and  English,  is  printed 
in  Prof.  Arber's  The  First  Three  English  hooks  on  America  (1885), 
201-203.  It  assigns  to  the  Spaniards  '^al  the  firme  landes  and 
Ilandes  found  or  to  be  found  .  .  .  toward  the  West  and  South, 
drawyng  a  line  from  the  pole  Artike  to  the  pole  Antartike.  .  .  . 
Conteyninge  in  this  donation,  what  so  euer  firme  landes  are  .  .  . 
founde  .  .  .  towarde  India,  or  towarde  any  other  parte  what  so 
euer  it  bee,  beinge  distant  from,  or  without  the  foresayd  lyne 
drawen  a  hundreth  leagues  towarde  the  Weste  and  South  from 
any  of  the  Ilandes  which  are  commonly  cauled  De  los  Azores  and 
Caho  Verde " ;  excepting  "  such  as  have  not  actually  bin  hereto- 
fore possessed  by  any  other  Christian  kynge  or  prynce."  Another 
copy  of  the  Bull,  with  extended  remarks,  is  given  in  Purchas  his 
Fflgrimes,  L  bk.  2,  18-25.  That  Elizabeth  denied  the  right  of 
the  Pope  to  make  such  a  donation  is  shown  by  her  reply  to  the 
Spanish  Ambassador  who  demanded  the  restoration  of  the  booty 
ti^en  by  Drake  in  1580 :  "  She  understood  not  why  hers  and 
other  Princes  Subiects,  should  be  barred  from  the  Indies,  which 
she  could  not  perswade  her  selfe  the  Spaniard  had  any  rightfull 
title  to  by  the  Bishop  of  Home's  donation,  in  whom  she  acknow- 
ledged no  prerogative,  much  lesse  authority  in  such  causes,  that  he 
should  binde  Princes  which  owe  him  no  obedience,  or  infeoffe  as  it 
were  the  Spaniard  in  that  new  world,  and  invest  him  with  the 
possession  thereof."  (Camden's  Annates  (1635),  225.) 

191.  Cf.  HaUam,  ii.  254,  5. 

192.  The  best  edition  of  Hakluyt's  work,  and  the  one  referred 
to  in  the  present  article,  is  that  edited  by  Edmund  Goldsmid,  in 
16  volumes,  1885-1890. 

193.  The  most  complete  account  of  the  family  and  their  adven- 
tures, is  in  The  Hawkins'  Voyages,  ed.  by  C.  R.  Markham  (Hakluyt 


DB.  bbushfield's  pbesidential  addbess.  143 

80c.,  1878).  The  memoirs  of  all  of  them  in  the  Did,  Nat,  Biog.^ 
axe  by  Pro£  J.  K.  Laughton.  The  vojagos  of  William  and  of  Sir 
John  H.  are  printed  in  Arber's  English  Oamer^  v. 

194.  Although  only  two  voyages  are  noted  in  the  title,  the  text 
tells  OS  he  owned  '*a  tall  and  goodly  shippe  .  .  .  the  Paule  of 
Plimmouthy  wherewith  he  made  three  long  and  famous  voyages 
vnto  the  coast  of  Brazil. '^ 

195.  Vide  "  Sir  John  Hawkins :  Sailor,  Statesman,  Hero,"  by 
K  K  Worth,  D,  A.  xv.  246-285. 

196.  "  The  guilt  of  the  slave  trade,''  afiSrms  the  historian  Green, 
*'  rests  with  John  Hawkins  "  (iL  390),  but  this  statement  requires 
some  qualifying.  The  slave  trade  had  long  been  a  monopoly  of 
the  Spanish  and  Portuguese,  and  Froude  asserts,  ^*  the  Portuguese 
stations  became  institutions  for  an  organized  kidnapping."  (viiL 
429.)  Nearly  fifty  years  before  (1517)  "Charles  V.  issued  royal 
licences  for  the  importation  of  negroes  into  the  West  Indies,  and 
in  1551  a  licence  for  importing  17,000  negroes  was  offered  for 
sale."  The  Hawkins*  Voyages.  Intro,  by  C.  R  Markham  (1878), 
iv.  At  that  period  the  trade  was  regarded  as  a  legitimate  one. 
One  result  of  Sir  John's  action  is  pointed  out  by  Mr,  Worth : 
"  While  in  carrying  negroes  to  the  West  Indies  Hawkins  infringed 
the  prerogatives  of  the  Spaniards,  in  taking  them  from  Guinea  he 
equidly  incurred  the  hatr»i  of  the  Portuguese."  (Z>.  A,  xv.  257.) 

197.  Hazlitt  (BibL  CoUect.  (1887),  106)  interprets  "Guynea" 
as  *'  Guiana,"  and  this  error  also  appear  in  the  Table  of  Contents 
of  voL  xiv.  of  Goldsmid's  edit,  of  Hakluyt's  work, 

198.  He  died  on  April  17th,  1622,  and  the  license  in  the 
Stationers'  Co.  Eegisters  for  printing  the  book,  is  dated  July  24th, 
with  the  title.  The  Discipline  of  the  Sea  histariey  In  the  obseruaccms 
&c.  (ed.  Arber,  iv.  76.)  Edited  by  Capt,  C.  R,  D.  Bethane,  aN., 
it  was  the  first  work  published  by  the  Hakluyt  Society  (1847), 
and  is  also  included  in  the  voL  for  1877  {Tlie  Hawkins*  Voyages,) 
In  a  somewhat  abbreviated  form  it  will  be  found  in  Purduis^s 
Pilgrimes,  iv.  1367-1415.     Hakluyt's  work  does  not  contain  it. 

199.  The  writer  states  in  his  prefatory  remarks,  "When  my 

ffellow-pupils  were  some  at  the  bal,  some  at  the  racket,  others  at 

the  tauerne,  or  standing  more  idle  at   the  colledge-gate,  I  was 

busied  this  way :  soe  I  wrote  it,  and  soe  (yf  you  can  induro  it) 

I  desire  you  to  read  it."     One  short  specimen — an  allusion  to  W. 

Browne — will  suffice  : 

"  Soule  tikling  Willy  leaue  thy  past'rall  sporte, 
Rest  fayre  Marine  in  Thetis  watry  court" 

200.  In  an  article  entitled  "Steven  Borough  the  Navigator" 
{D.  A.  xii.  332-360)  everything  that  is  known  about  him  is 
lecorded  by  Mr.  R  W.  Cotton,  who  remarks,  *'  odd  and  somewhat 


144  DB.  BBUSHFIELD^S  PBESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 

hyperbolical  as  it  may  seem,  it  is,  nevertheless,  presented  to  ns  as 
a  fact,  that  Russia  was«  discovered  in  the  sixteenth  century  by  a 
Devonshire  man."  {Ibid.  339,  358.)  Mr.  Cotton  has  indaded  in 
his  paper,  and  printed  for  the  first  time  from  Lansdowne  MS., 
116,  an  article  by  S.  Borough,  relating  to  the  proper  training  of 
EDglish  seamen.  (Ibid.  349-354.)  The  account  of  Willonghby's 
voyage  was  written  in  Latin  by  Clement  Adams,  and  a  translation 
of  it  Hakluyt  included  in  his  work.  (iiL  52-76.) 

201.  Several  of  his  MSS.  are  in  the  Harleian  and  Lansdowne 
Collections.  Li  the  copy  of  a  letter  sent  "to  the  Emperour  of 
Moscouie  by  C.  Hodsdon  and  W.  Burrough,"  in  1570,  there  is  a 
narration  of  a  sea-fight  with  freebooters  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland. 

202.  Reprinted  by  Hakluyt,  xii  34-63.  He  alludes  to  the 
general  opinion  of  travellers,  *'that  America  was  an  Island." 
{Ibid.  39.) 

203.  Vide  Calendar  of  State  Paiyers,  1547-1580,  Domestie^ 
cxviii.  1 2.  Although  only  one  discourse  is  mentioned  in  the  Calendar, 
there  are  two.  The  first,  dated  Nov.  6th,  1577,  has  been  signed 
''  H.  Gylbert,"  but  the  signature  is  partly  erased.  The  second  is 
undated  and  unsigned. 

204.  The  termination  of  his  "Discourse"  of  1566  runs  thus: 
"He  is  not  worthy  to  line  at  all,  that  for  feare,  or  danger  of 
death,  shunneth  his  countrey's  seruice,  and  his  owne  honour: 
seeing  death  is  inevitable,  and  the  fame  of  vertue  immortalL" 
(Hakluyt,  xii.  63.)  These  words  express  the  guiding  principle  of 
his  life. 

205.  Reprinted  by  Hakluyt  (xii.  367-374,  xiii.  5-34).  The 
original  work  contains  poetical  commendatory  lines,  said  to  have 
been  written  by  Sir  F.  Drake,  Sir  J.  Hawkins,  &c.  Vide  Collier's 
Bibliog.  Gat.  ii.  141,  2. 

206.  None  published  separately.  All  recorded  in  Hakluyt,  xiL 
224-246,  252-259.  Janes  was  nephew  of  W.  Sanderson,  tha 
chief  adventurer,  and  acted  as  supercargo  during  the  first  voyage. 
The  Voyages  and  Works  of  John  Davis  the  Navigaior^  edited  by 
Capt.  A.  H.  Markham,  was  the  Hakluyt  Society's  vol.  for  1878. 
A  separate  biography  of  Davis,  by  C.  R.  Markham,  appeared  in. 
1889. 

207.  Stated  to  have  been  revised  by  Sir  Francis  before  his 
death,  by  whom  also  the  dedicatory  epistle  (Jan.  1st,  1592-3)  was 
written.    The  work  is  reprinted  in  Arber's  Eng.  Garner^  v.  487-560. 

208.  A  short  account  by  a  Portuguese  will  be  found  in  Hakluyt 
(xv.  190-1.)  Reprinted  by  Hakluyt  (xv.  408-447),  and  edited  by 
S.  W.  Vaux,  for  the  Hakluyt  Society,  in  1854.  The  English 
Hero:  or  Sir  Francis  Drake  Revived,  first  printed  in  1687,  was 


DB.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  145 

for  very  many  years  an  exceedingly  popular  book.  It  was  a  com- 
pilation of  Sir  F,  Drake  Bevived,  The  World  Encompassed,  and 
other  volumes,  and  was  printed  on  common  paper,  and  embellished 
with  a  portrait  of  Drake.  (In  the  15th  edit.  (1756)  the  portrait  of 
Oliver  Cromwell  was  substituted.)  The  initials  "R  £.**  on  the 
title  page  were  for  E.  Burton,  a  pseudonym  used  by  a  London 
bookseller  named  Crouch,  who  published  low-priced  books,  of  whom 
Dunton  remarks,  "  He.  has  melted  down  the  best  of  our  English 
histories  into  twelvepenny  books,  which  are  filled  with  wonders, 
varieties,  and  curiosities."  (Quoted  in  C.  Knight's  Shadoios  of  the 
Old  BookseUers  (1865),  41.) 

209.  This  was  commenced  by  Walter  Bigges,  a  captain  in  the 
expedition,  and  edited  for  publication  by  T.  Cates.  Keprinted  in 
Hakluyt,  xv.  208-239. 

210.  The  Camden  Miscellany,  v.  pt.  5,  1-54,  contains  **  Sir  F. 
Drake's  memorable  service  done  against  the  Spaniards  in  1587," 
written  by  Eobert  Leng,  "one  of  his  co-adventurers  and  fellow- 
soldiers"  ;  with  a  valuable  Introduction  by  C.  Hopper,  an  Appendix 
of  Correspondence,  and  particulars  of  the  goods  taken  in  the  San 
Philip,  with  their  values.  From  the  contents  of  this  vessel  "  our 
merchants  learned  for  the  first  time  the  immense  commercial  re- 
sources of  the  East."  Its  capture  "suggested  the  first  idea  of 
establishing  the  East  India  Company."  (Intro.,  4.) 

211.  After  the  fight  of  the  Armada  the  Spaniards  said  of  him 
"he  was  a  devil,  and  no  man."  In  the  Life  of  Sixtus  Y.  he  is 
termed  Drago  =  Dragon. 

212.  Another  edition  was  published  in  the  same  year  at  Oxford 
(1596).  One  printed  at  the  Lee  Priory  Press  appeared  in  1819, 
with  all  the  spelling  modernized.  From  a  corrected  copy  originally 
belonging  to  J.  P.  Collier,  and  now  in  the  writer's  possession,  he 
evidently  intended  a  reprint  of  the  original  version. 

A  poem  descriptive  of  some  of  Drake's  voyages,  written  by 
Thomas  Greepe,  was  printed  in  1587. 

213.  Henry  Roberts,  a  citizen  of  London,  wrote  A  most  Friendly 
Farewell  [in  verse]  K>  Drake,  on  his  setting  out  in  1585  [printed 
work  undated]  ;  and  The  Trumpet  of  Fame :  or  Sir  F.  DrcSces  and 
Sir  J.  Hawkins  Farewell  (1595).  Eeprinted  at  the  Lee  Priory 
Press  in  1818.  He  was  also  the  author  of  Haigh  for  Devonshire, 
A  pleasant  Discourse  of  sioce  gallant  Marchants  of  Deuonshire. 
(1600.)    Vide  W.  A.  iv.  181-183. 

"  From  among  all  modems  Drake's  name  stands  out  as  the  one 
that  has  been  associated  with  almost  as  many  legends  as  that  of 
Arthur  or  Charlemagne  .  .  .  illustrating  the  very  remarkable  hold 
which  Drake's  fame  took  on  the  minds  of  the  lower  ranks  of  his 
countrymen."  (Prof  J.  K.  Laughton  in  Diet,  Nat.  Biog.,  sub. 
"Sir  Francis  Drake." 


146  DR.  BKUSBFIELD'S  presidential  ADDRE8& 

214.  This  is  one  of  many  occurrences  recorded  by  Hakhiyti 
utilised  by  the  Bev,  C.  Kingsley  in  his  Westward  Ho  I  "  Indeed 
the  principal  incidents  of  that  novel  are  nothing  but  extracts  from 
Hakluyt's  Collection,  in  many  passages  the  only  difierenoe  beiQg 
the  use  of  modem  phraseology/'  (Edit  note,  Hakluyt,  xv.  251.) 

Kingsley  probably  borrowed  his  title  from  Dekker  and  Webster's 
Comedy  Westward  Hoe;  or  from  Shakespeare's  Twelfth  Nighty 
"Then  westward-hoe."  (Act  iii.  sc.  1.) 

215.  Reprinted  in  HaMuyt,  xv.  181-190.  In  1613  appeared 
A  Plaine  Description  of  the  Barmudas^  now  called  Sammer 
Hands,  of  which  the  first  part  is  a  reprint^  without  acknowledg- 
ment, of  Jourdan's  work.  Porchas'  Filgrimes  (1625),  pt.  4, 
1734-1758,  contains  "A  true  repertory  of  the  wracke  and 
redemption  of  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  Knight,"  &c.,  written  by 
"  William  Strachy,  Esquire,"  one  of  the  travellers.  The  '*  Letten 
Patent  to  Sir  Thomas  Gates  .  .  .  and  others  for  two  several 
Colonies  and  Plantations,  to  be  made  in  Virginia,"  dated  April 
10,  1606,  with  a  woodcut  of  the  official  seal,  "Pro  Concilio  suo 
YirginiaB/'  will  be  found  in  The  Genesis  of  the  United  States, 
by  A.  Brown  (1890),  L  52-64. 

216.  It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  neither  W.  C.  Haditt 
nor  J.  P.  Collier,  in  their  notices  of  The  Tempest,  allude  to 
Jourdan's  work  as  the  probable  source  of  the  play.  Prol  Arber 
points  out  that  Shakespeare  "created  the  character  of  Caliban 
.  .  .  out  of  the  description  of  the  Patagonian  giants",  given  in 
A.  Pigafelta's  work  on  Magellan's  Circumnavigation  of  the  Okhe^ 
published  in  1526.  (The  first  three  Eng.  hooks  on  Am^erica,  vi) 

217.  Here  is  one  verse  from  Tennyson's  ballad : 

**  And  the  sun  went  down,  and  the  stars  came  out  far  over  the  summer  sea. 
But  never  a  moment  ceased  the  fight  of  the  one  and  the  fifty-three. 
Ship  after  ship,  the  whole  night  long,  their  high-built  galleons  came, 
Ship  after  ship,  the  whole  night  long,  with  her  battle-thunder  and  flame ; 
Ship  after  ship,  the  whole  night  long,  drew  back  with  her  dead  and  her 

shame. 
For  some  were  sunk  and  many  were  shattered,  and  so  could  fight  us  no 

more — 
God  of  battles,  was  ever  a  battle  like  this  in  the  world  before  ?  " 

Set  to  music  by  Dr.  Yilliers  Stanford,  it  was  first  performed  at  the 
Leeds  Festival  in  1886.  The  account  of  Grenville's  death  in 
the  ballad,  is  taken  from  tbe  report  of  J.  H.  van  Linschoten,  a 
Hollander,  who  on  the  day  the  action  took  place  was  in  its 
vicinity.  The  scene  of  the  fight  is  alluded  to  by  Kingsley  in 
At  Last  (1879),  5.  In  his  relation  of  Cadiz  Action,  in  1596, 
Ralegh  records,  "  Being  resolved  to  be  revenged  for  the  Revetige, 
or  to  second  her  with  mine  own  life,  I  came  to  anchor  by  the 
galleons,  of  which  the  Philip  and  Andrew  were  two  that  boarded 
the  Revenge,"  {Works  (1829),  viii.  670.)  The  former  was  blown 
up,  and  the  latter  captured. 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  147 

218.  Printed  in  Hakluyt,  xiii  175-276,  with  this  title : 

"A  particuler  discourse  concerning  the  greate  necessitie  and 
manifolde  comodyties  that  are  like  to  growe  to  this  Eealme  of 
Englande  by  the  Westeme  discoueries  lately  attempted,  written  in 
the  yere  1584,  by  Eicharde  Hackluyt  of  Oxforde,  at  the  requeste 
and  direction  of  the  righte  worshipfull  M'  Walter  Eaghly,  nowe 
Elnight,  before  the  comynge  home  of  his  twoo  barke&" 

219.  The  volume  of  the  Prince  Society  (Amer.)  for  1884,  Sir 
Walter  Ralegh  and  his  Colony  in  America,  is  a  complete  treatise 
on  the  subject.  It  is  preceded  by  a  memoir  of  Balegh  by  the  Key. 
J.  N.  Tarbox,  d.d.,  by  whom  the  work  is  edited  and  annotated. 

220.  The  following  is  its  full  title :  The  Discoverie  of  the  large, 
rich,  and  hewtifvl  Empire  of  Gviana,  with  a  relation  of  the  Chreat 
and  Golden  City  of  Manoa  {which  the  Spaniards  call  El  Dorado), 
and  the  prouinces  of  Emeria,  Arromaia,  Arrapaia  and  other 
Countries ;  with  their  riuers,  adioyning.  Performed  in  the  yeare 
1595  by  Sir  W.  Ralegh.  1596.  Reprinted  in  HaMuyt,  xiv. 
428-469,  XV.  5-48.  Also  by  the  Hakluyt  Society  in  1848,  edited 
by  Sir  R  H.  Schomburgk,  the  only  work  of  the  society  praised  by 
Proude,  in  his  *' England's  Forgotten  Worthies."  The  Epistle 
Pedicatory  records  that  he  had  ''written  a  particular  treatise  of 
the  West  Indies,"  of  which  nothing  else  is  known. 

221.  He  alludes  to  these  charges  in  his  work.  In  the  Epistle 
Dedicatory  he  remarks,  "  I  was  neither  hidden  in  comwell  or  else 
where,  as  was  supposed."  The  quality  of  the  ore  he  brought  to 
England  is  fully  described  in  the  Address  to  the  Reader,  hiEiving 
been  assayed  by  several  skilled  men,  one  being  "comptroUor  of 
the  minte."     He  was  fully  acquainted  with  Marcasite. 

222.  Mr.  Gladstone  points  out  that  Hume  was  not  fortunate 
in  some  of  his  criticisms.  He  remarks,  ''It  remains  as  a  real 
curiosity  in  literary  history  .  .  .  that  we  should  find  a  man  of 
the  calibre  of  Hume  describing  his  [Locke's]  works  (with  those  of 
some  others)  as  compositions  'the  most  despicable  both  for  style 
and  matter.'"  {The  Romanes  Lecture,  1892,  29,  30.)  The  veteran 
journalist,  G.  A.  Sala,  saw  in  a  library  at  Seville  a  copy  of  the 
voyages  of  Marco  Polo,  with  annotations  by  Columbus  of 
sentences  like  these — "lie,"  or  "a  great  lie,"  or  "a  wicked  lie"; 
''but  modem  researches  have  proved  that  Marco  Polo  was  not 
an  Italian  Baron  Munchausen."  {Salads  Journal,  Aug.  27th,  1892.) 

223.  The  race  is  thus  alluded  to  by  Shakespeare : 

"  Men  whose  heads 
Do  grow  beneath  their  shoidders.*' 

{Othello,  act  i.  sc.  3.) 

This,  and  the  following  from  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  show 

that  he  was  acquainted  with  Ralegh's  work  : 

"She  is  a  region  in  Guiana,  all  gold  and  bounty." 

(Act  i.  sc  3.) 


148  DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

224.  Ralegh  also  wrote  Comidarations  on  the  Voyage  to  Ouiana 
(1595),  preserved  in  Sloane  MS.,  1133.  It  was  printed  for  the 
lirst  time  in  the  Appendix  to  the  History  of  the  World  (1820), 
vi  110-133,  and  subsequently  in  Schomburgk's  edition  of  The 
Discovery  of  Chtiana. 

225.  "Sir  Walter  Ealegh's  Journal  of  his  Second  Voyage 
to  Guiana,"  said  to  be  written  in  his  own  hand,  is  preserved  in 
Cottonian  MSS.,  Titus,  B  viii.  foL  153,  e^  seq,^  and  was  first  printed 
by  Schomburgk.  (Op.  cit,  177-208.)  The  last  entry  is  on 
Feb.  13,  1618;  the  intelligence  of  his  son's  death  being  probably 
the  cause  of  its  discontinuance. 

226.  The  Privy  Council  not  only  objected  to  many  passages 
in  it  relating  to  recent  events,  but  directed  them  to  be  ezpnnged. 
The  portions  excised  were  published  in  a  separate  volume  in  1728, 
and  are  included  in  the  edition  of  the  whole  work  issued  in 
1807-8.  It  may  have  been  the  remembrance  of  this  that  led 
Ralegh,  in  the  preface  to  his  History  of  the  Worlds  to  assert^ 
'*  Whosoeuer  in  writing  a  moderne  History,  shall  follow  truth  too 
neare  the  heeles,  it  may  haply  strike  out  his  teeth." 

227.  On  the  last  page  of  his  great  work.  Speed  thus 
acknowledges  the  aid  he  had  received  from  Barkham:  ''The 
like  most  acceptable  helpes,  both  of  Bookes  and  CoUections 
(especially  in  matters  remoter  from  our  times),  I  continually 
receiued  &om  that  worthy  Diuine,  Master  John  Barkham,  a 
gentleman  composed  of  Learning,  Yertue,  and  Curtesie,  as  bcdng 
no  lesse  ingenuously  willing,  then  learnedly  able,  to  aduance 
and  forward  all  vertuous  endeuors." 

228.  One  of  its  principal  contents  is,  ''  The  Succession  of  the 
Dvkes  and  Earles  of  this  Kingdome  of  England :  from  the 
Conqvest  vntill  the  twelfth  year  of  the  famous  Eeigne  of  the 
mightie  Monarch  King  James  the  First." 

229.  An  engraved  portrait  of  Prince  Charles,  by  Cornelius  van 
Dalen,  forms  the  frontispiece,  but  has  been  removed  from  the 
greater  number  of  copies. 

230.  Sir  W.  Ealegh's  name  is  sometimes  assigned  in  library 
and  book  catalogues  as  the  author  of  A  New  History  of  Englcuid^ 
issued  in  two  volumes  in  1751,  and  illustrated  with  thirty-two 
copper- plate  engravings,  dated  1746  and  1747.  The  title  page 
records,  "  Collected  from  the  most  celebrated  Authors,  by  Walter 
Kaleigh,  Esq.,"  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Many  copies  contain  Sir 
Walter's  Breviary  and  History  of  William  /.,  with  the  original 
Preface,  by  way  of  Introduction. 

231.  According  to  the  Rev.  J.  Cave-Browne  {Lambeth  Pala^ee 
(1883),  75-77),  the  original  collection  consisted  of  ''seventy-two 


DB.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  149 

volumes,  of  which  only  forty-two  are  now  at  Lambeth,"  and 
**  six  ...  in  the  Bodleian."  Calendars  of  the  Lambeth  series, 
edited  by  J.  S.  Brewer  and  W.  Bullen,  form  six  volumes  of 
the  Eecord  Publications,  published  under  the  authority  of  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls.  In  the  Introduction  to  the  first  volume 
only  thirty-nine  volumes  are  reported  to  be  preserved  at 
Lambeth,  and  four  in  the  Bodleian  (Ixiii.),  and  the  latter 
number  is  corroborated  in  Macray's  Annals  of  that  Library 
(1890),  87. 

232.  Cf.  H.  Walpole's  Works  (1798),  L  347.  Two  French 
translations  by  him  appeared  in  Hlhemica^  1747.  (Diet,  Nat, 
Biog.)  Watt  {Bibl.  Brit)  attributes  to  him  a  Relation  of  the 
State  of  France^  mth  the  character  of  Henry  /F.,  &c.,  but  this 
was  written  by  Sir  George  Carew  (-1612),  son  of  Thomas  Carew, 
of  Antony,  and  younger  brother  of  Eichard  Carew,  the  author 
of  the  Survey  of  ComwalL  A  short  autobiographical  account 
of  the  principal  events  of  his  life  is  printed  in  Archceologia,  xii 
401-403,  and  in  Wood,  ii.  450-452. 

233.  The  Stationers'  Co.  Registers  record  licenses  granted  for 
A  true  and  perfect  Belation,  &c.,  on  Nov.  17,  1638,  and  two 
days  later  the  same,  toith  some  Addicions  of  a  Preface  and 
Application,  A  second  Relation^  &c.,  on  Nov.  27  ;  and  on  Dec.  4 
a  Relacion  in  verse  of  the  late  accident  at  Withycom  in  Devonshire, 
(Ed.  Arber,  444-446.)  A  view  of  the  interior  of  the  church 
during  the  storm  acts  as  a  frontispiece  to  an  anonymous  letter 
relating  to  Gloucester  Cathedral,  printed  without  place  or  date. 
(Davidson,  Bill,  Devon,  69.)  In  Things  New  and  Old  (1876), 
referring  to  the  parish,  ed.  by  E.  Dymond,  are  reprints  of  the 
prose  and  poetical  relations  of  the  effects  of  the  storm,  a  graphic 
account  of  which  will  be  found  in  K.  D.  Blackmore's  Dartmoor 
tale  of  Christoweil, 

234.  Copies,  somewhat  smaller  in  size,  of  three  of  the  large  water- 
colour  drawings,  are  preserved  in  a  MS.  in  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
Library.  The  latter  have  been  published  in  facr»imiley  with 
descriptions  by  the  Eev.  H.  E.  Reynolds.  Two  of  them  are 
topographical,  one  of  St.  Syd  well's  fee,  the  other  of  the  cathedral 
and  its  surroundings.  They  must  have  been  drawn  between  1595 
and  1597,  as  the  third  plate  contains  the  arms  of  Bishop  Babington, 
who  held  the  see  of  Exeter  during  those  years. 

235.  The  following,  transcribed  from  the  MS.  Calendar  of  the 
Municipal  Archives,  made  by  Mr.  Stuart  A  Moore  (1870),  well 
deserves  a  place  here  : 

"John  Yowell  alias  Hooker,  the  first  Chamberlain  of  Exeter, 
seems  to  have  been  the  first  person  who  appreciated  the  value 
of  the  Eecords  of  the  City.  This  learned  and  laborious  man  must 
have  examined  every  paper  and  every  scrap  of  parchment  in  the 


150         DR.  brushfield's  presidential  address. 

Miinimeiit  Room.  We  find  his  handwriting  upon  all  thai  weie 
extant  in  his  time,  and  he  seems  to  haye  carefully  arranged  them 
in  hoxes  and  labelled  them  himself.  To  him  this  labour  was 
evidently  a  labour  of  love,  for  his  History  of  Exeter  and  his  kige 
Manuscript  or  Commonplace  Book  (which  has  not  been  printed) 
abound  with  extracts  from  the  Records,  full  of  interest  and  valiia 
A  schedule  of  the  papers  compiled  by  him  in  January,  I6OO-I1 
very  shortly  before  his  death,  is  bound  up  with  this  Calendar." 

236.  In  the  Memoir  of  Hooker,  by  Dr.  Oliver,  in  his 
"Biography  of  Exonians," — a  series  of  newspaper  articles  that 
well  deserve  to  be  reprinted — is  the  report  of  a  speech  printed  for 
the  first  time,  and  entitled,  "The  Oration  or  Declaration  which 
I  John  Yowell  als  Hoker,  made  by  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Mydwynter,  Mayor,  unto  the  Commons  of  the  City  of 
Exeter,  at  the  Guildhall,  the  25th  of  January,  1559.*"  [1600.] 
Several  of  his  heraldic  MSS.  have  been  preserved:  there  is  a 
paper  by  Mr.  C.  Worthy  in  D,  A,,  xiv.  631-636,  entitled  **  John 
Yowell  alias  Hooker :  Some  Notes  on  a  Manuscript  at  the  Heralds' 
College." 

237.  Vide  "'William  of  Worcester,*  Devon's  earliest  Topo- 
grapher," by  R.  N.  Worth.  (D,  A.  xviii.  462-487.) 

238.  "  Until  a  very  recent  period  the  MS.  was  imperfect,  some 
of  the  leaves  having  been  bound  up  ...  in  Harl.  6832."  These 
have  now  been  restored  to  their  proper  places,  and  with  the 
exception  of  one  leaf  Harl.  MS.  5827,  is  complete.  {Journal  BHL 
Arch,  Assoc,  xviii.  138,  9.) 

239.  Prince  (506)  affirms  the  MS.  of  the  Synopsis  to  have  been 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Sir  John  Dodderidge  "  to  correct  and  fit  it 
for  the  press,"  and  that  he  had  seen  the  copy  in  which  he  "had 
marked  many  things  which  he  thought  fit  to  be  expung'd";  it  was, 
however,  never  printed.  "  Another  copy  of  the  work  is  ...  in 
the  possession  of  Sir  Lawrence  Palk,  having  come  to  him  from  the 
PorUedge  collection."  (Journal  Brit,  Arch,  Assoc  xviii.  139.) 

240.  A  long  tabulated  list  of  those  at  present  known,  formed 
by  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe,  will  be  found  in  D,  A,  xiv.  75-79. 
Several  volumes  of  his  Manuscripts  "  all  miscarried  in  the  time  of 
the  late  civil  wars  in  England  ...  so  that  the  very  titles  and 
arguments  of  them  are  perished  likewise."  (Prince,  639.)  One 
"long  supposed  to  have  been  destroyed  during"  that  period  is 
preserved  in  the  library  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford.  (Z>.  A.  xiv. 
76-78.) 

241.  Mr.  Davidson  states  there  are  in  various  libraries  "  sixteen 
more  or  less  perfect"  copies  in  MS.  of  Risdon's  work.  {BiU, 
Dev,  3.)  Compare  list  by  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe  in  D.  A. 
xiv.  79,  80. 


DB.  BRUSHHELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS.  151 

242.  A  contemporary  MS.  copy  in  the  possession  of  the  writer 
piasentB  some  variations  in  the  title:  "The  Decimes  or  a  Coro- 
giapliicall  description  of  the  County  of  Devon,  with  the  Citty 
&  County  of  Ibceter,  conteyning  matter  of  History',  Antiquity, 
Ctoziol(^Qr>  the  nature  of  the  C!ountry,  the  comodityes  and  gover- 
mont  thereof,  with  sundry  other  things  incident,  worthy  of 
obeeiracdn,  collected  by  the  vew  &,  travell  of  Tristram  Eisdon,  of 
Wixiflcoty  Gent :  for  the  love  of  his  Country  and  Countrymen  in  the 
said  province."    Decimes  =  Ty things.  (W.  Chappie,  Op.  cit  3.) 

2<43«   The  same  MS.  contains  the  following  variant  of  this  passage : 

"  To  give  him  [Sir  W.  Pole]  his  dew  deseruing  bee  was  a  man 
y^itry  laborious  in  antiquityes,  and  a  great  lover  of  that  reverend 
8Ux<i.je  £x)m  whose  lampp  I  have  received  light  in  theise  my 
labours." 

244.  "  Several  copies  of  this  work,  five  at  least,  exist  in  manu- 
acript."  (Davidson,  Bibl.  Dev,  i.) 


The  proverb  "as  fine  as  Kirton  [Crediton]  spinning"  is 
well  known,  but  few  are  aware  of  its  explanation  as  given  by 
W'estcote:  "Which  spinning  was  very  fine  indeed;  ...  140 
thr-eads  of  woollen  yam  spun  in  that  town  were  drawn  together 
thxt^ngh  the  eye  of  a  tailor's  needle,  which  needle  and  threads 
"'^QT^  for  many  years  together,  to  be  seen  in  Watling  Street,  in 
l^xidon,  in  the  shop  of  one  Mr.  Dunscombe,  at  the  sign  of  the 
golden  botUe."  (121.) 

246.  The  list  of  prison  authors  includes  the  illustrious  names  of 
Buxxyan,  Cervantes,  and  Boethius.  It  is  noteworthy  that  Love- 
**^^*8  well-known  lines — 

"  Stone  walls  do  not  a  prison  make. 
Nor  iron  bars  a  cage,"  &c., 

^^^4  been  to  some  extent  anticipated  by  Ealegh  in  his  Cynthia^ 

^^  **  My  body  in  the  walls  captived 

Feels  not  the  wounds  of  spiteful  envy,"  &c 

247.  The  eleventh  edition  (fo.),  edited  by  Oldys,  was  published 

'^    1736,  and  two  (8vo.)  in  1820  and  1829.     Several  abridgments 

^^    it  appeared  in  the  18th  century,  a  continuation  (fo.)  by  Alex. 

^^^^sin  1652,  and  another  (author  unknown)  in  1708.     The  first 

^^tdon  (1614)  is  destitute  of  title  page  and  of  author's  name  and 

P^^teiit,  all  of  which  are,  however,  included  in  that  of  1617  and 

^  all  subsequent  issues.     The  only  portrait  of  Ealegh  known  to 

^Ve  been  published  during  his  lifetime  is  on  the  title  page  of  the 

B'^^iory  of  World  of  1617,  firom  which  the  numerous  copies  that 

^P^eared  in  his  other  works  up  to  1736  were  taken.     In  the  latter 

y^ar  a  new  portrait,   engraved  by  G.  Yertue,  accompanied  the 

^tion  of  Oldys,  in  which  he  is  represented  at  a  much  earlier 

Period  of  his  career. 


152 


DR.   BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 


248.  Walter  Brit^  Brytte,  or  Brithos  (a  1390),  is  indcided  in 
Prince's  Worthies  (135)  on  the  authorilp^  of  a  doabtfol  passnge 
in  Bishop  Bale's  work.  Pits  (547)  does  not  regard  him  a 
Devonian,  but  if  even  he  belonged  to  this  comity,  his  latest 
biographer  (B.  L.  Poole  in  Did.  Nat.  Biog.  vL  358)  states,  <*It 
seems  probable  that  not  one  of  the  extant  works  ascribed  to  him 
is  really  his." 

249.  In  his  Boll  of  the  Roycd  Coll.  of  Physieiam  (1878X 
Dr.  Munk  enumerates  the  names  only  of  two  Devonshire  men  vp 
to  1640.  These  were  Sir  Simon  Baskerville  (1574-1641X  « 
learned  and  celebrated  man  of  his  time,  and  Bichaid  SpiflS 
(  -1640)y  neither  of  whom  produced  any  literary  work. 


DB.  brushfxeld's  pbesiosmtial  aodbess. 


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VOL.    XXV. 


154 


DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  PRESIDENTIAL  ADDRESS. 


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©bituarp  Notices* 


COMPILED  BY 
W.   HARPLEY,   M.A.,    HON.    BBG&ETARY   OF   THE  ASSOCIATION. 


Hill  was  born  at  Exeter,  where  he  spent  his  earlier 
He  married  Miss  Susan  Donsford  White,  of  Moteton- 
tad,  a  descendant  of  Martin  Dunsford,  of  Tivertoih 
i  in  1884,  leaving  no  children.  Mr.  Hill,  after  his 
Q,  settled  in  Moretonhampstead,  and  lived  there  over 
ars.  He  was  for  some  time  Chairman  of  the  School 
.t  Moreton,  and  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  the 
or  many  years.    He  was  of  a  most  kindly  disposition, 

held  in  great  esteem  by  his  fellow-townsmen  and  by 
knew  him.  He  took  great  interest  in  all  matters  per- 
to  his  native  city.    In  religious  views  a  Unitarian,  he 

many  years  Treasurer  of  the  Exeter  Assembly  of 
3rian  Divines,  an  association  which  still  continues,  in 
led  form,  the  existence  of  the  ancient  Presbyterian 
.tion  of  Devon,  established  under  the  Commonwealth, 
^came  a  member  of  the  Association  in  1872,  and  was 
ul  on  several  occasions  in  enlisting  new  members. 
,  after  a  very  short  illness  of  bronchitis,  on  the  17th 
192,  at  his  residence,  Pitt  House,  Moretonhampstead, 
ivanced  age  of  85  years. 

n. 

.BD  Parfitt  was  a  self-made  man  of  science  of 
type.  A  native  of  Norfolk,  and  originally  brought 
be  calling  of  a  gardener,  he  first  came  to  Devon  in 
acity,  settling  at  Exeter.  Here  he  early  showed  that 
original  research  in  natural  history,  especially  in 


160  OBITUARY  NOTICES. 

matters  of  entomology  and  fungology,  which  eventually  led 
to  the  occupation  of  all  his  leisure  hours  in  enthusiastic 
study.  He  was  a  most  careful  and  accurate  observer,  a 
skilled  microscopist,  and  made  many  additions  to  the 
Devonian  and  English  faunas.  As  a  gardener,  such  a  man 
was  quite  out  of  place,  and  eventually  he  obtained  a  more 
congenial  position,  with  greater  freedom  to  pursue  his 
studies,  as  Curator  of  the  Museum  at  Taunton.  He  did 
not,  however,  remain  long  thera  He  was  next  appointed 
Librarian  to  the  Devon  and  Exeter  Institution,  Exeter, 
and  held  that  office  up  to  the  day  of  his  death.  His 
long  association  with  the  Institution  made  him  familiar 
with  many  persons  and  many  things.  His  mind  became 
a  storehouse  of  information,  and  his  opinion  at  times 
was  much  sought  after  in  many  branches  of  science.  He 
compiled  several  meteorological  returns,  had  marked  anti- 
quarian tendencies,  and  as  an  entomologist  was  an  acknow- 
ledged authority.  His  collections  of  butterflies  and  of 
Devonian  insects  generally  were  very  valuable  and  com- 
pleta  Mr.  Parfitt  was  a  leading  member  of  the  old 
Exeter  Naturalists'  Club,  the  death  of  which  was  a 
great  misfortune  for  the  neighbourhood.  At  one  time  he 
conducted  a  series  of  original  investigations  and  experi- 
ments bearing  on  the  lowest  forms  of  life.  For  some 
time  before  his  decease  he  had  been  engaged  upon  the 
work  of  classifying  insects,  and  at  the  time  of  his  illness  had, 
it  is  believed,  nearly  completed  his  task.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  members  of  this  Association,  being  a  member  of  the 
Council  since  1865,  and  always  took  an  active  part  in  its 
proceedings.  He  was  a  regular  attendant  at  the  annual 
meetings,  and  his  well-known,  familiar  flgure  will  be  much 
missed  by  those  who  knew  him.  He  enriched  the  Transae- 
tiaiis  by  contributions  on  a  variety  of  topics,  his  papers  on 
the  flora  and  fauna  of  Devon  being  especially  monuments  of 
Conscientious  skill.  An  incessant  worker,  shrewd,  plain- 
spoken,  but  kindly,  he  never  thought  anything  that  came  in 
his  way  too  trivial  for  investigation,  any  well-ascertained 
fact  unworthy  of  record,  or  any  error  unneeding  correction. 

The  following  list  comprises  the  papers  read  by  Mr.  Parfitt 
to  the  Association : 

Morphology  in  Primula  Vulgaris  Plciia-carnea  (1863). 

The  Transmutation  of  Uredo  Ros®  into  Aregraa  Mucronatum 

(1864). 
Crystallization  of  Felspar  in  Granite  (1865). 
Fresh  Water  Polyzoa  (1866). 


OBITUARY  NOTICES.  161 

The  Annelids  of  Devonshire,  with  a  Kesum6  of  the  Natural 

History  of  the  County  (1867). 
A  Catalogue  of  the  Annelids  of  Devonshire,  with  Notes  and 

Observations  (1867). 
On  the  Parasitism  of  Orobanclie  Major  (1867). 
On  the  Marine  and  Fresh  Water  Sponges  of  Devonshire  (1868). 
On  Spontaneous  Generation;  or,  the  Origin  of  Life  (1869). 
On  the  Protozoa  of  Devonshire  (1869). 
A  Catalogue  of  the  Protozoa  of  Devonshire,  with  Notes  and 

Observations  (1869). 
Fossil   Sponge   Spicules  in  the   Green   Sand  of  Haldon  and 

Blackdown  (1870). 
Crustacea  Podopthalmata,  and  the  History  of  their  Shells  (1870). 
A  Catalogue  of  the  Crustacea  Podopthalmata  of  Devon  (1870). 
On  the  Boring  of  Molluscs,  Annelids,  and  Sponges  into  Kocks, 

Wood,  and  SheUs  (1871). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Crustacea  (Sub-class),  Cirripedia  (1871). 
Some  Notes  on  that  part  of  Mr.  Chanter's  paper  relating  to  the 

Insect  Fauna  of  Lundy  Island  (1872). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon-— Echinodermata  (1872). 
Annelids  versus  Rain  Drops,  or  Remarks  on  Mr.  Hall's  paper  on 

Fossil  Rain  Drops  (1873). 
Fauna  of  Devon — Sessile-eyed  Crustacea  (1873). 
Fauna  of  Devon — Conchology  (1874). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Myriopoda  (1874). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Fishes  (1875). 
On   the  Drift   Gravels  on  the  Cliffs  of   the  South  Coast  of 

Devon,  from  Langstone  Point  towards  Dawlish  (1875). 
On  the  Decay  of  Limestone  Fragments  embedded  in  the  New 

Red  Sandstone  Cliffs  on  the  Coast  of  South  Devon  (1875). 
The  Natural  History  of  Euglena  Viridis  (1875). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Birds  (1876). 
Notes  on  the  Idol  found  at  Kingsteignton  (1877). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon— Reptiles  (1877). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Mammalia  (1877). 
Archaeological  Discoveries  in  Exeter,  made  during  April  and 

May,  1878  (1878). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Lepidoptera  (1878). 
Archaeological  Discoveries  in  Exeter,  1878-9  (1879). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Neuroptera  (1879). 
Meteorological  Phenomena  (1880). 
On  the  Boring  for  Water  and  the  Sinking  of  two  Wells  at  the 

two  large  Breweries — "  The  City  "  and  **  St.  Anne's  " — in 

Exeter  (1880). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Aculeafa  (1880). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Hymenoptera  (1881). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Euplexoptera,  Orthoptera,  and  Homqptera, 

in  part  (1882). 


162  OBITUABY  NOTICES. 

The  Lichen  Fauna  of  Devonshire  (1883). 

On  PalfiBolithic  Implements  and  a  Roman  Coin  found  at  Broom, 

in  the  Valley  of  the  Axe  (1884). 
On  Earthquakes  in  Devonshire  (1884). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Hemiptera  Heteroptera  ;  or,  Plant  Bugs 

(1884). 
On  Earthquakes  in  Devonshire.     Supplement  (1885). 
The  Moss  Flora  and  Hepatics  of  Devonshire  (1885), 
Devon  Fresh  Water  Algae  (1886). 
Second  Supplement  to  Paper  on  Earthquakes  in  Devonshire, 

from  the  Earliest  Records  to  the  Present  Time  (1887). 
The  Fauna  of  Devon — Phytophagous  Hymenoptera^  Saw-Flies 

(1888). 
Marine  Algae  of  Devon  (1889). 
Devon  CoUembola  and  Thysanura  (1891). 

Mr.  Parfitt  died  at  his  residence  in  Exeter  on  January 
15th,  1893. 

lu. 

Frederic  Sanders  Pulling,  m.a.,  eldest  son  of  the  Bev. 
F.  W.  Pulling,  vicar  of  Pinhoe,  Exeter,  was  born  in  1853. 
He  received  part  of  his  early  education  at  the  Exeter 
Grammar  School,  whence  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  proceeded 
to  St.  Andrews,  Bradfield,  and  on  the  12th  December, 
1871,  was  elected  a  Scholar  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  He 
matriculated  on  the  19th  January,  1872.  In  1875  he  took 
his  B.A.  degree,  having  obtained  first-class  honours  in  the 
History  School,  and  proceeded  to  the  degree  of  M.A.  in 
1878.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  to  the  Professorship  of 
History  and  Literature  in  the  Yorkshire  College,  Leeds, 
and  subsequently  returning  to  Oxford,  became  a  successful 
private  tutor  for  the  History  School,  combining  with  this 
much  University  Extension  work,  attracting  large  audiences 
by  his  enthusiasm  as  a  lecturer  on  various  periods  of  English 
History  and  Literature. 

About  seven  years  previous  to  his  decease  he  removed 
to  18,  Addison  Boad,  Bedford  Park,  London,  W.,  and  soon 
made  his  mark  as  a  contributor  to  the  press  by  his  admirable 
combination  of  literary  skill,  extensive  knowledge,  and 
political  sagacity.  He  was  well  known  and  much  esteemed 
in  the  Lobby  of  the  House,  and  at  most  of  the  political 
clubs,  his  advice  being  more  than  once  confidentially  sought 
by  certain  of  the  party  leaders. 

Mr.  Pulling  early  manifested  his  literary  powers,  and  was 
one  of  five  undergraduates  who  originated  and  maintained 
the  Shotover  Papers,  jeux  d* esprit  of  more  than  a  mere 


OBITUARY  NOTICES.  163 

ephemeral  reputation.  He  was  much  interested  in  Qeographical 
research;  and,  as  a  Fellow  of  the  Boyal  Geographical  Society, 
he  projected  and  edited  an  interesting  series  of  volumes, 
entitled.  Foreign  Countries  and  British  Colonies.  He  also 
originated  and  edited,  with  the  assistance  of  many  eminent 
contributors,  a  dictionary  of  English  History,  a  work  of 
sterling  merit;  and  he  edited  the  Life  and  Speeches  of  the 
Marquis  of  Salisbury,  2  vols.,  1885.  Having  considerable 
acumen  as  an  Art  critic,  he  wrote  an  appreciative  memoir  of 
Sir  Joshua  Eeynolds,  whose  character  and  genius  he  much 
admired.  For  several  years,  so  untiring  was  his  industry, 
he  occupied  the  post  of  Professor  of  History  at  Queen's 
College,  London,  and  was  Senior  Examiner  in  History  in 
England  and  Wales  for  the  Oxford  Local  Examinations, 
receiving  sometimes  two  or  three  thousand  sheets  from  the 
various  centres,  all  of  wluch  he  conscientiously  perused,  and 
occasionally  humorously  annotated. 

He  joined  the  Association  in  1884,  and  more  than  once, 
when  sending  his  annual  subscription,  expressed  his  regret 
at  his  inability  to  attend  the  Annual  Meetings,  adding  that 
he  perused  the  annual  volume  of  Transactions  with  the  most 
lively  interest 

Mr.  Pulling  married,  on  the  24th  September,  1877,  Edith 
L,  daughter  of  Eichard  William  Geldard,  Eector  of  Clyst 
St.  Lawrence,  Devon,  by  whom  he  had  a  small  family. 
He  died  at  the  vicarage,  Pinhoe,  on  July  6th,  1893,  at  the 
early  age  of  40  years. 

Few  men  have  at  his  age  won  the  regard  and  affection  of  a 
wider  circle  of  friends  in  Oxford  and  London.  By  these  he 
was  admired  for  his  genial,  kindly  nature,  and  for  his  un- 
failing readiness  to  assist  a  good  political  or  social  cause  by 
tongue  and  pen.  It  must  be  added  that  he  was  a  devout 
Christian  and  a  faithful  Churchman,  heartily  espousing  the 
cause  of  religious  education,  for  which  he  earnestly  contended, 
as  a  main  safeguard  of  religion  in  these  days  of  sceptical 
and  materialistic  sentiment. 


IV. 

Edward  Vivian,  m.a.,  was  born  April  2nd,  1808,  at 
Bushey,  in  Hertfordshire.  In  1779  his  father  was  presented 
to  the  living  of  Bushey,  which  was  in  the  gift  of  Exeter 
Collie,  Oxford,  and  he  held  it  from  that  period  to  his 
death  in  1825.  Edward  was  then  seventeen  years  of  age. 
He  has  often  been  heard  to  say  to  his  friends  in  a  humorous 


164  OBITUAKY  N0T1CI8. 

way  that  he  never  went  to  school  in  his  life,  and  thilli 
never  knew  what  it  was  to  feel  the  ferule.  His  fiEitiberUfi 
man  of  high  literary  attainments;  and  he  educated  hilfti 
sons  at  home ;  and  a  finer  example  of  home  training  ialil 
influences  of  home  life  cannot  be  given  than  that  of  ll 
Edward  Vivian,  who  cherished  the  memory  of  hit 
with  profound  veneration,  and  was  never  better  pleased 
when  reading  or  quoting  the  many  articles  written  bj  U 
on  Political  Economy,  the  Poor  Laws,  and  other  sini 
subjects.  Indeed,  many  of  these  papers  have  been  rspopl 
by  Mr.  Vivian  during  the  last  few  years.  Soon  after  ti 
decease  of  his  father  he  went  to  Oxford  Univeraitj,  H 
in  due  course  obtained  the  degrees  of  B.A.  and  M.iL  1 
Vivian  was  at  Oxford  as  a  young  man  a  personal  fiiflod  < 
the  present  Prime  Minister,  Mr.  Gladstone,  a  fiienU 
which,  notwithstanding  some  alteration  of  views  of  k 
years,  continued  through  life. 

The  choice  of  Torquay  as  a  residence  was  detenninsd  I 
pure  accident.  Mr.  Vivian,  Mr.  6.  Godwin-Austen,  fl 
Mr.  John  Divett  became  members  of  the  Royal  Yacht  Ch 
and  purchased  the  cutter  Paid  Pry.  In  this  vessel,  in  181 
they  visited  the  coasts  of  Wales  and  North  and  EM 
Devon.  Their  adventures  have  been  narrated  in  veise  1 
Mr.  Vivian  in  "  Chips  from  an  Old  Log,"  published  a  fc 
years  ago  in  the  Torquay  Directory,  Mr.  Vivian  was  I 
much  pleased  with  Torc^uay — then  in  the  condition  of  emeq 
ing  from  a  fishing  village  into  a  watering-place — that  1 
determined  upon  paying  it  a  second  visit,  which  led  to  b 
selecting  it  as  his  permanent  residence.  At  first  he  leeidi 
at  Hampton  House,  St.  Marychurch,  the  residence  of  1 
brother-in-law,  Mr.  C.  K.  Sievewright.  It  was  at  a  til 
when  there  was  great  distress  among  the  agricultural  olasfl 
and  when  much  ill-feeling  was  caused  amongst  the  labour 
by  the  introduction  of  machinery.  Mr.  Vivian  and  ! 
brother-in-law,  who  were  members  of  the  Newton  Boaid 
Guardians,  endeavoured  to  meet  the  altered  circumstances 
the  times  by  transferring  many  of  the  unemployed  populat 
to  the  manufacturing  districts,  where  there  was  a  la 
demand  for  labour,  at  wages  considerably  in  excess  of  w] 
could  be  obtained  at  farm  work.  Arrangements  were  nu 
with  several  Manchester  firms,  who  were  willing  to  ti 
whole  families  from  St.  Marychurch ;  but  unfortunately  i 
labourers  refused  to  make  any  change  in  their  mode  of  I 
and  preferred,  if  matters  came  to  the  worst,  to  fall  b( 
upon  the  union  workhouse  at  Newton.     The  farmers  at  tl 


OBITUARY  NOTICES.  165 

time  were  glad  to  get  rid  of  their  surplus  hands.  Now 
the  state  of  things  has  been  exactly  reversed.  The  rural 
population  flock  into  the  towns,  and  the  farmers  are  at  a 
loas  for  labour.  The  migration  of  country  folk  into  the 
towns  is  now  greater  than  the  farmers  can  counteract  by  the 
wider  application  of  machinery. 

On  the  4th  of  October,  1832,  Mr.  Vivian's  brother,  Captain 
W.  Vivian,  and  Mr.  William  Kitson  established  the  Torc^uay 
Bank,  which  Mr.  Vivian  afterwards  joined.  A  bank  had 
been  opened  as  early  as  1811,  under  the  name  of  the 
"Torquay  Bank,"  but  it  did  not  continue  for  any  great 
length  of  time. 

Mr.  Vivian  was    elected  a  member   of  the   old   Town 
Commissioners   in  1840,  and  served  for  three  years^     He 
was  re-elected  in  1846 ;  and  in  September,  1850,  when  the 
Town   Commissioners  gave  place  to  the   Local    Board  of 
Health,  on  the  adoption  of  the  Public  Health  Act,  he  was 
elected  on  the  new  Board,  and  was  named  in  the  Act  of 
Parliament  as  the  Vice-President     With  the  other  Com- 
missioners, he  signed  an  address  of  welcome  to  the  Queen 
on  her  visit  to  Torbay  in  1862.     Her  Majesty  was  graciously 
pleased  on  that  occasion  to  accept  from  Mr.  Vivian  a  present 
of  Devonshire  cream  and  flowers.      Connected  with  this 
event  Mr.  Vivian  used  to  relate  an  amusing  story.      He 
sent  his  then  young  son  on  board  the  Queen's  yacht  with 
the  cream  from  his  own  dairy.      The  bowl  was  of  silver, 
and  very  old.     The  lad  returned  in  some  consternation,  and 
said,  '*  They  nabbed  the  cream,  basin,  and  all ! " 

Dxuing  the  O'Connell  agitation  in  Ireland  in  1843  Mr. 

Vivian  and  his  brother  visited  the  disturbed  districts,  with 

the  view  of  ascertaining  personally  the  condition  of  the 

countryi    He  had  an  interview  with  Daniel  O'Connell,  who 

oflTered  him  a  seat  in  his  car,  that  he  might  accompany  him 

to  the  great  meeting  on  the  Hill  of  Tara,  when  the  Irish 

Agitator  pledged  himself  to  that  defiance  of  the  Government 

which  ended  in  his  prosecution.     Mr.  Vivian  declined  the 

honour.     Shooting  from  behind  hedges  is  no  new  thing  in 

Iceland.    It  was  as  common  in  O'ConneU's  time  as  it  was  a 

few  years  ago.      Mr.  Vivian  was  fired  at  by  some  unseen 

Miscreant,  who  mistook  him  for  a  Government  emissary. 

.    Iix  1842  Mr.  Vivian  commenced  the  erection  of  his  charm- 

^  residence,  Woodfield,  in  a  well-sheltered  piece  of  ground 

^  about  six  acres  in  extent.     In  the  grounds  he  possessed  at 

^^e  time  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  sub-tropical  plants 

^  be  found  in  the  neighbourhood. 


166  OBITUARY  NOTICES. 

Mr.  Vivian  was  a  strong  advocate  of  Teetotalism.    Wh^ 
be  went  to  Torquay  he  was  sufiering  from  illness.    On  otx^ 
occasion  he  was  told  by  his  medicad  adviser,  the  late  X3t 
Lucas,  who  practised  in  the  town,  that  unless  be  compLi>^ 
with  his  instructions,  and  took  white  brandy,  bis  case  wa^  & 
forlorn   one.      But  going  to  London,  Mr.  Vivian  saw  t^J^ 
surgeon  who  founded  the  United  Kingdom  Temperance  &.Xid 
Greneral  Provident  Association,  and  afterwards  the  Tempeiai:^-  ^ 
Hospital,  who  told  him  that  his  belief  was  that  the  wIlS-^ 
brandy  was  doing  all  the  harm.    Acting  upon  this  advi^:^ 
Mr.  Vivian  gave  up  the  alcohol,  and  rapidly  became  bett-^^f* 
With  the  aid  of  Dr.  Lucas  and  a  clergyman,  he  founded  tX^d 
Torquay  Temperance  Society  in  1843.      Although  a  toC>^ 
abstainer,  he  was  not  bigoted  or  intolerant.     He  ^oquen^^^J 
advocated  total  abstinence  on  the  platform,  and  showed  \mS^ 
consistence  therewith  by  his  mode  of  life. 

The  Torbay  Horticultural  Society,  now  known  as  tb^ 
Torquay  Horticultural  Society,  was  formed  and  largely 
promoted  by  Mr.  Vivian.  It  was  formed  in  1843,  and  iti^ 
first  public  exhibition  was  held  in  May,  1846.  He  was  alsO 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Torquay  Natural  History  Socie^^ 
and  held  the  office  of  Treasurer  of  the  Society  from  iUi 
foundation. 

Mr.  Vivian  became  connected  with  the  Torquay  Directory 
in  1846,  and  up  to  a  few  years  ago  the  Directory  was  edited, 
by  him.  In  1841  Mr.  Vivian  was  appointed  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  since  the  death  of  Mr.  Marsh  Phillips  in  1880  he 
was  the  senior  Justice  for  the  Petty  Sessional  Division  of 
Paignton.  With  two  exceptions  he  was  the  oldest  magistrate 
in  Devon. 

The  name  of  Mr.  Vivian,  together  with  that  of  Mr. 
Pengelly,  will  ever  be  associated  with  Kent's  Cavern,  and 
the  remarkable  facts  there  brought  to  light  with  regard  to 
the  existence  of  the  human  race  in  pre-historic  times.  The 
Bev.  John  McEnery  had  visited  the  Cavern  on  several 
occasions,  and  brought  to  light  fragments  of  bones  of  extinct 
animals,  pieces  of  pottery,  arrow  heads,  &c.  -  Accordingly 
the  Torquay  Natural  History  Society  appointed  a  committer 
of  which  Mr.  Vivian  was  a  member,  to  make  an  examination 
of  the  Cavern.  Mr.  Vivian  read  his  report  to  the  Greological 
Society  in  London  in  1847,  and  confirmed  all  that  had  been 
advanced  by  previous  examinations.  In  1864  the  British 
Association  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Sir  Charles 
Lyell,  Professor  Phillips,  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Mr.  John 
Evans,  Mr.  Pengelly,  and  Mr.  Vivian,  to  undertake  a  careful, 


OBITUARY  NOTICES.  167 

scientific^  and  exhaustive  exploration.  The  work  was  carried 
on  for  many  years  by  means  of  grants  from  the  British 
Association.  The  reports,  presented  by  Mr.  Pengelly,  were, 
perhaps,  more  startling  than  the  original  report  of  Mr.  Vivian, 
and  the  discoveries  made  in  the  Cavern  added  many  pages 
to  our  knowledge  of  man  in  pre-historic  times. 

In  1847-8  the  Chartists  were  creating  disturbance.  The 
agitation  reached  Torquay.  Mr.  Vivian  endeavoured  to 
allay  the  excited  feelings  of  the  people,  and  offered  an  allot- 
ment of  a  quarter  of  an  acre  to  anyone  who  wished  it.  In 
addition  to  the  private  grounds  at  Woodfield,  Mr.  Vivian 
rented,  for  agricultural  purposes,  the  northern  slope  of  the 
lincombes,  now  covered  with  villas,  terraces,  and  roads.  He 
agreed  to  set  apart  eight  acres  of  this  land  in  quarter  acre 
lots,  on  the  understanding  that  the  occupiers  should  pay  rent 
at  an  agricultural  value,  and  that  each  tenant  should  year  by 
year  render  an  account  of  his  crops,  the  value  of  the  time 
expended,  the  cost  of  seeds  and  manures,  and  also  what  had 
been  realized  by  the  sale  of  the  produce.  In  a  paper  pub- 
lished in  1852  Mr.  Vivian  said :  "  I  let  the  lower  field,  in 
1848,  to  sixteen  members  of  the  Chartist  Association, 
nominally  in  quarter  acre  lots,  but  with  the  understanding 
that  they  might  arrange  amongst  themselves  for  one  or  two 
of  the  number  to  cultivate  the  whole.  They  nearly  all 
abandoned  it  within  a  short  time,  having  assured  me  that 
they  scarcely  made  their  rent;  the  two  who  still  retained 
their  allotments  having  made  no  returns.  They  were  princi- 
pally operatives  employed  in  sedentary  trades,  and  unable  to 
bear  exposure  to  rough  weather  or  hard  work.  Such  a 
garden  allotment  was  peculiarly  beneficial  for  affording 
healthful  recreation  and  a  supply  of  vegetables  for  their 
families,  but  it  was  clear  that,  as  a  sole  resource,  agricultural 
labour  could  never  afford  the  same  high  wages  which  would 
be  obtained  in  trade  and  manufactures." 

No  inconsiderable  aid  was  given  by  Mr.  Vivian  to  the 
Volunteer  movement,  which  was  commenced  in  Torquay 
and  Exeter  in  1853 — about  six  years  before  it  became 
general  throughout  the  kingdom.  Mr.  Vivian  himself  raised 
two  companies  of  Artillery  Volunteers,  the  command  of 
which  was  placed  in  his  hands,  and  later  the  rank  of  Major 
was  confened  upon  him.  In  1861  his  battery  presented  to 
him  a  sword. 

As  an  amateur  artist  Mr.  Vivian  excelled.  The  sketches 
of  Torquay  and  the  North  Devon  coast,  which  he  took  more 
than  forty  years  ago,  and  which  were  lithographed  and  pub- 


168  OBITUARY   NOTICES. 

lished  by  Ackerman,  of  London,  are  very  interesting,  as 
showing  Torquay  in  its  early  days.  His  residence  contained 
a  large  number  of  portfolios  and  albums  filled  with  charming 
pictures  in  pencil,  in  pen  and  ink,  in  chalk,  and  in  water- 
colours.  Few  art  exhibitions  have  been  held  at  Torquay 
during  the  last  thirty  years  without  a  contribution  from 
Mr.  Vivian,  whose  productions  were  welcomed  and  admired. 
But  it  is  very  remarkable  that,  although  so  admirable  an 
artist,  he  was  colour  blind.  Beds  and  greens  were  alike  to 
him,  and  this  is  why  most  of  his  water-colours  are  in  neutral 
tint.  He  heartily  encouraged  the  proposal  to  establish  a 
School  of  Art  in  Torquay,  and  when  this  became  an  accom- 
plished fact  in  1864  he  was  made  President,  and  held  the 
office  till  his  death.  He  also  instituted,  in  connection  there- 
with, an  Art  Club.  In  1878  the  inhabitants  of  Torquay,  in 
recognition  of  his  many  public  services,  raised  a  testimonial 
fund  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  the  premises,  which  was 
invested  in  the  names  of  trustees,  on  the  understanding  that 
it  was  to  be  known  as  the  "  Vivian  Institute."  Mr.  Vivian 
was  also  an  expert  photographer,  and  there  are  extant  in  his 
collection  many  pleasing  examples  of  his  skill.  He  was  to 
his  death  President  of  the  Torquay  Photographic  Association^ 
and  presided  at  the  opening  of  its  first  exhibition  on  Febmaiy 
14th,  1893. 

Mr.  Vivian  was  a  man  of  large  knowledge  and  versatile 
talents.  He  possessed  an  acquaintance,  more  or  less  deep,. 
with  many  branches  of  science,  and  his  conversations  on 
these  matters  were  full  of  ripe  experience.  Many  years  ago 
he  delivered  lectures  on  Science  at  the  Torquay  Mechanics' 
Institute,  and  also  to  the  members  of  the  Torquay  Natural 
History  Society.  He  was  ready  in  speech,  and  possessed  the 
happy  faculty  of  presenting  his  subject  clearly  to  his  audience. 
He  had  considerable  botanical  and  horticultural  .knowledge, 
was  a  first-rate  rifle  shot,  an  accomplished  yachtsman,  and 
also  rode  well  and  straight  in  the  hunting  field.  He  once 
made  a  balloon  ascent  for  scientific  purposes. 

Mr.  Vivian  wrote  several  papers  on  the  climate  of  Torquay, 
meteorology,  and  other  subjects.  He  was  a  member  of  this 
Association  from  the  commencement,  filled  the  office  of 
President  for  the  year  1864-5,  and  in  the  following  year,  in 
succession  to  Mr.  W.  Vicary,  he  was  made  General  Treasurer 
of  the  Association,  which  office  he  held  up  to  death.  He 
contributed  many  papers  to  the  Transactions  of  the  Associa- 
tion, including  "  The  Pile  Dwellings  in  the  Lakes  of  Switiser- 
land"  and  "The  Climate  of  Torquay  and  South  Devon" 


OBITUARY  NOTICES.  169 

(1864) ;  "  On  the  Poor  Laws,  with  the  result  of  Union  Bating 
in  l3evon  "  (1866) ;  "  Prison  Discipline,"  and  "  On  St.  John'ff 
CkriTch  Struck  by  Lightning"  (1867);  "The  Evidences  of 
Glaoial  Action  in  South  Devon,"  and  "  On  Vagrancy  "  (1868)  ; 
"  C>ii  Science  and  Art  as  a  Branch  of  National  Education " 
(1869);  "On  Astigmatism  and  Colour  Blindness,"  and 
"  V^xtal  Statistics  from  the  Experience  of  the  United  Eing-^ 
docn.  Temperance  and  General  Provident  Institute "  (1872); 
"C>n.  Self-registering  Meteorological  Instruments"  (1874). 

In  politics  Mr.  Vivian  was  a  Liberal  of  the  Palmerston 
and  Bussell  schooL  During  the  general  election  in  1865  he 
coi^sented  to  become  a  candidate,  in  the  Liberal  interest,  for 
the  representation  of  St.  Ives,  in  Cornwall,  but  was  defeated 
in  tJie  contest 

f^or  some  months  before  his  decease  it  was  seen  that  Mr. 
Vi'vian's  strength  was  failing.  His  eyesight  became  dim,  and 
he  *«vas  troubled  with  neuralgia.  He  bore  these  trials,  how- 
ever", with  equanimity,  and  when  he  met  his  friends  his 
ii^^Xiner  did  not  indicate  a  murmuring  spirit  He  was  ever 
fcd^y  to  converse  on  subjects  in  which  he  had  taken  an 
ui^rest  through  his  long  life,  and  down  to  its  close  he  bore  as 
fall  a  share  as  he  was  able  in  all  that  promoted  the  welfare 
of  Torquay.  Though  a  Churchman,  he  was  a  warm  supporter 
of  lilie  British  Schools,  of  which  he  was  long  a  manager.  His 
^^'^>«id-mindedness  was  further  evident  when  he  took  the  side 
of  the  Salvation  Army  in  their  prosecutions  by  the  Local 
B<>*ttd  in  1887  for  persisting  in  Sunday  musical  processions. 

^le  died  at  his  residence,  at  Wood  field,  on  the  evening 
of  Xhursday,  March  30th,  1893,  in  his  85th  year. 


V. 

"W'lLLiAM  Adderly  Barton  Wren  was  born  at  Exeter  on 
^^  Ist  June,  1821.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Major  Wren,  h.ej.c.8.,  of  Lenwood,  by  Delitia  Montague, 
dWghter  of  Admiral  Barton,  R.N.,  of  Borough,  who  was  a 
direc5t  descendant  of  the  Leighs  of  that  place,  made  famous 
^y  ^ngsley  in  his  well-known  Westward  Ho  ! 

iffr.  Wren  was  educated  by  private  tutors,  and  afterwards 

^   St  John's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  took  his  B.A. 

degree  in  January,  1843.     He  followed  no  profession,  but  at 

oncQ  interested  himself  in  agriculture,  farming  his  own  estate 

^  the  parish  of  Bradworthy  until  the  death  of  his  father  in 

18*74,  after  which  event  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Lenwood, 

i^^T  Bideford,  and  farmed  that  estate  until  his  death. 

VOL.  XXV.  M 


170  OBITUARY  NOTICES. 

Mr.  Wren  was  a  very  able  man,  and  as  a  Justice  of  t 
Peace  for  the  County,  was  one  of  the  most  regular  a 
attentive  magistrates  on  the  Bench.  He  greatly  distinguisl) 
himself  in  organizing  the  North  Devon  Yeomanry  Caval 
at  one  time  holding  a  commission  as  Major  in  that  regime 
On  the  formation  of  the  County  Council  he  was  return 
unopposed  to  that  body  for  the  Northern  District,  but  retii 
after  completing  his  first  term  of  office.  For  many  years 
sat  as  Chairman  of  the  Bideford  Board  of  Guardians,  a 
was  Chairman  of  the  Northam  Local  Board  from  its  forn 
tion  until  two  or  three  years  before  his  decease. 

His  public  appointments  by  no  means  represented  t 
extent  of  his  labours  for  the  good  of  the  community 
which  he  moved*  In  commercial  and  agricultural  matt 
he  was  a  far-seeing  and  enterprising  man.  To  him  was  d 
the  development  of  the  Buckleigh  property  round  Westwt 
Ho!  and  the  Marland  Light  Line  BAilway,  and  the  Cli 
Brick,  and  Tile  Works  there,  were  mainly  the  result  of  ] 
capital  and  enterprisCi 

In  his  younger  days  Mr.  Wren  was  an  athlete,  rowing 
his  college  eight  at  Cambridge;    he  was  also  a  very  ke 
sportsman.     He  was  of  a  very  generous  disposition,  and  ^ 
most  happy  when  engaged  in  affording  substantial  relief 
the  poor  and  needy. 

He  joined  the  Association  in  1870,  and  in  the  followi 
year  was  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  for  the  meeting 
Bideford.      He  died  at  his  residence  at  Lenwood  on  t 
26th  January^  1893^  at  the  age  of  71< 


SE'VENTEENTH  REPOET  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON 

SCIENTIFIC  MEMORANDA. 

Se  V  J5NTKENTH  REPORT  ofthe  Committet  on  Scientific  Memoranda, 
consisting  of  Mr,  Francis  Brent,  Rev,  W,  Harpley,  Mr, 
S,  0.  Hutdvvneon,  Mr.  B.  N,  Worth,  and  Mr,  J.  Brooking 
JSawe  (Secretary),  for  the  purpose  of  noting  the  discovery 
0iT  occurrence  of  such  facets,  in  any  department  of  scientific 
enquiry,  and  connected  with  Devonshire,  as  it  may  he 
^iesiraile  to  place  upon  permanent  record,  but  which  may 
-vwt  be  of  sufficient  importance  in  themselves  to  form  the 
subjects  of  separaie  papers, ' 

Edited  by  J.  Brooking  Kowe,  f.s.a.,  f.l.8.,  Hod.  Secretary. 

(Read  at  Torquay,  July   1898.) 


L  ANTHROPOLOGICAL. 
KITOHSN-MIDDBN  IN   CLOVBLLY   BAY — BATTEN* 

"I^TiRiNG  the  winter  of  1891-92  a  portion  of  the  low  cliflf  at 
C^'^A^elly  Bay,  near  Mount  Batten,  Pljnnouth,  was  washed 
*^^y,  when  a  second  kitchen-midden  was  exposed  to  view. 
Ta^  contents  of  the  first  have  been  entirely  removed,  and  a 
P^"**tion  of  the  empty  pit  is  now  alone  visible. 

**  The  second  pit  is  situated  about  twenty  yards  nearer  to 
^^  Batten  than  the  first,  and  a  good  section  of  it  is  now  to 
^  Been.  The  part  exposed  is  about  five  feet  long,  and  varies 
^^  about  six  or  eight  inches  to  fifteen  inches  in  depth, 
^^4  is  capped  by  a  deposit  of  recent  mould  which  has  been 
^^led  down  from  the  sloping  land  above. 

**  The  contents  of  this  second  midden  resemble  those  of  the 
^^t  in  most  respects,  and  consist  almost  entirely  of  limpet 
^d  periwinkle  shells,  all  much  decayed.  I  have  not  noticed 
^ther  oyster  or  mussel  shells,  some  of  which  were  taken  out 
^^  the  first  pit. 

M  2 


172      SEVENTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

"  The  only  object  of  interest  that  I  have  found  is  a  shard 
of  early  sunburnt  pottery,  probably  a  portion  of  an  urn. 
This  was  buried  amongst  the  sheUs  at  some  depth.  In 
extracting  it,  it  was  unfortunately  broken,  and  probably 
another  portion  is  still  amongst  the  refuse.  I  found  portions 
of  many  bones  and  two  pieces  of  flint.  These  latter  do  not 
indicate  in  any  way  that  they  have  been  utQised  by  man, 
but  they  probably  were  washed  down  from  the  soil  above. 

"Further  excavations  may  afford  some  objects  of  higher 

interest.    (F.  B.) " 

# 

DARTMOOR  MENHIRS. 

"  On  Langstone  Moor,  near  White  Tor,  in  Peter  Tavy,  is  a 
stone  row  330  feet  long,  running  N.  by  N.E.  and  S.  by  S.W. 
It  consists  of  about  35  stones  in  single  line,  mostly  small. 
It  leads  oflF  from  a  menhir  that  had  fallen,  but  which  had 
given  its  name  to  the  moor  and  formed  one  of  the  way-signs 
for  the  lychway  after  passing  White  Tor,  before  Whitabarrow 
was  reached.  The  lychway,  in  fact,  has  passed  athwart  the 
stone  row,  close  beside  the  men.hir,  which  is  eleven  feet  eight 
inches  long.  By  the  kindness  of  his  Grace  the  Duke  of 
Bedford  this  stone  has  been  raised  and  re-planted.  The  old 
hole  was  discovered  in  the  original  soil  below  the  peat  and 
turf,  but  this  was  deepened  somewhat,  and  the  menhir  sunk 
two  feet  three  inches  below  the  surface  and  well  packed  with 
stones. 

"By  permission  of  Sir  Massey  Lopes,  Bart.,  I  have  also  been 
able  to  re-erect  three  fine  stones,  connected  with  the  three 
interesting  stone  rows  of  Drizdecombe,  in  the  Plym  valley. 
One  of  these  is  a  splendid  stone,  measuring  eighteen  feet 
in  height  and  from  two  feet  seven  inches  to  three  feet 
eight  inches  in  width.  It  stands  at  one  end  of  a  stone  row, 
and  a  cairn  surrounded  by  a  double  circle  of  stones  at  the 
other.  The  original  hole  in  which  the  monolith  stood  was 
found.  Anciently  only  about  two  feet  six  inches  had  been 
buried.  This  was  insuflBcient,  and  we  sank  the  original  pit, 
and  have  buried  four  feet  six  inches,  so  that  it  now  stands 
thirteen  feet  six  inches  above  the  soil.  The  stones  at  the 
ends  of  the  other  rows  measure  respectively  twelve  feet  three 
inches  and  six  feet  six  inches.  They  have  also  been  re-erected, 
sinking  each  about  two  feet  three  inches  in  the  ground. 

"The  re-erection  of  these  fine  stones  was  performed  by 
Messrs.  Turpin,  of  Plymouth,  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould,  Mr.  R.  Burnard,  and  Mr.  R  Hansford 
Worth.   (S.  Baring-Gould)." 


ON   SCIENTIFIC   MEMORANDA.  173 

CHERT  ADZE,    CELT,    LANCB   HEAD,   AND   FLINTS. 

"In  May  last  I  picked  up  on  the  footpath  immediately 
outside  the  London  and  South  Western  Station  at  Devonport, 
which  had  been  metalled  with  material  from  the  well-known 
locality  of  Broom,  near  Axminster,  an  excellent  example  of 
a  small  chert  adze  or  scraper,  which  had  to  all  appearance 
lain  there  unnoticed  for  weeks,  if  not  months.     (E.  N.  W.) " 

"I  have  been  told  of  the  recent  occurrence  of  a  small 
celt  of  black  stone,  resembling  basalt,  in  a  garden  on  the 
outskirts  of  Plymouth.  There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  of  the 
find,  but  I  have  been  unable  to  see  the  implement.  (K.  N.  W.)" 

"A  singularly  perfect  example  of  a  bronze  lance  head  is 
now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  H.  P.  Hoarder,  of  Westwell 
Street,  Plymouth,  which  was  found  buried  two  feet  deep  in 
the  peat  on  the  high  land  between  the  valleys  of  the  Plym 
and  Tealm,  near  Broadhall  Head.  It  is  very  slender  and 
sharp  pointed,  and  with  the  flattened  tang  is  four  inches  in 
length,  the  greatest  breadth  approaching  three-quarters  of  an 
inch.  The  greater  portion  is  coated  with  a  hard,  smooth 
substance,  probably  incrustation,  the  exact  nature  of  which 
can  hardly  be  settled  without  analysis.  Bronze  finds  on 
Dartmoor  have  been  rare,  whQe  flint  are  becoming  plentiful. 
An  exquisitely-shaped  flint  arrow-head,  the  most  beautiful 
ever  found  in  the  West,  was  picked  up  a  few  months  since 
by  Miss  Olive  Burnard  near  Post  Bridge;  and  Mr.  R 
Hansford  Worth  has  found  several  well-made  implements  in 
the  immediate  locality  of  this  lance  head.    (E.  N.  W.) " 

II.   GEOLOGICAL. 

"  A  very  deep  water  boring  has  been  put  down  by  Messrs. 
Isler,  of  Ix)ndon,  for  Mr.  Godfrey,  at  the  Octagon  Brewery, 
Plymouth.  The  spot  is  only  some  100  yards  or  so  removed 
from  the  well  of  the  Victoria  Spa  in  Bath  Street,  which 
yielded  a  plentiful  supply.  In  this  case  the  success  sought 
was  not  attained.  There  is  plenty  of  water  to  be  tapped 
along  the  line  of  junction  between  the  limestone  and  the 
slate;  but  at  this  point  the  limestone  appears  to  extend 
somewhat  further  to  the  north  than  usual ;  and  practically 
the  whole  of  the  boring  was  through  limestone,  and  of  an 
exceptionally  solid  character.  The  first  part  of  the  well  was 
sunk  by  the  percussion  borer,  the  last  by  the  diamond  drilL 
The  total  depth  reached  was  469  feet  7  inches  (to  which 


174  SEVINTESNTH  REPORT  OF  THS  COMMITTEE 

theiefore  the  Plymouth  limestone  has  been  proved),  grey  and 
red  limestone  alternating,  and  the  bore  finishing  in  variegated. 
A  supply  of  6000  gallons  per  hour  was  obtained  at  183  feet, 
but  it  was  slightly  brackish  and  contaminated  by  gas  lime, 
the  old  Plymouth  Gas  Works  having  been  in  the  vicinity. 
At  the  Victoria  Brewery,  Stonehouse,  a  water-bearing  fissure 
in  the  limestone  was  tapped  at  a  much  less  depth,  and  a 
large  and  excellent  supply  obtained.     (B.  N.  W.)  " 

'*  LANDSLIP  AT  8IDM0UTH. 

_  ^  ft 

"  Considerable  excitement  was  caused  at  Sidmouth  about  seven 
o'clock  on  Thursday  evening  [June  8th,  1893]  by  a  large  quantity 
of  the  cliff  at  High  Peak  giving  way.  The  spot  in  question  is 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Sidmouth  Esplanade  and  half  a  mile 
from  Ladrum  Bay,  at  which  place  the  Sidmouth  branch  of  the 
Church  of  England  Temperance  Society  were  holding  an  open-air 
meeting  over  the  natural  arch,  so  well  known  in  the  neighbourhood. 
There  were  about  100  persons  at  the  meeting.  There  was  a  terrific 
rumbling,  resembling  an  express  train  at  full  speed,  followed  by  a 
loud  crash,  which  greatly  startled  all  present.  The  noise  of  the 
falling  continued  for  some  ten  minutes,  and  the  sea  for  quite  two 
miles  out  was  covered  with  thick  red  sandstone.  Owing  to  Peak- 
hill  intervening,  the  noise  of  the  fall  was  not  very  distinctly  heard 
at  Sidmouth,  but  the  red  mist  on  the  sea  attracted  the  attention  of 
many,  and  much  anxiety  prevailed  as  to  the  safety  of  the  people 
who  had  gone  to  Ladrum." — Wedem  Morning  News^  June  10, 1893. 

"  This  landslip,  if  it  can  be  so  called,  occurred  .in  Picket 
Rock  Cove,  that  is,  the  first  sweep  of  the  beach  beyond 
Picket  Rock  and  the  projecting  foot  of  High  Peak  Hill.  The 
distance  of  the  spot  from  Sidmouth  is  one  mile  and  a  half, 
the  mile  being  on  the  fiat  sand  at  low  water,  and  the  half 
mile  over  slippery  rocks  covered  with  sea-weed.  It  was  also 
observed  by  Mr.  Parsons,  of  Sidmouth.  The  sea  being  very 
calm,  he  took  his  boys,  accompanied  by  a  sailor  or  two,  in  a 
row-boat  along  the  coast  to  the  west.  They  had  attained  to 
about  a  mile  and  a  half,  and  were  off  the  point  of  High  Peak 
Hill,  but  near  the  shore.  Suddenly  they  were  startled  at  hearing 
a  loud  roaring  noise,  and  on  looking  round  they  saw  large 
masses  of  earth,  marl,  and  the  usual  soft  red  sand-l^ck  falling 
from  the  perpendicular  face  of  the  cliff.  It  was  out  from  the 
top  of  the  cliff,  so  that  none  of  the  field  above  came  down. 
The  cliflf  at  this  place  may  be  from  150  to  200  feet  high. 
The  quantity  is  described  as  a  great  heap.  What  interests 
me  most  is  this,  that  it  is  at  or  near  the  same  place  where 
there  was  a  similar  fall-down  in  1875,  when  there  was  a  talus 


ON  SCIENTIFIC  MEMORANDA.  175 

as  big  as  a  house.  I  passed  it  and  examined  it  in  my  walks 
at  low-water  once  or  twice,  but  detected  nothing.  After- 
wards, however,  when  the  rising  waves  had  washed  away 
some  of  the  softer  portions,  Mr.  H.  Lavis,  a  visitor  here, 
walking  that  way,  detected  and  extracted  what  turned  out  to 
be  som6  of  the  head  plates  of  an  unknown  batrachian.  He 
brought  them  to  me,  and  I  made  a  sketch  of  them.  Mr. 
Lavis  took  them  to  London  ;  they  were  recognized  as  the 
bones  of  an  unknown  species  of  Labyrinthodon,  and  the 
specimen  was  named  the  Labyrinthodon  Lavisi,  It  is 
described  in  Qiiar.  Joum,  OeoL  Soc,  vol.  xxxiL  pi.  xix.  (P.  O. 

HUTCHIMSON.)" 

III.   SEISMOLOGY. 
EARTHQUAKE   IN   DEVON. 

Li  August  last  the  shock  of  an  earthquake  was  felt  through- 
out the  Western  Counties.  In  some  places  it  passed  without 
notice,  in  others  it  caused  much  alarni ;  but  in  a  greater  or 
less  degree  it  prevailed  over  every  part  of  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall. The  Western  Morning  News  collected  from  its  corres- 
pondents accounts  of  this  shock,  which  we  reproduce. 

"14  early  all  the  accounts  received  agree  that  the  shock  was  felt 
between  half-past  twelve  and  one  o'  clock  on  the  morning  of  August 
18th,  but  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  river  Yealm  there  would 
appear  to  have  been  a  considerable  disturbance  some  hours  prior 
to  that.  Some  ladies  and  gentlemen  who  returned  to  PJymouth 
yesterday  from  the  Yealm  had  a  very  singular  experience.  Com- 
mencing about  eight  o'clock  in  the  evening  and  lasting  until  almost 
daybreak  yesterday  morning,  a  series  of  tidal  waves  flowed  up  the 
river.  The  fishermen  were  up  all  night  securing  their  boats, 
several  of  which  had  been  washed  away  from  their  moorings,  ana 
were  much  damaged  through  colliding  with  each  other.  A  lady 
and  her  child,  who  were  sleeping  on  board  their  yacht,  the  Mimiy 
which  was  moored  in  the  river,  were  greatly  alarmed,  as  the  yacht 
was  constantly  spun  round  *  like  a  teetotum.'  Fortunately,  however, 
no  damage  was  done.  The  Shamrock,  another  yacht,  dragged  her 
anchor,  swung  round  in  the  same  alarming  manner,  and  narrowly 
escaped  collision  with  the  Mimi ;  while  a  third  yacht — the  Vixen, 
of  London — which  was  hauled  upon  the  beach,  had  her  bulwarks 
seriously  damaged. 

"  Two  or  three  shocks  were  distinctly  felt  at  Newton  Abbot.  A 
gentleman  living  in  a  house  at  the  top  of  Wolborough-hill  states 
there  was  a  distinct  vibration  in  the  floor  of  the  bedroom,  which 
lasted  several  seconds.  In  a  house  half  a  mile  away  three  occupants 
were  awakened  by  the  same  shock.  Two  shocks  followed  the  first, 
and  were  sufficient  to  cause  the  brass  curtain  rings  on  a  bedstead 


176  SEVZMTEENTH  BEPORT  OF  THE  COUMITTEE 

to  strike  eacli  other.  A  family  in  the  town  wereorouaed  from  their 
sleep,  and  they  state  that  the  fioora  of  the  rooms  appeared  to  rise 
and  fall.  OUtei  TeeideutB  coufiim  the  fact  of  the  shocks  being 
very  distinctly  felt  Shortly  after  midnight  a  distinct  earthquake 
■hock  was  felt  at  Ashborton.  Crookerywaie  and  picttuea  wen 
shaken  on  the  walls,  and  many  people  were  awakened  from  their 
sleep  by  the  vibration 

"The  shock  was  felt  at  Torrington  and  at  Appledore  dnring 
Wednesday  night  At  Appledore  the  vibration  caused  a  fissnn  in 
the  ceiling  of  one  of  the  houses.  A  slight  shock  was  also  felt  at 
Barnstaple  and  at  Instow;  but  at  Bideford,  the  adjoining  town, 
nothing  appears  to  have  been  heard  of  it 

"At  12.20  Mr.  Reginald  Kelly,  of  Eelly  House,  Lifton,  was 
awakened  by  what  he  describes  as  a  most  distinct  shock  of  an 
earthquake.  The  bed  shook  and  the  windows  rattled.  He  at 
first  thought  that  someone  was  running  up  and  down  the  room. 
The  vibration  was  considerable,  and  the  noise  that  accompanied  it 
was  like  a  violent  blast  of  wind.  The  night  was  very  calm,  and 
aa  his  thermometer  registered  68"  Mr.  Kelly  had  his  window  open. 
Two  other  inmates  of  the  house  heard  it — it  lasted  only  a  few 
Beoonds.  The  day  precedii^  was  hot,  the  maximom  roister 
b^ng  77°. 

"  At  Ashwator  the  shock  was  felt  about  12.45  in  the  morning. 
Many  persons  felt  their  beds  shake  under  them,  but  no  alarm 
was  croated,  and  no  damage  appears  to  have  been  done. 

"  At  Tavistock  many  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  town  and  neigh- 
bourhood wore  startled  by  a  loud  rumbling  noise  at  about  12.25  on 
Thursday  morning.  Some  attributed  it  to  artillery  practice  at 
Okehampton,  some  to  the  fleet  in  Plymouth  Sound,  but  on  com- 
paring notes  the  mtgority  were  of  opinion  that  it  was  undoubtedly 
a  shock  of  an  earthquake  which  passed  from  east  to  west,  and 
was  most  severe  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Gunnislake,  Eilworthy, 
and  Pitland,  whilst  at  Petertavy  one  person  states  that  the  crockery 
on  her  dreaeers  was  shaken  and  jostled  together. 

"  Rev.  S.  Cliilds  Clarke,  vicar  of  Thorverton,  wrote  '  Your  issue 
of  Friday  states  that  the  shock  of  the  earthquake  was  not  felt  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Exeter.  This  statement  is  incorrect  It 
wu  distinctly  felt  in  this  vicarage,  which  is  only  seven  miles  from 
Sxoter,  I  remarked  on  the  strango  rumbling  sound  that  I  heard, 
Int  my  son  and  daughter,  who  wore  sleeping  in  different  parts  of 
tfw  hooae,  felt  their  beds  rock,  ami  other  inmates  heard  the  windows 
Witta.  Two  of  my  parishioners  hoard  the  sound  of  the  hell  which 
b«K  Uh  nof  of  the  vicarage.  I  have  heard  that  those  who  have 
"  '  "  •  Utiu  <>i  direction  taken  by  earthquakes  consider  that 
in  tlio  line  of  seismic  disturbance.' 
tntb  l'u|i;ileBtone  wrote  from  Two  Bridges,  Princetown, 
*1h]aaB  noticfl  <if  the  earthquake  which  was  felt  on  Wednesday 

a^^A  llkUTwiny  mom],  I  do  not  see  any  mention  made  of  the 


ON  SCIENTIFIC  MEMORANDA.  177 

experience  of  the  inhabitants  of  Princetown  and  neighbourhood, 
where  the  shock  was  undoubtedly  felt.  At  Two  Bridges  several  of 
my  family  were  awakened  by  the  rattling  of  things  and  vibration 
of  the  bedsteads.  One  was  aroused  by  an  upheaval  of  the  side  of 
the  bed,  almost  turning  him  over.  In  another  room  my  son  felt 
positive  some  one  was  in  the  room  below,  there  being  such  a 
disturbance  in  the  housa  Tet  another  was  quite  certain  something 
had  been  violently  thrown  down  in  the  lower  part  of  the  dwelling. 
Nearly  aU  the  family  were  aroused.  This  took  place  on  what 
we  have  considered  very  solid  ground,  amidst  the  tors  of  grand  old 
Dartmoor.  At  Princetown  the  shock  was  distinctly  felt  by  the 
residents  and  warders  and  convicts  in  the  prison.  Within  a  few 
hours  on  Thursday  morning  we  were  visited  for  a  short  period  by 
thunder  and  lightning,  great  gloom,  and  a  shower  of  rain. 
Following  on  the  event  of  the  previous  night  this  had  a  peculiar 
and  weird  effect,  making  us  reaUse  very  clearly  the  utter  insigni- 
ficance and  impotence  of  poor  humanity  when  placed  in  such 
circumstances.' 

''A  curious  incident  was  reported  from  Kingsbridge.  Mr. 
NichoUs  noticed  on  Tuesday  evening  a  tidal  wave  in  the  creek,  the 
water  rising  very  high  and  sweeping  up  to  the  quay  walL  Such  a 
phenomenon  had  not  occurred  for  many  years,  and  Mr.  Nicholls 
stated  that  he  believed  an  earthquake  was  either  occurring  in  some 
other  part,  or  would  shortly  be  felt  His  prophecy  proved  accurate." 
(J.  B.  R) 

IV.   METEORS. 

The  following  letter  from  Mr.  John  Francis  Cole,  F.R.A.S,, 
of  Westfield,  Sutton,  Surrey,  under  date  of  14th  January, 
1891,  with  reference  to  the  meteor  of  14th  December,  1890, 
noticed  by  many  observers  in  this  county,  appeared  in  the 
Western  Morning  News  : 

"SiB, — Permit  me  to  inquire,  through  your  columns,  whether 
any  of  your  readers  in  Devon  and  Cornwall  happened  to  see  the 
brUliant  meteor  which  was  seen  in  other  parts  of  England  on 
Sunday  evening,  the  14th  December  last,  at  about  a  quarter  to  tent 

"This  meteor  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
seen  in  this  country  for  a  long  time  past" 

Mr.  Herbert  Sadler,  F.R.A.S.,  writing  to  the  Times,  from 
Honiton  Rectory,  May  16th,  1891,  states  : 

"  On  the  14th,  at  9h.  44m.  p.m.  (  +  Im.),  I  noticed  a  particularly 
brilliant  firebalL  Its  apparent  path,  a  part  of  which  only  was 
probably  observed,  was  from  about  P  S.K  of  Spica  Virginia  to 
Gramma  Hydras,  the  arc  described  while  the  meteor  was  visible 
being  about  12^     The  duration  of  visibility  I  estimated  at  about 


178  SEVENTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMmTTEE 

two  seconds,  and  the  migor  axis  of  the  meteor  at  aboat  7'  to  10' 
in  diameter,  the  ratio  of  the  axes  being  about  2^  to  2.  The  fire- 
ball was  of  a  chrome-yellow  colour  and  was  followed  bj  a  train  of 
reddish  sparks.  In  brilliancy  it  appeared  to  be  comparable  to  the 
moon  when  about  two-and-arhalf  dnys  old.  Though  the  moon  was 
shining  brightly  in  the  north-west  at  the  time,  the  meteor  oast  a 
distinct  shadow." 

"About  fiye  minutes  to  three,  on  Saturday  afternoon,  [4th  April, 
1891]  the  neighbourhood  of  Telverton  was  yisited  by  a  heavy 
thunder-  and  hailstorm,  the  hailstones  being  as  laige  as  cob  nuts. 
The  caretaker's  house  adjoining  the  Eock  Chapel  was  struck  by  a 
thunderbolt  or  a  flash  of  lightning,  and  a  hole  about  eight  feet 
square  was  made  in  the  roof.  Mr.  Spiller,  the  occupier,  says, 
'Something  came  down  the  stairs  like  a  ball  of  fire,  and  flew 
round  the  living  room  on  the  ground  floor,  striking  three  of  the 
occupants  on  the  sides  of  their  heads  and  bending  them  to  the 
ground.  A  fryingi-pan,  which  was  on  the  fire,  danced  as  if  shaken 
by  unseen  hands,  and  after  the  ball  of  fire  had  burnt  itself  out  a 
bucket  of  strange  and  unknown  rubbish  was  taken  up  from  the 
floor.  None  of  the  occupants  were  injured  beyond  suffering  from 
headaches  caused  from  the  blow.'  Residents  in  the  neighbour- 
hood state  that  there  were  only  two  flashes  of  lightning,  followed 
immediately  by  very  heavy  thunder." — Western  Morning  News, 
April  6th,  1891. 

The  following  letter  from  Mr.  George  Forbes,  writing  from 
the  Athenaeum  Club,  under  date  of  31st  August,  1891, 
appeared  in  the  Times  of  Ist  Sept.,  1891 : 

''Last  night,  at  8h.  22m.,  at  Maidenhead,  while  admiring 
tbe  brilliancy  of  Jupiter,  I  saw  an  unusually  bright  meteor.  It 
was  brighter  than  Jupiter  when  I  first  saw  it;  it  lasted  three 
seconds  from  the  time  I  first  saw  it,  steadily  increasing  in  size  and 
brightness,  becoming  pear -shaped,  and  blue  showing  in  its  rear 
part  when  at  its  brightest ;  t.e,  just  before  extinction.  There  was 
no  train,  the  luminosity  not  extending  more  than  P  behind  it 
At  the  end  it  became  intensely  bright  and  then  disappeared 
suddenly.  It  passed  a  little  south  of  a  Cassiopeia,  and  also  a 
little  south  of  y  Andromeda.  I  iirst  saw  it  at  Ih.  45m.  R.A. 
and  50  deg,  K.  Decl.,  and  it  ended  at  2b.  Om.  RA.  and  39m.  N. 
Decl.  If  anyone  else  has  made  a  corresponding  observation  we 
can  calculate  its  path  and  height  above  the  earth's  surface." 

In  the  Western  Morning  News,  of  3 Ist  August,  1892,  the 
following  letter  from  a  correspondent  with  the  initials  H.  B., 
and  writing  from  High  week,  appeared : 

"  I  witnessed  some  curious  phenomena  on  Sunday  evening 
last  [i.e.  21st  August]  while  walking  along  the  road  about  6*10 


ON  SCIENTIFIC  MEMORANDA.  179 

betwfien  Highweek  and  Bradley  Woods.  A  long,  streaky,  dark 
cloud,  resembling  smoke,  having  its  base  in  the  town  of  Newton 
Abbot,  suddenly  shot  upwards,  towards  and  nearly  reaching  the 
zenith,  its  upper  end  inclining  outwards  to  the  right  To  the  left 
of  this  was  another  cloud  exactly  corresponding,  except  that  the 
upper  end  inclined  outwards  to  the  left,  the  two  objects  being  of  a 
fjui  shape.  Inside  the  smoky  streak,  both  right  and  left,  was  lined 
with  a  white,  bright,  phosphorescent  light,  in  breadth  and  height 
identical  with  each  other.  This  continued  about  ten  minutes,  when 
the  dark  streak  suddenly  became  as  luminous  as  the  lighter  one, 
and  I  could  distinguish  Uie  small  fine  particles  of  matter,  whatever 
they  were  composed  of,  intermingling  with  each  other,  until  they 
became  one  luminous  body.  In  another  ten  minutes  they  reverted 
again  to  their  original  form ;  viz.,  a  smoky  streak  outside,  and  a 
luminous  streak  inside ;  then  a  third  streak  formed  to  the  left  of 
the  left  one.  Subsequently  the  three  streaks  became  one  perfect 
mass  of  luminous  clouds,  still  preserving  the  fan-shape  and  incliniug 
upwards,  but  with  diminisbed  height,  and  then  ultimately 
disappesured  altogether.  My  back  was  towards  the  setting  sun, 
consequently  the  phenomena  would  be  about  east  by  south-east. 
On  turning  round,  and  looking  in  a  westerly  direction,  I  observed 
a  number  of  long  streaky  clouds,  which  looked  s^  if  they  had  been 
shot  out  of  a  cannon,  terminating  at  the  end  with  a  round  ball, 
The  estuary  and  valley  of  the  Teign  was  covered  with  fog  at  th^ 
time,  and  the  horizon,  in  an  easterly  and  north-easterly  direction 
and  other  parts,  was  lined  with  dark  angry  clouds.  Can  ^ny  of 
your  scientific  readers  explain  this  phenomena  1 " 

(J.  B,  E.) 

V.    NUMISMATICAL. 

'^  There  are  now  in  my  possession  two  third  bronze  Boman 
coins  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Staddon,  Plymstock, 
which  have  been  soldered  together  by  the  reverses  and 
silvered  for  a  watch-chain  pendant.  The  obverses  are  in 
excellent  preservation.    One  is  Hadrian,  with  the  inscription : 

IMP   CAESAR  TRAIAN   HADRIANVS   AVG.       The   Other  PostumuS, 

with  the  legend :  imp  c  postvm vs  pi  avq.   (B.  K  W.)  " 

"A  Boman  coin  has  been  shown  to  me  as  found  in  the 
wall  of  the  old  church  at  Bevelstoke.  It  is  a  first  brass. 
Obv.  Head  to  left:  imp  (c  detrited)  nero  clavdivs  drvsvs 
GERMANicvs.  Bev.  much  detrited :  a  male  figure  holding  a 
branch,  apparently  seated  on  a  trophy;  only  portion  of  legend 
visible  STIC.   (B.  N.  W.)" 

"  A  capital  example  of  a  jetton  or  abbey  piece  in  excellent 
condition  was  recently  found   in   the   old  priest's   house, 


180  ON  SCIENTIFIC  MEMORANDA. 

adjacent  to  the  church  at  Mary  Tavy,  and  is  now  in  posses- 
ion of  the  vicar,  the  Eev.  W.  Anderson.  Incidentally  it 
may  be  remarked  that  it  would  be  of  considerable  interest  if 
a  record  could  be  made  of  the  existence  of  such  ancient 
priest-houses  as  remain  attached  to  parish  churches,  and 
their  present  uses.  The  finest  in  the  diocese  is  the  so-called 
*  Abbey'  on  the  south  of  St  Andrews,  Plymouth.  The 
priest's  house  at  Shaugh  is  now  used  as  a  school-house,  but 
still  retains  traces  of  its  great  age,  probably  exceeding  that 
of  the  present  church.  The  priest's  house  at  Sheeps  Tor  is 
a  ruin.  (R.  N.  W.)" 

"An  interesting  coin  was  found  in  a  garden  at  Efiford  in 
September,  1892.  It  is  slightly  smaller  Uian  a  halfpenny,  of 
copper.  On  the  obverse  is  a  bearded  head,  with  ruff  to  right, 
and  the  legend:  henr.  de  la  tovb  bvllioni — in  the  exergue, 
1614  On  the  reverse  is  a  shield  of  arms,  quarterly  with  an 
escutcheon  of  pretence,  surmounted  by  a  crown,  apparently 
bearing  strawberry  leaves:  legend :  svp.  pkinceps.  sedanl  et. 
BAV.  It  is  a  coin  issued  by  the  reigning  prioce  of  the  prin- 
cipality of  Sedan,  whose  effigies  it  bears.  (R.  N.  W.)" 

VI.   ABCHiEOLOGICAL. 

"  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  H.  J.  Snell,  of  Plymouth,  for  inform- 
ation as  to  the  discovery  of  remains  of  the  ancient  buildings, 
presumably  of  an  ecclesiastical  or  monastic  character,  the 
bulk  of  which  were  removed  when  the  Royal  Naval  Hospital 
at  Stonehouse  was  built.  They  were  found  in  the  course  of 
alterations  to  an  old  brewery  at  the  rear  of  the  "Royal  Naval 
Hospital  Inn,"  in  High  Street,  Stonehouse,  and  adjacent  to 
the  hospital  police  station.  They  consisted  of  a  piece  of 
wall  with  a  small  window  with  granite  jamb,  head,  and  cill, 
blocked  up  with  brickwork,  and  hidden  behind  a  modern 
closet;  and  of  the  remains  of  an  old  doorway  partly  built 
up  and  converted  into  a  window,  with  the  arch  destroyed. 
One  jamb  stone  however,  with  a  hinge-hook,  was  intact. 
This  was  hidden  behind  a  huge  slate  cistern.  The  doorway 
was  of  Roborough  Down  stone.  Other  remains  of  walling, 
&c.,  with  portions  of  Beer  stone  were  found,  which  had 
evidently  belonged  to  a  fifteenth-century  building.  (R.  N.  W.)" 


THIRTEENTH  REPORT  OF 

THE  COMMITTEE  ON  DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL 

PROVINCIALISMS. 

TfllBTEENTH  REPORT  of  (he  Committee — consisting  of  Mr.  J.  S. 
Am^ery,  Mr.  F,  T.  Elworthy  (Secretary),  Mr,  F.  H.  Firth, 
Mr.  P.  0.  Hutchinson,  Mr.  P.  Q.  Karkeek,  Dr.  W,  C. 
Lake,  Dr*  Brushfield,  and  Mrs.  J,  Rose  Troup — for  the 
purpose  of  noting  and  recording  the  existing  v^e  of  any 
Verbal  Provincialisms  in  Devonshire,  in  either  toritten  or 
spoken  language^  not  included  in  the  lists  pvblished  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Association. 

Edited  by  F.  T.  Elworthy, 
Member  of  Coancil  of  tbe  Pbilological  Society. 

(Bead  at  Torquay^  July,  1898.) 


The  Resolutions  under  which  this  Committee  are  empowered 
to  act,  together  with  instructibns  to  be  followed  by  those 
willing  to  collect  materials,  also  a  considerable  list  of  Books 
for  reference,  have  been  printed  in  full  in  previous  reports, 
down  to  the  tenth,  published  in  voL  xviii.  1886. 

All  new  observers  who  are  interested  in  the  subject  are 
invited  carefully  to  peruse  them,  and  to  such  as  may  not  be 
in  possession  of  the  early  reports  containing  the  resolutions 
a  copy  will  be  gladly  forwarded,  on  application  to  the  Editor. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

Each  provincialism  is  placed  within  inverted  commas,  and 
the  whole  contribution  ends  with  the  initials  of  the  observer. 
All  remarks  following  the  initials  are  simply  editorial 

Tbe  full  address  of  each  contributor  is  given  below,  and  it 
must  be  fully  understood  that  he  or  she  is  responsible  only 
for  the  statements  to  which  his  initials  are  appended : 

T.  N.  B.  =  Dr.  Brushfield,  Budleigh  Salterton. 

R  P.  C.  =  R.  Pearse  Chope,  107,  Ledbury  Road,  Bayswater. 


182  THIRTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

F.  T.  E.        =  F.  T.  Elworthy,  Foxdown,  Wellingtoa. 
W.  C.  L.       =  Dr.  W.  C.  Lake,  Teignmouth. 

E.  F.  N.        =  Eev.  Ernest  F.  Newman,  Chaplain's  House, 

Tower  of  London. 
A.  S.  »  A.  Stansell,  East  Street,  Taunton. 

A.  D.  T.        •*  Rev.  A.  D.  Taylor,  Churchstanton  Rectory. 

F.  B.  T.        «  Mrs.  J.  Rose  Troup,  Rockbeare,  Exeter. 
H.  B.  S.  W.  =  H.  B.  S.  Woodhouse,  Plymouth. 

"  Agoles  =  haws,  berries  of  the  hawthorn.  B.  P.,  a  farmer, 
age  60,  having  lived  all  his  life  at  Hartland,  informs  me  that 
the  saying  :  *  Many  aggies, 

Many  cradles,* 

is  frequently  added  to  the  better-known  sayings : 

*  Many  nits, 
Many  pits ; 
Many  slones, 
Many  groans.* 

Haws  are  mote  usually  called  '  eggle-berries/  or  'aggle- 
berries.'— June,  1892.    R  P.  C." 

This  is  most  likely  a  Devon  form  of  Aglet — a  name  given 
to  several  kinds  of  berry,  or  to  any  bunch  or  pendant  of 
blossom  or  fruit.     See  New  Eng,  Diet. 

•  "  Ale  Tuesday  =  Shrove  Tuesday  (B.  P.).  Pronounced  Ahl 
toosdy.  The  word  ale  is  frequently  pronounced  with  the 
open  a  sound,  as  in  this  case.  I  remember  an  old  labourer, 
aged  about  fiO,  singing  the  song,  *  When  Joan's  ale  was  new,' 
in  this  manner : 

An*  nex'  there  kbm'  the  mason. 

There  wadd'n  a  chap  to  face  'en 

Amang  thiB  joob'l  (jovial)  croo* ; 

He  vling'd  hees  'ammer  agin  the  wall, 

An'  wish'd  all  churches  an'  chapels  'ud  vail. 

An'  then  there  wud  be  work  vor  all, 

When  Joan's  al  waz  noo*. 

"The  above  pronunciation  of  jovial  is  adopted  also  in 

*  John  Barleycorn ' : 

Putt  wine  into  a  glass, 

Putt  clerret  into  a  can, 

Jan  Barleycorn  in  a  hoal'  brown  bowl 

'UU  pruve  the  joobiles*  (jovialest)  man. 

—June,  1892.    R  P.  C." 

The  last  day  of  the  carnival  would  be  the  "  wettest,"  and 
might  well  be  called  Ale  Tussday.     Every  parish  had  its 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  VERBiLL  PROVINCIiLLISMS.  183 

t^harch  ales  on  several  anniversaries,  of  which  that  at  Shrove- 
tide was  usually  one.  The  sale  of  liquor,  called  in  olden 
times  "Holy  Ale,"  was  a  considerable  source  of  income  to 
the  church.  On  this  subject  see  Churchwardens*  Accounts, 
Som.  Record  Society,  p.  xxii.,  et  seq, ;  also  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq. 
V.  i.  p.  278  (Bohn's  ed.). 

"  Anybody  (imp.  pron.)  -  one."    See  NaturfooL 

"Balsh  EoPE  =  the  rope  for  lashing  corn^  etc.,  upon  the 
'long  crooks'  of  a  pack-saddle.  The  a  is  open,  as  in  fcUher. 
B.  P.  informs  me  that  it  was  customary^  long  after  the  intro- 
duction of  *  butts,*  for  the  parson  to  fetch  his  tithes  with  a 
horse  and  pack-saddle,  the  horse's  shoes  being  removed  before^ 
going  upon  the  farmer's  land.  The  theory  apparently  was 
that  the  parson  had  a  right  to  take  the  tithes,  but  no  right  to 
injure  the  land.--- June,  1892.     H.  P.  C." 

This  seems  like  a  duplication,  for  batch  meads  a  strong  cord 
or  small  rope.     See  Tenth  Heport  Dev.  Prov. 

"  Barnstaple  Fair  Weather.  The  Daily  Graphic,  2l8t  of 
April,  1893,  had  the  following  note  on  weather  predictions :' 
'  Yesterday  the  clerk  of  the  weather  made  a  desperate  effort 
to  restore  what  is  utdetstood  to  be  the  normal  balance  of 
proportion  between  fine  days  and  thunderstorms  in  this 
country.  He  has  still  a  good  deal  of  lee-way  to  make  up,  butj 
he  has  plenty  of  time  to  do  it  in.  According  to  Dr.  Falb,  the 
eminent  Austrian  meteorologist,  the  months  of  July,  August, 
and  September  are  to  be  devoted  to  this  unpleasant  process. 
Throughout  all  this  period^ — and  particularly  in  September — ^ 
what  Devonians  out  of  their  experience  call  "Barnstaple  Fair 
weather"  is  to  prevail  in  England.  It  is  an  awful  prospectjf 
and  as  that  is  the  time  when  most  of  us  take  our  holidays, 
Dr.  Falb  really  ought  to  tell  us  what  will  be  happening  else* 
where.'— R.  P.  C." 

•*  Bawker  =  a  bogy  or  spirit,  supposed  generally  to  reside  in 
wells. '  J.  T.  H.,  farmer,  age  24,  native  of  Hartland,  tells  me 
that  mothers  frequently  frighten  their  children  away  from 
dangerous  wells  by  saying,  *Doan'  ee  go  there,  my  dear; 
there 's  a  bawker  in  that  will.'— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

This  is  a  most  interesting  word  to  find  in  the  West-country. 
Of  course,  it  is  no  other  than  a  Devon  form  of  the  TTorth- 
country  boggart.  , 

"Many  a  quiet  stream  and  ancient  building  is  the  reputed 
hauTit  of  some  local  sprite  or  boggart!*  Waugh.  Quoted  in 
Lancashire  Glossary,  E,  D.  S,  p.  45. 


184  THIRTEENTH   REPORT  OF  THE   COMMITTEE 

**Eh!  woman!  hi  white  thee  arty  as  ta  seen  a  boggart V* 
Cheshire  Glossary,  E.  D.  S.  p.  35. 
See  other  glossaries  and  also  N.  E,  Diet, 

"  Beards  =  sepals  of  apple  blossoms.  Bose,  a  Eockbeare 
man,  age  about  60,  said,  '  I  like  the  look  of  your  orchard, 
because  the  beards  of  'em  stuck  out  so  nice  and  stiff.' — June, 
1892.     F.  B.  T." 

The  teriit  beard  seems  to  be  applied  to  any  kind  of  vegetable 
substance  which  can  at  all  be  considered  hairy-like. 

"Beating  the  Streets.  I  recently  heard  a  woman  say, 
'  I  won't  have  my  children  beating  the  streets/  This  ex- 
pression referring  to  children  running  about  the  streets  and 
playing  with  any  others  is,  I  suppose,  akin  to  the  phrase, 
'  beating  the  bounds,'  and  the  *  policeman's  beat.' — May, 
i893.     H.  B.  S.  W." 

In  the  New  Eng,  Bicti  this  is  said  to  mean  "the  action  of 
the  feet  upon  the  ground ;  to  walk  up  and  down,"  It  is  a 
question  whether  "  beating  the  bounds  "  does  not  rather  refer 
td  beating  it  into  the  heads  of  the  boys  who  are  made  to 
perambulate  the  parish  bounds,  though  Dr.  Murray  says  this 
misans  *'to  trace  out  the  boundaries  by  striking  certain  points 
with  rods."  Those  familiar  with  the  custom  will  rather 
incline  to  the  head  theory. 

The  origin  of  the  "  policeman's  beat "  is  uncertain,  accord- 
ing to  the  same  authority,  i.e.,  whether  it  refers  to  the 
constant  Striking  of  the  feet  upon  the  same  ground,  or  to  the 
beating  out  of  the  locality  by  repeated  passing  and  examin- 
ation. In  either  case  the  "  beat "  would  be  likely  to  become 
a  beaten  path. 

"  Bellis  (v.  t.)  ^  to  drive,  to  disturb.  In  Hemyock  parish 
a  gamekeeper,  about  50,  native  of  W.  Buckland,  speaking  of 
rabbits,  said  twice,  *  They  be  too  much  a-bellis'd  about  vor  to 
vind  many  'bout  here.'— January  24th,  1893.     F.  T.  E." 

"  Between  the  two  Worlds.  *  1  was  faint,  but  did  not  quite 
lose  myself.  I  was  like  some  one  "between  the  two  worlds,'" 
i.e.,  the  world  of  the  dead,  and  the  world  of  the  living. 
Compare  *  between  the  two  lights '  for  twilight.  Used  by  an 
artisan's  wife,  about  35,  bom  and  resident  in  Teignmouth. 
Not  a  provincialism,  I  believe,  at  all,  but  I  thought  the 
expression  interesting. — May  28th,  1888.    W.  C.  L" 

"Black  EAM  =  the  mineral  usually  called  Wad  or  Bog 
Manganese  Ore,  '  a  brown  earthy  substance  of  indefinite 
composition,  but  probably  a  hydrated  oxide  of  manganese.' 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  185 

(Bauennau's  Descriptive  Mineralogy,  p.  150.)  It  occurs  at 
Hartland  in  the  form  of  loose  stones  immediately  under  the 
soil  BlcLck  ram  is  the  common  name  for  it  locally,  but 
J.  T.  H.  informs  me  that  it  is  also  called  Kitty  rock.  It  was 
identified  for  me  by  Mr.  G.  T.  HoUoway. — June,  1892. 
R  P.  C." 

"  Bock  Up  =  to  stop  up  or  shut  up,  as  a  hole  or  opening. 
•  The  door-way  waz  all  bock*d  up  wai*  straw.'     T.  C,  fanner, 
age  65,  lived  all  his  life  in  Hartland.— June,  1892.    R  P.  C." 
'  This  surely  is  a  form  of  block  up, 

*' Carding  =  playing  cards.  'They  was  carding,*  meaning 
playing  cards.  A  retired  farmer  of  74  living  in  Teignmouth, 
for  many  years  resident  in  Bishopsteignton,  and  born  at 
Ashcombe.— June  27th,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 

"  Cause  =  pathway   (rhymes   with    remorse).      A  girl   of 

about  9  or  10  years  old  used  the  expression  before  me  "on 

'  the  cause,"  meaning  on  the  footpath  at  the  side  of  the  street. 

— Teignmouth,  Dec.   26th,  1892.      See   Trans,  Dev.  Assoc. 

1885,  p.  89. 

"Some  doubt  is  thrown  upon  this  use  of  the  word,  but 
without  just  reason.  My  earliest  recollections  in  Teignmouth 
are  connected  with  a  genuine  causeway,  always  called  the 
Causeway,  in  Bitton  Street.  This  has  been  for  long 
destroyed,  but  a  high  and  long  causeway  exists  in  Bishops- 
teignton. The  word  abbreviated  into  causey,  or  still  further 
into  cause  (corse),  I  frequently  hear  still  used,  however,  for 
the  footpaths  by  the  side  of  the  streets.     W.  C.  L." 

No  doubt  causeway  is  another  literary  corruption,  and  that 
the  old  form  "  causey  "  is  the  true  survival  of  the  old  French 
chauss^.     See  JVest  Som,  Word  Book  p.^119. 

"^ Agreed  thai  the  causey  leading  from  the  Tovm  of  Wellington 
to  Tone  Bridge  he  forthwith  Repaired!^ —  Vestry  Book  of  Parish 
of  Wellington,  Nov.  22nd,  1768. 

The  final  syllable  has  been  dropped  in  this  word,  as  in  car 
for  carry,  dirt  for  dirty  (v),  stitd  for  study,  store  for  story,  &c. 
CaiLse  for  footpath  is  common  in  Somerset. 

It.  pro  ij  plaustratis  petrarum  ruptis  pro  le  causey  ex 

opposito  domum  communis  pistrine  emendando      .    iij^ 
1453.    Tintinhvil  Ch.  War.  Ace, — Som.  Rec,  Soc.  p.  186. 

It.  for  ij  putts  of  stone  to  the  church  cawse  .  viij** 

1477.     Tintinhull  Ch,  War,  Ace.  p.  193.—^.  B,  Soc, 

"CHALL  =  a  twist  or  turn  of  a  rope  halter  put  into  a 
horse's  mouth  to  act  as  a  bit  (rhymes  with  sfuxll),     T.  C. 

VOL.   XXV.  N 


186  THIRTEENTH   REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

gives  me  the  following  example  of  its  use:  'Putt  a  chall  in 
the  mouth  o*n,  an*  thee  *lt  be  able  to  hoald  'n  better.' — June, 
1892.  E.  P.  C." 

Hal,  has  Chall  =  the  jaw. — Leicester. 
This  is,  of  course,  the  same  as  our  old  West-country  word 
Challer  or  Oholler,  of  which  the  er  is  a  redundancy,  like 
header,  toer,  legger,  &c. 
Ang.-Sax.  ceole  =  the  jaw. 

Transference,  as  in  Hartland,  of  the  name  of  the  part 
acted  upon  to  the  thing  causing  the  action  is  curious  but  not 
uncommon.  The  word  Bit,  so  closely  allied  to  Chall,  is  an 
apt  illustration.  Of  this  word  Dr.  Murray  says  (JV.  £.  J),), 
**  It  is  not  clear  whether  the  word  signifies  that  which  the 
horse  bites,  or  that  which  bites  or  grips  the  horse's  mouth." 

"  Thar  the  dragon  gan  aritce, 
«  «  «  « 

Eighte  toskes  at  'is  mouth  stod  out. 
The  teste  was  seuentene  ench  about. 
The  her  the  cholle  vnder  the  ching  ; 
He  was  hothe  leith  and  grim,** 
"  Sir  Bevis  and  the  Dragon."     Weber*s  Metrical  Romances, 
vol.  iii.  p.  315. 

In  the  description  of  Bucephalus  we  read : 

•*  He  was  hyglich  yhownde  on  hothe  twoo  halues, 
Botlu  his  chaul  &  his  chynne  .  vrith  chaymes  of  yren,** 
A.D.  1350,  King  Alisaunder,  Will  of  Palerme,\.  1117. 

Also  in  the  following  description  of  a  fat  friar : 
"  A  greet  cherl  &  a  grym,  growen  as  a  tonne, 
Wi]>  a  face  as  fat  as  a  full  bledder, 
Blowen  hretfull  of  bre]> .  &  as  a  bagge  honged 
On  bo]>en  his  chekes  &  his  chyn  .  un^  a  chol  lollede, 
As  greet  as  a  gos  eye  .  growen  all  of  grece," 

1394,  Piers  Plowman's  Greed,  1.  221. 
Of  Jonah  and  the  whale  we  find  : 

"As  mote  in  at  a  munster  dor,  so  mukel  wem  his  chawlez. 
He  glydes  in  by  ]>e  giles," 

Early  English  Alliterative  Poems.  Patience,  1. 268.  E.  E,  T.  S, 
Skeat  says  this  word  is  spelt  chall  in  Hartshorne's  Salopia 
Antigua. 

In  modern  English  this  is  Jowl  or  Jole. 

Dem.     Follow?  nay,  I*ll  go  with  thee,  cheek  by  jole." 
Midsummer  Nights  Dream,  Act  iii.  Sc.  2. 

See  also  Way's  note  to  jol,  Promp.  Parv.   p.  264,  and 
Skeat's  Etym,  Diet.,  s.  v.  jowl. 


ON  DEVONSHIRS  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  187 

"Chickbt,  Chickbt  -  window.  =  a  dormer  window.  A 
Hartland  farmer,  a  native  of  Combmartin,  was  heard  to  say, 
'The  chimber  is  rather  scrammy.  I  shall  foace*  {i.e,,  be 
forced)  *  to  put  up  a  couple  of  chickets/ 

"B.  P.  and  T.  C.  inform  me  that  both  'chicket'  and 
'chicket-window  *  are  quite  common. — June,  1892. 

"*The  green  shutters  and  chickets  [of  the  Escurial]  are 
oflensive.* — Ford. 

**  See  my  note  in  Notes  and  QuerieSy  8th  S.,  ii.  85.  R  P.  C." 

In  Murray's  Handbook  to  Spain,  3rd  Ed.,  1855  (of  which 
the  original  was  written  by  Ford),  p.  752,  the  above  has 
been  edited  to  ''The  mvltitvde  of  hold  toindows  ,  .  ,  the 
preen  shtUters  and  crickets  are  offensiver  This  latter  is  absurd. 
Ford  was  no  doubt  a  Devon  man,  and  wrote  chicket, 

•*Cbickny-weed.  J.  T.  H.  and  T.  C.  (see  *bock  up*)  inform 
me  that  this  is  a  form  of  the  word  chickweed.  The  plant 
shown  me  was  a  species  of  Veronica,  stated  to  be  'good  for 
sore  eyes.'  The  name  chickweed  is  applied  to  many  different 
sorts  of  plants.— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

The  ordinary  chickweed  is  stellaria  media,  but  several 
species  of  Veronica  are  so  called.  The  above  is  probably 
the  common  Devonshire  interpolated  vowel  between  two 
consonants,  as  in  Dartymoor,  floppy  dock,  Good-a- Friday,  so 
that  it  is  really  chicken-a-weed, 

"  Chissocked.  At  Churchstanton  a  woman. told  me  that 
her  husband  had  a  very  bad  cold  on  his  chest,  and  was 
terribly  'chissocked*  up.  She  repeated  the  word  two  or 
three  times.— June  2nd,  1892.     A.  D.  T." 

This  is  the  same  word  as  "  tissick'd."  See  Second  Eeport 
Dev.  Prov. ;  also  Hal. 

The  interchange  between  initial  t  and  ch  is  not  unusual. 
Compare  chitter  and  titter,  tink  and  chink,  &c. 

"Chissom  (v.)  =  to  shoot,  to  germinate,  to  sprout.  At 
Churchstanton  a  gardener,  an  old  Devonshire  man,  said 
'the  seed  potatoes  had  chissomed  out  beautiful.' — March, 
1892.     A.  D.  T." 

This  seems  a  regular  South-country  word.  Hal.  and 
Wright  have  "  Chi8Som  =  to  germinate. —  WestJ* 

Barnes  (Dorset  Orammar  and  Glossary,  1863)  has  "  Chisom 
=  to  germinate  or  throw  out  chimps,  as  potatoes  in  the  spring." 

Rev.  Sir  W.  H.  Cope  (Hampshire  Glossary,  1883)  has 
"  Chissom  =  to  put  forth  roots,  to  grow."  It  seems,  however, 
not  to  have  occun*ed  in  literature,  or  it  would  certainly 
appear  in  the  New  Eng,  Dictionary, 

V  2 


188  THIRTEENTH   REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

"  Choke  =  the  twist  or  turn  at  the  end  of  a  straw  bind  for 
sheaves,  &a,  by  which  the  bind  is  secured.  Informant,  T.  C. 
Example :  *  Turn  in  the  choke  vitty,  or  the  sheave  *11  vail  all 
to  pieces/  The  bind  for  a  goat  (q.  v.)  is  known  as  a  cable, 
and  is  formed  without  a  cJioke. — June,  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

"  Clipped  =  caught  hold  of.  '  The  cold  clipped  her  stomach.' 
A  woman  of  about  30,  a  laundress,  born  and  resident  in 
Teigumouth.  An  habitual  expression  of  the  retrocession  of 
a  rash,  as  of  that  of  measles,  is  '  they  have  clipped  inward.' — 
March  28th,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 

Ang.  Sax.,  clyppan.     See  W.  S,  W.  B,  p.  140. 

•*  Clitched  =  stuck  together.  '  They  all  hang  together,  they 
are  all  ditched*  referring  to  some  waterproof  coats  which  had 
stuck  together.  A  quondam  domestic  servant,  about  40-50, 
resident  in  Teignmouth. — August  26th,  1886.     W.  C.  L." 

See  W.  S.  W.  B,  p.  141. 

"Clitch'd  Bkead  in  th'  Auv'm  (oven)  =  a  boy's  game. 
Some  of  the  boys  clutch  together  in  a  comer,  and  the  others 
try  to  pull  them  out  one  by  one  or  altogether.  Informant, 
J.  T.  H.,  farmer,  of  Hartland,  age  24.— June,  1892.  R.  P.  C." 

"  CLiTTER~a  tangled  mass.  A  tradesman's  wife,  age  about 
50,  was  heard  to  say,  *The  gearden's  all  to  a  clitter,'  meaning 
that  it  was  matted  with  weeds.  See  also  Roach. — June, 
1892.     R  P.  C." 

This  may  be  a  substantive  form  of  clit,  hence  a  mass  not 
easily  separated.     See  Eighth  Report  Dev.  Pro  v. 

Clumb.     See  I) huge  (2). 

"CooLDEK  FOR  CooLER.  Used  by  a  fisherman's  widow, 
aged  about  50-60,  long  resident  in  Teignmouth.  Such  a  form 
very  common.— August  21st,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 

Insertion  old,  d  after  a  liquid  when  followed  by  a  vowel  is 
the  usual  West-country  form,  e,g,  taild&,  smallder,  hand- 
someder,  fineder,  thinder,  vurder,  &c.  The  latter  is  retained 
in  the  further  of  polite  speakers.  See  Cornder  ;  also  W. 
S.  W,  B.  p.  178. 

"Corndeks  for  Corners.  *Cornders  of  the  eyes.'  A 
labourer's  wife  of  50-60,  born  and  resident  in  Teignmouth. — 
August  21st,  1888.     W.  C.  L."     See  Coolder, 

"  Craw-tone  =  the  creeping  buttercup,  ranunculus  repens. 
Informants,  T.  C.  and  others.  The  literal  meaning  of  this 
seems  to  be  *  crow-toes.'  If  so,  it  is  an  interesting  survival 
of  the  old  plural  of  ^a<?.— June,  1892.     R.  D.  C." 


ON   DEVO^SHIUE   VERBAL   rKOVlNClALlSMS.  189 

No  doubt.  It  is  also  interesting  as  an  example  of  widely- 
spread  names,  in  fact  a  bringing  of  North  and  South  together. 

Craw-taes,  craw-foot,  craw-tees  are  the  Scotch  names  for 
this  plant,  while  crow-foot  is  that  by  which  it  and  several 
other  flowers  are  known  further  south,  from  Cumberland  and 
Yorkshire  to  Somerset. 

Ang.-Sax.  td,  plur.  tdn  or  loan. 

For  the  change  of  Ang.-Sax.  long  d  into  o  compare  Ang. 
Sax.  8wd — mod.  Eng.  so ;  Ang.-Sax.  wd — mod.  Eng.  woe, 

"  His  bUe  was  blak,  and  as  the  geet  it  schon, 
Lik  Asur  were  his  legges,  and  his  ton  ; 
His  nayles  whitter  than  the  lily  flour ^ 
And  lik  the  humischt gold  was  his  colour" 

Chauckr,   The  Noune  Prest  his  Tale,  1. 41. 

•*  Crazed  (to  express  soreness  or  hoarseness).  *  I  be  crazed 
all  up  and  down.'  Labourer  suffering  from  bronchitis  and 
inflammation  of  lungs,  passing  his  hand  up  and  down  his 
chest  as  he  said  it.  At  Cory  ton  about  1874.  This  man  was 
not  a  native  of  Coryton,  but  I  cannot  remember  where  he 
came  from.     E.  F.  N." 

Mid.  Eng.,  crasen^Uy  break,  crack. 

The  above  use  is  uncommon.     See  W.  S.  W,  B.  p.  166. 

"  To  '  CREAM  *  =  to  spread  cream  on.  '  1  split  the  cakes  and 
creamed  them.'  A  young  lady  of  24,  born  and  resident  in 
Teignmouth.  Can  this  be  called  a  provincialism  ?  Is  it  not 
common  everywhere  ? — September  13th,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 

It  is  common  to  "  butter  the  cakes,"  but  "  to  cream  them  " 
will  not  be  found  in  literature. 

"  Creek.     From  an  advertisement  in  North  Devon  paper : 
*  Sticklepath  Mills,  Okehampton,  Corn  and  Flour  Mill,  con- 
taining three  pair  {sic)  of  stones,  silver  creek,  flour  dressing 
"machine,  &c.  — Dec,  1890.     R.  P.  C." 

"Dad-finch,  Dap-fikcu  =  chaffinch  (?  cock  bird  only).  On 
my  way  from  Hartland  to  Bideford,  a  Bideford  boy,  aged 
about  16,  picked  up  a  dead  cock  chaffinch,  and  said  that  the 
only  name  he  knew  for  it  was  *  dad-finch.'  B.  P.,  farmer,  of 
Hartland,  informs  me  that  it  is  frequently  called  *  dap-finch/ 
but  1  have  generally  heard  it  called  *  green-finch '  or  *  copper- 
finch.'— April,  1893.     R.  P.  C." 

Swainson's  British  Birds,  E.  D.  S.  has  daffinch  (North 
Devon)  ?  chaffinch. 

"  Daisy-mores.  Two  women  were  talking  in  a  shop  which 
1  had  just  entered^  and  on  one  of  them  leaving  the  shop- 


190  THIRTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

keeper  said  to  me, '  If  every  woman  was  like  her  't  would  be 
a  good  job  if  they  were  all  under  the  daisy-mores,"  evidently 
meaning  dead  and  buried. — May,  1893.     H.  B.  S.  W." 

Mores  are  the  rootlets  of  such  plants  as  the  daisy  through- 
out the  West.    See  Tenth  Eeport  Dev.  Prov. 

"  DAVERY-Toppfe)  =  withered  at  the  top  (davery  rhymes 
with  slavery).  B.  P.  was  heard  to  say,  'Theze  yur  lattices 
(lettuces)  be  all  davery  topped.'  The  usual  form  of  the  word 
is  *  daver'd '  or  '  diver'd.'— June  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

"Devil's  Bud  =  the  name  of  a  flower,  real  or  fictitious. 
B.  P.  says  he  has  heard  the  saying, '  Iv'ry  flower  'ot  graw'th 
is  ordain'd  vor  zomthin',  'uthout  'tis  the  devil's  bud,'  but  he 
does  not  know  the  flower.  It  may  be  the  same  as  the  devil's 
beard,  a  well-known  weed,  but  one  which  I  have  not  yet  been 
able  to  identify.— June,  1892.     E.  P.  C." 

This  is  no  doubt  the  well-known  devil's  bit.  See  Eighth 
Eeport  Dev.  Prov. 

E.  P.  C.  writes  further  on  this :  "  I  have  no  doubt,  now 
that  you  have  called  my  attention  to  it,  that  devil's  bud  is 
the  same  as  devil's  bit,  because  I  have  beard  the  tale  that 
when  God  created  the  flowers  He  intended  that  each  one 
should  have  some  medicinal  property,  but,  as  the  devil 
grumbled  at  this  arrangement,  He  refrained  from  giving  this 
—  the  last  flower  created — any  particular  property,  and 
named  it  the  devil's  bit.  This  agrees  with  the  illustration  I 
have  given  of  devil's  bud,  but  it  proves  that  it  is  not  the  same 
as  devil's  beard,  which  is  a  very  troublesome  weed,  growing 
chiefly  in  wet,  marshy  land." 

"Devil's  Gold  EiNG  =  the  common  'woolly  bear'  cater- 
pillar.    T.  C.  also  gives  me  the  proverb : 
"  *  Give  a  thing,  an'  hev  a  thing, 
An'  you  'U  ha'  the  devil's  gold  ring.' 

"  But  what  it  means  he  does  not  know. — June,  1892.    E.  P.  C." 

"  Devil's  Manty-maker.  B.  P.  says  this  is  the  name  given 
to  a  large  black  beetle,  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  a 
specimen  for  identification.  I  suppose  '  manty '  is  literally 
•  mantle.'— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

Probably  the  same  as  Devil's  Cow.    See  W.  S.  W.  B.  p.  192." 

"  DiMMiE.  Used  by  a  farmer  of  about  40  to  50,  bom  and 
living  near  Teignmouth,  to  describe  a  shallow,  hollow  place 
of  small  dimensions,  but  more  open  than  a  *goil.' — April 
25th,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 


ON  DEVONSHIRE   VEBBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  191 

**Dish-a-Washer  =  water  wagtail.  In  frequent  use,  Cory- 
ton,  1875.     Is  this  'ditch  washer' ?    E.  F.  N." 

It  does  not  seem  likely. 

'^From  the  fanciful  similarity  between  the  beating  of  the 
%ocUer  with  its  tail  by  this  bird  while  tripping  along  the  leaves 
of  a  water  lily,  and  the  beaming  in  the  water  by  washerwomen, 
it  has  received  the  titles  of  Dishwasher,  Mollwasher,  Peggy- 
dishioash,  Mollywashdish,  &c" — Johns,  British  Birds,  quoted 
by  Swainson.    E,  B.  S,  p.  44. 

The  above  idea  is  evidently  not  confined  to  England,  for 
in  French  it  is  called  lavanditre. 

The  insertion  of  the  euphonic  vowel  is  according  to  West- 
country  usages.    See  Good-a-Vriday,  Chickny-weed. 

**  Diver  =«  to  wither.  A  variant  of  Daver.  (See  Dialect  of 
Hartland,  p.  39.)  A  mason,  aged  about  40,  said  to  me,  'The 
flowers  (in  church)  soon  git  diver'd.' — April,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

See  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Reports  Dev.  Prov. 

"Drazacking.  The  following  extract  is  from  an  article 
on  'Devonshire  in  the  Dumps,'  in  The  Daily  Telegraph  of 
September  3rd,  1892 :  *  He  [the  Devonshire  man]  is  not 
proud  of  his  accent — that  broad,  unmusical,  "drazacking" 
drawl  which  fills  the  foreigner  with  wonder.' 

**T.  C.  informs  me  that  a  dra-zack  is  'an  untidy  person 
who  drawls  in  his  speech,'  but  he  has  not  heard  the  word 
*  drazacking '  used  as  in  the  above  extract.     R  P.  C." 

See  Eighth  Report  Dev.  Prov.,  where  this  word  has  quite  a 
different  meaning,  although  there  is  a  connection. 

To  Dreamy.  "  *  I  'm  apt  to  dreame,'  used  by  a  farmer  of 
about  80,  born  and  bred  near  Teignmouth. — April  21st,  1888. 
W.  C.  L."     See  Hidy. 

Drim  UP  =  to  postpone.  B.  P.  gives  me  the  expression, 
'He  drim'th  iv'rything  up  to  the  las*  minute.'  This  is 
perhaps  a  corruption  of  Dring.  In  Brither  Jaiis  Visit  ta 
tha  Crismiss  Pantymine,  &c.,  by  W.  Hare,  occurs  the  phrase, 
'I  wiz  dring'd  up  ver  time.'  (3rd.  Ed.  p.  37,  L  25.) — June, 
1892.     R  P.  C." 

"To  dring"  is  to  press,  to  crowd  together.  Hence  one 
who  leaves  work  to  be  done  at  tbe  last  moment  "  drings  up 
everything."     See  W,  S.  W.  B.  p.  213. 

"  Druge  (1)  =  Any  heavy  and  clumsy  article,  generally  a 
vehicle  (rhymes  with  huge).  An  innkeeper,  aged  about  50, 
was  heard  to  say, '  I  shall  zen'  my  awn  break  an'  A's  druge.' 

"  (2)  =  A  stout  horse-rake  employed  in  raking  peat.  (T.  C.) 
Same  as  a  Clumb" 


192  THIRTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE   COMMITTEE 

"Druging  =  heavy  and  clumsy  (2nd  g  not  pronounced). 
T.  G.  says  he  has  heard  such  expressions  as  '  I  doan'  think 
much  o'  hees  new  butt — a  gurt  drugin'  thing  as  ivver  I  did 
zee."— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"  Fess  =  smart,  clever,  skilful  (B.  P.).  T.  0.  thinks  this  is 
generally  used  ironically,  as  in  the  phrase,  'A  purty  fess  chap 
he  vor  paint  a  'ouze ! '  B.  P.  says  it  is  also  used  in  the 
phrase,  *Fess  as  a  paycock,'  meaning  proud,  conceited. — June, 
1892.     R  P.  C." 

Hal.     "  Gay,  smart,  conceited." 

"Fiddly  (Fiddlee).  'I  would  rather  fiddlee  about,'  i.e,, 
fiddle  about  (walk  about  desultorily  at  her  pleasure).  Used 
by  the  wife  of  a  fisherman,  about  68  years  old,  born  and 
resident  in  Teignmouth.— May  18th,  1888.     W.  C.  L" 

See  remarks  on  Hidt. 

"  Finger-oold  =  cold  enough  to  make  the  fingers  tingle. 
Annie  Causley,  native  of  Buckerell,  aged  22,  remarked  on 
several  chilly  mornings,  '  It  is  a  fintfer-cold  morning  to-day, 
ma'am.'  She  is  very  fond  of  commenting  on  the  weather, 
and,  like  other  Devonshire  maids,  I  have  noticed  that  unless 
there  is  a  regular  downpour  of  rain  she  calls  it  a  fine  day, 
mist,  clouds,  &c.,  notwithstanding. — March,  1891.     F.  B.  T." 

" Fleet  =  to  drain  or  leak  (pron.  vlait),  B.  P.  said  to  me: 
*  Where  the  corn  is  a-zaut  up,  the  watter  'U  natur'lly  vlait 
out  o  't.'— September,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"Flop-a-dock  (as  an  adjective)  =  like  a  foxglove.  To 
express  oats  hanging  on  one  side  of  the  straw  only;  those 
hanging  all  round  it  were  called  *  sparrible.'  In  common  use 
at  Coryton  about  1870.  See  flop-a-dock  and  cowflop  oats  in 
Eeport  Dev.  Prov.,  1889.— E.  F.  N." 

"  Footers  =  pedestrians.  In  May,  1893,  being  at  Prince- 
town,  I  asked  for  directions  to  get  to  Sheepstor,  and  I  was 
told  I  should  find  a  path  that  was  *used  by  the  footers 
when  they  come  up  over  from  Lowery.'     H.  B.  S.  W." 

**FousT  =  to  soil  or  befoul.  B.  P.  gives  me  the  following 
example  of  its  use :  *  He  'th  a-fousted  his  clothes  terrible.* — 
June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

Foust  in  Somerset  implies  bad  smelling,  or  a  stench.  See 
W.  S.  W.  B.  p.  268. 

**Ya  gurt  Fustilugs."  "A  buzzom-chuck'd  haggazing 
Moyle,  a  gurt  Fustilug."     Exmoor  Scolding,  11.  118,  502. 


ON  DEVONSEIBE  V£KBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  193 

"French  Furze.  A  name  given  to  ordinary  furze  to 
distinguish  it  from  dwarf  furze.  (Pron.  Vrench  fuz  or  vuz.) 
Informant,  T.  C,  farmer,  of  Hartland. 

"'For  fewell,  there  groweth  generally  in  all  parts  great 
store  of  furze,  of  which  the  shrubby  sort  is  called  tame,  the 
better  growne  French.'  Carew,  Survey  of  Cornwall,  p.  21. — 
June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

French  is  a  very  common  term  for  simply  foreign.  Com- 
pare Vrench-nits,  Vrench-beans,  Vrench-plums,  &c. 

Down  to  the  fifteenth  century  the  older  Teutonic  word 
Welsh  was  used. 

It  for  walsche  bord  and  plankys       .  .         .     xxxiii" 

XXX  zeme  of  bordys  xij^  the  zeme,  and  iij  zeme  of 
plangys  xij^  the  zeme 

paid  for  xij  seme  of  Walsche  bords  .  .         .         viii" 

1459  Church  War.  Accts,  Som.  Bee,  Soc.,  pp.  100,  119. 

"Frightened.  Merely  meaning  astonished.  'Her  was 
qnitQ  frightened  to  see  him,  he  was  so  much  better.'  Sailors 
wife,  about  40,  resident  of  Teignmouth. — Nov.  7th,  1888. 
W.  C.  L."     See  Eleventh  Report  Dev.  Prov. 

"  Gease.     See  Hairen."    See  also  W,  S.  W.  B.  p.  282. 

"GLiDDER  =  to  glaze  on  earthenware,  or  other  surfaces.  A 
Devonshire  doctor,  aged  about  40,  gives  me  the  example. 
'The  rawds  waz  all  to  a  glidder'  (from  frost).  Meaning 
confirmed  by  T.  C.  and  others.— June,  1892.     K.  P.  C." 

This  is  a  form  of  glitter, 

"  Goat.  This  is  the  term  usually  applied  to  the  process  of 
setting  up  loose  unbound  corn  in  the  tield,  a  *  cable '  or  band 
being  put  around  it  near  the  top.  It  is  frequently  employed 
in  wet,  '  catching '  weather,  instead  of  binding  and  setting  up 
in  'shocks.*  Informants,  T.  C.  and  others.  Example,  'I 
think  I  shell  goat  thucker  viel.'— June,  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

"  Good-a-Vriday  =  Good  Friday.  With  reference  to  some 
remark  of  mine,  the  Hartland  mail-driver,  aged  about  30, 
asked,  'Was  that  Good-a-Vriday,  zir?'  This  insertion  of  a 
is  very  common,  especially  in  place  names;  e.g.,  Larkaborough, 
Beckaborough,  Hennacliff,  Eastacott,  Tonacombe. — April, 
1893.     R.  P.  C." 

The  result  of  the  natural  dislike  or  disinclination  to  have 
to  sound  two  consonants  together,  such  as  d  and  v,  k  and  6, 
n  and  c,  &c.  This  is  common  throughout  the  West-country. 
In  Somerset,  however,  the  connecting  vowel  is  short,  e  or  y, 
instead  of  short  a  as  above.  My  house  is  always  "  Foxy- 
down." 


194:  THIBTEKKTH   REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

"  Gribqle  =  refuse  from  brack  when  made  into  lard.  '  It 
is  not  much  economy  to  buy  brack  instead  of  lard/  remarked 
my  cook,  a  native  of  Exeter,  aged  about  30, '  as  you  have  to 
allow  for  the  gribble,  beside  all  the  trouble  of  trying  it* 
When  I  inquired  the  meaning  of  this  new  word,  she  said 
Gribble  was  what  was  left  when  the  lard  was  tried  out  of 
the  brack,  and  it  was  good  for  nothing  but  to  make  into 
coarse  cakes,  by  rubbing  it  up  with  a  little  flour  and  frying 
it    These  are  called  grMle-cake8.—MeLy,  1892.     F.  B.  T." 

This  term  is  applied  to  a  variety  of  things  and  actions, 
but  in  all  it  seems  to  imply  refuse,  or  the  getting  rid  of  such. 
e.g.,  Gribble  =  a  wild  apple-tree,  also  an  immature  fallen 
apple ;  to  gribble  =  to  cut  off  the  matted  wool  and  ordure  so 
constantly  found  upon  folded  sheep. 

"  Gullet  =  a  gully  (?).  Two  or  three  orchards  at  Hartland, 
all  situated  in  gullies,  are  known  by  the  name  o{  gullet  orchet, 
—April,  1893.     R  P.  C." 

"  Hairen  =  made  of  hair.  In  explaining  to  me  the  harness 
of  pack-saddles,  T.  C.  said  that  '  a  hairen  gease '  completely 
encircled  the  body  of  the  animal.  This  peculiar  form  of 
gease  ( =  girth)  was  made  partly  of  hair  webbing  and  partly 
of  rope,  the  two  parts  respectively  passing  under  the  belly 
and  over  the  saddle  on  the  back.  The  gea^e  was  secured  at 
the  side  of  the  animal  by  wrapping  the  end  of  the  rope 
around  a  wooden  cross-piece  at  the  end  of  the  hair  webbing. 
For  ordinary  girths  the  word  gea^e  has  now  been  replaced  by 
^V-<.— June,  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

'•*  Heat-drops  =  large  drops  of  rain  at  the  beginning  of  a 
thunder-storm.  I  was  calling  the  attention  of  Anne  White, 
a  Bockbeare  woman,  to  a  heavy  shower  approaching,  and 
remarked,  '  There,  it  is  beginning  to  rain  ! '  *  Oh,  they  're 
nothing  but  heat-drops,  we  won*t  have  much  of  a  shower  !* 
she  replied.— August  26th,  1891.     F.  B.  T." 

"  HiDY  (or  Hidee)  =  hide.  *  He  (the  kitten)  is  coming  to 
hidy  away  from  me,  because  I  always  put  him  to  bed.*  Used 
by  a  domestic  servant,  between  20  and  30,  born  near 
Bampton,  North  Devon,  resident  now  in  Teignmouth. — 
July  4th,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 

Another  good  example  of  the  old  West-country  affix  to  the 
infinitive  mood  when  used  intransitively.  She  would  not 
have  thought  of  saying  "  to  hidy  the  kitten."  See  W.  S. 
Oram.  p.  49  ;  also  W.  S  W.  B.  p.  843. 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  195 

"  HiNNED.  From  advertisemeDt  in  North  Devon  Herald : 
'North  Devon  Infirmary.  Contract  for  Provisions,  &a 
jSee/*— Marrow-bone  pieces,  without  shins,  the  bone  to  be 
binned  out.'— March  18th,  1891.     R  P.  C." 

''Holm- SCREECH  =  mi8tle  thrush.  In  frequent  use  at 
Coryton,  1875.     E.  F.  N." 

Ang.-Sax.  holen,  aquifolium. 

Holme,  or  holy.     Ulmus,  hussus. — Promp.  Parv. 

Of  St.  Bernard,  Abbot  of  Clairvaux,  it  is  said  that  "he 
often  made  his  pottage  with  leues  of  holm." — Golden  Legend. 

Screech  needs  no  explanation  to  those  who  know  the  harsh 
note,  but  why  the  bird  should  be  so  associated  with  holly  is 
not  easily  determined. 

Its  connection  with  the  mistletoe  in  its  alternative  name 
is  founded,  according  to  Bewick,  on  the  superstition  that 
•*  the  golden  bough  "  was  only  propagated  by  seed  which  had 
passed  through  the  digestive  organs  of  this  bird. 

"  Hoop-PINS.  The  name  applied  to  the  two  pins  used  for 
securing  the  hal  of  a  Hmbem  zole  to  its  chip,  (Sometimes 
pronounced  hoo-pins.)  Informants,  B.  P.  and  T.  C.  See  my 
note  on  s^tll  in  The  Dialect  of  Hartland,  p.  75. — June,  1892. 
R  P.  C." 

"  To  Jewel.  As  a  verb,  meaning  to  have  a  great  regard 
for.  *  She  jewels  that  chair.*  Wife  of  a  gardener,  about  40-50, 
long  resident  (if  not  born)  in  Teignmouth.  This  form 
common.— September  13th,  1888.     W.  C.  L" 

"  KUTCH-PA WED  =  left  handed.  Labourer's  wife  at  Street, 
speaking  of  her  son,  said,  '  Ees,  he  be  terrible  'flicted  sure 
'nough,  he  be  kutch-pawed.'  Is  this  the  French  'gauche'? — 
1845.     E,F.  N." 

KiTTY-ROCK.    See  Black  Eam. 

"Ladv-day  Day  =  Lady-day.  A  gentleman,  aged  about 
60,  said  to  me :  *  Next  year  Easter  '11  fall  on  Lady-day  day.' 
This  expression  is  quite  common.  Lady-day  being  regarded  as 
a  season  or  period  of  the  year. — April,  1893.     K.  P.  C." 

The  use  of  day  for  season  is  very  common.  An  old  soldier 
used  always  to  complain  of  his  bad  luck,  "  'cause  I  was  bom 
'upon  the  wistest  day  in  the  year — the  rent 's  always  due  and 
the  money  never  idd'n  ready — 'pon  Lady-day  day  beyun'  all 
the  days  in  the  wordle ! " 

So  Michaelmas-day  day,  Christmas-day  day.  Midsummer- 
day  day,  &c.,  are  all  equally  common.     It  is  certain,  too,  that 


196  THIRTEENTH   REPORT   OF  THE   COMMITTEE 

the  expression  is  by  no  means  a  modern  one,  and  the  addition 
of  the  second  or  accented  day  proves  that  the  first  merely 
signifies  season  or  time,  while  the  second  identifies  the  SLctual 
date.     This  is  clearly  demonstrated  in  the  following : 

**  to  the  belle  yn  the  Wendesdaye  of  Wytsondaye 

tyme,  of  our  taveme  we  payede     .  .        .      xl* 

A.D.  1451,  Yatton  Ch,  War.  Ace. — Som.  Rec.  Soc.  p.  93. 

"  Lain  =  a  layer  or  stratum  (pron.  like  lane).  This  is  the 
usual  word,  as  in  the  sentence,  '  I  zim  I  'd  best  way  putt 
anether  lain  avore  I  begin  to  make'n  out  (t.e.,  to  form  the 
roof  portion — spoken  of  a  corn  stack).  See  also  example 
under  Raze.— April,  1893.     R  P.  C." 

This  is  of  course  layin  or  layer, 

"Lank,  used  habitually  for  the  groin,  t.«.,  the  inguinal 
region,  by  people  in  Teignmouth. — April  15th,  1892.  W.  C.  L." 

"  Lights  =  the  lungs.  At  Churchstanton  an  old  Somerset- 
shire woman,  very  bad,  when  asked  what  was  the  matter, 
said, '  I  don't  rif^htly  know,  but  they  du  say  as  it  *s  my  lights 
as  rises  up,  and  they  telled  I  that  if  I  took  and  swallered 
some  gunshot  the  heft  *ud  kep  em  down.' — April,  1892. 
A.  D.  T." 

Hal.  gives  this  as  a  dialect  word,  yet  it  is  in  Webster.  See 
W.  S.  W.  B.  p.  435. 

"  *  LiTLE  Wyevyn  Soon  da  ye.*  This  is  the  designation  of  a 
certain  Sunday  in  1538,  according  to  the  contemporary 
document  (relating  to  Devonshire)  quoted  on  page  82  of  a 
recently  published  book,  Odd  Ways  down  West  The  original 
states  that  a  certain  event  happened  on  the  *  Fridaye  byfore 
litle  Wyevyn  Soondaye,  some  twelvemonthes  *  prior  to  the 
1st  July,  1539. 

"  What  is  the  word  *  Wyevyn '  ?  and  what  Sunday  was 
meant?— May,  1893.     H.  H.  S.  W." 

Possibly  Little  Wifeing  Sunday.  Was  Mothering  or 
Mid-Lent  Sunday  ever  so  called  ? 

"  LiTTER-CUM-TOSS  =  a  litter  or  mess.  A  lady,  aged  about 
60,  told  me  she  had  frequently  heard  the  expression, '  What 
a  litter-cum-toss  you  are  making  ! '  Cf.  Eattle-cum-scour. 
—June,  1892.     E.  P.  C." 

"  Looking  from  under  Brent  Hill.  In  Notes  and  Qtceries, 
March  18th,  1893,  page  209,  S.  J.  A.  F.  quotes  this  phrase  as 
luiving  been  said  of  a  sullen,  frowning,  person. — H.  B.  S.  W." 


ON   DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIAXISMS.  197 

"  LuMPOUS  or  LuMPUS.  I  have  frequently  heard  this  word 
used  as  an  adverb — 'He  fell  lumpous';  i.e.,  heavily,  like  a 
dead  lump.  But  the  wife  of  a  cooper,  about  40  to  50  years 
of  age,  a  resident  in  Teignmouth,  describing  to  me  the  fall  of 
her  husband  in  the  next  room  to  her,  said,  '  I  heard  a  lumpus.' 
—May  14th,  1888.     W.  C.  L." 

The  words  above  used  are  entirely  different  in  meaning. 
Lumpous  is  an  adverb,  denoting  lump-like ;  while  lumptis,  as 
a  noun,  is  the  same  as  rumpus.  Many  people  use  I  and  r 
as  interchangeable.  Upon  their  close  connection  see  Skeat's 
Etymology,  p.  694,  s.u  Waller. 

"Martin.  B.  P.  informs  me  that  twin  calves  of  diflferent 
sexes  are  spoken  of  as  mate  and  martin,  and  that  the  female 
is  sometimes  called  a  free  martin-heifer  (pron.  yafter). — 
June,  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

See  W,  S.  W.  B.  p.  463. 

"  Masterpiece  =  something  extraordinarily  large  or  fine — 
not  in  art,  but  in  nature.  A  rat-hunt  with  ferrets  was  taking 
place  in  the  pound-house,  when  an  enormous  rat  was  turned 
out  '  He  be  a  masterpiece  !  *  exclaimed  Bill  Baker,  a  native 
of  Rockbeare,  aged  22.  After  the  animal  was  despatched, 
they  all  gathered  around  to  admire,  when  George  Pollard, 
also  a  Eockbeare  native,  aged  18,  said,  *He  were  a  master- 
piece !  *  I  have  since  heard  the  word  used  in  the  same  sense, 
and  find  it  is  quite  familiar  to  the  other  Devonshire-born 
servants.— January,  1892.     F.  B.  T." 

"  Confusion  now  hath  made  his  masterpiece  I " 

-^Macbeth,  act  ii.  sc.  3. 

"  Merry-mqkus  =  America  (?).  An  equivalent  to  Jericho, 
Putney,  Bath,  &c.,  in  such  sentences  as  *  I  '11  draive  thee  to 
Merry-mokus  eef  thee  kip's  on  terrifyin'  (=  annoying, 
worrying)  me  zo/     Informant,  B.  P. — June,  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

"  MUMP-HEADED  =  stupid,  thick-headcd.  *  Yer  mump-headed 
fool.*  Used  by  keeper  to  dog  at  Churchstanton. — April, 
1892.     A.  D.  T." 

Very  common  abusive  epithet. 

"  MussEL-CLUMBS.  Advertisement  in  North  Devon  Herald: 
'Two  fishing-boats,  nets,  mussel-clumbs,  and  other  fishing- 
tackle.'  To  be  sold  by  auction  at  West  Appledore,  Nov.  18th, 
1890.     R.  P.  C." 

**Natur'  Fool  =  a  natural,  an  idiot  (ncUnr*  rhymes  with 
crater).  A  servant  girl,  aged  about  16,  being  shown  how  to 
do  some  simple  operation,  exclaimed,  'Think  Anybody's  a 


198  THIRT£ENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

natur'  fule  then?'  'Anybody'  is  frequently  used  in  this 
way,  meaning  « I.'— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"Anybody"  is  the  common  impersonal  pronoun,  corres- 
ponding to  "  one  "  in  lit.  EnglisL 

"  Anybody  mid  so  well  be  transported."  "  Anybody  wid  'n 
never  believe  it."  "  A  drap  o'  cider  'd  do  anybody  a  sight  o' 
gude ;  this  yer  doust  makth  anybody  zo  dry 's  a  lime  kill." 

See  TT.  Som.  Grammar,  pp.  38,  39. 

"  Neighbour,  as  a  verb.  Speaking  of  her  mother,  a  servant 
maid,  aged  about  20,  residing  near  Okehampton,  but  now 
at  Teignmouth,  said,  '  She  is  not  one  that  neighbours  with 
any  one.'— Dec.  9th,  1892.     W.  C.  L." 

Very  common  in  the  sense  of  to  gossip,  or  to  gad  about 
to  neighbour's  houses. 

See  W.  S.  m  B.  p.  506. 

"  Ooze  =*  noose  or  slip  knot  In  Hemyock  parish,  keeper's 
son,  about  26,  speaking  of  a  small  strap  as  too  large  for  a 
ferret,  said,  *  Mus'  mak'  a  ooze  tother  eend  o*  the  coard.' — 
Feb.  8th,  1893.     F.  T.  E." 

"  Out  SHELLS  ^  the  outside  slabs  of  wood,  sawn  on  one  side 
Only.  In  answer  to  my  query  about  the  curious  appearance 
of  a  fence,  T.  C.  said,  *  Yes;  it  is  made  of  out-shills,  I  expect' 
— See  query  under  Ouchils,  W.  S,  W.  B,  April,  1893. 
R.  P.  C.'^ 

" Overlash  =» interfere.  'Is  that  horse's  shoe  loose?'  I 
asked  the  coachman.  *  No,  ma'am ;  he  only  seems  to  over- 
lash  a  bit'  On  inquiry  I  found  he  meant  that  the  horse 
struck  the  heel  of  his  fore  foot  with  the  toe  of  his  hind  foot 
—April,  1892.     F.  B.  T." 

This  word  does  not  mean  to  interfere,  but  to  exaggerate. 
The  well-known  technical  use  given  above  means  therefore 
"  to  heap  up,"  or  overdo,  the  step  of  the  horse's  hind  leg,  by 
which  he  strikes  the  fore  foot  in  the  way  commonly  known 
as  overlashing.  Neither  Hal.,  the  Dictionaries,  nor  the 
Dialect  Glossaries  have  this  word  at  present. 

"  Pangers  =  panniers  (rhymes  with  hangers).  T.  C.  in- 
forms me  that  in  the  time  of  pack-horses  the  following 
expressive  sajdng  was  so  common  as  to  be  almost  proverbial : 
'  He  'th  a-got  no  more  manners  than  a  boss  an'  pair  of 
pangers.'  Of  course,  the  saying  has  now  lost  its  significance, 
and  has  almost  become  obsolete. — June,  1892.     E.  P.  C." 

In  Somerset  the  phrase  is  simply  "  horse  and  crooks."  For 
full  note  see  W.  S.  W.  B.  p.  170. 


ON   DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  199 

"  Patted  in.  Spoken  of  a  rash  on  the  skin  that  has  dis- 
appeared before  its  time.  Used  often  to  me  by  a  nurse  about 
70,  bom  and  resident  in  Teignmouth. — March  31st,  1888. 
W.  C.  L." 

•'  Parson's  fool  (pron.  pa3on*s  fule).  A  farmer's  wife, 
aged  about  60,  gives  me  the  proverbial  saying :  "  Like  the 
pason's  fule — likes  iv'rything  ot's  gude.* — June,  1892.  RP.C." 

"  Pig's-looze  (pron.  peg's-looze).  T.  C.  informs  me  that 
this  is  only  applied  to  an  open  pigsty,  or  a  shelter  for  pigs. 
The  ordinary  closed  pigsty  is  always  called  peg^s-ouze.  (See 
W.  S.  W.  B,  p.  569.)  Cf.  Sand-lews,  Dial,  of  Hart- 
land,  p.  66.— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"  PiPPERS  =  feet,  trotters.  T.  C,  Hartland  farmer,  about 
65,  reports  the  following  conversation  : 

*  Hev  'ee  zeed  ort  o'  my  jackass  V 

Ans.  *  Ees.  I  zeed  *n  voar  tap  turnpike  walvin'  in  the 
dist  wai'  hees  vower  pippers  in  een.* — June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

For  the  phrase  in  een,  i,e,  on  end,  see  W,  S.  W.  B.  p.  232. 
8.V.  End. 

•* Pit  =  grave.  As  examples  of  the  use  of  the  word  'pit' 
in  this  sense  I  take  the  following  extracts  from  the  Hartland 
Church  Accounts,  1610-12 : 

Item  receaued  of  the  executor  of  W™  Darke  for 
the  pitt  mony  of  the  said  william  being 
buried  in  the  Church  .  .         .    vj"  viij* 

Item  receaved  of  John  Heard  for  his  wines  Pitt 

mony  being  buried  in  the  Church         .         .    vj*  viij** 
—April,  1893.     R  P.  C." 

The  use  of  pit  as  a  place  of  interment  is  of  much  older 
date  than  the  above ;  but  it  is  suggested  that  it  implied  a 
vault  or  space  to  be  left  unfilled — as  in  the  case  of  a  well 
(see  Eleventh  Report  Dev.  Prov.) — rather  than  a  common 
grave.  The  above  entries  at  Hartland  in  1610,  being  for 
burials  within  the  church,  seem  to  confirm  this  view.  More- 
over, the  charge  seems  to  have  been  a  general  one.  65.  8rf., 
or  a  noble,  was  evidently  the  regular  price  for  a  vault,  and  had 
been  so  for  over  a  hundred  years  at  the  least.  The  following 
entries  show  that  "a  grave*'  was  charged  exactly  one-half  the 
sum  for  "  a  pytt."  The  first  two  entries,  being  consecutive, 
bring  out  this  point  strongly : 

Rec.  of  .  . .  Alsun  Sugar  for  her  pytt  .         .    vi"  viii^ 

Rec.  of  Mr.  John  Maudlin  for  a  grave  .     iii"  iiii^ 


200  THIRTEENTH  REPOKT  OF  THE   COMMITTEE 

Eec.  of  my  lady  Mayow  a  gold  ryng  to  our  lady, 

and  a  nobule  for  her  pytt. 
1496.     Croscombe  Ch.  War.  Ace. — Som,  Rec.  Soc,  pp.  21-23. 

Further  evidence  that  pit  meant  vault,  not  grave,  is  given 
in  the  following,  inasmuch  as  a  grave  requires  no  paving : 

Payd  for  pavyng  of  Harye  Organ's  pytt      .         .  iiij* 

1608.    Yatton  Ch,  War,  Ace, — Som.  Rec.  Soc.  p.  129. 

On  the  other  hand,  R.  P.  C.  writes,  "Pit  is  not  used  in  the 
Hartland  Church  Accounts  to  mean  a  more  expensive  tomb 
or  vault  than  grave.  There  were  two  charges  for  graves  in 
the  church — Qs,  Sd.  for  ordinary  graves,  and  10s.  if  a  tomb- 
stone were  placed  over  it.  In  the  earlier  entries  both  pits 
and  graves  were  charged  65.  Sd. ;  and  the  terms  are  apparently 
used  indiscriminately,  except  that  when  the  money  is  spoken 
of  it  is  called  Pitt  viony,  but  the  pit  or  grave  itself  is  always 
called  grave.    The  only  10s.  entry  is  for  a  grave." 

**  Pitch  =  to  sit  down.  '  Plaze-to  pitch,  ma'am.'  Labourer's 
wife,  aged  40  to  50,  to  Rector's  wife,  at  Coryton. — 1851. 
E.  F.  N." 

**  Platter-Footed  =  sprawls,  straddles,  splay-footed  (?).  I 
was  anxious  about  some  young  ducks,  but  was  reassured  by 
the  coachman,  who  said,  *  They  '11  do  all  right  if  they  don't 
get  platter-footed.'  I  repeated  his  remark  to  nurse,  asking 
what  he  meant.  '  Oh,  he  means  that  they  may  get  the 
sprawls!  Soon  after,  in  talking  to  the  cook  about  the  ducks, 
I  mentioned  this  calamity  which  was  to  be  dreaded  fot  them. 
'Why,  I  always  heard  it  called  the  straddles!  As  far  as  I 
can  gather  it  is  a  weakness  of  the  spine  which  aflfects  the 
legs  of  young  ducks,  causing  them  to  straddle  or  sprawl 
about  Halliwell  gives  plat-footed  for  splay-footed. — March, 
1892.     F.  B.  T." 

These  words  are  all  very  common :  both  plat  and  platter- 
footed  are  used  in  Somerset  in  description  of  persons  as  well 
as  ducks.  It  has  often  been  remarked  that  the  popular 
names  of  diseases  of  man  and  beast  are  nearly  always 
plural;  e.^.,  measles,  small-pox,  staggers,  strangles,  gripes, 
megrims,  &c. 

"  Plum  =  pleasant,  agreeable,  mellow.  At  Churchstanton 
an  old  woman  said,  'The  soup  wer'  nice  and  plum  to  her 
stummick.'— April,  1892.     A.  D.  T." 

This  word  has  appeared  several  times  before,  but  not 
precisely  in  the  above  sense. 


OK  DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  201 

"  Points.  '  Nuts,  points,  and  farthings  to  be  scrambled  for 
on  Perambulation  Day/  What  are  points  ? — December, 
1890.     R  P.  C." 

Staylaces.  Point  is  a  name  sometimes  given  to  a  tag  lace ; 
once  applied  to  laces  themselves,  e.g., 

"Fal.     Their  points  being  broken. 

'^Prin^e  Hen,  Down  fell  their  hose." — Henry  /F.,  act  ii. 
scene  4. 

'*  Upon  mine  honour,  for  a  silken  point 
I  '11  give  my  barony." — 2  Henry  IV,,  act  i.  scene  1. 

Constantly  used  by  Shakespeare. 

"PoRE  =  a  state  of  agitation,  pother,  stew,  fuss  (B.  P.) 
Pron.  paur^  Example :  "  I  nivver  did  zee  a  chap  in  zich  a 
pore  (fume).— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"  Presture  for  pressure  (inserting  t).  *  There  seems  such 
a  presture  here.'  An  upholstress  of  about  50-60  years  old, 
long  resident  in  Teignmouth. — August  8th,  1888.    W.  C.  L." 

"PR00FY  =  rich  in  fattening  qualities.  I  take  the  follow- 
ing illustration  of  the  use  of  this  word  from  an  advertisement 
in  the  North  Devon  Herald  of  16th  March,  1893 :  *  Messrs. 
Slee  &  Son  will  let  by  auction,  on  Saturday  next,  March 
18th,  the  luxuriant  grass  of  Town  Park,  Torrington,  about 
23  acres,  until  1st  February,  1894.  The  town  sewage  is 
constantly  used  on  the  park.  The  grass  is  plentiful  and 
very  proofy,  with  constant  supply  of  water.' — R  P.  C." 

Used  very  commonly  to  describe  animals,  soil,  and  crops. 
"Very  proofy  lot  o' sheep."  "Proofy  piece  o'groun'."  See 
W,  S.  W.  B.  p.  593. 

•*  Proverbial  Expression  :  '  A  dry  March  never  begged 
his  bread.'  Quoted  to  me  by  a  labourer  more  than  75  years 
old,  resident,  and,  I  believe,  born  in  Teignmouth. — March 
30th,  1892.     W.  C.  L." 

"  PuRT  =  faded  or  decayed.  B.  P.  tells  me  this  word  is 
frequently  applied  to  the  tops  of  diseased  potatoes,  as  in  the 
sentence:  "My  tetties  be  a-go  purt."  Perhaps  this  is  merely 
a  figurative  use  of  the  word  purt^  which  usually  means 
sullen,  glum.  (See  Dialect  of  Hartland,  p.  63). — June,  1892. 
R  P.  C." 

"  Ragget  >=  to  *  rag,'  i.e.  to  tear  into  rags,  to  beat  about. 
B.  P.  said  to  me :  *  The  win'  's  raggetin'  the  gearden  things 
about  moas'  turrible.'  The  word  is  also  used  as  an  adjective, 
meaning  ragged.  *  My  smock's  a-got  cruel  raggety,  I  sim.' — 
June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

VOL.    XXV.  0 


202  THIRTEENTH   REFOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

"  Battle-cum-sgour  ==  at  a  great  rate  and  making  a  great 
noise.  £.  P.,  speaking  of  a  man  riding  very  fast,  said,  '  A 
kom*d  down  the  rawd  rattle-cum-scour.'  Cf.  Litter-cum- 
T088.— June,  1892.     K.  P.  C." 

In  Somerset  the  usual  phrase  is  "  Battle-to-rip." 

"  Baze  =  a  row  or  tier  (?  =  race).  In  describing  to  me  the 
method  of  making  a  'neck'  for  the  ceremony  of  crying  the 
neck,  B.  P.  said,  'You  kin  then  raze  it  roun*  wai'  bits  o* 
ribbon/  meaning  that  ribbons  could  be  tied  around  it  at 
intervals.  He  also  told  me  that  the  word  is  frequently  used 
to  indicate  a  course  of  masonry,  as  in  the  sentence:  'Us  on'y 
want  a  raze  or  two  more  avore  us  kom  to  the  copin'  lain 
(layer).'— June.  1892.     B.  P.  C." 

The  word  race  is  commonly  applied  to  a  course  in  build- 
ing, hence  a  row  or  layer  of  anything. 

Hal.  however  gives  "Bace,  a  string,  Dev.'\  which  is  ap- 
parently the  meaning  in  the  above. 

"  Bight- VORB  Bread  =  bread  prepared  from  meal  from 
which  the  bran  only  has  been  extracted.  In  local  grinding 
there  are  usually  two  qualities  of  flour,  called  flour  and  meal 
respectively,  but  in  grinding  *  right  vore*  these  are  not 
separated.     *  Whole  meal  *  contains  the  bran  as  well.  (T.  C.) 

"  Halliwell  and  Wright  have  '  Vurrid-brid  =  Household 
bread  made  of  meal  from  which  the  bran  has  not  been  taken. 
— Devon.*  I  do  not  think  this  is  correct. — June,  1892. 
E.  P.  C." 

"BOACH  =  a  tangled  mass,  a  thickly-spotted  surface.  A 
tradesman's  wife,  aged  about  60,  was  heard  to  say,  'The 
gearden's  all  to  a  roach,*  meaning  that  it  was  matted  with 
weeds.  (See  also  Clitter.)  T.  C.  informs  me  that  the  word  is 
sometimes  applied  to  a  rash,  or  to  small  pimples  on  a  person's 
skin ;  e.g.,  'The  poor  chill's  face  was  all  to  a  roach.'  Another 
example  is,  'The  stroil  (couch-grass)  is  all  to  a  roach'  (t.e., 
thickly  matted  together).— June,  1892,     B.  P.  C." 

Hal,,  "  A  rash  or  thick  scorbutic  eruption  on  the  skin." 

"BoAD-AXE  =  a  piece  of  wood  for  retaining  the  body  of  a 
special  form  of  *butt'  upon  its  frame.  (Pronounced  raud-ex.) 
T.  C.  informs  me  that  in  the  old  form  of  butts,  known  as 
'  road-axe  butts,'  the  body  was  quite  loose  upon  the  frame, 
and  detachable  from  it,  and  that  the  '  tripping '  was  effected 
by  means  of  *  trip-chains.'  I  believe  this  form  is  now  quite 
obsolete.— June,  1892.    R  P.  C." 


ON   DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL   PROVINCIALISMS.  203 

*'EoUND-YAWiNG  =  the  System  of  reapiqg  with  sickles 
(called  reap'hooks)  by  men,  in  contra-distinction  to  hand- 
creeping,  the  system  practised  by  women.  (See  Dialect  of 
Hartlaiid,  p.  49.)  (Pron.  roun'-yawin'.)  T.  C.  thinks  that 
the  literal  meaning  of  this  is  Sound-hewing,  from  the  manner 
in  which  the  reaper  works  in  a  circle  to  form  each  sheaf. — 
April,  1893.     R  P.  C." 

Another  example  of  the  change  of  initial  h  into  y.  (See 
Yestle.) 

To  hew  is  always  pronounced  in  Somerset  precisely  the 
same  as  ewe,  t.e.,  yoe.  No  doubt  in  North  Devon  both  take 
the  broader  sound  yaw^  as  in  knaw  for  know. 

"  S.  Is  the  omission  of  *s'  before  a  consonant  a  provincial- 
ism? Our  coachman,  a  native  of  Whimple,  aged  60,  on  two 
occasions,  within  a  few  days  of  each  other,  used  the  words 
*  quat '  and  '  werved.'  Referring  to  a  pheasant  squatting  in  a 
corner,  'She  is  there  qvxtt,  and  'The  horse  werved  right  to  one 
side,'  meaning  swerved. — Aug.,  1891.     F.  B.  T." 

Both  the  omission  and  the  addition  of  initial  s  are  very 
common,  more  especially  the  latter,  as  in  scrawl,  snotch,  snip, 
sjAat,  f  quinsy,  squitch,  for  crawl,  notch,  &c.,  and  are  certainly 
provincial,  though  found  in  most  provinces.  The  most 
familiar  omissions  of  s  are  in  Tawdry  and  Tantony  for  St, 
Audrey  and  St.  Anthony.     Quat  is  used  in  several  senses. 

See  W.  S.  W.  B.  p.  603. 

"  Scat  =  to  splash,  to  bespatter.  The  following  was  spoken 
in  Holborn  a  few  months  ago  on  a  muddy  day:  *Missus,  how 
you  do  scat  yersel' !  Lor'  a  massey  me,  if  idden  a  Devonshee 
man  in  Lunnen  I'— Jan.  20,  1892.     A.  S." 

See  W,  S.  W.  B.  pp.  496,  647. 

"SfcBASTOPOL  Daisy  =  the  local  name  of  the  plant  Lim- 
nanthes  JDouf/lam,  Identified  by  Robert  Holland,  Esq., 
Frodsham,  Warrington.— August,  1892.     11.  P.  C." 

This  is  clearly  a  modern  invention  without  the  redeeming 
quality  of  truth,  the  Limnanthes  D.  having  been  introduced 
from  California. 

"  Shab  =  to  sneak  off,  to  run  away.  B.  P.  said,  *  I  zeed  'n 
(a  dog)  go  shabby  away  'ome."— June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"  Shoes  and  Stockings  =  Linaria  vulgaris.  On  seeing  the 
Linaria  vulgai^  in  blossom  I  exclaimed,  'There  is  the  first 
"  Butter  and  Eggs "  I  have  seen !  *  calling  it  by  the  name 
most  familiar  to  me.     Nurse,  Cornish  by  birth,   but  long 

o  2 


204  THIRTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

resident  in  Exeter,  aged  35,  looked  surprised,  so  I  asked 
what  she  called  the  flower.  She  replied,  '  We  always  call  it 
" Shoes  and  Stockings'''  Dr.  Prior  does  not  give  this  name  in 
his  PopiUar  Names  of  British  Plants. — Aug.,  1891.    F.  B.  T." 

There  is  great  confusion  in  the  names  of  plants.  Every 
common  flower  has  quite  a  dozen  names,  while  ignorant 
people  constantly  apply  each  of  those  names  to  many  different 
flowers. 

Britten  (Bng.  Plant  Names,  Eng.  Dial.  Soc.)  gives  the 
name  Shoes  and  Stockings  to  Lotus  cornicidatus  in  about  half 
a  dozen  counties,  also  to  Lathyrtis  nissolia  and  to  Cardamine 
pratensis^  but  not  to  any  kind  of  Linaria. 

On  the  other  hand  he  gives  no  less  than  twenty-three 
different  names  for  Unaria  vulgaris. 

"SKUTE  =  a  small  reward,  a  'tip.*  T.  C.  gives  me  the 
example  '  I  'd  gie  the  chill  a  small  skute  vor  gwain'  th' 
arrant.'— June,  1892.     E.  P.  C." 

Halliwell  and  Wright:  "Scute,  a  present  of  money/* 
Devon,     "  A  reward,  a  gift,'*  Dorset. 

Barnes  {Dorset  Glossary) :  "  Scute,  a  reward,  pay,  scot.*' 

"  Spill.  In  some  parish  accounts  I  find  this  entry : 
'  1549-50.  Item  ffor  the  spyll  of  the  Cros  yn  the  Churche- 
yerde  xij**.'  I  do  not  find  in  books  that  spill  is  applied  to 
anything  large,  the  nearest  meaning  is  '  a  stalk,'  particularly 
one  that  is  straight.'  (Halliwell  assigns  this  to  Somerset)  I 
apprehend  that  the  spill  in  the  above  transcript  was  simply 
intended  for  the  upright  limb  of  the  cross — is  this  correct  ? — 
March  5th,  1892.    T.  N.  B." 

This  must  be  so  in  this  case,  but  had  not  so  considerable  a 
sum  as  xii*^  been  charged  for  it,  one  would  have  believed  the 
spill  to  have  been  an  iron  spindle  inserted  in  the  stone  to 
fix  the  shaft  upon  its  base.    See  W.  S.  W.  B.  p.  699. 

Sprawls.     See  Platter-Footed. 

"Squilving-ground  =  sideling  or  steep  ground.  (Pron. 
squilvin'-groun').  The  name  given  to  land  which  slants 
rapidly  towards  the  sea  at  the  edge  of  cliffs  (T.  C).  B.  P. 
says  this  is  also  called  wheeling-ground  (pron.  wailin'-groun'). 
—June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

"STiLB  =  a  trench  or  gutter  formed  at  the  back  of  old 
'  shippens '  (cowhouses)  to  receive  the  excrement.  T.  C, 
speaking  of  improvements  in  farm  buildings,  said  to  me  : 
'  The  old  shippens  used  to  have  stiles  into  which  a  cow  could 
put  her  leg  up  to  the  hock.'— April,  1893.     R  P.  C." 


ON   DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIAXISMS.  205 

Straddles.    See  Platter-footed.    See  W.  S.  W.  £.,  p.  719. 

"  Straume  (aa  in  straw)  or  Strome,  a  verb.  "  I  aim  t*wull 
be  wet,  fo'  the  sun  be  a  straumin*  up  th'  (h)element8.*  A 
labourer's  wife,  aged  40-50,  born  and  living  at  Coryton, 
about  1875.     See  Report  Dev.  Prov.,  1889.— E.  F.  N." 

This  implies  the  strames  or  streaks  seen  when  the  sun  is 
said  to  be  *  drawing  water.' 

"  Tanterboming.  I  have  just  lately  had  a  confirmation  of 
this  word.  A  Mr.  Bidgood,  a  clerk,  who  is  a  native  of 
Tiverton,  says  it  is  in  common  use  there  at  this  present  time 
among  the  middle  and  lower  classes,  and  is  applied  to  any- 
thing which  happens  to  be  faulty,  or  in  any  way  not  as  it 
should  be.  He  says  he  has  never  seen  it  written  or  in  print, 
but  from  its  general  pronunciation  he  would  spell  it  as 
follows  if  he  had  to  write  it,  Tantaboming, — March  21st, 
1893.     A.  S."    See  Eleventh  Rep.  Dev.  Prov. 

"  Ting-tang  is  certainly  a  provincialism,  nevertheless  it  is 
a  very  un/requent  word  in  glossaries,  nor  have  I  found  it 
assigned  to  Devon.  Yet  there  is  a  field  called  *  Ting-tang  field 
in  the  parish  of  East  Budleigh.— March  5th,  1892.   T.  K  B." 

Ting-tang  is  the  common  term  for  a  little  bell,  possibly  the 
old  "  sacryng-bell,"  just  as  ding-dong  or  bim-bom  are  used  to 
imply  a  heavy,  deep-sounding  bell. 

Is  the  field  adjoining  the  church  ?  If  so,  the  name  is 
accounted  for. 

"As  they  entered  the  porch  Mr.  Reed,  who  stood  solemnly 
tolling  the  small  bell,  popularly  nicknamed  the  *  ting-tang ' 
....  vouchsafed  John  a  smUe  of  recognition."  (Marion 
Crawford,  Tale  of  a  Lonely  Parish^  1891,  p.  109.) 

"Trim-tram.  In  Dyer's  Church-lore  Gleanings  (1891)  is 
the  following  at  p.  153  :  *  In  some  parts  of  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall, where  lich-gates  mostly  prevail,  they  have  long  been 
known  as  "  trim-trams,"  a  term  which  it  has  been  suggested 
(Notes  and  Queries,  3rd  s.,  iii.  29)  may  be  a  corruption  of 
"trim-train,"  i.e.,  the  halting-place  at  the  entrance  of  the 
churchyard  where  the  train  .  .  .  might  be  "  trimmed,  or  duly 
adjusted,"  &c.'— March  5th,  1892.     T.  N.  B." 

Skeat  says  traw.  is  an  old  northern  word  for  a  coal  waggon, 
especially  such  as  run  upon  rails.  He  also  asserts  that  the 
word  is  Scandinavian. 

The  term  dram  or  ^ram-road  was,  however,  used  in  an  Act 
of  Parliament  relating  to  South  Wales  so  long  ago  as  1794, 
showing  that  then  it  had  become  the  common  name  there. 


206  THIRTEENTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

The  original  sense  "  is  clearly  a  beam  or  bit  of  cut  wood, 
hence  a  shaft  of  a  sledge  or  cart,  or  even  the  sledge  itself." 
From  this  it  would  seem  that  we  have  in  this  another  true 
Scandinavian  word  here  in  the  south-west,  and  that  the  bier 
or  possibly  the  hearse  is  implied  in  the  name  tram,  which 
had  to  stop  at  the  lich-gate  to  be  trimmed  or  arranged  before 
the  corpse  was  taken  into  the  churchyard ;  consequently  there 
is  no  sort  of  connection  with  the  French  train. 

Tram  being  the  principal  word,  it  is  most  likely  that  trim 
came  to  be  used  to  qualify  it  as  being  not  only  expressive 
but  alliterative. 

**  Troacher  (at  Hartland)  =  a  higgler,  one  who  buys  butter, 
etc.,  direct  from  the  farmers  to  sell  again  in  the  market. 
Informant,  T.  C.  Halliwell  and  Wright  give  'troacher,  a 
dealer  in  smuggled  goods.' — June,  1892.     E.  P.  C." 

Most  likely  in  a  place  like  Hartland  the  last  generation 
were  not  careful  to  enquire  if  their  commodities  were  "  duty 
paid,"  and  as  it  is  probable  that  the  greater  part  of  what  was 
sold  was  smuggled,  the  word  has  come  to  be  used  for  dealers 
in  general. 

"Unstinted.  In  the  Ncn'th  Devon  Herald,  of  6th  June, 
1891,  occurs  an  advertisement  of  sale  of  'West-country  Inn,' 
Hartland,  with  the  following  interesting  sentence :  '  There  is 
an  unstinted  right  of  Common  of  pasturage  and  turbary  appur- 
tenant to  the  property  on  Bursdon  Moor,  extending  over 
about  400  acres.'  The  precise  signification  of  this  word 
unstinted  will  be  seen  on  referring  to  my  note  on  stent. 
Wright  gives  'Stint,  a  limited  number  of  cattle  gaits  in 
common  pasture.  Craven' ;  and  'Stent,  right  of  pasture. 
North:— R,  P.  C." 

Mr.  Chope's  note  (Dialect  of  Hartland,  Eng,  Dial,  Soc, 
p.  74)  says,  "The  limit  of  right  of  pasturage  for  any  one 
farm  on  a  common."  The  word  has  acquired  a  provincial  and 
'technical  sense  in  various  localities  (see  West  Som,  Word 
Book,  p..715 ;  also  Hal.),  but  in  all  cases  its  original  meaning 
is  implied,  viz.,  to  limit,  to  restrain.  The  peculiarity  is  that 
the  restraint  has  been  transferred  to  the  act  or  thing 
restrained,  and  hence  a  "stint"  iu  one  place  means  an 
allowance  of  pasture,  in  another  an  allowance  of  work. 

Aug.  Sax.,  styntan.  (Skeat.) 

Promp,  Parv.,  styntynge,  or  lesynge.    Paicsacio  descistencia. 

Stint  and  stunt  are  very  closely  allied,  and  were  originally 
identical.  The  latter  has,  however,  become  limited  in 
application  to  growth  or  development. 


ON   DEVONSHIRE   VERBAL   PROVINCIALISMS.  207 

"  Yen  =  mud,  fen.     B.  P.  gives  me  the  proverb : 

*  Eef  the  cock  mout*th  avore  the  hen, 

There  '11  be  nort  else  seps  (except)  mud  an*  ven ; 
Eef  the  hen  mout'th  avore  the  cock, 
The  groun'  '11  be  so  hard 's  a  rock.' 

"  This  seems  to  be  a  much  better  fonn  than  that  given  in 
Bohns  Proverbs,  p.  35  : 

*  If  the  cock  moult  before  the  hen, 

We  shall  have  weather  thick  and  thin ; 
But  if  the  hen  moult  before  the  cock. 
We  shall  have  weather  hard  as  a  block.' 

"  Although  '  Ven '  is  very  common  on  Dartmoor,  meaning 
a  fen  or  bog,  and  frequently  occurs  as  a  place-uame  through- 
out Devonshire,  I  have  only  heard  it,  except  in  the  above 
proverb,  in  combination  with  other  words,  as  Ven-scrape  (a 
mud-scraper),  and  Ven-cock  (the  water-rail).  See  Dialed  of 
HaHland,  p.  81.— June,  1892.     R.  P.  C." 

Ang.-Sax./en  =  a  morass,  a  bog. 

Hec.  labina,  Ang<^,  a  fenne. —  Wright's  Vocdb.  797,  10 
(Wtilcker). 

"  Makyng  ful  gret  sorwe 
For  heore  lordis  and  for  heore  kyn, 
That  laien  ye  slayn  in  the  fen!* 
Weber's  Metrical  Romances,  Kyng  Alisaunder,  1.  3963. 

Way  {Promp.  Parv.  p.  154)  says,  **  Fenn  has  occasionally, 
as  the  Ang.-Sax,  fen,  the  abstract  signification  of  mire,"  He 
then  quotes  from  Vegecius :  "  Ye  ben  worthy,  he  saide,  to  be 
blottede  and  spottede,  fnclede  and  defouled  with  fenne  and  with 
drit  of  ivater  and  of  Mode." 

The  modem  repetition  "  mud  and  ven  "  is  well  matched 
here  by  the  mediaeval  *'  foulede  and  defoulede,"  &c. 

"Vewer  Cow  =  lease  cow  or  barrener.  T.  C.  informs  me 
this  is  still  in  use.  The  following  extract  is  from  a  paper  on 
The  ancient  customs,  order,  and  manner  of  the  payment  of 
tythes,  1597,  quoted  in  Watkins'  History  of  Bideford,  1792: 
'The  parishioners  did  always  pay  att  Easter,  as  parcell  of 
their  Easter  duties  or  offerings  ...  for  every  cow  giving 
milk,  not  being  a  vewer  cow,  a  penny ;  for  every  vewer  cow 
one  halt-penny.'  As  an  explanatory  foot-note  is  given  in 
Watkins'  book,  it  appears  that  the  term  was  not  in  general 
use  even  in  1792.  The  usual  name  at  present  is  Mease  cow* 
(pron.  laize- cow).— 1892.     K.  P.  C." 

This  may  belong  to  much  earlier  times.     Possibly  vewer- 


208  THIRTEENTH   REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

COW  was  a  local  term  for  what  was  elsewhere  known  as  a 
Church-cow ;  i.«.,  one  of  those  let  out  by  the  churchwardens 
upon  an  annual  rent  In  some  parishes  there  were  special 
wardens,  called  Key-wardens,  to  look  after  the  parish  cows. 
Hence  it  is  a  suggestion  that  vewer  might  mean  viewer;  i.e., 
one  liable  to  be  viewed  or  inspected  as  public  property. 
Each  cow  had  a  surety — "  borow  "  or  "  pledge  " — to  certify  to 
his  good  treatment." 

"Eic.   Sergeant  and  Willyam   Canard,  Wardens  of  the 

Churche  Key,  the  a  compte  for  iij  yers." 
Firstefar  the  hyr  of  vj  Key  ij  ere        .  .         .       xij* 

Of  this  sm,  provided  a  cowe  more  except  vi'^  db. 
The  names  of  them  that  hath  the  key  to  hyr  wt  ther 

borows  and  plegge. 

Fyrst  John  Elynsj  cowe. 

Item  John  Dunkeston  a  cowe  plegge  Johan  Baron,  followed 

by  a  list  of  other  names  and  sureties. 

1512.     Ch.  War.  Acc.—Som.  Bee.  Soc.  p.  49,  63. 

"VoMP  =  to  patch  or  renew.  B.  P.  gives  me  the  following 
curious  use  of  this  word :  *  Vomp  the  tay-pot '  =  put  in  fresh 
tea.  (See  Dialect  of  Hartland,  p.  82.)  Weak  tea  is  frequently 
described  as  '  Watter  bewitched 

An'  tay  begridg'd.* 
—June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

No  doubt  this  is  a  variant  of  the  well-known  vamp  in  the 
phrase  "  to  vamp  up,"  which  literally  means  to  new  front  (a 
boot  or  stocking)  as  shown  by  the  following : 

"  Ine  suvier  3e  hahbeA  leaue  uorto  gou  and  sitten  haruot : 
and  hosen  wiAouten  uaumpez. 

1250.     Ancren  Biwle,  p.  420. 
The  word  comes  from  old  French  avant-pied, 

Avent-pied  =  the  part  of  the  foot  that 's  next  the  toes. 
Cotgrave. 

'*  The  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter  is  that  the  Govern- 
ment has  got  its  orders  from  its  Irish  masters,  and  is  obliged 
to  obey  them  first  and  vamp  up  such  pretences  at  argument 
as  it  can  muster  afterwards."  (Times  leader,  June  7th,  1893.) 

"  Wallet  =  a  frame  with  a  bag  for  carrying  sand,  etc.,  on 
pack-horses.  The  bag  is  open  at  both  ends,  the  bottom  being 
tied,  when  required,  with  string.  These  wallets  are  used  in 
pairs,  one  on  each  side  of  the  pack-saddle  (T.  C.) — June, 
1892.     R  P.  C." 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  209 

This  is  the  true  old  English  use : 

*'And  hood,  for  joliteey  ne  wered  he  noon. 
For  it  was  tncssed  tip  in  his  icalet" 

"His  wcdet  lay  hyfom  him  in  his  lappe, 
Bret  ful  of  pardoun  come  from  Borne  al  hoot!* 

Chaucer,  Cant  Tales,  prologue,  IL  684-686. 
**And  taedden  hurefor  hure  welthe :  and  ivishen  on  ]>e  morwe 
That  hus  wyf  were  wex :  o]>er  a  walet  fid  of  ndblesJ* 

Piers  Plovrman,  pass,  xi  L  268. 

"  Wandering  Jew  =  the  Hartland  local  name  of  the  plant 
Tradescantia  discolor.  Identified  by  Bobert  Holland,  Esq., 
Frodsham,  Warrington. — January,  1893.     E.  P.  C." 

Another  miscalled  plant  name,  showing  how  the  ignorant 
apply  terms  they  know  to  almost  any  plant  of  the  like 
habit 

Wandering  Jew  or  Wandering  Sailor  are  the  common 
names  of  Linaria  Cymhallaria,  whose  creeping  growth  is  the 
only  sort  of  resemblance  it  bears  to  the  greenhouse  Trades- 
cantia discolor, 

"  Weekindays  and  Sundays.  Not  long  since  I  heard  two 
children  talking,  when  one  said  to  the  other,  *  I  have  bread 
and  treacle  weekindays,  and  bread  and  butter  Sundays." — 
May,  1893.     H.  B.  S.  W." 

Although  a  common  form,  yet  a  most  interesting  example 
of  the  adjectival  inflection  en,  surviving  in  literature  in 
wooden,  woollen,  &c„  but  by  the  peasantry  used  whenever  one 
substantive  is  used  to  qualify  or  describe  another,  as  in 
doamcn,  tinen,  glassen,  &c.  Surely  this  form  decides  the 
much  vexed  question  as  to  what  part  of  speech  is  cannon  in 
cannon-hall.  Had  the  article  itself  been  one  in  ancient  and 
common  use,  instead  of  being  comparatively  a  thing  of 
yesterday,  we  should  expect  to  find  it  called  by  the  people  a 
cannon^n-ball. 

"WiGGiN.  In  Notes  and  Queries,  of  April  22nd,  1893, 
p.  317,  J.  F.  W.,  Plymouth,  says  that  'a  South  Devon  servant 
used  the  expression :  "  I  had  to  throw  away  the  junket ;  he 
was  gone  so  sour  as  a  wiggin  " ;  but  what  a  wiggin  was  she 
did  not  know.'— H.  B.  S.  W." 

Wiggin  is  a  mountain  ash,  but  the  berries  are  not  sour. 

"WoRMUTH  =  the  plant  wild  wormwood.  A  farmer,  aged 
about  30,  tells  me  that  this  plant  is  called  wormuth  or  vnir 
wormuth  (wild).  I  think  the  more  usual  name  is  wormwood, 
—June,  1892.     E.  P.  C." 


210  THIRTEENTH   REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

This  is  most  interesting,  showing  the  conservation  of  the 
true  old  English. 

Ang.-Sax.,  wermod;  Modern  German,  wermuih.  Hence 
the  vermuth  or  absinthe  so  popular  in  Paris. 

Absinthium  =  aloigne,  wermod.  Absinthium^  atiglice  wermod. 

WrigMs  Vocabulary  (13th  and  15th  cent),  pp.  553,  562. 

The  insertion  of  the  w  in  this  word  is  another  instance  of 
the  corruption  of  literary  English,  while  the  poor  despised 
dialect  speaker  is,  as  usual,  correct  in  his  "  worm'ood." 

"Yard  =  16|  feet.  Rose,  a  Rockbeare  man,  age  over  50, 
was  engaged  on  some  piece-work  ditching,  which  he  said  he 
would  ^0  for  3d.  per  rod.  He  produced  a  stick,  which  he  said 
was  just  over  a  yard  in  length,  and  with  which  he  meant  to 
measure.  He  allowed  it  a  bit  long,  as  he  said  it  would  soon 
wear  down  by  use  to  the  proper  length.  *  But  that  measures 
more  than  a  yard*  remarked  my  husband ;  '  that  must  be 
nearly  a  rod  long.'  *  Oh,  yes ;  but  we  call  that  a  yard  down 
here,*  was  the  reply.  The  gardener,  also  a  Devonian,  con- 
firmed this,  saying  measurements  were  often  made  by  the 
Devonshire  yard,  which  was  sixteen  and  a  half  feet  long. 
He  did  not  say  whether  the  usual  Devonshire  mile  contained 
1760  such  yards,  but  I  have  often  thought  that  they  did, 
when  I  was  tired  after  a  long  walk. — March,  1892.    F.  B.  T." 

See  7th  Hep.  Dev.  Prov.,  which  deals  with  the  square  yard. 

Notwithstanding  the  great  confusion  to  be  found  at  every 
step  in  the  terms  used  in  mensuration,  yet  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  synonymous  terms — virga,  rod,  pole,  perch, 
yard,  lug — all  mean  a  definite  length  of  16J  feet.  Whether 
originally  the  virga  was  the  integer  or  a  fraction  of  measure- 
ment is  a  difficult  question.  In  the  Middle  Ages  the 
furrow-long  or  "aker's-lengthe"  was,  as  it  still  is,  40  "yards," 
while  the  mile  is  the  length  of  8  "  vores,"  or  320  yards. 

Skeat  says  that  rod  and  rood  are  the  same  word,  and  from 
being  originally  merely  a  pole  or  stick,  it  developed  in  one 
direction  into  a  measure  of  land,  i.e.,  40  square  virgse,  and  in 
the  other  to  the  name  of  the  cross  or  Holy-rood.  Virga 
again,  which  was  apparently  always  of  the  same  exact  length, 
gave  rise  in  Domesday  to  the  virgate,  a  singularly  indefinite 
quantity,  being  the  fourth  part  of  a  hide — a  measure  not  of 
length  or  area,  but  simply  of  value.  The  hide  represented 
so  much  land  as  was  assessed  at  six  shillings,  and  conse- 
quently situation  and  fertility  were  the  main  considerations. 
We  thus  find  that  although  a  hide  is  commonly  reckoned  at 
about  120  acres,  yet  in  fact  it  varied  in  Dorset  (see  Eyton, 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  VERBAL  PROVINCIALISMS.  211 

p.  13)  from  84  to  4000  statute  acres.    Who  then  can  compute 
the  actual  area  of  a  virgate  ? 

By  what  means  the  yard,  which  may  mean  a  "  stick  **  of 
80  feet  on  a  man-o'-war,  came  at  length  to  represent  the 
conventional  36  inches,  cannot  here  be  discussed. 

"YESTLE  =  to  bustle,  to  move  about  restlessly,  to  fidget. 
A  servant  girl,  aged  about  15,  was  heard  to  say,  '  I  cud  'n 
zlaip  at  all.  A  kipt  on  yestlin'  about  zo'  (in  bed). — June, 
1892.     E.  P.  C." 

This  is  no  doubt  the  same  word  as  hustle^  pronounced  first 
hestle,  and  then  according  to  rule  with  an  initial  y,  as  in  yethy 
yeffeTy  yoe  (hew),  &c.  Short  u  is  very  apt  to  be  narrowed  in 
Devon  into  short  e.  The  usual  pronoun  us  is  nearly  always 
ess  when  spoken  quickly.  In  the  ^x.  SrA)lding  this  is  spelt 
es  and  is.  The  following  shows  that  the  change  of  initial  h 
to  y  is  by  no  means  modern : 

It.  of  I.  Meke  for  a  yhelyr  .  ...        iij" 

1446.     Yattan  CL  War,  Ace. — Som.  Eec,  Soc,  p.  85. 

"  Zellup  =  seedrlip.     J.  T.  H.  gives  me  the  proverb : 

*  When  the  say -gulls  cry  by  Ian ', 
*Tis  time  to  take  the  zellup  in  han' ; 
When  the  say -gulls  cry  by  say, 
'Tis  time  to  draw  (throw)  the  zellup  away.' 
—June,  1892.     R  P.  C." 

One  of  the  oldest  implement  names  known. 

Ang.-Sax.,  seed-leap^  sen)inatori8  corbis. 

Ceed  lepe  or  hopyr.     Satorium. 

Hopur  of  a  seedlepe  (or  a  seedlepe).     Satorium, 

Seedlep,  or  hopur.     SaioHum,     1440.     Pramp,  Parv, 

Seed-leap,  or  Seed-lip,  the  Hopper  or  vessell  in  which 
husbandmen  carry  their  seed-corn  at  time  of  sowing, 

1717.     Didionarium  Rusticum,  2nd  Ed. 

Forby  {East  Anglia)  says  the  word  is  applied  sometimes 
"  to  the  deep  basket  which  holds  the  chaff  to  feed  the  horses'* 

"Zo  OFTEN  =  now  and  again.  At  Wellington  a  postman, 
native  of  Burlescombe.  age  about  20,  speaking  of  the  spring 
balance  he  carried  to  weigh  parcels,  said. '  We  gets  'em  a-tested 
every  zo  often.'— July  2nd,  1892.     F.  T.  E." 


ELEVENTH  REPORT  (SECOND  SERIES)  OF 
THE  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  CLIMATE  OF  DEVON. 

Eleventh  Report  of  iht  Committee — consisting  of  Mr. 
P.  F.  S.  Amery  (Secretary),  and  Mr.  James  Hamlyn, 
— appointed  to  collect  and  tabulate  trustworthy  and 
comparahle  chservaiions  on  the  clim/ite  of  Devon. 

Edited  by  P.  F.  S.  Amery,  Hon.  Secretary. 

(Raad  at  Torquay,  Jnly,  1893.) 


Your  Committee  present  an  abstract  of  Meteorological  ob- 
servations taken  during  1892,  relating  to  the  Rainfall, 
Temperature,  Humidity,  and  Cloud,  as  recorded  in  localities 
fairly  representing  the  various  districts  of  the  county. 

The  new  Torquay  station  at  Cary  Green,  whence  a 
complete  record  for  the  year  is  recorded,  will,  it  is  hoped, 
prove  a  permanent  institution. 

The  Rainfall  reported  by  Dr.  Ramsay  is  recorded  at  Grey's 
Lodge,  at  260  feet  above  sea-level,  by  Col.  J.  R  Currie,  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  W.N.W.  of  Duncan  House. 

From  Plymouth  only  half  the  year  has  been  reported, 
owing,  it  is  presumed,  to  changes  in  the  staff  of  the  Marine 
Biological  laboratory. 

The  Princetown  returns  are  also  imperfect;  but  as  the 
latter  part  of  the  year  is  complete,  it  is  hoped  regular  obser- 
vations are  again  being  recorded  there. 

The  Secretary  wishes  to  refer  to  the  loss  this  Committee 
has  sustained  by  the  death  of  one  of  its  members,  Mr.  E. 
Parfitt,  of  Exeter,  who  has  carried  on  his  meteorological 
observations  for  a  long  series  of  years. 

The  Committee  is  especially  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  Marriott, 
F.R.Met.Soc.,  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Meteoro- 
logical Society,  for  the  pains  he  has  taken  to  supply  the 


OBSEKVATIONS  ON  THE  CLIMATE  OF  DKTON. 


213 


STATXOir. 


returns  from  Princetown,  and  verifying  those  from  other 
stations,  and  to  those  observers  who  have  assisted  by  con- 
tributing their  figures  direct  for  portions  of  the  year,  and 
observations  not  obtainable  through  the  Meteorological  Record. 

The  particulars  of   the  stations   and   observers   are    as 
follows : 

ZLXVATION.  0B8S&TXB. 

feet. 
..    26  ...  M.  W.  Tattam. 
..     70  ...  W.  C.  Lake,  m.d, 
..     12  ...  A.  Chandler,  f.r.mst.8oo. 
..  175  ...  R.  H.  Ramsay,  m.d. 
..  293  ...  E.  £.  Qlyde,  f.b.Mbt.Soo. 
..  148  ...  W.  T.  Radford,  M.l>.,  F.B.MR.8oa 
..  113  ...  Miss  M.  B.  Qanilen. 
..  202    ..  T.  Turner,  j.p.,  f.r.Mbt.8oo. 
..  112  ...  H.  Andrew  and  G.  S.  Abram. 
..  363  ...  W.  H.  Reeve. 
..  117  ...  H.  N.  Dickson,  f.r.Mkt.Soc. 
..1359  ...  F.  W.  S.  Stone,  M.B., 
and  J.  L.  Durbin. 

250  ...  James  Hamlyn. 

584  ...  P.  F.  S.  Amery,  j.p. 

650  ...  Rev.  J.  Gill,  m.a. 

James  Hamltn,  Chairman. 
P.  F.  S.  Amery,  Secretary. 


Ufracombe         

Teignmouth       

Torquay  (Gary  Green) 

„      (Duncan  House) 
Babbacombe  (Kirkham) 
Sidmouth  (Sidmount) 
Biampford  Speke 

CuUompton       

Exeter      

Southmolton  (Castle  Hill) 

Plymouth  

Princetovm  (Prisons)  ... 


Buckfastleigh  (Bossell  Park) 

Ashburton  (Druid)     

Holne  (Vicarage)        


0BSEBVATI0K8  OS  THE   CLIMATE  01  DETOK. 


. 

TEMPEKATUHE  [S  STAND 

s 

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0 

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1.17 

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453    J«8lso.6 

7.6 

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1.67 

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TORIIIHJ  (C.  0.)    . 

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1.7J 

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2.62 

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TorqiMf  (D.  U.) 
ItebbacoDibe 
KdmuuCb 
Brampford  Speke 
OuUooipton . 
Ezttter 
Soatbmoltim 
Ptfmouth    . 
PiuKetown  . 
Bockfutleigh 
Aihburtoa  . 


FEBKUAEY. 

4i.7;89[39,4 

4'. 9    85    37.7 

.8   85  I  38.8 

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39.4  78  33.S  44-3  '■■■ 
38,3  81.31.3  44.2  : 
38.3 '79' 30-0    46.2,: 

38-5173  30.7  ^s-g I- 

40.a|74    32.4  ]46.l  ■  : 

36.5  I  84    39,6  I  44.S    . 

40  a  1  75    34-4'  45-4    : 

,13-5    .-.'    .-    i    -.. 
39-3  1 90 130-1    4S.S  !■ 
■'■8 1  78  j  34.3  j  45.4  I : 


OBSEKVATIOKS  OK   THE  CLIMATE  OF  DEVOS. 


TEMPKHAlUnE  IS  STAND. 

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dtg.  .  7. 

nfnwombe  . 

'■43           4;   5^0 

472-83 

42.8 

53-3    34-3 

660 

4.7 

Teign  mouth 

0.69      7      JS   S5.6 

57-8   65 

39-9 

58.0    27,0 

70.4 

4.2 

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.81      7     4S  S'.S 

49.7  1  64 

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40.  S 

57.6    29.0 

68.6 

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40.0 

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66.9 

Sidmouth     . 

1.46      9      56   56.0 

48,7168 

38.8 

S6-2    as  3 

68.6 

4-S 

BrampfordSpeke 

1.28      9     60   48-4 

492170 

36.5 

59.0   23.6 

7'-5 

4-9 

Cull^ruptOD  . 

i.Jl      7      60   53,1 

48.S  ,  6s 

36-5 

58. 8    20.8 

72,0 

4-0 

Exeter 

.96      7 

51.4   64 

38.7 

58.5  1  26.0 

70.0 

4-5 

SuuthiunltoQ 

a.J7      3   I.Jo   4S.6 

49.6    78 

35-4 

56.0  1  20.: 

70.2 

4-7 

Pljmoiilh     . 

1.20      y 

Sas  «. 

41.7,  SS'*  1^6.9 

68.4 

4.S 

49,4 

4S-S   76 

...       ...   1   ... 

Buckfa»tteish 

.9a      4      45    S3  5 

SI  2   61 

35.9 1 58.2  :  20.0 

71-0 

U 

Aslibiirkiu   . 

i.n      7      V   S6-o 

50.6 ;  63 

40.4157.51*8.4:69-7 

Bolne 

1.52 

•J 

4^ 

... 

... 

Ilfracnmbe  . 
Teipimtiiith 
Torqusy  (C  0  ) 
Toniuay  (D.  U.) 
Babbnconibe 
Sidmouth     . 
Branipford  Speke 
Ciilloiupton  . 
Exeter 
SipUthnioltoD 
Plymouth    . 
Prince  town  . 
Biicbftwtleigh 
AshtmrtuD   . 


Ilfracombe  . 
Teiguiiiouth 
Torquay  [C.  0  ) 
Tunniay  (1).  il.) 
Babiiaconibe 
SidiLiuiith     . 
BraiupfurdSpekc 
Ciilluinpton  . 
Exetet 

Solltllltl'lltOD 

Plymoutli  . 
Princetown  . 
BiickfastleiKh 
Ash  burton  ■ 


MAY. 

■40'  500   53  7;  78 1  48.5  !S9  1  I: 
24  50.2  ■50.3 '72  40.2.  M  7 
JO   48.0    54,3:7:147.1  160,2, 

,;o  5'.j jss-i  17a  46-2  61-4^: 

2?  50.0 '55.0  I  74   45-5    60-5    . 

J3  44-8    51  6    77   45^!  S8-8  !  . 

T-  50-4  ;  56-6  I  71 144-4    ^-S  :• 

J*  49-6    55-7   69   43-OI62.4  1  : 

...  1 57.0  71  45  2  62,3  : 

S')   45.B  I  52-7    77   42-9  1^-0    ■■ 
...      54.7 '71    46-5    58.9:  ■ 
43.9,50,2  .80'    ...       ...    ] 

44    S'-0|46-9  178    4»-4    62.5  I- 
■7    48.0,  55.4  r70    4O.1  |6i.6    ; 


5° 


I 
JUNE. 

>  S9-0  57.7 

1  59.6  59.9 

57-9  583 

I  6o,j  59.2 

)  60.8  59.4 

1  57.8  57.S 

;  63,4  60, 


,   5.6 

'  s-'s 


wo 

590 

»." 

».( 

579 

U.i 

ii, 

si.« 

59- > 

53°   624 

y.6    65. 8 


50.7  63.6 

49-9  65.2 

49- S  64.6 

47.6  67.9 

48.9  66.6 

80146.2  63.9 

76    50.5  62.2 

84!    


4S.8 

41.9 

42.2 

42.0 

41.6 

72.4 

(7.0 

3S.4 

77-9 

40.0 

76.'; 

14.2 

42.7 

73.2 

4VO 

69- s 

4uy 

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OCTOBER. 


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FIFTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON 
DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS. 

Fifth  Report  of  the  Committee,  consisting  of  the  Bight  Rev. 
Monsignor  Provost  Bronmlow,  Br,  Brushjield,  Mr,  J,  R, 
Chanter,  Mr,  R,  W.  Cotton  (Joint  Secretary),  the  Very 
Rev,  Dean  Covne,  the  Rev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge,  Mr,  J. 
Brooking  Rowe  (Joint  Secretary),  Mr,  Edward  Windeatt, 
and  Mr.  R,  N,  Worth,  for  the  purpose  of  investigating 
and  reporting  on  any  collections  of  Manuscripts,  Records, 
or  Ancient  Documents  existing  in,  or  relating  to,  Devon- 
shire, with  the  nature  of  their  contents,  their  locality, 
and  whether  in  public  or  private  hands. 

Edited  by  J.  Brookino  Rowb,  F.S.A.,  and  R.  W.  Cotton, 
,  Hon.  Secretaries. 

(Read  at  Torquay,  Jaly,  1803.) 


The  Secretaries,  from  various  causes,  have  been  unable  during 
the  past  year  to  give  much  time  to  the  work  of  this  Com- 
mittee. What  they  are  able  to  submit  to  the  Society  is, 
however,  of  interest,  and  worthy  of  being  placed  on  record 
for  the  benefit  of  enquirers.  The  Committee  are  indebted  to 
the  Rev.  George  Darnell  Shenton  for  an  account  of  the  MS. 
which  interested  many  of  our  members  at  the  Tiverton 
Meeting.  It  is  thought  that  it  would  be  very  desirable  that 
such  parts  of  the  Reports  of  the  Historical  Manuscripts 
Committee  as  relate  to  the  history  of  this  county  should  be 
incorporated  in  these  Reports. 


J.  Brooking  Rowe,  )  tt      c      4.    • 
R  W.  Cotton,  /  ^°°-  Secretaries. 


I.    Manuscripts  of  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps, 

Bart.,  f.s.a.,  etc. 

The  great  collection  of  MSS.  made  by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps 
is,  under  the  provisions  of  a  private  Act  of  Parliament,  being 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  219 

dispersed.  The  first  portion  of  the  famous  library  was  sold 
at  Sotheby's,  3rd  to  11th  August,  1886.  A  further  portion, 
consisting  of  Historical,  Topographical,  Genealogical,  and 
other  Manuscripts  and  Autograph  Letters,  was  sold  at 
Sotheby's,  19th  to  22nd  June,  1893.  From  the  catalogue 
of  this  last  sale  I  copy  the  following  : 

"Lot  166.  Devonshire,  Somerset,  and  Cornwall. — A  most 
valuable  collection  of  copies  of  ancient  Charters,  Confirmations, 
Grants,  Decrees,  and  other  important  Documents  relative  to  the 
Abbey  and  other  Lands  in  the  above  counties.  Vellum :  folio, 
circa  1630. 

"This  valuable  manuscript  has  been  in  the  hands  of  Anstis 
Garter,  who  has  added  an  index  and  occasional  notes ;  of  the 
fiftmous  collector  Dean  Jer.  Milles,  President  of  the  Antiq.  Society, 
and  lastly  in  the  collection  of  J.  Benthall,  the  Shropshire 
collector." 

This  MS.  is  now  my  property. 

"167.  Devonshire. — Collections  for  the  History  of  Exeter, 
entitled  Isaacus  Hedivivus,  or  Chronicles  of  the  City  of  Exeter 
from  the  earliest  period,  by  Rev.  George  Sercombe,  Luke.  Very 
valuable.     5  vols.,  4to  ;  1822-26. 

"These  are  the  autograph  collections  of  this  well-known  anti- 
quary, who  intended  the  work  for  publication,  and  issued  printed 
proposals,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract :  *  In  this  work 
will  not  be  found  a  bare  chronology  of  events.  It  will  contain 
in  illustration  extracts  from  the  Saxon  and  other  Chronicles, 
and  £rom  Monkish  and  other  Histories,  Biographical  and  other 
Notices  of  its  eminent  natives,  &c.,  and  its  Charters  and 
Charities,  with  every  important  incident  of  local  interest  The 
plan  of  Isaacke  and  Anthony  a  Wood  has  been  adopted.'  The 
Author,  unfortunately,  died,  and  the  work  was  never  published." 

This  manuscript  is  now  the  property  of  Dr.  Brushfield, 
and  is  in  his  library  at  Budleigh  Salterton. 

"644.  Eecords. — A  collection  out  of  the  Records  remaining  in 
the  Tower  of  London  temp,  K  John,  Henry  III.,  Edward  I., 
Elizabeth.  2  vola,  887  pp.  From  Serjeant  Heywood'a  and  John 
TopharrCs  Collections^  with  the  latter's  book  plate.  Rough  calf, 
foHo ;  xviL  cent." 

"The  first  volume  is  almost  entirely  devoted  to  records  relating 
to  Devonshire  and  Cornwall,  and  for  the  history  of  the  Abbies, 
&c.,  of  these  counties  is  simply  invaluable." 

These  volumes  are  now  in  my  library. 

We  hope  in  a  future  Report  to  give  some  account  of  the 
contents  of  the  Manuscripts.  (J.  B.  R.) 

p  2 


220 


FIFTH  REPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 


IL  Dredge  MSS. 

Since  the  list  of  the  transcripts  of  Devon  Parish  Begisters, 
printed  in  the  Third  Eeport  of  this  Committee,  vol.  "xxiiL, 
IVanaactiona  Devon.  Assoc.,  1891,  p.  167,  we^s  made,  the 
Bev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge  has  copied  the  Begisters  of  the 
following  parishes : 


Tnmscripta 

BaptismB. 

MAirUigeB. 

BorUls. 

end. 

Anstey,  East 

.       1596    . 

..    1674    . 

..    1596    . 

..    1812 

Anstey,  West 

•       1653    . 

..    1653    . 

.    1653    . 

..    1812 

Chittlehampton 

.       1637    . 

..    1637    . 

..    1637    . 

..    1812 

Hoish 

•       1595    • 

..    1600    .. 

•    1595    • 

.    1812 

Hontshaw 

.     i74f  . 

••    1755      ■ 

•   i74f  .. 

.    1812 

Marwood 

1602  . 

..    1602    .. 

.   1602  .. 

.    1812 

Boseash 

1591   • 

..    1591    • 

.   1591   • 

.    1812 

Winkleigh 

^^                         A All               1 

.     1585  . 

NOTES. 

M                                          1  • 

..    1569    • 
#  •  1 

.   1569  .. 

.    1812 
■  < 

East  Anstbt. — At  least  two  sections  of  the  first  Begister  must 
have  been  lost,  containing  the  Marriages  before  1674,  and  the 
Baptisms  from  1651  to  1687. 

Chittlehampton. — At  the  end  of  the  first  volume  is  an 
antient  copy  of  a  fragment  of  an  earlier  register.  This  includes 
Christenings  for  1575  to  1579,  Weddings  for  1576,  1577,  and 
1578,  Burials  for  1576,  1577,  and  1578. 

Mabwood. — No  entries  of  Baptisms  between  1679  and  1694, 
nor  of  Marriages  between  1679  and  1695 ;  there  is  a  note  on  the 
first  page  of  the  Baptismal  Begister  for  1813,  thus:  "The  Begister 
of  Baptisms,  1785  to  1812,  appears  to  be  lost."  I  found  no 
Burials  firom  22nd  March,  1800  to  1812.  In  the  Burial  Begister, 
No.  2,  is  a  remarkably  full  list  of  Briefs,  from  1714  to  1774,  of 
exceptional  interest. 

Boseash. — No  entries  of  Baptisms,  Marriages,  or  Burials,  from 
1646  to  1660.  For  the  first  half  of  these  fourteen  years  this 
deficiency  must  be  attributed  to  the  confusion  of  the  times ;  but 
for  the  latter  seven  years  there  would  be  a.  book  kept  by  the 
person  elected  by  the  parishioners,  and  sworn  by  some  neigh- 
bouring magistrate,  to  faithfully  dischaxge  the  office  of  Begistrar. 
This  book  is  lost. 

(J.  I.  D.) 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  BECORDS.  221 

IIL    Plymouth  Institution  Manuscripts. 

In  the  Library  of  the  Plymouth  Institution  at  the 
Athenseum  are  some  interesting  Manuscripts,  of  ivhich 
the  following  are  the  most  important: — 

J  I  Yonge  MSS.,  2  vols. 

c     WooUcombe  MSS.,  2  vols. 

*  I  Allen  MSS.,  2  vols. 

/.     Tithe  Book,  temp.  Mia.,  1574-1582. 

g.     MSS.  of  the  late  Col.  C.  Hamilton  Smith,  F.R.S.,  &c. 

(a,  b)  Yonge  MSS.  Two  volumes  by  James  Yonge, 
MJ).,  F.B.S.,  164f-1721. 

(a)  The  first,  a  small  4to,  is  an  autobiography  of  the  author^ 
who  was  bom  in  Plymouth,  and  after  a  nautical  career, 
in  which  he  exercised  his  profession,  settled  down  in  his 
native  town,  and  became  a  successful  and  much-sought-after 
practitioner.  He  embalmed  the  body  of  Sir  Cloudesley 
Shovell  before  it  was  conveyed  to  London  for  interment. 
There  is  a  curious  portrait  of  him  at  Puslioch  in  flowered 
dressing-gown.  He  was  the  ancestor  of  the  Yonges  of 
Puslinch  and  Cornwood.  This  volume  mainly  consists  of 
accounts  of  his  various  voyages,  and  descriptions  of  places 
visited,  and  is  illustrated  with  plans  and  drawings. 

(b)  The  second  volume,  also  a  small  4to,  is  entitled  : 

*'  Plymouth  Memoirs  |  containing  |  A  chronologicall  account  of 
that  Corpor  |  ation  A  Catalogue  of  all  the  Mayors :  togather  | 
with  y*  memorable  occurrences,  in  their  |  Respective  yeares,  the 
oaths  taken  by  several!  |  officers  iu  said  Corporation,  particularly 
of  the  I  Freemen  both  before,  and  upon  y*  Regulation :  |  1684, 
the  Chartar  then  granted  by  K.  Charles  |  the  second,  a  list  of  the 
government  at  the  |  serving  of  the  Quo  Warrants,  &c. 

"  Collected  by  James  Yonge. 
"  1684." 

This  volume  has  been  edited  and  annotated  by  Mr.  R  N. 
Worth,  and  printed  in  the  fifth  volume  of  the  Transactions  of 
the  Plymouth  Institution,  1876,  pp.  509-566,  and  the  Editor 
has  prefixed  a  short  memoir  of  Dr.  Yonge.  These  manu- 
script volumes  were  presented  to  the  Plymouth  Institution 
in  1831  by  the  author's  descendant,  the  late  Dr.  James 
Yonge,  of  Plymouth.  The  author  died  at  the  age  of  75,  on 
the  28th  July,  1721,  and  was  buried  in  the  south  chapel 


222  FIFTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Plymouth,  where  there  is  an  oval 
tablet  to  his  memorjr. 

''Here  underneath 

lyeth  buried  the  Body 

of  James  Yonge  Phisitian 

&  Fellow  of  the  Royall  Society 

who   was   once   Mayor   of   this   his 

native  Town  and  dyed  the  25^^ 

day  of  July  1721  in  the  76  year 

of  his  age. 

and  by  him  his  Beloved  Wife 

Jane  who  dyed  Nov:  25**>   1708 

in  the  Sixtyeth  year  of  her  age 

after  having  lived   near 

40  years  in  wedlock  & 

•  Bom  9  children." 

(c)  Two  volumes  in  4to. 

* 

**A  History  of  Plymouth 

Compiled  from 

Authentic  Documents 

by 
Henry  Woollcombe." 

These  volumes  were  presented  to  the  Society  by  the 
executors  of  the  author  26th  Feb.,  1847,  in  compliance  with 
his  directions,  he  having  bequeathed  them  by  his  will : — 

"  I  give  and  bequeath  my  copyright  of  my  History  of  Plymouth 
in  two  quarto  volumes  and  three  collections  of  printed  and  MSS. 
documents  relating  to  or  connected  with  that  history^  to  the 
Officers  and  Members  of  the  Plymouth  Institution  as  a  place  for 
safe  custody  in  the  town,  and  as  a  testimony  of  my  regard  for  the 
Members  of  that  Society,  and  of  my  respect  and  veneration  of  the 
objects  for  the  promotion  of  which  they  are  associated.'' 

The  author  intended  printing  the  contents  of  these 
volumes,  and  issued  a  prospectus  so  early  as  1812,  but 
nothing  was  done,  and  down  to  1836  he  continued  to  add  to 
the  MS. 

Vol.  1  contains  : — 

1  "  A  Chronicle  of  the  Borough  of  Plymouth  from  the 
earliest  records  to  the  year  1800,  with  an  Appendix." 
2.  The  first  part  of  the  History  of  Plymouth. 

^  These  three  last  mentioned  collections  do  not  appear  to  have  heen  handed 
oyer  to  the  Society. 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS. 


223 


VoL  2  contains  chapters : — 

1.  Belating  specially  to  Plymouth  as  a  Borough. 

2.  Bepresentation  in  Parliament. 

3.  Ecclesiastical  affairs. 

4.  An  Appendix  of  eighty- nine  documents. 

5.  Continuation  of  the  Chronicle  from  1801  to  1836. 

Various  proposals  for  printing  this  History  were  made,  but 
lack  of  funds  prevented  the  Society  undertaking  the  work, 
and  although  it  might  be  desirable  to  print  the  copies  of  the 
documents  with  additions,  from  recent  contributions  to  the 
history  of  the  Town,  more  especially  the  valuable  one  of 
Mr.  R  N.  Worth,  the  value  it  once  had  is  gone. 

Vide  Third  Report  of  this  Committee  (Trans.  Dev.  Assoc, 
1891,  p.  164)  for  an  account  of  another  WooUcombe  MS. 

{d,  e)  Two  small  volumes  presented  to  the  Institution  by 
Mrs.  Caroline  Hamley  Squire,  a  descendant  of  the  writers. 

(d)  An  Almanack  (seven  leaves  only)  bound  up  in  leather, 
with  writing  paper. 

"De  I  Rebus  Cselestibus  |  or  an  |  Ephemeris,  |  for  the  year  of 
Humane  Redemption  \  by  Jesus  Christ  1664  |  being  Bissextile  or 
Leap  Year  |  And  from  the  Creation  of  the  World  5613  |  Wherein  | 
You  have  the  Motions  and  |  Eclipses  of  the  Sun  and  Moon  |  the 
two  great  lights  of  Heaven  |  With  the  Mutual  Aspects  of  the 
Planets  |  and  observations  thereupon  |  Together  |  With  Astrological 
Judgements  up  |  on  the  Eclipses,  and  Ingress  of  the  Sun  into  the 
Equinoctial  and  Solstitial  {  points  of  Heaven.  |  Calculated  for  the 
Meridian  of  London  \  by  William  Andrews  |  Student  in  Astrology 
I  London,  printed  by  Tho:  Eatcliffe,  |  for  the  Company  of  Stationers 
1664." 

This  belonged  to  John  Allen,  of  Plymouth,  and  he  has 
noted  above  his  name  in  the  first  page  the  price  he  paid  for 
it,  " pretium,  ^^" 

From  these  volumes  I  have  extracted  all  the  entries  of 
a  personal  or  local  nature. 

Pages  3-6  are  filled  with  a  table  of  the  prices  of  Treagar 
or  Dowlas,  the  length  132  yards  ordinarily.  It  is  a  kind  of 
ready  reckoner,  giving  the  prices  of  the  material  from  6d.  to 
20f  d.  per  yard,  thus : 

£  8.  d. 


6«» 

60 
6f 

The  yard  is  ^  peece 
The  yard  is  ^  peece 
The  yard  is  ^  peece 
The  yard  is  ^  peece 

3 
3 
3 
3 

6 

8 

11 

13 

0 
9 
6 
3 

224  FIFTH  EEPOET  OF  THE  COMMITTRB 

Tiaa  table  fills  four  pages,  and  on  the  seveDth  the  family 
entries  b^n. 

"  I  John  Allen  were  home  in  Plym"  on  y"  SS*""  day  of  Jannaiy 
fuino  Domini  1646  @^  being  on  a  Thuisday,  about  twelne  of  y* 
clock  att  night. 

"  My  father  WilUam  Allen  was  bome  on  the  6""  day  of  January 
anno  Domini  1611  @ 

"  My  mother  Thomasin  Symona,  aliaa  Allen,  was  bome  on  the 
le""  day  of  November  anno  Domini  1610  @ 

"  My  brother  William  Allen  was  borne  in  Plym"  on  the  22"' 
February  anno  Doniini  1641  @.     Being  on  shrof  Tuesday. 

"  My  brother  Sarauell  Allen  was  bome  in  Plym"  on  y*  13"*  day 
of  November  anno  Domini  1C44  @  Being  on  a  Wednesday  about 
eleaven  of  y'  clocke  in  y'  forenoon. 

"  My  Brother  Joseph  Allen  was  bome  in  Plym"  on  the  7"" 
day  of  JuUy  anno  domini  1649  @  Being  on  a  fryday. 

"Francis  Whiddon  my  Coz°  Judeth  Allyn's  alias  Whiddon's, 
child,  was  bome  in  Tottnes  on  ye  4""  day  of  September  Anno 
Domini  1665  @  Being  on  a  Wednesday  in  y*  forenoon,  a  fast  day, 
monnthly  observed  for  the  plague  then  in  Loudon. 

"Coz"  Judetb  Allyn  alias  Whiddon  She  was  in  Travell  for 
child  on  Munday  j"  20""  day  of  May  1667  @  &  continued  under 
great  paines  untill  Wednesday  after  y"  22""  d"  and  she  was 
delivered  y*  morning  about  ten  ot  y'  clocke  of  a  etill  bome 
daughter.  She  continued  very  ill  &  y°  same  day  in  y*  afternoon 
about  three  of  the  clock  she  dyed  &  was  buried  w^  her  child 
in  one  Coffin  j°  next  day  In  Tottnes  faeii^  on  Thursday  y"  23''' 
May  1667  @. 

"John  Boche,  sone  of  Thomas  Roche,  was  bome  in  Tottnes  on  a 
Sabboth  day  being  on  the  7"'  day  of  tfebruary  1668  @  &  waa 
christned  by  M'  John  fford  in  Tottnes  Church  on  shrofe  tuesdaj 
being  on  y"  23  day  of  ffebruary  1668  @  &  I  were  on  of  y*  God- 
fatheres.     J.  A. 

"Mv  brother  W"  Allen  of  Bridgewater  was  marryed  there  on 
the  2°^  of  ffebruary  being  on  a  fryday  anno  1674  @  ^  hia  wife  was 
brought  to  bed  &  delivered  of  a  young  hoy  on  y"  2"''  ot  August 
being  a  fryday  anno  Dni  1672  @  wch  child  dyed  shortly  after  ite 
birth. 

"My  Brother  Samuell  Allen  was  betrothed  nnto  Hannah 
Gayer  daughter  of  M''  Sam"  Gayer  at  Stratton  p'  M'  Thos : 
Downe  Minister  of  Suttcomh  on  Tuesday  Evening  being  ye 
31'"  December  1672  @  &  their  Bands  were  on  3  severall  Sondaje 
publisht  both  at  Plym'  S  Stratton  boginninR  on  ye  8"'  y"  ye 
IS**-  A  ended  on  the  22""  day  of  December  1672  @ 

"Samuell  Allen  sonno  of  W""  Allen  of  Plym"  was  marryed 

■  This  is  a  little  flonriih  of  tbc  writer's  after  afaniMt  everj  date.     I  do  not 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  225 

unto  Hannah  Gayer  daughter  of  Samuell  Gayer  of  Stratton  in 
StrattOn  Towne  p'  M'^  Thomas  Downe  Minister  of  Sattcomb 
p'rish  on  Thursday  y«  23*^  day  of  January  167f  @ 

**  Hannah  the  wife  of  my  brother  Samuell  Allen  was  deliuered 
of  a  Sonne  on  Nicholas  day  being  the  6^  day  of  December 
1673  on  a  Satterday  at  twelve  of  the  clock  at  noou.  And  y* 
child  was  baptised  by  M'^  Thomas  Martyn  at  M'^  Yeabsly  Ms 
Meeting  house  on  Wednesday  in  y*  afternoon  being  y*  24***  day  of 
December  1673  @  and  was  called  Samuell. 

"  In  or  about  January  1673  my  bro'^  W"  Allen  of  Bridg-watter, 
buried  his  wife  there. 

"On  munday  July  13***  1674  about  11  o'clock  at  night  my 
Ynkle  Thomas  Allen  dyed  at  his  house  Birch  in  Stoke  Rivers 
parish  (where  I  were  when  he  dyed)  and  was  buried  y*  Wednesday 
following  about  noon  in  the  same  parish  Church,  being  Swithins 
day  the  15^^  July  1674  @ 

"  On  Wednesday  about  8  clock  in  y*  Morning  being  21***  October 
anno  1674  Benjamin  Hingston  was  marry ed  unto  Honor  Gregor 
daughter  of  Mr  Peter  Gregor  deceased,  in  St.  Andrews  Church  by 
Doct*^  Roger  Ash  ton  Vicar  of  Plymouth. 

"  Hannah  the  wife  of  my  brother  Samuell  Allen  was  delivered  of 
a  daughter  on  Tuesday  the  14***  day  of  October  1675  at  about 
eight  or  nine  of  the  clock  in  the  forenoon.  And  the  child  was 
baptised  by  Mr  Thomas  Martyn  at  my  Brother's  house  on  fry  day 
in  y«  evening  at  about  6  of  the  clock  being  the  5***  day  of 
November  1675.     And  was  called  Thomazyn. 

"  My  brother  William  Allen  was  marryed  the  second  tyme  about 
ye  begining  Aprill  1676. 

"  Cozen  Honor  Hingston  was  delivered  of  a  son  on  Tuesday  the 
26***  December  1676  at  6  or  7  clock  in  the  Evening  and  the  child 
was  baptised  at  home  by  Docf  Roger  Ashton  on  ffryday  in  ye 
afternoon  being  5***  January  1676  and  was  named  Benjamin,  unto 
whom  I  were  a  godfather.     J.  A. 

"  My  brother  William  Allen  his  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  on 
Munday  1***  January  1676  and  was  baptised  y*  Sunday  following 
&  named  William. 

"  My  brother  Samuel  Alien  his  wife  Hannah  was  delivered  of  a 
daughter  on  Wednesday  about  11  of  the  clock  in  ye  Evening  being 
on  21'*  ffebruary  1676  and  was  baptized  by  Mr  Tho :  Martyn  at 
my  brother's  house  on  munday  Evening  being  the  5***  March  1676 
@  And  was  called  MARY. 

"I  John  Allen  the  son  of  William  Allen  of  Plym®  were 
betrothed  promised  or  Engaged  my  selfe  to  marry  in  convenient 
'  season  with  Mary  Stert  Daughter  of  Walter  Stert  of  Brixton,  at 
the  said  Walter  Stert'a  house  in  Brixton,  by  my  said  ffather 
William  Allen  on  Wednesday  about  4  clock  in  the  afternoon  being 
the  16**»  day  of  May  1677  @. 
/  "I  John  Allen  son  of  W°*  Allen  of  Plym®  was  marryed  unto 


226  FIFTH  REPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE- 

Mary  Stert  daughter  of  Walter  Stert  of  Brixton,  I  were  marryed 
in  Brixton  Church  by  M'  Thomas  Reed  Lecturer  of  Plyin®  ou 
Tuesday  morning  being  y*  12  day  of  June  1677  @. 

"  My  wife  Mary  Stert  alias  M  Allen  was  borne  at  Brixton  on 
Wednesday  neer  midnight  being  21*^  ffebruary  1654,  &  was  there 
baptised  Thursday  ye  1 3*^  March  flToUowing. 

"My  Wife  was  delivered  of  a  daughter  in  Plymouth  on  the 
fowerth  4*^  day  of  April  1678  being  on  a  Thursday  at  eleaven 
clock  att  noon,  &  my  child  was  baptised  by  M'^  Thomas  Bead 
Lecturer  of  Plym®  in  St.  Andrew's  Church  on  St.  George's  Day 
being  on  a  Tuesday  23^^  Aprill  1678  and  was  named  Elizabeth. 

"Gosseps  to  my  daughter  Elizabeth  were  my  Brother- laws 
Walter  Stert  &  Nic*>  Curie  Godfathers  &  Sister  Hannah  Allen  & 
Cozen  Alee  Stert  Godmothers. 

"  My  bro'  Sam^^  Allen's  Wife  was  delivered  of  a  daughter  on 
Sunday  at  5  clock  in  y*  morneing  being  7th  July  1678  and  was 
Baptised  by  Mr.  Nath"  Jacob  at  my  Bro's  house  on  Tuesday 
evening  being  16  July  1678.     And  was  named  Hannah. 

"  Brother  William  Allen  his  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  in  July 
1678  w^^  was  named  John. 

"My  brother  law  Walter  Stert  his  wife  was  delivered  of  a 
daughter  on  Wednesday  at  9  clock  at  night  being  26  March  1679 
&  was  baptised  in  Brixton  the  15  Aprill  1678  Elizabeth. 

"  My  wife  was  delivered  of  a  daughter  in  Plym<*  on  the  second 
day  of  May  1679  being  a  ffryday  about  two  clock  at  noon,  &  my 
child  was  baptised  by  Mr  Henry  Greensworth  Vicar  of  St  Andrew 
Church  in  Plymouth  on  Wednesday  14'^  May  1679  and  was 
named  MARY. 

"Gosseps  to  my  daughter  Mary  were  my  brother-law  Thomas 
Stert,  Cozen  Alee  Stert,  &  Cozen  Ann  Allen. 

"I  were  a  godfather  unto  Cozen  Moores'  daughter  who  was 
baptised  Mary  14^*"  September  1679. 

"  My  brother  Sam"  Allen's  wife  was  delivered  of  a  daughter  on 
Munday  about  two  clock  in  the  afternoon  being  Michaelmas  day 
29"*  September  1679  &  was  baptised  by  Mr  Nath"  Jacob  at  my 
Brother's  house  on  ffryday  evening  being  10^**  October  1679.  And 
was  named  Grace. 

"Brother  William  Allen's  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  on  the 
14*^  day  of  ffebruary  1679  in  Bridgewater  w*^^  was  named  & 
baptised  John. 

"  I  were  a  godfather  to  Mr  Thomas  Lymbiers  Daughter  who  was 
baptised  Elizabeth  31«*  March  1680. 

"  My  Brother  Samuel  Allen  his  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  on 
ffryday  about  three  clock  in  the  afternoon  being  ffreedom  day  the 
24  September  1680,  and  baptised  by  Mr  Nathan  Jacob  at  my 
Brothers  house  on  Munday  evening  being  the  therd  of  October 
1680  @  and  was  named  William. 

"I  were  a  god  father  unto  Cozen  Hingston  his  son  who  was 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  227 

Baptiaed  in  St  Andrews  Church  in  Plym«  15"^  October  1680 
and  was  named  Peter. 

**  I  were  Godfather  to  Brother-law  Walter  Stert  his  Daughter, 
who  was  baptised  by  Mr  Oltramary  at  Bro'  Stert's  house  Tuesday 
the  18^  January  1680  and  was  named  Mary. 

"  I  were  God  father  to  Mr  Thomas  Payne's  son,  Baptised  Thomas 
2Z^  October  1681. 

"Bro'  Walter  Stert's  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  on  Tuesday 
29*^  November  1681,  who  was  baptised  Richard  on  Wednesday 
7  December  1681. 

"Bro'  W°»  Allen's  Wife  was  Delivered  of  a  son  21 "»  October 
1681  whose  name  is  John. 

"My  brother  Joseph  Allen  was  marryed  unto  Margret  firayne 
daughter  of  Joseph  ffrayne  of  Barnstaple  p''  y^  Minister  of  said 
place  Mr  Boyce  on  Thui^ay  26  January  1681  @. 

"  I  John  Allen  wais  married  unto  Grace  Bastard  daughter  of 
WiUiam  Bastard  late  of  Garston  Deceased  Esq'^  by  Thomas  Hurrel 
Rector  of  Beer  in  that  Parish  Church  on  Tuesday  23*^  May  1682 
@,  being  my  second  Wife. 

"  My  wife  Grace  Bastard  now  Allen  was  Borne  at  Gerston  7*^ 
March  1660  @. 

"My  wife  miscarryed  of  a  child  on  Saturday  26***  August  1682. 

"  I  were  God-father  unto  my  Brother  Law  Thomas  Hurles  two 
daughters  who  were  Baptised  by  their  fath'  on  Thursday  30*** 
November  1682  and  y*  children  were  named  the  elder  Sarah  y* 
younger  Christobella. 

Bro'  Walter  Sterts  Wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  on  Sunday 
evening  31***  December  1682  and  was  Baptised  Walter  thursday 
y«  11*^  January  168f. 

"My  Wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  in  Plym**  On  Midsummer 
Day  being  Sunday  at  about  4  clock  in  y®  morneing  24***  June 
1683.  And  he  was  baptised  by  Mr.  John  Gilbert  vicar  on  Wednes- 
day in  y*  afternoon  the  11^  July  1683,  in  St  Andrews  Church 
and  he  was  named  William. 

"  Gossops  to  him,  was  S'  William  Bastard  and  Cozn  :  Benj** 
Hingeston  stood  in  his  room,  and  Bro'  law  Walter  Stert  and  Sister 
Hurle. 

"  My  Bto^  W"  Allen's  Wife  was  delivered  of  a  daughter  22*** 
June  1683  at  Bridgewater,  named  Arabella. 

"My  Bro"^  Joseph  Allen's  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son  on 
Tuesday  mome  by  one  clock  in  y®  morneing  being  18***  September 
1683,  &  was  Baptised  by  M'  Nic°  Sherwil  on  Sunday  Evening  y* 
30***  September  1683,  named  Joseph. 

"Bro'  Samuel  Allen's  Wife  was  Delivered  of  a  Daughter  on 
Wednesday  by  nine  clock  in  y®  evening  28***  May  1684,  wch  was 
Baptised  by  M*^  Gilbert  Sunday  evening  8***  1684,  &  named 
Elizabeth  &  I  were  Godfather. 

"Broth''  Joseph  Allen's  Wife  was  delivered  of  a  daughter  on 


228  FIFTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

Tuesday  by  3  clock  in  the  momeing  31*^  March  1685  &  was  baptised 
by  M'  Gilbert  suoday  evening  5^^  Aprill  1685  &  was  named 
Thomazin,  &  I  were  Godfather. 

"  Bro*"  W™  Allen  had  a  Daughter  was  Baptised  Mary  29*^  May, 
1683  @." 

The  following  is  written  on  a  page  immediately  in  front  of 
the  title-page  of  the  Ephemeris,  but  upside  down : 

"  I  John  Allen  had  a  tooth  Drawn  by  M"^  J°*>  Doracot  23«*  day 
of  February  166-,^  @  &  had  4  scales  came  off  from  my  jawbone : 
my  jaw  being  ffistulated  &  hauing  a  very  great  filiix  of  Hume, 
were  inforced  to  haue  an  other  of  my  teeth  drawn  per  ye  s^ 
Doracot  on  y«  27  Aprill  1670  @  &  on  the  U^  day  of  June  1670 
I  had  a  very  large  scale  came  of  from  my  Jawbone,  after  this 
forme  ^  viz'  very  craggy  &  of  a  great  bignesse,  for  w*^  mercy 
&  (leliverance  as  alsoe  for  my  recovery  from  a  great  sicknesse 
caused  formerly  by  reason  of  this  my  jaw  I  desire  for  ever  to  bless 
&  praise  Almighty  God. 

"I  were  taken  sick  11*^  Aprill  1674  &  fell  into  a  very  violent 
feavour  w''^  kept  me  in  5  weeks,  &  on  19***  April  1674  being  Easter 
day  I  were  very  delirious  in  my  feavour,  &  soe  continued  fbr  some 
tyme,  but  by  y*  mercy  &  gooduesse  of  Almighty  God  I  recovered 
of  that  sicknesse,  w<^  I  desire  for  ever  to  commemorate  &  giue  God 
ye  praise  &  glory  for  his  restoration  of  me." 

Then  follows  six  pages  of  the  imperfect  Ephemeris,  and 
then: 

"-4  List  of  the  Majors  in  Pit/mouth  since  the  Regvlation. 

"  On  the  17*^  day  of  September  1661  my  ffather  William  Allen 
was  chosen  Major  of  PIym°,  &  by  an  act  of  Parliam*  there  was 
to  be  a  Eegulation  of  Corporations  throughout  England,  in 
pursuance  of  w^**  Act  my  flfather  was  discharged  of  his  place 
&  Trust  before  his  year  was  fully  ended  being  on  the  14***  day 
of  August  1662,  &  M'^  William  Jennings  was  y^  same  day  chosen 
in  my  father's  place,  to  continue  out  my  flfather's  tyme  w*^**  he 
should. 

"And  on  17*»»  September  1662  M'  William  Jennings  was 
againe  chosen  Major  for  y*  year  following. 

"September  1663  M'  John  Harris  was  chosen  Major. 

"On  the  17*^  September  1664  M'  John  Martyn  was  chosen 
Major  of  Plym®. 

"September  1665  M'  William  Harpur  was  chosen  Major. 

"  September  1666  M'  George  Strelly  was  chosen  Major. 

"September  1667  M""  Thomas  Stutt  was  chosen  Major. 

"September  1668  M'  William  Symons  was  chosen  Major. 

"September  1669  M'  Daniell  Barker  was  chosen  Major. 

'  Here  is  a  little  drawing. 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  229 

"September  1670  M'  William  Gotten  was  chosen  Major,  in 
whose  tyme  his  Majesty  King  Charles  y®  2***^  came  to  Plym®. 
"September  1671  M'  Peter  Scagewell  was  chosen  Major. 
"September  1672  M'  John  Lanyon  was  chosen  Major. 
"September  1673  M'  Henry  Webb  was  chosen  Major. 
"September  1674  M^  William  Weeks  was  chosen  Major." 

Another  two  pages  of  the  Almanack,  and : 

"My  M'  sent  for  me  ye  5  January  166J^  &  I  w*^  my  father 
came  to  Totnes  ye  7  Jann^  165^,  where  he  resided  w**^  me  till  y* 
10**^  Jan^  166f,  he  payed  y*  i  part  of  y®  mony,  w«^  he  was  to 
pay  for  mye  apprenticeshipe  being  the  summe  of  fifty  pounds. 

"  I  rec**  of  my  Father  y®  other  half  part  of  y*  mony  I  were  to 
give  for  my  apprentiship  being  ye  summe  of  fifty  pounds  on  a 
bond  given  by  my  fath'  January  2***  166j^.     rec*^  50£. 

"On  the  17^**  September  1675  M'  John  Dell  was  chosen  Major 
of  Plym*>. 

"September  1676  M'  Andrew  Horsman  was  Major  in  whose 
Majoralty  his  Majesty  Charles  2^^^  came  againe  to  Plym^ 

"  September  1677  M"^  William  Tom  was  chosen  Major. 

"  September  1678  M'  John  Munnion  was  chosen  Major. 

"September  1679  M'  James  Hull  was  chosen  Major. 

"  September  1 680  M'  William  Simons  was  chosen  Major,  who 
in  November  following  broke  open  the  Town  Chest,  contrary  to  the 
Consent  of  the  Justices  who  kept  the  keys,  &  sealed  a  Presenta- 
tion to  M'  Nich°  Clegat  for  Vicar  of  Plym®  but  on  Munday  8*^ 
August  1681  M'  John  Gilbert  was  Inducted  Vicar  of  St  Andrews 
being  before  Instituted  by  the  Bishop  of  Exon  D'  Lampleigh. 

"September  1681  M"^  Daniel  Barker  was  swome  Major. 

"  September  1682  M'^  Peter  Foot  was  swome  Major. 

"  September  1 689  M'  William  Martyn  was  sworn  Major." 

Another  two  pages  of  the  Almanack,  and  then  a  leaf  by 
itself: 

"  1"*  ffebruary  167f  I  John  Allen  did  then,  being  on  a  Sabboth 
day  Keceiue  y^  blessed  Sacrament  of  y®  Lord's  Supper  at  the 
hands  of  Doct'  Koger  Ashton  w^^  was  y®  first  tyme  I  ever  did 
Beceiue." 

Two  more  pages  of  the  Almanack : 

"the  14  of  March  I  came  off  from  Schole  at  Holland  1663. 

"the  19  of  March  1663  I  came  from  HoUand  &  landed  y«  20 
day  of  March  in  y®  morning  at  Harwich  in  Essex. 

"  I  came  y®  24  of  March  into  London  from  Harwich. 

"One  Tuesday  30  March  1669,  my  Mast'  M'  Ch"^  Maynard 
d|^MP>"*^ed  on  the  ffriday  after  2  Aprill  1669." 

L^^■^^^        /     ")  all  the  entries  on  this  leaf. 


r 


230  FIFTH  KEPORT  OS  THE  COMMrTTEE 

ADOther  page  of  the  Almanack  (the  last),  and  then  on  the 
top  of  a.  page,  the  lower  part  of  which  has  been  torn  out: 

"The  23  of  April  166+  I  went  from  London  &  came  at  Ply- 
month  y"  30  Aprill  1664." 

The  nine  following  pages  contain  these  entries  : 

"  My  Grand-mother  M"  Thomazine  Symons  dyed  in  Plymouth 
the  13"'  May  1658  &  was  buried  there  y*  18'''  of  May  following. 

"My  Maater  M*  Christopher  Maynard  dyed  in  Tottnaa  on 
tnesday  (being  y"  30""  March  1669)  between  six  &  geaven  of  y' 
clock  in  y'  evening,  &  was  buried  y"  ffryday  ffollowiDg  beii^  2"^ 
Aprill  1669  @. 

"  My  Unkle  M'  John  Jopo  dyed  in  Plym"  on  Satterday  the 
13'''  May  1671  about  one  Clock  in  y"  afternoon,  &  was  buried  y* 
tneaday  following. 

"  My  Miatris  (which  wew)  M"  Ann  Maynard  dyed  in  Plym"  on 
Wednesday  y  7'"  ffebruary  1671  aboue  9  of  y*  clock  in  y'  evening 
&  was  buried  10  ffebruary  1671  @. 

"  My  Vnkle  M'  Peter  Gtegor  dyed  in  Plymouth  on  Satterday 
the  Ifi*''  November  1673  about  fiue  of  the  Clock  in  the  morning, 
St  was  buried  the  Tuesday  ffollowing. 

"My  nephew  Samuel  Allen  dyed  in  Plym"  on  Tuesday  y*  18"" 
July  1676,  at  about  one  of  y°  clock  in  y*  moineing,  &  was  buryed 
the  Wednesday  being  y'  day  following  about  seaven  Clock  in  y* 
Bvaniog. 

"Coz"  John  Allyn  died  in  Plym"  on  Satterday  at  one  of  y' 
clock  in  y*  momeing  being  y°  22th  day  of  July  1676,  and  was 
huryed  there  y*  munday  following  in  the  afl«rnoon  being  the  24'^ 
July  1676®. 

"  Mr  John  Ford  Minister  of  Dartington  dyed  on  Tuesday  night, 
IwiiiK  il"-  June  1078  @. 

"  My  brother  Wilham  Allen  his  son  John  dyed  on  the  8"'  day 
uf  Ktthruary  1678  @  &  was  buryed  at  Bridgewater  where  it  dyed, 

"  My  father-law  Mr.  Walter  Stert  died  at  Brixton  on  ffryday 
ttkH  Hrat  uf  August  1679,  &  was  buryed  there  the  next  day  in  the 
«TC»tliK' 

"My  brother  Samuel  his  daughter  Grace  dyed  Saterday  IS*"" 
(tnwiDW  1 679,  &  was  buryed  next  day. 

^tJftMR  Oidaon  Allyn  dyed  on  fryday  about  noon  the  a"* 
4«>'»Mt   I'ii",  A'  wiu  buryed  in  Plym"  the  Munday  following, 

-■Kwi'li  ((luiivJIIMiniaterof  Bath  died  there  4  November  1680. 
• »»«'  W"'  Allon  hu  son  John  dyed  2'^'  December  1680. 
"CMMt  I'raiidU  (Iregor  dyed  Wednesday  night  30  March  1681. 
-St»  IrtUM  Mr,  William  Allen  dyed  in  Plymouth  on  Thursday 
^^Ml  Umw  I'lutik  In  the  morneing  being  l^^  October  1681  & 

^^•^tgmX  lu  HI  indrews  Church  in  Plym"  the  Satterday  15^ 


ON   DEVONSHIRE   RECORDS.  231 

"My  godson  Benjamin  Hingston  dyed  Thursday  8  Decemb' 
1681  &  was  buryed  Satterday  after. 

"My  Aunt  Blanch  Medford  dyed  in  Bamestaple  1  May  1682. 

"  Unkle  Medford  of  Bamestaple  dyed  there  19*^  January  1682. 

"  My  Mother  Mrs  Thomazyn  Allen  dyed  in  Plym®  on  Saterday 
about  4  clock  in  y«  afternoon  being  y«  29th  July  1676  And  was 
buryed  there  ye  Wednesday  following  being  y«  2°**  August  1676  @. 

"  My  Cozen  Mr  John  Gay  dyed  in  Bamestaple  on  Munday  the 
14**^  August  1676  &  was  buryed  there  17***  ditto  following. 

"  My  brother  Samuel  Allen  his  child  Thomasyn  died  on  Thurs- 
day 21*^  June  1677  &  was  buryed  y*  next  day. 

"My  mother-law  Mrs  Eliza  Stert  dyed  at  Brixton  on  10^ 
January  being  thursday  night  and  was  buryed  the  Satterday 
following  being  on  the  12**'  of  January  1677  @. 

"  My  Aunt  Jone  Allyn  dyed  in  Plym®  on  Wednesday  being  17*** 
March  1678  @  &  was  buryed  there  Satterday  following. 

"  My  brother  Samuel  Allen  his  child  Mary  dyed  on  Munday  23*** 
December  1678  &  was  buryed  25**^  being  X*ma8  day. 

"  My  Wife  Mary  Allen  the  daughter  of  Walter  Stert  of  Brixton 
Gent,  died  in  Plym®  on  Wednesday  about  10  of  the  clock  in  the 
forenoon  being  9***  July  1679,  and  was  buryed  in  St  Andrew's 
Church  in  Plymouth  ffryday  following  being  11***  July  1679. 

"  My  daughter  Mary  Allen  dyed  on  Tuesday  about  8  clock 
in  y«  momeing  being  22***  July  1679  &  was  buryed  in  St 
Andrew's  Church  in  Plym®  y®  next  day  in  the  evening  being  23"* 
July  1679. 

"  I  John  Allen  were  made  a  freeman  of  the  Town  of  Plym**  on 
Tuesday  y*»  17***  July  1677  in  y«  Majorallty  of  Mr  Andrew  Horsman. 

"I  were  chosen  a  Comon  Counsell  man  or  fower  and  Twenty 
man  of  the  Town  of  Plym®  on  Munday  in  y*  afternoon  at  y* 
Town  hall  being  y®  23'<*  day  of  July  1677,  and  being  then  from 
home  at  Brixton  and  y®  Quarter  Sessions  then  ending  I  were  not 
swome  untill  Munday  the  !•*  day  of  October  1677,  when  I  took  my 
place  accordingly  and  were  y®  same  day  swore  on  of  y®  Grand  in 
Quest  f^qcording  to  Custome. 

"  The  same  Sessions  I  were  swome  a  Juror  of  y®  presentments. 

"The  22***  Aprill  1679  being  Easter  Tuesday  I  were  chosen 
under  Churchwarden  with  Rich**  Phillip  who  was  cheif  for  the  year 
next  ensueing. 

"In  December  1679  I  were  chosen  under- warden  of  the  old 
Almshouse  w***  Ric**  Opie  who  was  head-warden  for  the  year  next 
ensueing. 

"13  Aprill  1680,  being  Easter  Tuesday  I  were  head  church- 
warden with  W™  Munnion  under  churchwarden  of  St  Andrew's 
Parish  Plymouth  for  the  year  ensueing. 

"On  12***  December  1680,  I  were  chosen  and  declared  in  the 
Church  to  be  head  Warden  with  William  Munyon  under  warden  of 
the  old  Almshouse  for  this  year  next  ensueing. 


232  FIFTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

"On  Satterday  29***  September  1681  I  were  sworne  Receiver  or 
Chamberline  of  y*  Town  of  Plym<*  Daniel  Barker  Major. 

"  I  am  chosen  head  warden  of  the  Hospitall  of  Orphants  aijd  y® 
Green  boyes,  my  time  begins  Michaelmas  1682. 

"  I  John  Allen  am  Dismist  from  being  a  Comon  Counsel  man  by 
the  new  charter  w«^  came  into  Plym®  7  July  1684  being  therein 
not  mentioned. 

"The  21  Aprill  1685  being  Easter  Tuesday  I  were  chosen  over- 
seer of  the  poor  of  St  Andrews  parish  in  Plym®  for  the  year  next 
ensueing,  with  me  John  Allen,  was  William  Munyon  and  Richard 
Hingston,  published  in  St  Andrews  Church  the  26^  Aprill  1685  @. 

There  are  then  thirty-seven  blank  leaves,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  book,  it  having  been  commenced  in  a  contrary  direction, 
are  eighteen  pages  virith  the  entries  given  below.  A  consider- 
able number  of  blank  pages  follow. 

"  Here  follow 

Observations  while 

I  am  in  y*  tyme  of  my 

Apprentisshipp 

&  after. 

"Tottnes  September  4"*  1665. 

"Came  here  into  Tottnes  Seth  L**  Bp  of  Exeter,  who  was 
welcomed  in  by  y*  Major,  and  his  bretheren  in  there  scarlet 
gownds  from  ye  higher  end  of  the  town  to  M'  Eveligh's  house, 
where  he  lay  that  night,  ye  next  day  y«  Visitation  Sermon  was 
preached  before  him  by  y*  Archdeacon,  &  after  sermon  was  ended, 
he  confirmed  about  a  thousand  &  went  that  night  att  S"^  W™ 
Courtneys  y*  high  Sheddues. 

"SeptemV  21.  1665. 

"My  Master  M'  Christ**  Maynard  was  chosen  Major  of  y* 
Towne  of  Tottnes. 

"1665. 

"There  was  a  terrible  plague  in  London  wch  continued  all  ye 
Burner,  there  dyed  in  one  week  14000  soe  y^  in  that  year  there 
dyed  more  than  100,000  people,  &  itt  was  hot  in  most  citys  & 
townes  eastward  unto  this  tyme  1666,  as  in  Harwich,  Ipsich, 
Colchester,  Yarmouth,  Southampton,  Norwich,  and  severall  other 
eminent  places  &  townes  &c. 

"  Now  this  year  1666  wee  have  warrs  with  the  Dutch,  the  french 
&  ye  Danes,  we  haue  had  a  warr  w*^  y®  Dutch  this  two  year,  & 
tradeing  now  is  extreem  dead,  &  rates  &  taxes  much  one  y®  country 
for  to  supply  his  Maj*"  for  to  make  oppose  his  enemys  in  this 
warr. 

"Also  this  year  1666  is  the  Royall  flfort  building  one  Plym<> 
Hoe,  &  a  great  p**  of  itt  finished. 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  233 

"  September  2<i  1666. 

"  Was  there  a  dredfuU  fire  in  y®  Citty  of  London  w*'**  consumed 
most  parte  of  that  famous  City  into  Ashes ;  itt  is  not  certainely 
known  how  itt  came,  but  onely  ye  immediate  hand  of  Grod  for  y^ 
Sins  of  y*  land.  It  began  one  Sabbath  Day  att  night  2^  7ber  66 
in  padding  lane  att  a  bakers  house  &  continued  untU  thursday  6^ 
of  y*  same  month,  &  burnt  downe  y®  }  parte  of  ye  Citty  to  ye 
ground  within  ye  wall  &  some  part  w"*  y*  walls.  This  was  y* 
dismallest  fire  that  ever  was  know  since  y*'  destruction  of  Sodom 
&  Gromorrah,  &  the  vast  losse  y^  y^  land  hath  had  by  this  fire  is 
almost  anconceiveable,  to  ye  vallew  (as  is  expected)  of  many 
milions  of  mony. 

"  1667. 

"  Wee  hane  stil  a  war  w****  y*  Dutch  fi&ench  &  danes  Wee  had 
Embassadors  wch  went  oyer  att  Breda  to  treat  for  a  peace  w^^  said 
3  nations  &  in  y®  mean  tyme  while  wee  lay  asleep  &  provided 
noe  nauy  att  sea  they  fortified  y°^  selues  strongly,  &  while  our 
Ambassadors  were  there  treating  for  a  peace.  The  Dutch  they 
came  over  and  invaded  our  land.  They  came  into  y®  Eiver  of 
Terns  &  stopt  all  shiping  from  passing  toe  and  fro,  they  broake 
throw  y*  chaine  layne  over  Chattem  River  &  came  into  Chattem 
&  burnt  6  of  y*  best  ships  in  England,  they  carryed  away  y* 
Hoyall  Charles,  &  keep  her  still,  and  made  her  for  their  Vise 
admirall  They  went  farther  up  ye  Eiver  &  tooke  Shippey  Island, 
where  I  understand  not  to  the  contrary  but  y^  they  are  there  still 
being  now  Jully  67.  they  live  there  &  quarter  in  Quinbourgh 
&  bee  as  if  they  were  natiues.  They  lye  still  in  ye  tems  &  its 
supposed  will  block  up  y®  River  for  this  year.  The  whole  land 
lives  in  fears  of  Invasions  &  poor  England  is  in  a  miserable 
condition. 

"1667. 

"Jully  §y  There  as  a  peace  concluded  at  Breda,  between  y« 
English  Dutch  fifrench  &  Dane  &  from  y^  tyme  all  acts  of  hostility, 
&  takeing  or  molesting  one  another  was  to  cease  w^^  was  welcome 
news  to  England  att  last,  being  in  her  low  condition. 

"The  3'**  September  1668  The  BisoP  off  Exeter  Anthony 
Sparrow  came  att  Totnes  at  his  Visitation  &  lay  at  M'^  Arthur 
Rook's  house,  then  Major  of  y*'  towne  &  M'^  Jn**  fford  preacht 
before  him  y*  Visitation  Sermon  The  Major  with  his  brethren 
brought  him  into  towne  in  there  scarlet  gounds  to  the  major's 
house. 

"  His  Majesty  Charles  y®  2»<*  King  of  England  was  at  Plym<>  in 
July  Anno  1671  @  while  I  were  att  Holland. 

"March  19***  167^  @  his  Majesty  of  England  w'*>  his  Counsell 
Declared  Warr  against  y®  States  Generall  of  the  United  Provinces 
of  the  Low  Countryes,  &  there  was  made  great  preparations  for 
warr  on  both  side.     As  also  ye  ffrench  King  made  Warrs  against 

VOL.  XXV.  Q 


234  FIFTH  REPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

7®  States  Generall  about  ye  same  tyme  &  in  order  to  fighting  ye 
Dutch  ye  £&ench  sent  over  30  saile  of  men  of  warr  to  joyne  w*** 
our  English  fleet  &  on  y«  28*^  May  1672  @  there  was  a  very 
bloody  flight  at  sea  between  us  &  y*'  Dutch  in  w^^  ingagement  we 
had  burnt  of  our  fleet  y^  Royal  James,  a  braue  ship  of  102  gunns, 
&  lost  our  Admirall  (under  y®  Duke  of  Yorke)  y*  Earle  of 
Sanditch  w^^  severall  other  braue  Comanders  but  noe  other  ship, 
but  a  great  slaughter  of  our  men :  as  likewise  y*  Dutch  lost  noe 
lease,  but  rather  sustained  more  losses  than  wee  in  y®  engagement 
flfor  they  fled  home  &  wee  kept  w*^  our  fleet  in  y®  Downs. 

"  A  short  tyme  after  y*  said  Engagem^  y®  French  king  in  p'^son 
marcht  w^^  a  great  army  into  Holland  and  tooke  aboue  the  one 
halfe  part  of  ye  Dutch  Country.  He  tooke  y®  famous  City  of 
Ytrecht  with  many  other  braue  Towns,  Aborts  Castles,  &  Garrasons 
soe  y*  y*  Dutch  of  their  seaven  Vnited  Provinces  had  not  aboue 
3  of  there  Provinces,  w*^  were  not  taken  by  y*  flrench,  and  all 
conquered  by  y*  s^  ffrench  from  ye  Dutch  in  a  mounth's  tyme,  but 
it  was  said  y*  ye  Country  was  lost  by  treachery :  soe  y*  ye 
commonalty  of  Holland  were  alwayes  murmering  &  almost  in  a 
constant  mutyny,  so  y*  y*  Comon  people  of  Holland  in  a  most 
savage  and  inhumane  manner,  murthered  y^  Pensioneer  of  Holland 
De  Witt  &  his  Bro*"  <fe  tore  them  in  pieces  at  y*  Hague,  tareing 
them  most  monstrously  limb  from  limb,  they  being  supposed  to 
haue  a  hand  in  y®  Treachery  of  y®  losse  of  y*  Country  All  these 
transactions  were  in  June  &  July  1672  @  In  November  1672  @ 
ye  Duke  of  Brandenburgh  &  y*  Emperor  came  downe  towards 
Holland  w'*^  a  very  great  army  to  y®  assistance  of  y*  Dutch,  &  in 
March  it  is  said  they  haue  deserted  ye  Dutch,  &  are  gone  home 
againe  to  their  own  Country.  Now  about  25'^  March  1673  is 
there  a  treaty  goeing  on  between  y*  English  French  &  Dutch  & 
y*  place  appointed  for  y®  Treaty  is  at  Cologne  or  Cullen  But  ye 
Treaty  there  came  to  nothing. 

"On  the  9**^  of  flebruary  1673  @  his  Maj^»  Commissioners 
signed  y®  peace  between  us  &  Holland  w*'**  was  i mediately  signed 
by  y*  Spanish  Embassador  for  the  Dutch  &  sent  to  Holland  for 
Eatification  by  y®  States :  &  all  acts  of  hostility  are  to  cease  on  y* 
8*^  March  1673  here  in  y*  Chanel  from  y«  Soundings  to  y«  Naz 
in  Norway  &  att  severall  other  tymes  in  remoter  places  as  by  the 
Proclamation  appears. 

"On  Wednesday  y«  8**»  January  1672  @  S'  John  Skelton  y« 
Deputy  Governor  was  interred  in  St.  Andrews  Church  Plym**. 
And  on  Thursday  9*^  January  1672  @  Coll^  Hugh  Piper  was 
appointed  to  bee  Deputy  Governor  in  his  p^ce  &  entred  his  Maj^^^ 
Royal  Citidel  at  Plymouth  on  y*  9*^  day  January  1672  @. 

"The  4*^  february  1672  y«  Parlament  of  England  Sate  &  Chose 
for  their  Speaker  S'  Job  Charleton  in  y*  roome  of  S'  W™  Turner 
who  was  sulvanced  to  honour,  to  be  L*^  Cheife  Baron  of  the  y* 
Exchequer  &  soe  is  a  Member  of  y®  house  of  Lords  since  w*^ 


ON  DEVONSHIltE  BEGOBDS.  235 

tyme  Sir  Job  Charleton  is  remoued  by  reason  of  his  sicknesse  & 
indisposition  of  body,  &  Edward  Seymour  Esq'®  is  made  Speaker 
in  his  place  who  came  to  y®  chair  w^^  his  sword  girt  about  him. 

"On  Tuesday  24*>»  ffebruary  1673  The  King  prorogued  ye 
Parlament  to  10^^  November  1674  not  one  Act  hauing  past 

"About  September  1673  The  tfrench  quitted  y«  City  of  Vtrecht 
for  a  sume  of  money  y®  Inhabitants  gaue  the  ffrench  y^  they  might 
not  bame  the  City.  Alsoe  ye  ffrench  have  left  severall  towns 
more  w°^  they  had  taken  from  y®  States  &  doe  dayly  quite  places 
in  their  Conquest  to  make  up  3^®  greater  army  in  y®  field. 

"  Aprill  9«»  1674  @  being  Thursday  the  Lord  Judge  Eaynsfbrd* 
hauing  ended  all  his  buisnesse  in  his  Circuit  came  from  Lanson  to 
Saltash  &  soe  in  a  Boat  or  Barge  came  this  day  to  Plym^  where  y* 
Major  &c  receined  him  &  y^  next  day  y^  Judge  rode  for  Tottnes. 
Ye  Judge  lay  that  night  he  was  in  Plym^  at  M'  John  Lanyon's 
who  was  then  Justice  of  y*  Towne  hauing  been  Major  y*  year 
before. 

"On  y*  11*^  August  1674  being  Satterday  y*  f&ench  army 
under  y*  command  of  y®  Prince  of  Condy  fought  y®  Confederate 
Armyes  being  ye  Emperors  ye  Spanish  &  ye  Dutch  in  w®**  Battell 
many  thousands  were  slayne  on  both  sides. 

"On  Munday  y*  2°^  October  1676  came  here  to  Plym<> 
Christopher  Munke,  Duke  of  Albemarle  who  was  honourably 
received,  &  entertained  the  next  day  by  Mr  Andrew  Horsman  then 
Major  of  the  Town,  the  same  day  y®  Duke  &  severall  other  Gentry 
to  the  number  of  45  persons  were  made  freemen  of  Plym^. 

"  Mr  John  Sparke  was  chosen  Burgess  for  Plym**  in  place  of  S' 
William  Morrice  deceased  on  Saterday  y®  10^*^  March  1676  @. 

"  Doct'  Roger  Ashton  Vicar  of  Plym®  dyed  on  Tuesday  y®  vi^** 
March  1677  and  was  buried  in  Rame  Church  the  Thursday  follow- 
ing being  29^^  March  1677. 

"On  Thursday  5**»  Aprill  1677  came  to  Plym®  Judge  Jones* 
and  went  home  ye  next  day. 

"In  May  1677  Mr  Heur^  Greens  worth  was  elected  Vicar  of 
Plym**  in  place  of  Doct'  Roger  Ashton  deceased. 

"On  Tuesday  morneing  about  6  Clocke  being  16***  August  1677 
came  to  Plym**  his  Majesty  Charles  ye  2°^  King  of  England, 
&  I  saw  him  often  times.  And  my  wife  had  y®  honour  of  being 
kissed  both  by  the  King  &  by  his  brother  James  Duke  of  York. 
During  the  King's  abode  at  Plym^  his  Majesty  knighted  Hugh 
Piper  Deputy  Governor  of  y®  Royal  Cittydell,  and  alsoe  ye  high 
Sheriffe  of  the  County  of  Devon  William  Bastard.  And  the  King 
went  hence  on  Satterday  in  y®  afternoon  18  August  1677. 

"On  Wednesday  Evening  being  the  5***  September' 1677  came 

*  Richard  Rainsford,  afterward  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench, 
b.  1605.     d.  1679. 

*  Thomas  Jones,  Judge  of  the  King's  Bench,  and  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Common  Pleas,     b.  1614.     d.  1692. 

Q  2 


236  FIFTH  REPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

to  Plym"  Thomas  Lampleigb  Lord  Bishop  of  Devon  and  Corne- 
wall,  y**  next  day  being  y*  visitation,  preached  before  him  Mr 
Greensworth  Vicar  of  Plym®  and  ye  Bishop  went  hence  for 
Tottnes  Satterday  8^^  September  1677. 

"On  Thursday  the  8^^  Novem'  1677  the  Duke  of  Yorke  had  a 
son  borne  who  was  next  day  Baptised  Charles  Duke  of  Cambridge, 
who  shortly  after  dyed. 

"Anno  1678  The  ffrench  King  made  peace  with  Holland  and 
Spaine  and  the  1"^  ffebruary  167f  the  ffrench  King  made  peace 
with  the  Confederates  in  Germany  as  the  Emperour,  Lorraine  &a 

"On  the  4  day  of  ffebruary  167f  our  parlam*  of  England  was 
by  a  prorogation  to  haue  satt  upon  but  the  King  by  his  proclama- 
tion dated  24^^  January  167f  dissolved  that  Parlam^  and  granted 
out  writts  to  meet  him  a  new  Parlam^  on  the  6^^  day  of  March 
167f. 

"There  was  a  devillish  plott  designed  to  be  acted  upon  the 
1'*  October  1678  w<*  was  discovered  &  one  Coleman  and  some 
Jesuitts  were  executed  for  being  actors  in  that  designed  plott. 
It  was  a  plott  contrived  by  Papists,  Jesuits  &  ye  whole  See  of 
Home  wf^  was  to  have  taken  off  the  King's  Life  &  to  have  altered 
our  Government  &  Eeligion  both  in  Church  &  State,  but  God  hath 
in  his  providence  miraculously  discovered  &  delivered  &  preserved 
us  hitherto  from  their  bloody  designes,  &  I  doe  with  all  true 
Protestants  trust  that  God  will  still  deliver  us  from  the  malice  & 
cruelty  of  wicked  &  bloody  minded  Papists. 

"The  Parlam*  of  England  was  Dissolved  in  January  1678  &  a 
new  Parlament  was  chosen  w*^**  Satt  on  Thursday  6*^  March  1678 
&  on  Sargeant  Gregory  was  chosen  Speaker  of  h.  Com'. 

'*  Upon  the  session  of  y®  new  Parlament,  the  Duke  of  Yorke  went 
from  England  to  Brusells,  being,  as  supposed,  guilty  in  y®  plott. 

"This  new  Parlam*  was  first  prorogued  to  y®  14  August  w*=^ 
parlam^  was  dissolved  &  a  new  one  called  vf^^  ware  to  meet  the  7*** 
October  1679,  w«^  by  Proclamation  was  putt  off  to  the  17'** 
October,  &  againe  by  proclamation  prorogued  unto  the  30  October 
lb 7 9  &  againe  by  Proclamation  prorogued  to   the  26^  January 

1679.  And  againe  by  proclamation  prorogued  unto  the  15***  Aprill 

1680.  And  againe  by  Proclamation  prorogued  unto  the  17*^  May 
1680.  And  againe  by  Proclamation  prorogued  unto  the  first  of 
July  1680.  And  again  prorogued  to  22  July  1680.  And  againe 
prorogued  unto  23^*^  August  1680.  And  againe  prorogued  unto  21 
October  1680,  at  w**^  time  the  Parlament  sate  and  Chose  William 
Williams  Esq^  Speaker  of  the  house  of  Comons. 

"M'^  Henry  Greensworth  Vicar  of  Plym®  dyed  Saturday  14*** 
August  1680  att  Trelawne  neer  Looe  &  was  buried  in  that  parish 
the  tuesday  foUowii^. 

"On  3«*  November  1680  S'  W"*  Jones  was  elected  Burgess  of 
Plym®  in  place  of  M'  John  Sparke  deceased,  who  with  S'^  J**** 
Maynard  are  Burgesses  in  Parlam*  for  ye  towne  of  Plym®. 


ON   DEVONSHIRE   RECORDS.  237 

"In  December  1680  a  Comett  appeared  here  with  a  long 
stream. 

**The  parliam^  were  prorogued  on  Monday  1***  January  unto 
Thursday  20***  January  1680  w*'*^  parliam*  18*^  January  were  by  y* 
Kings  Proclamation  dissolued  &  a  new  parliam^  by  y^  same 
Proclamation  ordred  to  be  chosen  to  sitt  at  Oxford  on  21*^  March 
next  1680  @.  w^^  Parliam^  sate  there  at  Oxford  seauen  dayes  & 
were  then  dissolued  28*^  March  1681.  After  w«>»  in  April  1681 
his  Migesty  gaue  out  a  Declaration  to  be  read  in  all  Churches 
shewing  y®  reasons  for  dissoluing  y^  two  last  Parliaments. 

"  Mr  John  Gilbert  was  Inducted  Vicar  of  8t  Andrews  in  Plym® 
in  place  of  Mr  Henry  Greensworth  deceased  on  Munday  8^^ 
August  1681,  haueing  before  been  Instituted  by  the  Bishop  of 
£xon  upon  a  lapps  of  the  aforesaid  vicaridge  into  y^  Bishop's 
hand,  a  contest  hauing  been  between  Mr  Nicholas  Clegat  and  Mr 
Anth<*  Homick,  both  are  put  by,  and  Mr  John  Gilbeort  is  Vicar 
of  Plym». 

"On  Sunday  about  7  Clock  in  y*  evening  being  12  ffebruary 
1681  Thomas  Thinn  Esq  was  murthered  in  his  coach  in  y®  Pal 
Mai  London,  by  three  men  on  horseback  with  Pistolls  &  Carbines 
set  on  work  by  Count  Charles  John  Coningsmerck  w^  3  men  shot 
at  him  &  wounded  him  in  severall  places,  of  which  in  a  few 
hours  he  dyed.  The  three  Murtherers  Vratz,  Borischey  &  Sterne 
were  found  guilty  &  executed,  but  y®  Count  who  put  them  on 
work  was  cleared,  sufficient  evidence  not  coming  ag"*  him." 

(e)  Another  almanack,  interleaved,  and  with  writing  paper 
added,  smaller  than  the  last  and  bound  in  leather.  Origin* 
ally  it  had  two  small  brass  and  leather  clasps  or  tags,  now 
lost  This  belonged  to  William  Allen,  father  of  the  writer 
of  the  preceding  diary. 

"Eiders  1671  Brittish  Merlin  |  Bedeckt  with  many  de  |  light- 
fill  varieties  and  useful  ve  |  rities,  filling  the  Longitude  and 
La  I  titude  of  all  capacities  within  the  |  Islands  of  Great  Brittain's 
Monarchy  |  and  Chronological  Observati  |  ons  of  principal  note  to 
this  I  year  1671  being  the  3"^  |  after  Bissextile,  or  |  Leap  Year,  | 
With  I  Notes  of  husbandry  |  Physick  Fairs  and  Marts  Di  rections 
and  Tables  to  |  all  necessary  uses,  |  Made  and  compiled  for  the 
he  I  nefit  of  his  Country  |  by  Cardanus  Riders  London  printed  by 
S.  G.  for  the  Com  |  pany  of  Stationers  1671  " 

The  entries,  some  in  short  hand  or  cypher,  in  this  little 
volume  relate  mainly  to  the  business  affairs  (he  was 
.  apparently  a  mercer  and  tailor)  of  the  writer,  and  copies  of 
a  few  documents,  &c.,  relating  to  public  matters.  There  are, 
however,  some  entries  of  a  local  interest.  Some  leaves  have 
been  torn  out. 


238  FIFTH  BEPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

William  Thomas,  Master  of  the  Content,  of  Plymouth,  is 
mentioned 


"1**»  Nov:  1671  Anne  Buidwood  lent  the  Towne  of 

Plym®  to  paie  p' 
Anne  Bnrdwood  lent 


^ 1    103" 
Plym^  to  paie  p^  Bond  at  6  months  .  j 

)  Bnrdwood  lent  Jn®  Woods  &  Peter  Schaggell  )  -./n^u 

to  paie  V^  9ber  1672  p'  bond  .  .         .  j  ^"^ 

Anne  Bnrdwood  lent  John  Mayne  and  Eoger  Ashford  )  ^qji 

for  one  yere  to  paye  in  Feb.  1672    .  .         .  ) 

"Mr  Geo:  Strilley  marie'*  16^  of  flfebruary  1670  to  Mrs  Anne 
Saint  Amen. 

"14  February  1670  The  Prince  of  Orange  set  forward  in  his 
homeway  way  for  Holland. 

"  Set  out  for  London  7  AprilL 

"  I  came  into  London  Thursday  ye  13*^  of  Aprill  1671  at  y«  3 
Cups  &  came  out  29**^  Aprill. 

"  22***  Aprill  1671  The  Parliament  prorogued  to  the  16th  of  Aprill 
1672,  thence  to  October. 

"  I  came  home  to  Plym®  from  London  by  way  Bath  and  bridg- 
water  the  8*^  May  1671. 

**  9***  May  1671  6  Gentlemen  Plotted  &  stole  the  King's  crowne 
out  of  y®  Tower  of  London  &  knocked  it  together  &  put  it 
into  a  beog,  seuerall  of  y®  Jewells  of  it  found  wantinge.  Three  of 
y*  Gentlemen  are  taken  &  y^  Crowne  found  about  on  of  them. 
They  were  carried  before  y^  King  at  white  hall  where  they  boldly 
told  y^  K  that  they  had  served  him  &  his  father,  &  were  not 
looked  vpon,  &  their  estates  were  taken  away  in  Ireland,  &  they 
were  ashamed  to  beg  &  were  vnwilling  to  rob  or  take  a  crowne 
from  a  poor  man,  but  thought  his  ma^^'^  was  better  able  to  bear  it. 
Two  of  y*  Gentlemen  were  ye  men  y*  set  upon  ye  duke  of 
Ormond. 

"  Sine  Capt  blood  y®  cbeifest  is  cleared  <fe  hath  his  liberty. 

"Bro:  J.  Jope  died  13  Maij  being  Saterday  about  3  or  4  of  y* 
clocke  in  y*  afternoone  &  buried  twesday  foUowing  about  4  of  y* 
clocke.  Dr  Ash  ton  preached  his  funerall  sermon  vpon  y*  31  psa. 
lO.v.  later  part  of  it,  *my  strength  faileth  because  of  my  iniquity, 
and  my  bones  are  consumed.' 

"  Monday  22  May  my  son  John  Allen  sailed  out  of  y*  Sound 
of  Plym®  about  4  &  five  of  y®  clocke  in  y*  afternoone  for  Holland. 
Jn  Cockram,  &  landed  in  holland  P^  June  after  5  daies  stay  at 
Douer. 

"June  1671  The  L^  Berckley  L^  Lent  of  Ireland  returned  from 
thence  into  England  &  y^  Gouermt  left  by  commission  from  his 
Ma*^®  to  the  L*  chancellor  &  Archbishop  there. 

"  This  moneth  the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  Edgar,  the  last  &  onely 
Son  of  ye  Duke  of  Yorke  died,  8**^  June  1671  at  Richmond. 

"14  June  1671  M'  R  frier  died  Wednesday  about  4  of  clock  in 
y*  after  noone. 


ON   DBVONSHIBE  RECX)RDS.  239 

"  The  D  of  Buckingham  made  L^  Chancello'  of  Cambridge  this 
moenth  of  June. 

"17  June  1671.  Ye  old  W°»  Warren  the  Vintner  at  ye  Fleece 
dyed  Saturday  in  y^  after  noone. 

•«12*»^  June  1671  The  Duke  of  Cambridge,  Edgar,  The  onely 
son  of  y®  D  of  Yorke  was  priuately  interred  at  Westminster 
Abby  amongst  the  rest  of  his  Eoyall  relations. 

"Pulled  down  my  house  in  y*  Market  Street  6*^  July  1671,  by 
W™  Midland  who  is  to  build  a  new  house  in  the  roome  of  it,  & 
to  put  in  all  things  whateuer  is  needful  &  carry  away  all  the 
rubbish,  &  raise  y*'  ground  before  &  behinde,  &  when  he  hath 
finished  the  said  house  hee  is  to  have  all  the  old  Materialls  of  y* 
house  &  1 20^  in  monie,  this  is  the  agreement  made  between  us. 

"Since  agreed  with  W"  Midland  to  pull  down  the  gallery 
between  y®  fore  part  &  back  part  of  the  house  for  5^*  &  on 
quarter  of  Lime." 

"  King  Charles  y*  2°<*  together  with  his  brother  James  Duke  of 
Yorke  came  from  Portsmouth  to  Plym^  in  his  Pleasure  boat. 
They  had  seuen  pleasure  boats  &  six  ffrigotts  to  attend  him  in  his 
motion.  They  landed  in  Plym^  at  the  barbicon  stares  Monday  y* 
17**^  July  1671  about  5  of  y**  clocke  in  y®  afternoone,  &  from 
thence  went  presently  to  y®  fort,  where  y^  Major  and  his  bretheren 
p'sented  him  w***  a  purse  of  Grold. 

"  The  K  &  D  lay  in  y®  ffort  &  next  morning  he  was  out  vpon 
the  hoe  by  4  of  y®  clocke,  &  thence  to  y®  Iland,  &  then  took  boat 
&  went  up  the  river  towards  Saltash,  &c,  &  afterwards  p  the  riuer 
to  Osen  [Oreston]  and  Lary,  &  returned  into  sutton  pooly  &  went 
round  it,  and  then  to  the  fort  to  dinner,  &  after  dinner  he  touched 
for  the  evill  about  18  persons,  and  at  5  of  y®  clocke  Twesday  y*» 
18^^  July  tooke  boat  at  the  Barbicon  starres  &  went  aboard  his 
pleasure  boat,  and  about  8  of  the  clocke  at  neight  set  saile,  &  went 
of  from  Plym**  both  the  6  frigots  &  7  pleasure  boats.  The  great 
guns  both  from  the  fort  &  iland  gaue  him  a  very  Loud  farewell. 
The  wind  being  contrary  he  put  into  Dartmouth,  &  from  thence  by 
land  to  £xoD,  where  he  came  Sunday  about  8  at  night  &  lodged  at 
the  Dean's  house.  The  Major  &  Alderni  of  y®  citty  waited  vpon 
him  there  &  presented  him  w***  500  Genneys,  upon  w^  the  K 
Knighted  the  Major  who  name  was  Ben :  Oliuer  a  Tucker  in  that 
Citty,  &  alsoe  the  K  Knighted  M'  Thomas  Carew  Judge  of  y*» 
Sessions:  Munday  Morning  early  tooke  couch  &  set  forward  for 
London  where  he  came  the  first  neight  to  Wilton  House  neere 
Sarum,  &  the  twesday  about  5  of  y®  clocke  hee  was  at  Whitehall. 
The  Duke  of  York  &  seuerall  of  y®  Nobles  kept  at  sea  as  not 
being  able  to  hold  out  in  his  Maties  swift  motions. 

"  July  25  S'  Tho  CliflFords  son  arrived  in  Ply m®  Sound,  whose 
body  was  brought  from  Legorn  in  y®  centurian  frigot,  on  Bowen 
Captaine.  Wednesday  26  the  bodie  was  brought  a  shore  at  ye 
new  Key  in  great  State  and  carried  to  y*  fort,  where  the  body  lay 


240  FIFTH  REPOBT  OF  THE  COMBilTTEE 

on  neigbt,  27^^  it  was  taken  from  thence  &  carried  in  a  couch  with 
6  horses  all  in  black  accompanied  w^^  many  Gentlemen  on  horse 
backe,  &  seuerall  coaches,  &  soe  in  state  was  conveyed  to  his 
father^s  house  at  Ygbrooke  near  Chidly  to  be  interred  in  a  vault 
under  the  new  chappie  wh  his  father  lately  built.  He  died  in  his 
trauile  in  y*  Duke  of  Tuscany's  country. 

"8***  August  1681.  John  Blood  on  of  the  crown  stealers  had  a 
pardon  past  y®  Priuy  Seal  of  all  treason,  misprision  of  treason  &c 
comitted  by  him  since  1660  to  this  present,  as  also  a  restitution  of 
all  his  Lands  in  England  &  Ireland.  This  man  was  on  of  them 
that  did  steal  the  crown  of  England  out  of  y®  "Tower  of  London 
&  yet  had  his  pardon,  to  the  admiration  of  the  people  of  England. 

"The  latter  end  of  this  moneth  S'  Anth:  Ashley  cooper  was 
made  Lord  Treasurer  of  England,  S^  Tho:  Clififard  made  chancellor 
of  y®  checker,  S'  John  Duncomb  controuller  of  y®  King's  house, 
these  great  offices  were  conferred  together. 

"  The  foundation  of  a  very  great  Peramidie  laid  this  moneth  near 
fi&sh  street  hill  in  London,  neer  where  the  filer  broke  out,  that  burnt 
the  citty.  Ypon  w^^  much  monie  will  be  spent  to  make  it  magnificent 
in  Eemembrance  of  that  great  Cities  destruction  by  fier. 

"The  King  y*»  Duke  of  York  &  the  12  Judges  of  the  land.  Their 
Statutes  in  full  proportion  are  designed  to  stand  in  ye  Guildhall  in 
London,  some  are  already  finished 

"E  of  Anglesey  made  Lord  Priuy  Seal  y*  place  of  y®  Lord 
Roberts  who  was  made  L^  Leiuten^  of  Ireland  who  was  suddenly 
called  from  thence  &  laid  aside  from  Publick  Seruice. 

"  The  conduit  w'hout  y®  old  town  Gate  new  built  by  W™  Cotton 
Major,  alsoe  a  new  pipe  added  to  bring  in  more  water  to  y®  Town, 
and  all  y*  had  the  water  before,  paid  10  yeres  rent  before  hand 
towards  it. 

"29th  7ber  Peter  Schagell  sworen  Major  of  Plyrn®,  he  was  elected 
17***  being  y®  Lord's  day.  There  was  a  great  ship- wrack  in  many 
places  in  this  moneth. 

"10  October  M'  Shute  of  Lehitton  in  Cornwall  chosen  Lecturer 
of  Plym®  for  3  yeres  from  Mis°  1671. 

"My  son  John  returned  from  Holland  18*^  of  October  1671. 

"Sir  John  Davy  married  to  ye  young  widdow  Mrs  Hele  this 
18th  October  1671. 

"  October  24**^  1671  The  young  M'^  W°»  Gold  died,  of  a  feuer  in 
y®  32  yere  of  his  age,  a  great  Losse  to  Dartmouth,  who  was  Burgess 
for  that  place ;  &  a  great  Losse  to  y®  Coimty  of  Devon  &  to  y® 
Kingdome. 

"25  October  1671  being  Wednesday  between  6  &  7  at  neight  there 
was  a  fire  at  y®  3  cranes  occasioned  as  supposed  by  some  child  that 
carried  a  candle  in  to  the  stable  w®h  burnt  down  two  large  Stables 
&  hay  lofts  and  much  losse  to  M'  Belle w  &  two  of  his  neighbours, 
M'  Tallant  &  M'  Cary,  much  household  goods  lost  &  spoiled. 

"  13  9ber  1671  p^  W°»  Midland  in  full  for  building  my  house. 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  241 

"  In  December  1671  Eatherine  the  youngest  daughter  of  ye  Duke 
of  Yorke  died  &  was  priuately  interred  in  H :  y^  7  chappell  at  y* 
Abby  at  Westminster. 

"26***  December  1671  I  began  my  jomey  from  Plym®  to  bridg- 
water  w*^  my  son  John  A.  agreed  then  w***  W™  Downing  for  2 
hoFsee  16/0  each,  for  y«  jomey,  all  30/0,  &  to  retume  by  Bam- 
Btaple,  but  if  I  stay  aboue  14  dales  w^^  his  horses  out  from  Plym® 
I  am  to  ad  12^  p  day  to  each  horse  aboue  &  besides  what  was 
agreed  for. 

**  December  1671  The  young  D  Monke  by  excessiue  drinking  of 
healths  w*^  a  certaine  quantity  of  gunpowder  in  there  liquor  w^'h 
they  drank  w^h  is  supposed  had  nere  cost  his  life  &  others  that 
were  w*^  him  in  the  same  designe  are  very  sicke  &  not  like  to 
recouer.  great  are  the  works  of  God  &  worthy  to  be  obserued  by 
all  men  where  they  are  done. 

"January  1671  The  Exchequ'^  was  shute  vp  to  the  astonishment 
of  the  great  Goldsmiths  &  Marchants  of  London.  The  ground  of 
it  supposed  to  be  their  demands  of  y^  K,  12^  per  cent,  w^'h  gaue 
great  offence. 

"  The  Navy  to  be  set  forth  this  springe  are  to  be  of  3  Squardrons 
w*h  these  comanders. 

,     ( His  R  Highnesse  y®  d  of  Y.  S*"  Joseph  Jordan  Vice  Admiral, 
(      8^  John  Hermon  rere  admiral. 

sj^    (Earle  of  Sandwich  Admiral.  S*"  Edw  Sprag  Vice  Admiral. 
(     S'  John  Chisley  rere  admiral 

S'  Geoiige  Askew  Adm:.  S'  J°**  Kemthorne  Vice  Admiral, 
and  the  other  not  disposed  of  by  reason  of  S'  Rob* 
Holme's  refusall.  in  all  50  Stout  men  of  warr,  15  fire 

Ships,  20  catches  w^h  as  many  victulers,  &  2  Ships  for  Hospi tails 
inidl  107  great  and  smale. 

"  The  young  L^  Seymor  Duke  of  Somerset  lately  dead. 

"  The  young  E  of  Southampton  eldest  son  of  the  Dutches  of 
Cleaueland  married  to  S^  Hen:  Woods  only  daughter,  who  is  sup- 
posed to  have  w^^  her  at  least  one  hundred  thousand  pounds  in 
Monie,  besides  an  estate  of  Land. 

"The  Dutches  of  Cleaueland  attempted  a  motion  to  the  young  E 
of  Northumberland's  widdow  who  is  supposed  to  have  y*  greatest 
estate  of  a  subject  in  England  but  was  scorfully  [desunt  ccetera],** 

A  copy  of  a  declaration  by  the  King,  Whitehall,  2nd  Jan., 
1671,  from  a  printed  copy,  follows.  Then  we  have  a  list  of 
"  Mercery  Wares,"  either  a  list  of  the  writer's  stock-in-trade, 
or  a  list  of  things  to  be  obtained.  "  Podesway,"  "  Lutestring/' 
"Farindine,"  "  Sarsnet,"  "Worsted  Camblett,"  and  "Hair 
Camblett  for  Cloaks,"  **  Scarlet  Popingy,"  "  Scarlet  Italianoe," 
"Eng.  Moheare,"  "Turkey  Moheare,"  "Silk  Royallissimo," 
"Worsted  Farindine,"  Silk  Farindine,  are  mentioned.  lists 
of  "  Silk  Wares,"  "  Linning  Drapery,"  "  Haberdash  Wares  " 


I 


242  FIFTH  RBPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

where  we  have  "Maidstone,"  "Flemish,"  and  "Outnall  thrids" 
are  also  given,  "Children's  Shooes,"  "Bed  fringes,"  "Bodices," 
•*  Moore's  Beauty,"  "  Hose."  I  think  these  Usts  must  refer 
to  intended  purchases,  as  among  other  confirmatory  entries 
is  "  1  neight  gown  for  Mrs.  Maynard."  Some  pages  of 
payments  then  follow,  among  others  "p**  for  3  ounces  of 
mannah  14<*.  3.6."  We  have  also  "  Spotted  Shag "  referred 
to  (Pepys  tells  us  that  he  once  bought  a  new  Shag  gown, 
trimmed  with  gold  buttons  and  twist),  also  "Sarsnet," 
"Tafifety  Plush,"  "Shallone  Sarges,"  "Silver  Coat,  Vest, 
and  Brest" 

"  Mrs  Anne  Maynard  the  Wife  of  Mr  Christopher  Maynard  of 
Totnes  died  the  7**»  of  ffebruary  1671,  between  8  <fe  9  of  the 
clocke  at  neight  &  buried  y^  10^^  ffebruarie  being  Saturday  in 
Plymouth." 

Here  is  an  entry  in  cypher  beginning  W"  A. 

"Mr  0  Hughes  Wife  died  15  flfeb  1571,  &  interred  17"»  in  St 
Andrewe's  Church  Plym®. 

**Doct'  Jn®  Cosen  Bishop  of  Durham  died  15^^  January  1671, 
w^^  Bishopricke  and  Principallity  his  ma^®  hath  taken  into  his 
own  hand  &  hath  appointed  S'  Gilbert  Garrard  K^  &  Baronet  to 
be  High  Sherrife  of  that  Principallity,  &  a  Temporal  chancellor  for 
the  managing  of  that  Palatine. 

"  Prince  of  Orrange  made  Capt  Generall  for  on  yere  both  by  sea 
&  land  of  y®  United  Prouences  of  Holland  Feb  1671. 

**  Mr  Samuel  Northcote  died  18***  of  ffebruary  1671  <fe  buried  the 
20*^  being  Shrove- tuesday,  &  his  daughter  Ruth  was  married  the 
twesday  following  to  the  young  Spurr. 

"March  13^^  &  U^  There  was  a  great  fight  with  y«  Dutch 
Smerna  &  Streights  fleet  who  were  meet  by  S'^  Eobert  Holmes, 
many  men  lost  vpon  both  sides." 

Then  follows  His  Majesty's  Declaration  15th  March, 
1671,  from  a  printed  copy,  and  His  Highness's  Declaration 
against  the  States  General  of  the  United  Provinces  of  the 
Low  Countries  17th  March,  1671. 

"Aprill  1672.  The  Parliament  sate  &  were  prorogued  vnto  y* 
30*^  October  next  thence  to  4  February  1672. 

"  In  this  Moenth  seuerall  titles  of  Honour  were  giuen. 

'*  E  Louderdale  made  Duke  Louderdale. 

"  L**  Arlington  made  Earl  of  Arlington. 

"  L**  Ashley  Cooper  made  E  of  Shaftesbury,  since  Lord  Chanc 
of  England. 

"  S'  Thos  Clifford  Treasurer  of  y*  Kings  house  made  Baron  of 
Chidley  {&  since  Lord  Treasurer)  &  vpon  y®  act  made  against 
papist  he  hath  laid  down  that  place  alsoe." 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  243 

A  relation  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham's  entertainment  in 
France,  copied  apparently  from  some  printed  source,  and  the 
following  account  of  the  battle  of  Southwald  Bay,  succeed : 

"20*^  May  1672  being  Whitson  Twesday  the  English  fleet  under 
the  comand  of  y®  D  of  York  E.  of  Sandich  lay  in  Solesbury  bay 
where  y*  Dutch  fleet  toke  their  advantage  &  destroyed  the  Royall 
James  after  a  very  hot  &  terrible  flght  burnt  her,  the  fight  con- 
tinued only  that  day  w^  great  losse  of  men  vpon  both  sides 
seuerall  captains  &  men  of  qnallity  lost  vpon  both  sides.  The 
E  of  Sandich  much  bewaild:  it  is  reported  that  he  should  say, 
that  he  was  barbarously  deserted,  wee  have  not  lost  on  ship 
besides  the  Royall  James,  but  seuerall  are  disabled,  &  seuerall 
comanders  slain  :  E  of  Sandwioh  of  y"  James,  Cap*  Digby  of 
y«  Henry,  S'  fred  HoUis  of  y®  Cambridge,  S'  Jn**  Cox  of  y*  Prince, 
vnder  his  Royall  Highnes  D  of  Y.,  Cap  Pearce  of  y®  St  Geoige 
&  Waterworth  of  y®  Anne,  &  Hannam  of  ye  Triumph,  &  Yennes  of 
y*  Alice  &  Tran  a  fire  ship. 

'*  Monsieur  de.  la.  Rabiniere  Rear  admirall  of  the  Frence.  & 
Elliott  of  the  Yorke.  &  Ludman  of  y*  Monk.  Two  more  of  y* 
french  Capt  that  are  wounded.  Seuerall  Lieuten**  &  inferior 
officers  are  killed,  whose  names  it  were  too  tedious  to  set  down. 

"  Of  the  volunteers  of  note,  my  L^  Maidstone  M^  Montague,  M"^ 
Ric^  l^icholls,  &  M'  Roger  Yaughan,  bedchamber  men  to  his 
Highnes,  M'  Trevanion  his  Gentleman  Vsher,  S'  Phil.  Cartwright, 
S'  Charles  Harbord,  Capt  Bromley,  Capt  Bennet,  M^  Cotterell, 
Capt.  Burgh,  Capt  Barry,  M'  Napier,  Brother  to  a  Scotch  L**,  M"^ 
Bowls,  two  more  Capt  of  y®  fl'rench  killed.  And  if  there  be  any 
others  their  names  are  not  yet  come  to  our  knowledge. 

"M'  Tufton,  2  ffrench  capt.  M'  Wren,  M'  Hamilton,  M'  Howard, 
M*"  Skelton,  &  M'  Hall  are  all  wounded. 

"  In  all  this  great  fight  it  is  certain,  That  never  any  Prince,  or 
any  priuate  person  was  in  an  action  of  War  exposed  to  more  danger 
from  beginning  to  y®  end  of  it  The[M]  his  Highnes  y®  D  of  Yorke 
wa&  His  conduct  &  presence  of  mind,  equalling  his  fearlesse 
courage,  and  carrying  to  change  his  ship  three  by  mere  setting  vp 
the  Royall  standard  in  each  of  them,  to  animate  his  own  men,  and 
to  braue  the  enemy. 

"The  number  killed  supposed  vpon  our  side  to  be  7  or  8  hundred 
&  as  many  wounded.  Besides  those  that  were  lost  in  the  Royall 
James,  w^'h  was  on  of  the  best  ships  of  England." 

There  is  then  a  memorandum  as  to  '*  goods  sent  by  Morris 
29  Aprill  1671.'' 

"  S'  Jn®  Chichely  Capt  in  the  Royall  Katherine  taken  &  carried 
aboard  y®  Duch  ships  &  many  other  prisoners  sent  to  Holland. 
This  ship  was  taken  &  retaken  againe.  Ye  narrative  was  larger 
but  here  is  not  rome  to  writ  it." 


244  FIFTH  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

Then  a  list  of  "goods  sent  by  Mr.  Baker's  waggon  26 
Aprill  1671,"  of  a  similar  character  to  the  last.  Eight 
persons  are  mentioned. 

"  The  Parliam^  is  prorogued  by  Proclamation  from  30***  of  October 
1672  vnto  the  4*^  of  February  1672. 

"The  Lord  Howard  made  Lord  Marshall  of  England  in  7ber 
1672  &  setled  vpon  the  heires  of  his  family. 

"  S'  John  Skelton  deputy  Gouemor  of  Plym**  fort  &  Island  died 
the  24**^  December  1672,  about  2  or  3  of  y®  clock  in  y*  afbemoone: 
&  was  interred  8*^  of  January  foUowinge,  &  Coll  Hugh  Piper  of 
y*  Hand  Apointed  deputy  gouemor  in  his  place. 

"  M'^  Francis  Porter  minister  of  Charles  Church  in  Plym®  died 
Sunday  29*^  December  1672  &  V^  January  foUowinge  was  buried." 

The  remaining  entries  in  the  volume  are  apparently 
unimportant  memoranda,  and  receipts  for  money  paid  by  the 
writer. 

(/)  A  book  of  twenty-nine  leaves,  containing  the  entries 
of  vicarial  tithes  received  by  some  clergyman  of  a  parish, 
probably  near  Bampton  or  Tiverton.  The  dates  are  from 
1574  to  1582.  It  was  presented  to  the  Institution  by  Col. 
C.  Hamilton  Smith  in  1834.  In  a  future  Eeport  we  may 
give  some  extracts.  This  manuscript  is  interesting  in 
another  way.  It  is  covered  with  five  leaves  of  parch- 
ment, parts  of  a  pre-Reformation  service  book,  to  which 
it  is  hoped  reference  may  be  made  in  next  year's  Report 

(g)  The  late  Col.  Charles  Hamilton  Smith  presented  to 
the  Institution  from  time  to  time  many  of  his  manuscripts. 
They  have  not  been  arranged.  They  consist  of  lectures  and 
papers  on  Historical  and  Biographical  subjects,  on  Ethnology 
and  Natural  History.  There  are  also  the  MSS.  of  some  of 
the  published  works  of  this  author.  (J.  B.  R) 

IV.    Plymouth  Municipal  Documents. 

Under  the  instructions  of  the  Corporation  of  Plymouth  a 
Calendar  of  the  Plymouth  Municipal  Records  has  been 
compiled  and  edited  by  Mr.  R.  N.  Worth.  It  is  dedicated 
to  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Councillors  of  the  Borough, 
and  is  of  great  interest.  From  time  to  time  Mr.  Worth  has 
given  extracts  from  these  documents,  and  there  are  two 
Reports  upon  them  in  the  Reports  of  the  Historical  Manu- 
scripts Commission,  one  by  him,  and  the  other,  which  was 
printed  earlier,  by  Mr.  John  Cordy  Jeafifreson.  But  those 
were  merely  indications  of  the  contents  of  the   Borough 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  245 

Muniment  Room.  The  present  volume  divides  the  docu- 
ments under  various  heads  as  under:  A,  Charters,  Letters 
Patent^  and  Connected  Documents;  B.  Ancient  Books  of 
Becord;  C.  Sessions  and  Constitution  Books;  D.  Freedoms 
and  Apprenticeships;  £.  Elections  and  Appointments;  F. 
Eeceivers'  Accounts;  G.  General  Accounts,  17th  Century; 
H.  Bentals,  Surveys,  and  Kecords  of  Property;  I.  Borough 
Courts, &c.;  J.  Collected  Papers;  K.  Churches;  L.  Charities; 
M.  Sutton  Pool  and  Cattewater;  N.  Water  Property;  0.  Hoe; 
P.  Royal  Hotel ;  Q.  Markets ;  R.  Official  Returns ;  S.  Deeds ; 
T.  Miscellaneous.  The  volume  concludes  with  a  very  good 
general  index. 

We  congratulate  Plymouth  on  being  the  first  in  the 
county  to  issue  a  Calendar  of  its  ancient  Records,  and  hope 
that  its  example  may  be  speedily  followed  by  other  towns, 
several  of  which  have  documents  of  equal,  if  not  greater, 
importance.  Mr.  Worth  has  done  the  work  entrusted  to  him 
with  great  care  and  much  ability,  and  the  book  is  a  very 
valuable  addition  to  our  local  literature.  (J.  B.  R.) 

V.  Manuscript  in  St.  Peter's  Church  Library,  Tiverton, 

Some  interest  was  shown  last  year  by  members  of  the 
Association  at  the  Tiverton  meeting  in  a  MS.  preserved  in  the 
Vestry  Library  of  St.  Peter's  Church.  The  following  account 
of  the  volume  may  prove  acceptable  to  Devon  antiquaries. 

The  volume,  as  we  are  informed  by  a  fly-leaf  at  the  end,  "  forms 
part  of  the  Library  presented  to  the  Rectors  by  Mr.  Newte.®  It 
was  removed  to  this  place  June  9th,  1872,  after  having  been  for 
some  time  in  the  care  of  the  Rev.  John  Spurway,  and  previously 
to  that  of  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Hughes,  Head  Master  of  Blundell's 
SchooL"  The  size  of  its  leaves  is  10 J  in.  by  7  in.,  and  the  volume 
is  1^  in.  thick.  The  binding  is  modem ;  a  footnote,  in  pencil,  at 
the  end  informs  us  that  it  was  ''Kepaired  by  Clerk  Sbarland, 
1830."  Probably  in  the  same  hand,  and  also  in  pencil,  the 
numbers  from  1  to  1 3  occur  at  intervals  of  eight  leaves  throughout 
the  book,  except  where  a  leaf  has  been  lost.  Thus  (calling  each 
series  of  eight  leaves  an  "octavo  ")  the  octaves  1,  3,  6,  6,  7,  8,  9, 

•  A  fonner  rector  of  Tidcombe  Portion,  who  died  in  1715.  This  library, 
although  it  has  suffered  from  neglect,  contains  some  rare  and  interesting 
volumes.  Among  these,  not  the  least  important  are  thirteen  volumes  of 
religious  and  political  pamphlets  of  dates  ranging  from  1603  to  1707,  which 
are  being  examined  ana  catalogued. 

Snell  {Chronicles  of  Twyford,  p.  160),  however,  says  that  it  was  left  by 
CoUis,  precentor  of  Exeter,  to  the  Library.  The  writer  of  this  paper  takes 
this  opportunity  of  expressing  his  regret  that  an  inaccurate  letter,  written 
privately  to  the  editor  of  The  Antiquary^  should  have  been  printed  in  that 
paper,  and  thence  copied  into  the  Chronicles  of  Twford, 


246  FIFTH  RBPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 

10,  and  12  are  complete,  and  the  tally-word  at  the  beginning  of 
each  corresponds  with  that  on  the  preceding  page.  Bat  octave  2 
has  only  seven  leaves,  the  first  being  apparently  missing ;  octave  4 
has  only  six,  the  omission  being  between  leaves  4  and  5 ;  pctave  1 1 
has  its  complement  of  eight  pages,  but  the  tally-word  at  the  end  of 
10  does  not  correspond  with  the  first  word  of  11,  neither  does  the 
tally- word  at  the  end  of  11  correspond  with  the  first  word  of 
octave  12.  It  may  be,  therefore,  that  two  whole  octaves  are 
missing,  one  between  10  and  11,  and  the  other  between  11  and  12. 
The  last  octave  consists  of  Only  three  leaves,  and  thus  the  whole 
number  of  leaVes  is  96.  In  certain  places,  e.g,y  between  octaves  6 
and  7,  the  leaves  are  very  much  soiled,  and  this,  with  the  necessity 
that  evidently  existed  of  numbering  the  octaves  previous  to 
binding,  proves  that  the  MS.  was  in  a  very  loose  condition  before 
its  repair  was  undertaken. 

The  contents  of  the  volume  may  be  studied  under  the 
following  nine  headings : 

I.  (Octave  1,  pp.  1  and  2).  A  Table  of  the  Eclipses  of  the  Sun 
and  of  the  Moon  respectively,  the  former  extending  from  1433  to 
1460,  the  latter  from  1440  to  1462.  The  footnote  at  the  bottom 
of  this  leaf  is  full  of  interest.  It  runs,  "  Explicit  Kalendarium 
secundum  laborem  fratris  Johannis  Somour  scriptum  Bristollie  per 
manum  Willelmi  Worcestre  ad  instantiam  Kicardi  Roper  Axmo 
Domini  1438®  incomplete,  et  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  6^  post 
conquestum  16®,  14®  die  mensis  Augusti  in  meridie.  Deo  gratias. 
Of  the  three  persons  here  mentioned,  Eichard  Roper  is  unknown  : 
he  was  probably  a  well-to-do  inhabitant  of  Bristol,  to  whom  the 
MS.  belonged.  John  Somour  is  described  for  us  by  Tanner  on 
Leland's  authority  (Bibl.  Britt  et  Hihem,  p.  681)  as  a  Franciscan 
of  Bridge  water,  deeply  versed  in  astronomical  learning  J  Complete 
copies  of  his  Calendar  may  be  seen  in  the  British  Museum.  But 
of  William  Worcester,  whose  autograph  we  have  on  this  leaf,  we 
have  still  more  definite  information.^  A  native  of  Bristol,  the  son 
of  one  William  Worcester,  who  lived  in  St.  James'  Bee  in  that 
town,  he  was  descended  by  the  mother's  side  from  a  wealthy 
£Eimily  of  Coventry,  and  often  called  himself,  instead  of  Worcester, 
by  his  mother's  maiden  name  of  Botoner."^     He  studied  at  Hart 

^  Somen  (Johannes)  sive  Somerarius  (ordained  acolyte  in  1398).  Fran- 
ciscana  ex  eo  coUegio  quod  apud  Gualteri  Pontem,  emporium  Somuratrigum 
frequens,  propter  Iveli  flaminis  ripam  situm  est,  Isiacis  in  scholia  gloriam  ab 
eruditione  partam  etiam  nunc  conservat  Studuit  philosophiae,  et  matheseoa 
recondita  mysteria  omnia,  felicitate  quadam  insolita,  significanter  aperuit. 
Extant  ejus  opuscula  Grantae  Girviorum  in  bibliotbeca  Petrina.  Vidi 
privatim  ejus  lioellum  De  quantitate  anni.     Ex  Lelando. 

•  See  Tanner,  Op.  cil.  p.  115,  Chalmers*  Diet,  of  Biography ^  and  more 
especially  Gairdner's  Paston  Letters,  passim  and  introd.  p.  cxiii. 

'  Introd.  cxiii.  of  the  Letters,  i300,  wbore  be  calls  himself  by  both  names 
at  once.  **  By  Worcestr  or  Botoner  I  have  V.s.  yerly,  all  costs  bom,  to  belp 
pay  for  bonetts  that  I  lose."    Of.  p.  301  also. 


ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS.  247 

Hall  (now  Balliol),  Oxford,  from  1434  onwards,  showing  himself 
especially  brilliant  in  astronomy  :^  and  it  is  only  natural  that 
Roper  should  have  employed  the  young  undergraduate  (he  was 
only  23  years  old  in  1438)  to  draw  out  the  explanatory  tables  of 
our  MS.  Two  years  later  than  the  date  of  this  MS.  we  find  him 
executing  some  astronomical  work  for  his  friend  and  patron  Sir  John 
Falstoif,  called  "  Stellse  verificatae^  pro  A.C.  1440."  His  Itinerary 
teUs  us  he  was  living  in  Bristol  in  1438  (Tanner,  p.  115)  and 
indeed  there  is  little  doubt  but  that  the  whole  leaf  is  an  auto- 
graph. The  writing  is  certainly  more  carefully  executed,  and 
generally  neater,  than  that  of  his  letters  preserved  in  Brit.  Mus. 
Add.  MS.  27444,  fi"37,  42-44,  53,  etc. ;  but  these  latter  were 
written  when  he  was  between  40  and  45  years  old,  and  a  young 
man's  hand  is  naturally  more  careful  than  the  epistolary  style  of  a 
man  in  middle  life.  It  is  noticeable  that  the  writing  of  the  MS. 
of  his  Itinerary,  which  was  written  when  he  was  63  years  old,  and 
is  supposed  to  be  in  his  own  hand,  is  so  bad  as  to  elicit  especial 
remark  from  his  biographer  ("  mauu  valde  deformi  exarato  "). 

II.  The  rest  of  the  first  octave  of  leaves  is  occupied  with  the 
calendar,  and  with  a  table  which  **  demonstrat  ad  oculum  ordinem 
et  spacium  duodecim  Signorum."  In  the  calendar  the  erasure 
of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury's  name  marks  the  influence  of 
Henry  VIII.^  Thus  the  name  is  erased  on  July  7th  and  on 
December  29tb,  and  on  January  5th,  which  last  day  was,  and  is 
still,  by  special  sanction,  kept  as  the  octave  of  his  martyrdom, 
even  though  January  5th  is  the  vigil  of  the  Epiphany.  This 
permission  is  only  conceded  to  England,  and  to  the  English  College 
at  Rome.  St.  PatrickWay  also  has  been  erased,  but  re-inserted 
by  a  later  hand.  At  December  15th  there  is  inserted  **Obiit 
Willehm  Rynkstone,  litera  dominica  A."  The  figures  in  black  ink 
throughout  the  calendar  seem  to  be  in  Worcester's  handwriting. 
The  verso  of  the  leaf,  which  contains  the  table  of  the  Zodiac,  has  a 
faint  tracing  of  a  picture  of  the  Annunciation  in  outline  merely. 

III.  The  contents  of  the  volume  now  commence  with  the  hours 
of  the  Virgin.  They  are  entered  through  octaves  2  to  6,  in  the 
following  order : 

(a)  MattinSf  beginning  with  the  hymn  "Quem  terra  pontus 
sidera.  The  leaf  torn  out  may  have  contained  the  Invitatio  and  the 
Venite.  The  Responsia  are  much  the  same  as  in  the  modem  use, 
but  the  blessings  are  different.  The  Te  Deum  terminates  Mattins, 
which  extend  through  eight  pages  and  a  half.     The  references  in 

^  "  Scientia  astronomica  prseflertim  inclaruit." 

•  Query  **  versificataB  "  {Paston  LeUeri,  cxiv.  Doto  i). 

'  **MoreoTer  he  made  a  decree  in  the  council  that  anyone  who  should  either 
keep  hia  feast,  or  mention  him  in  his  prayers,  or  call  him  a  saint  at  all,  or 
should  suffer  his  name  to  remain  in  the  calendar^  should  be  treated  as  a 
capital  offender."  (Sander's  Rise  and  Growth  of  the  Anglican  Schism, 
p.  142,  edition  1877  ;  cf.  Wilkin's  Cone.  iii.  836  ;  and  Perry,  History  of 
English  Churchy  vol.  ii.  ch.  ix.  §  21.) 


248  ON  DEVONSHIRE  RECORDS. 

the  Te  Deain  to  the  martyrs  and  to  the  Church  have  heen  partly 
erased  hy  lUtra-Reformation  zeal.     "  Munerari  "  is  read. 

(6)  Lauds,  from  octave  2  p.  9  to  octave  3  p.  5.  The  same  as 
Snnday  Lauds  of  the  modern  use.  They  are  followed  by  a  long  series 
of  Commemoration?,  in  which  it  is  noticeable  that  St.  Thomas' 
collect  is  crossed  out,  and  that  one  of  the  collects  for  St.  John  of 
Bridlington^  has  been  erased  and  re-inserted.  The  Commemora- 
tions extend  to  octave  4  p.  4. 

(c)  Prime  is  lost 

(d)  Tierce,  from  octave  4  p.  4  to  p.  8. 

(e)  Sext,  horn  p.  8  to  p.  10. 

(/)  Nones,  from  4  p.  10  to  5  p.  1. 
(g)  Vespers,  5  p.  2  to  p.  4. 
(h)  Compline,  5  p.  4  to  p.  9. 

Then  come  directions  for  different  feast  days,  eta,  extending, 
with  some  prayers  and  hymns,  to  the  end  of  octave  6. 

lY.  The  Seven  Penitential  Psalms,  the  Gradual  Psalms,  and 
some  others.     Octave  7  to  p.  15. 

y.  The  Litany.  In  the  Invocations  to  the  Saints  it  is  noticeable 
several  are  purely  of  French  origin  and  interest ;  e.^.,  SS.  Medarde, 
Gildarde,  and  Genoveva.     It  extends  from  7  p.  15  to  8  p.  8. 

VL  Vigilia  Mortuorum. 

a.  Vespers.     8  p.  8  to  p.  16. 

b.  Mattins.  J  8  p.  16. 

c    Lauds.    J    „    to  10  p.  15.    ^ 

VII.  Octave  1 1  begins  unexpectedly.  The  tally-word  at  the  end 
of  octave  10  does  not  correspond,  and  it  is  evident  that  perhaps  a 
whole  octave  has  been  lost.  Octave  11  consists  of  prayers  and 
devotional  offices  from  various  writers.     It  ends  abruptly. 

VIII.  Octave  12  contains  the  abbreviated  Psaltery  of  S.  Jerome, 
which  extends  to  octave  13  p.  2. 

IX.  Octave  13  2-4  contains  a  Prayer  and  a  Lection  on  the 
Passion.  The  last  leaf  is  a  blank,  except  that  thei'e  is  scribbling 
on  it  of  a  later  date.  An  English  rhyme,  in  cursive  handwriting 
of  about  Elizabeth's  reign,  runs — 

Thys  boke  ys  Won  and  Crysts 
cursse  ys  a  nothyr  he  that  stelyth 
the  toyn  shall  have  the  tothyr. 

The  MS.  is  in  a  wonderful  state  of  preservation,  considering  its 
ime  and  its  vicissitudes.  The  gilding  and  colouring  of  the  capitals 
M««  luoat  beautiful,  and  the  execution  of  the  painting  and  writing 
k  lai^ularly  delicate  and  attractive.  (G.  D.  S.) 

^  OC.  iHct  qf  Nat,  Biography,  Prior  of  Bridlington  in  1361,  died  1379  ; 
toiy»«UW4  U04.    Cf.  Tannbr,  Op,  ciL 


THE  STORY  OF  TORBAT. 

BY     PAUL    Q.     KARKEEK,     M.R.aS.,     M.O.H. 
(Reftd  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


Last  November  a  banquet  took  place  in  this  building 
[the  Bath  Saloon]  to  commemorate  the  reception  of  a 
Charter  of  Incorporation.  Among  the  guests  was  the 
Mayor  of  Plymouth,  and  in  wishing  prosperity  to  the 
youngest  borough  in  the  kingdom  he  said  that  he  repre- 
sented the  oldest.  No  sooner  was  this  speech  reported 
in  the  papers  than  a  discussion  began  as  to  which  was 
the  oldest  borough,  and  many  were  the  claimants  for  the 
proud  position.  I  do  not  quite  remember  who  had  the 
best  of  it,  or  how  it  terminated,  for  we  in  Torquay  took 
no  part  therein,  and  were  quite  satisfied  with  having 
thrown  the  apple  of  discord  among  our  neighbours.  We 
could  not  possibly  set  up  a  claim  for  antiquity  of  incorpora- 
tion ;  that  was  mere  incident  in  a  roll  of  history  like  ours. 
Other  towns  might  squabble  as  much  sis  they  pleased  about 
such  modern  matters  as  charters  of  incorporation ;  our  history 
took  us  back  to  periods  long  before  such  things  were 
invented.  Like  the  haughty  and  exclusive  personage  who 
could  trace  his  ancestry  back  to  a  protoplasmal  primordial 
atomic  globule,  we  began  our  history  very  far  back  indeed, 
in  fact  long  before  "  once  upon  a  time."  Whatever  may  be 
said  about  charters,  no  one  will  attempt  to  dispute  the  fact 
of  our  having  one  of  the  oldest,  if  not  the  oldest,  of  human 
habitations. 

This  habitation,  like  Rome,  was  not  built  in  a  day.  It 
would  be  very  difficult  to  say  how  many  millions  of  years  it 
took  to  build,  or  how  long  it  has  been  at  its  present  altitude 
in  respect  of  sea  level.  This  house — or,  to  be  more  par- 
ticular, Kent's  Cavern — was  on  and  off  the  abode  of  man  for 
ages  before  there  were  such  people  as  Duiids  at  work  on 

VOL.   XXV.  R 


250  THE  STORY  OF  TORBAY. 

• 

Dartmoor.  At  one  time  daring  these  early  chapters  of  our 
history  there  was  a  forest  where  now  flows  the  waters  of 
Torbay,  and  it  may  be  taken  for  granted  that  the  inhabitants 
of  Kent's  Cavern  must  have  hunted  in  its  groves,  and  killed, 
perhaps,  the  deer  whose  horns  and  bones  are  sometimes 
picked  up  on  Tor  Abbey  Beach.  I  am  inclined  to  place 
in  this  period  the  earliest  meeting  of  the  Devonshire  Associa- 
tion, inasmuch  as  it  seems  extremely  probable  that  the 
gentleman  of  Kent's  Cavern  would  like  to  meet  his  neigh- 
bour of  Brixham,  and  these  worthies  twain  would,  in  the 
greatest  amity,  discuss  such  interesting  topics  as  "The 
Timidity  of  Deer "  and  "  The  Best  Mode  of  Baking  Clams." 
All  we  know  about  this  period  we  owe  to  our  founder, 
Mr.  Pengelly.  His  researches  in  these  homes  of  our  ancestors 
have  revealed  them  to  us,  and  his  work  may  be  considered 
as  the  first  volume  of  "  The  History  of  Torquay  and  Torbay." 

So  much  is  clear,  and  then  come  but  empty  spaces  on 
the  shelves ;  in  fact,  the  peculiarity  of  our  history  is  that 
most  of  it  is  not  yet  written.  We  begin  in  first-class  form, 
and  then  leave  off  altogether.  Now  comes  the  work  for 
future  generations,  and  the  ideas  in  this  paper  must  be 
taken  simply  as  heads  of  chapters  for  other  people  to  write. 

What  sort  of  boat  was  used  when  the  forest  had  given 
place  to  Torbay  ?  The  so-called  ancient  British  used  the 
corracle  on  inland  waters,  but  such  would  be  very  unsafe 
craft  for  the  turbulent  ocean.  Perhaps  some  form  of  canoe 
was  in  vogue,  just  as  may  be  seen  in  use  to-day  among 
so  many  maritime  peoples.  The  Triads  claim  that  one 
of  their  bards  first  made  a  ship  with  a  sail  and  a  rudder.^ 
If  so,  shipbuilding  must  soon  have  degenerated,  because  the 
rudder,  as  we  know  it,  was  not  in  common  use  by  the  middle 
of  the  fourteenth  century ;  but  then  poets  are  addicted  to 
flights  of  the  imagination. 

Did  the  so-called  Phoenicians  ever  sail  in  Torbay?  I 
think  it  very  probable.  Tin  was  to  be  had  on  Dartmoor  as 
well  as  in  Cornwall ;  and  although  St.  Michael's  Mount  may 
have  been  a  most  important  station  for  the  Mediterranean 
trade,  it  does  not  at  all  follow  that  the  merchants  could  not 
have  ascended  the  Tamar  and  the  Dart,  and  thus  saved  a 
long  and  expensive  transport,  in  days  when  horses  were 
few  and  roads  were  bad.  If  they  sought  the  mouth  of  the 
Dart,  for  certain  they  were  at  times  in  Torbay.  In  what 
sort  of  ships  did  they  come  ?  In  the  sculptures  of  Sargon,* 
circa  700  B.C.,  they  are  represented  with  a  double  tier  of 

*  CambrO'BriUmt  vol.  ii.  p.  389.  ■  Chambers*  EnqfclopcRdia, 


THE  STORY  OF  TORBAY.  251 

rowers,  although  the  crews  do  not  seem  to  number  more 
than  twenty-five.  By  the  time  of  Xerxes  (480  b.c.)  they 
carried  a  crew  of  200  sailors,  besides  30  men-at-arms.  We 
may  then  conclude  that  their  vessels  would  be  large  enough 
to  carry  cargo  to  exchange  for  metals,  and  with  water  and 
food  enough  for  a  crew  sufficiently  numerous  to  row  when 
the  wind  failed. 

There  was  a  good  deal  of  commercial  intercourse,  previous 
to  the  Boman  Conquest,  between  the  north  coast  of  Gaul  and 
the  south  coast  of  Britain ;  and  many  a  Gaulish  merchant 
has  run  for  Torbay,  just  as  their  descendants  do  to-day,  in 
a  south-east  gale.  I  have  known  the  passage  effected  by 
fishing-boats  in  twenty-four  and  thirty-six  hours.  During 
the  Gallic  wars  Caesar  had  a  battle  with  the  Veneti,  a  people 
living  in  what  is  now  called  Brittany,  and  the  British  were 
there  as  allies,  and  fought  against  the  Romans,  a  circumstance 
CsBsar  did  not  forget.  "Their  ships,"  says  Caesar,*  "were 
built  and  fitted  out  in  this  manner :  their  bottoms  were 
somewhat  flatter  than  ours,  the  better  to  adapt  them  to  the 
shallows,  and  to  sustain  without  danger  the  ebbing  of  the 
tide.  Their  prows  were  Very  high  and  erect,  as  likewise 
their  sterns,  to  bear  the  hugeness  of  the  waves  and  the 
violence  of  the  tempests.  The  hull  of  the  vessel  was 
entirely  of  oak,  to  stand  the  shocks  and  assaults  of  the 
tempestuous  ocean.  The  benches  of  the  rowers  were  made 
of  strong  beams  about  a  foot  in  breadth,  and  were  fastened 
with  iron  bolts  an  inch  thick.  Instead  of  cables,  they 
fastened  their  anchors  with  chains  of  iron,  and  used  skins 
and  a  sort  of  thin  pliant  leather  for  sails,  either  because 
they  wanted  canvas  and  were  ignorant  of  the  art  of 
making  sail-cloth,  or,  which  is  more  probable,  because  they 
imagined  that  canvas  sails  were  not  so  proper  to  bear  the 
violence  of  the  tempests,  the  rage  and  fury  of  the  winds, 
and  to  propel  ships  of  that  bulk  and  burthen.  In  agility 
and  a  ready  command  of  oars  we  had  the  advantage  ;  but  in 
other  respects,  regarding  the  situation  of  the  coasts,  and  the 
assaults  of  the  storms,  all  things  ran  very  much  in  their 
favour;  for  neither  could  our  ships  injure  them  with  their 
prows — so  great  was  their  strength  and  firmness — nor  could 
we  easily  throw  in  our  darts  because  of  their  height  above  us, 
which  also  was  tlie  reason  that  we  found  it  extremely  difficult 
to  grapple  with  the  enemy,  and  bring  them  to  close  fight." 

From  this  description  it  is  evident  that  the  Gauls  and 
British  had  vessels  of  a  much  larger  size  than  any  Caesar 

'  De  Bello  Gallico^  lib.  iii.  §  xiii. 
K  2 


252  THE  STORY  OF  TORBAy. 

was  acquainted  with,  and  also  that  their  size  and  build  were 
consequent  on  the  rough  seas  and  weather  they  were  wont  to 
move  in.  Csesar  defeated  the  allied  fleet  by  cutting  their 
ropes,  so  that  the  sails  came  tumbling  down,  and  could 
not  be  hoisted  again.  This  also  shows  that  sailing  was 
relied  on,  and  not  oars,  because  he  had  previously  described 
the  benches  of  the  rowers. 

No  traces  of  the  Soman  occupation  of  the  shores  of 
Torbay  have  yet  been  found;  indeed,  this  chapter  of  our 
history  is  very  like  the  celebrated  one  on  Irish  snakes. 
Mr.  McEnery^  believed  that  the  Somans  had  a  camp  on  the 
Downs  between  Anstis  Cove  and  Babbacombe;  but  what 
the  Somans  wanted  there  would  be  very  difficult  to  explain, 
and  as  much  may  be  said  for  Berry  Head. 

It  is  a  popular  notion,  that  if  an  earthwork  be  somewhat 
rectangular  in  shape,  and  if  a  few  Soman  coins  be  found 
therein,  that  therefore  it  must  of  necessity  have  been  built 
by  the  Somans.  Long  before  the  Somans  came  the  in- 
habitants of  this  island  made  earthworks  to  protect  their 
homes  and  flocks,  just  like  other  primitive  people.  A  ridge 
of  earth,  a  ditch,  and  a  palisade  make  at  once  a  strong  defence 
and  a  secure  enclosure ;  and  if  we  could  only  ascertain  how 
they  provided  drinking  water  for  themselves  and  herds  in 
troublous  times,  we  should  be  solving  a  difficult  riddle.  I 
do  not  say  that  the  Somans  did  not  send  their  biremes  and 
triremes  into  Torbay;  indeed,  it  is  improbable  that  they 
should  have  neglected  to  draw  taxes  from  a  rich  country  like 
this,  and  they  may  even  have  had  a  castra  cestiva  here  at 
times,  but  signs  of  permanent  occupation  and  settlement 
are  missing. 

The  Saxons  came,  settled,  and  throve  here.  Whether  they 
slaughtered  the  natives  or  amalgamated  with  them,  or  treated 
them  to  both  methods  of  colonization,  is  uncertain.  They 
gave  their  names  to  places,  and  when  sufficiently  civilized, 
built  the  earliest  churches  that  we  know  of  here.  They 
introduced  quite  a  different  class  of  craft  to  the  waters  of 
Torbay  from  that  described  by  Ciesar,  and  it  would  seem 
that  the  art  of  ship-building  must  have  degenerated  under 
Soman  rule.*  Various  terms  are  used  in  the  Anglo-Saxon 
records  to  describe  vessels,  and  there  are  even  a  few  attempts 
at  pictorial  representation ;  but  they  were  only  large,  deep, 
open,  and  undecked  boats,  and  few  of  these  exceeded  fifty 
tons  in  burthen.     Their  prows  and  sterns  were  considerably 

*  See  McKnkuy's  paiM^rs  in  Trans.  Devon.  Assoc. 

•  N1CHOLA8,  HisL  0/  Royal  Navy, 


THE   STORY   OF  TORBAY.  253 

elevated,  and  sometimes  ornamented  with  efBgies  of  men, 
birds,  and  beasts.  They  had  a  single  mast,  to  which  was 
fixed  a  large  square  sail ;  but  when  obliged  to  go  against  the 
wind,  or  in  calm  weather,  oars  were  used.  It  is  doubtful 
how  many  men  they  carried;  but  the  crews  could  not  have 
been  large,  because  these  boats  were  of  such  a  size  as  would 
allow  of  being  drawn  up  on  shore  when  not  in  use. 

That  the  Saxons  were  not  allowed  to  enjoy  the  blessings  of 
peace  on  the  coasts  of  South  Devon  is  well  known.  The 
piratical  Dane9  troubled  these  shores  with  great  impartiality. 
If  they  could  burn  down  Tavistock  Abbey  and  capture 
Exeter,  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  there  should  be  a 
legend  of  their  having  burnt  a  church  which  the  Saxons  had 
built  on  the  site  of  the  present  St  Marychurch.  Their 
vessels  were  called  "snekar";  they  carried  from  twelve 
to  twenty  men ;  their  favourite  figure-head  was  the  dragon, 
hence  their  name;  and  they  were  coloured  black.  In  the 
Heimskringla^  there  is  a  description  of  the  ships  in  which 
Swain  made  a  descent  on  the  county  of  Norfolk  in  1004. 
The  prows  were  ornamented  with  figures  of  lions,  bulls, 
dolphins,  &c.,  made  in  copper-gilt.  The  shields  of  the  men 
were  of  polished  steel,  and  were  placed  in  rows  round 
the  gunwales.  Swain's  own  ship  was  called  the  Great 
Dragon,  and  had  the  head  of  this  beast  carved  at  the  prow, 
and  its  tail  at  the  stern.  They  carried  one  large  sail,  but 
rowing  was  what  they  put  most  reliance  on. 

Did  the  Danes  leave  their  name  to  Denbury,  or  must 
we  look  for  another  derivation  ? 

In  some  particulars  the  Bayeux  tapestry  may  be  trusted  to 
show  us  what  the  Norman  vessels  were  like.  They  had 
figure-heads  according  to  the  taste  of  their  owners,  and 
they  were  painted  in  stripes  of  various  colours.  The  mast 
could  be  lowered  forwards,  and  they  were  low  in  the  water, 
inasmuch  as  the  horses  they  carried  were  landed  by  leaping 
over  the  gunwale.  In  many  respects  the  Norman  vessels 
resembled  the  Saxon  and  Danish  craft  of  the  same  period, 
and  from  this  time  it  may  be  taken  as  a  rule  that  the  vessels 
built  on  the  French  and  English  coasts  diflfered  but  slightly. 
They  had  the  same  waters  to  live  on  and  the  same  winds  to 
contend  with. 

Not  long  after  the  arrival  of  the  Normans  a  new  element 
of  civilization  was  introduced  to  the  shores  of  Torbay. 
What  the  English  monasteries  may  or  may  not  have  become 
by  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  is  a  question  which  does  not 

•  Nicholas,  EUt.  of  British  Navy, 


254  THE  STORY  OF  TORBAY. 

concern  us  now,  but  when  first  introduced  they  were  un- 
doubtedly a  blessing,  and  with  the  founding  of  Tor  Abbey 
the  prospects  of  civilization  were  much  improved.  There 
were  churches  at  St  Marychurch  and  at  Tor  before  this,  but 
the  advent  of  a  number  of  devout  and  learned  men  to  work 
among  the  peasantry  and  fisher-folk  of  the  neighbourhood 
must  have  been  very  beneficial  It  is  strange  that  they 
should  have  gone  so  near  the  water's-edge  for  a  site  on  which 
to  build,  for  before  the  sea-road  and  wall  were  constructed 
the  waves  came  up  to  within  a  few  feet  of  the  Spanish  Barn« 

During  the  reign  of  Bichard  I.  larger  vessels  were  built 
and  longer  voyages  were  made,  and  more  enterprise  in  com- 
mercial matters  is  noticeable.  The  growing  importance  of 
Dartmouth,  coupled  with  the  difficulty  experienced  at  times 
in  getting  into  the  river,  must  not  be  lost  sight  of  in  con- 
sidering the  story  of  Torbay,  because  inside  Berry  Head 
would  be  the  only  shelter  when  the  wind  was  S.W.,  so  that 
many  vessels  would  be  compulsory  visitors  to  Torbay  whose 
real  destination  might  be  Dartmouth,  Plymouth,  or  Fowey. 

The  fleet  prepared  at  Dartmouth  for  the  Crusade  in  1189 
is  described  as  consisting  of  one  hundred  sail  and  fourteen 
busses.  They  were  vessels  of  great  capacity,  very  strongly 
and  compactly  built;  they  had  crews  of  fourteen  sailors, 
carried  forty  men  and  horses  with  their  armour,  and  pro- 
visions and  stores  of  all  kinds  to  last  twelve  months.**^ 

There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  Eichard  visited  Dart- 
mouth himself,  and  consequently  we  must  conclude  that 
John  was  the  first  of  Jlngland's  rulers  who  sailed  on  Torbay, 
inasmuch  as  he  visited  Dartmouth  twice,  viz.,  in  June,  1205, 
and  in  October,  1214,  and  on  each  occasion  sailed  for 
Dorchester.®  With  this  king's  reign  we  find  more  material 
for  the  history  of  ships  and  sailors,  and  notices  are  found  of 
"galleys,"  "galliasses,"  "long  ships,"  "great  ships,"  "cogs,"  &c., 
most  of  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  define  to-day. 

During  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries  many  wild 
and  terrible  scenes  must  have  been  witnessed  from  these 
shores.  A  very  important  chapter  of  our  history  has  yet  to  be 
written,  and  for  which  no  one  has  yet  made  the  necessary 
researches,  viz.,  that  on  piracy.  The  sailors  of  all  countries 
— and  the  English  were  just  as  bad,  if  not  worse,  than  their 
neighbours — were  ready  at  all  times  to  attack  friend  or  foe, 
in  port  or  on  the  high  seas,  with  or  without  a  reason.  No 
government  was  strong  enough  to  put  this  down,  and  people 

'  Richard  of  Devizes, 

•  "  Itinerary  of  Kin^  John,"  in  Hardy's  Description  o/Patejit  Rolls, 


THE  STORY   OF  TORBAY.  255 

were  only  thankfal  if  the  scenes  of  these  outrages  were  on 
the  opposite  coast  in  preference  to  their  own.  The  records 
of  these  times  teem  with  notices  of  murder  and  robbery 
committed  by  the  so-called  pirates ;  in  fact,  whatever  may 
have  been  the  state  of  the  king's  peace  on  land,  there  was 
practically  none  on  the  sea.  In  addition  to  this  normal  state 
of  affairs  there  was  but  too  often  war,  with  its  attendant 
miseries,  including  what  we  now  call  privateering.  Indeed, 
only  the  boldest  in  those  days  could  go  to  sea  in  any 
capacity,  whether  in  merchant  vessel  or  king's  ship;  the 
times  were  very  cruel. 

By  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century  small  ships  were 
being  replaced  by  larger  craft,  such  as  200  and  250  tons 
burden,  with  50  and  60  marines.  Many  had  two  masts, 
castles  fore  and  aft  in  which  to  station  archers,  and  the 
rudder  was  more  generally  adopted. 

During  the  turbulent  reign  of  Edward  III.  the  south  coast 
was  in  a  constant  state  of  turmoil.  The  pirates  were  very 
busy,  and  the  French,  after  the  defeat  at  Sluys,  revenged 
themselves  by  attacking  the  towns  on  the  coast.  Dartmouth 
was  often  threatened,  and  sometimes  attacked ;  Budleigh,  in 
1348,  was  taken  and  all  its  ships  and  boats,  and,  what 
was  worse,  every  one  in  the  town  worth  having  was 
carried  away  prisoner,  so  as  to  extort  ransom.®  Teignmouth, 
in  1340  and  1350,  is  also  mentioned  as  having  received 
a  like  attention.^  Probably  there  was  little  worth  capturing 
and  burning  in  and  about  Torbay  at  this  time,  or  some 
account  of  the  disaster  would  have  come  down  to  us.* 

Towards  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century  another  kind 
of  vessel  would  sometimes  have  been  seen  here;  viz.,  the 
Spanish  carack,  which  was  often  500  tons  burthen,  had  two 
masts,  was  very  high  out  of  the  water,  and  the  keels  some- 
times 112  feet  long. 

In  1512  there  is  mention  of  ships  being  pressed  for  the 

•  Nicholas,  HiM.  of  Royal  Navy. 

•  Roberts,  Social  History. 

•  *•  Richard  Lynsted  cam  thjrs  day  fro  Fasten,  and  letyt  me  wete  that  on 
Saturday  last  past  Dravale,  halfe  brother  to  Warym  Harman,  waa  taken  with 
euemyis,  walkyn  be  the  se  syde,  and  have  hym  forthe  with  hem  ;  and  they 
tokyn  ij  pylgremys,  a  man  and  a  woman,  and  they  robbyd  the  woman,  and 
lete  hyr  gon,  and  ledde  the  man  to  the  see,  and  whan  they  knew  he  was  a 
pylgreme,  they  geffe  hym  monei,  and  sett  hym  ageyn  on  the  lond.  And 
they  have  thys  weke  takyn  iiij  vesselys  of  [i.e.  off]  Wyntyrton ;  and 
Happysborough  and  Ecles  men  ben  sore  aferd  for  takyn  of  more,  for  ther 
ben  X  grete  vesselys  of  the  enemyis ;  God  yeue  grace  that  the  see  may  be 
better  kepte  than  it  is  now,  or  ellys  it  chall  ben  a  perlyoos  dwellyng  be  the 
se  cost" 

Agnes  Paston  to  John  Paston,  March  11th,  1450.    Gairdnsr's  edition. 


256  THE  STORY  OF  TORBAY. 

king's  service  at  Dartmouth,  Brizham,  Tor,  Totnes,  and 
Paignton  ;^  and  this  is  the  earliest  allusion  I  have  yet  seen 
in  which  mention  is  made  of  the  maritime  importance  of 
budding  Torquay. 

In  1576  the  Lords  of  the  Council  commissioned  a  Captain 
Holstocke*  to  proceed  to  Torbay,  and  attack  "thirteen  ships 
of  Flushings,  which  not  only  daily  spoiled  and  robbed  her 
Majesty's  subjects,  but  infested  &  troubled  all  others  that 
traded  upon  the  coast,  whereby  men  were  put  in  fear  in 
those  parts  to  make  any  voyage  on  the  sea." 

During  the  sixteenth  century  piracy  assumed  a  somewhat 
different  aspect  from  what  it  presented  in  the  thirteenth  and 
fourteenth.  If  Englishmen  took  a  turn  at  piracy  now  it  was 
at  the  risk  of  being  declared  outlaws,  and  getting  hanged  if 
captured.  It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  it  was  the  "  pirate  " 
Fleming  who  brought  the  news  to  Plymouth  of  the  approach 
of  the  Armada.  Some  of  the  best  of  the  western  landed  gentry 
took  to  the  seas  on  their  own  account — Carews,  Killigrews, 
Tremaynes,  Strangways,  and  many  others.^  If  war  came,  the 
Qovemment  engaged  them  as  privateers;  and  when  there 
was  no  war,  which  was  not  often,  then  they  sea-roved  on 
their  own  account.  When  it  suited  the  policy  of  Elizabeth 
to  keep  her  war-dogs  from  worrying  the  Spaniard,  the  afore- 
said dogs  would  have  starved  for  want  of  occupation ;  so  if 
they  could  not  fight  the  Spaniard  and  Frenchman  with 
permission  they  would  without ;  and  consequently,  either 
with  the  flag  of  Conde  or  the  Prince  of  Orange,  or  none 
at  all,  they  did  as  they  liked.  Some  of  them,  not  being 
particular  in  the  matter  of  flags,  adopted  that  of  the  Turk, 
and  ina^tead  of  bringing  their  prizes  into  English  ports  for 
sale,  took  them  to  Barbary  and  disposed  of  them  there.  ^ 
Among  these  were  Captain  Richard  Gifford  of  the  Fortune^ 
Captain  John  Ward,  Sir  Francis  Verney,  and  Glanville. 
James  I.  invited  some  of  these  to  come  home  and  settle 
down,  and  many  accepted  pardons,  but  as  many  preferred 
their  roving  life,  and  did  not  scruple  to  lead  the  Barbary 
Corsairs  against  their  native  land.  Occasionally  we  read  of 
one  of  their  victims  reaching  home  after  a  long  captivity,  as 
for  instance  in  1639  William  Adams,  a  native  of  Paignton, 
managed  to  escape,  after  having  been  a  slave  for  five  years 
in  Algiers.^  In  1636  it  was  advertised  in  Plymouth  that 
fifteen  sail  of  Turks  were  on  the  coast,  and  a  list  of  the 

'  White's  Chronicle.  *  Robebts'  Social  History. 

•  Froudk.  •  Roberts. 

'  White's  Chronicle. 


THE  STORY  OF  TORBAY.  257 

vessels  captured  by  them  was  given.  This  second  period  of 
piracy  in  our  waters  has  not  yet  received  the  attention  the 
subject  deserves ;  and,  if  I  mistake  not,  it  will  be  found  that 
many  of  the  historical  names  of  Devon  are  intimately 
associated  with  the  practice,  at  all  events,  as  late  as  the 
reign  of  Charles  I. 

The  Spanish  Armada  is  an  important  chapter  in  our 
history.  The  capture  of  the  Capitana  -by  the  BoeJmck,  the 
landing  of  the  prisoners,  and  their  incarceration  in  the  Barn, 
to  which  they  left  their  name,  and  the  division  of  the  spoil, 
must  have  given  rise  to  great  excitement  at  the  time.  The 
story  of  this  event  has  been  told  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Devonshire  Association  by  an  able  hand;  but  still  I  think 
a  great  deal  more  might  be  found  out  by  research.  It  is 
astonishing  how  few  local  letters  on  this  event  have  come 
to  hand ;  there  must  be  many  more  somewhere. 

Another  of  our  missing  chapters  of  great  interest  is  that 
relating  to  the  share  which  the  men  of  the  South  Hams  had 
in  colonizing  Newfoundland  and  developing  its  trade.  It 
was  so  far  advanced  in  1635  as  to  be  worth  a  lawsuit.®  It 
would  seem  that  tithe  was  claimed  on  the  fish  brought  home 
from  Newfoundland;  and  the  seafaring  inhabitants  of  St. 
Marychurch,  Tormohun,  Paignton,  Brixton,  and  Chui-ston, 
to  the  number  of  800,  resisted  this  claim,  and  petitioned 
the  Lords  of  the  Council  to  select  one  case  for  trial  which 
should  be  binding  on  all. 

During  the  Civil  Wars,  viz.,  in  1644,  Queen  Henrietta 
Maria,  who  had  retired  to  Exeter  as  a  safe  place  for  her 
confinement,  had  to  leave  there  suddenly  because  of  the 
approach  of  a  Parliamentary  army  under  the  command  of 
the  Earl  of  Essex.  Her  easiest  road  to  France  would  be 
by  sea»  and  to  prevent  this  the  Parliament  had  sent  a  fleet  to 
Torbay  to  intercept  her  should  she  attempt  to  go  by  this 
route.  Finding  this  way  closed,  she  made  for  Falmouth 
by  road,  and  effected  her  escape  from  thence. 

In  consequence  of  the  shelter  afforded  by  Berry  Head 
against  the  south-west  gales,  many  ships  of  various  nations 
were  wont  to  take  advantage  of  it,  and  thus  flags  strange 
to  British  waters  were  often  seen  in  our  bay. 

In  1635  a  fleet  of  twelve  Dutch  and  two  French  men-of- 
war  were  lying  there  at  the  same  time.® 

In  1664  one  of  the  king's  ships,  being  detained  in  Torbay, 
received  orders  to  capture  and  bring  to  Plymouth  divers 
Dutch  shipping  lying  there ;  and  in  1667  De  Ruyter  came 

8  White's  Chronicle,  •  Ihid, 


258  THE  8T0RT  OF  TORBAY. 

into  Torbay  and  captured  all  the  ships  lying  there  at  anchor, 
and  thus  returned  the  compliment^ 

In  1667  there  were,  in  the  month  of  April,  forty  French 
men-of-war  in  Torbay ;  and  in  July  of  the  same  year  the 
Dutch  fleet  of  fifty-five  sail  came  here,  and  being  resisted  in 
an  attempt  to  land  for  water,  set  fire  to  two  small  barks 
at  Torquay  and  shot  at  a  gentleman's  house  near  the  water. 
[Tor  Abbey.]* 

In  1688  a  very  important  event  in  English  history  took 
place  in  Torbay^  viz.,  the  arrival  of  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
afterwards  William  III.  This  also  has  been  fully  treated 
of  in  the  pages  of  our  Transactions,  but  here  again  I  venture 
to  remark  on  the  paucity  of  local  letters,  and  which  I  hope 
will  some  day  be  brought  to  light. 

In  1690  a  French  fleet  came  into  Torbay,  and  afterwards 
attacked  and  burnt  the  town  of  Teignmouth. 

In  1703  the  English  and  Dutch  combined  fleets,  under 
Sir  Cloudesley  Shovell,  assembled  in  Torbay ;  in  1740  the 
English  fleet,  under  Sir  John  Morris,  was  here ;  and  in  1745 
a  fleet  lying  in  Torbay  sufi'ered  great  loss  during  a  storm 
from  the  south-east,  the  Boyal  George,  the  Cape  Coast,  and 
the  Expedition  being  wrecked.* 

In  1751  a  small  French  fishing  vessel  was  wrecked  on  the 
rocks  under  Waldon  Hill,  and  several  Torquay  men  violently 
possessed  themselves  of  the  cargo;  but  Mr.  G.  Gary  and 
Mr.  Mallock  interfered,  and  some  sort  of  an  arrangement  was 
effected  with  the  owners.  This  notice  is  interesting,  and  in 
1771  the  following  of  like  import  is  found : 

"  The  brig  St.  Peter  from  London,  laden  with  groceries  for 
Exeter,  drove  ashore  in  a  gale  of  wind  about  a  mile  to 
the  westward  of  Tor  Abbey  House,  and  was  dashed  to  pieces. 
The  cargo,  worth  £4000,  was  for  the  most  part  lost,  but  the 
crew  were  saved.  Immediately  the  vessel  was  wrecked,  the 
country  people  came  down  in  great  numbers  to  plunder  the 
wreck,  and  even  robbed  the  captain  of  his  watch,  on  which 
Mr.  George  Gary,  of  Tor  Abbey,  armed  several  men  and 
secured  the  ringleaders,  who  were  immediately  sent  on  board 
a  man-of-war."* 

One  has  heard  a  great  deal  about  Gornish  wreckers,  but 
whether  they  were  any  better  or  worse  than  Devonshire 
or  Dorset  wreckers  has  yet  to  be  settled.  The  idea  that 
property  cast  on  the  shore  has  been  sent  there  for  the 
benefit  of  the  natives  is  common  to  most  nations,  and  it 

*  White's  Chronicle.  •  Ibid.  »  Ibid. 

*  Trewman*8  Exeter  Flying  Post. 


THE  STORY   OF  TORBAY.  259 

would  almost  seem  that  this  view  was  a  relic  of  barbarism 
that  had  to  be  grown  out  of. 

We  are  now  approaching  the  period  of  the  American  War, 
and  subsequently  those  with  France  and  Spain  under  Louis 
XYI.,  the  Bevolution,  and  Napoleon,  and  this  meant  war 
taxes,  and  smuggling  developed  thereby.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  to  what  extent  this  was  practised  on 
these  shores.  There  might  still  be  collected  many  a  story 
of  these  smuggling  days  by  visiting  the  cottages,  and  getting 
the  old  people  to  repeat  the  yarns  they  have  heard  their 
fiathers  and  grandfathers  relate. 

During  the  wars  just  alluded  to  fleet  after  fleet  assembled 
in  Torbay,  and  in  fact  the  growth  of  modern  Torquay  may 
be  assigned  to  this  cause.  A  ship  having  been  sent  to 
Torbay  to  wait  for  further  orders,  it  would  be  natural  that, 
the  officers  should  invite  their  wives  and  families  to  come 
down  into  Devonshire  and  stay  somewhere  near  the  ship. 
Torquay  must  have  been  very  small  in  those  days',  for  in 
1801  the  population  was  only  838,  living  in  143  houses;  and 
many  of  these  houses  would  be  at  Tor,  near  the  parish 
church,  and  others  scattered  about  among  the  various  farms. 
Some  idea  of  the  relative  importance  of  Tormohun  in  respect 
of  the  neighbouring  parishes  can  be  formed  from  the  follow- 
ing :  In  1798  there  was  an  assessment  for  a  county  rate, 
toward  which  Woolborough  contributed  £1  195.  Od.;  Kings- 
kerswell,  £2  35.  lO^d.;  Marychurch,  £1  195.  Qd.\  Abbots- 
kerswell,  £1  95.  3rf. ;  Tormohun,  £1  95.  3d.;  Cockington, 
£1  95.  3d,;  and  Paignton,  £3  3s.  4d,  This  influx  of  naval 
visitors  created  a  demand  for  houses,  and  to  meet  which 
slowly  a  few  houses  grew  up  here  and  there.  It  was  during 
this  period  of  our  history  that  invalids,  especially  those 
suffering  from  chest  ailments,  discovered  the  climatic 
advantages  of  the  spot;  and  just  as  the  Engadine  and  the 
Eiviera  in  more  recent  years  have  sprung  into  favour  as 
health  resorts,  so  in  those  stay-at-home  days  Torquay 
obtained  a  reputation,  and  which  has  lasted  ever  since. 

During  the  French  wars  nearly  every  English  admiral  of 
note  visited  Torbay,  including  Jervis,  Howe,  Bridport, 
St.  Vincent,  Cornwallis,  and  Nelson;  and  then  in  1815 
came  the  Belleraphon  with  Napoleon  on  board,  destined  for 
St.  Helena.  When  he  looked  on  Torquay  the  population 
was  about  1500,  living  perhaps  in  260  or  270  houses. 

Yet  one  scene  more  in  this  historical  drama.  In  1871 
Napoleon  III.,  the  man  of  Sedan,  came  here  for  rest  and 
quiet,  a  dethroned  monarch  in  his  turn,  and  with  him  that 


260  THE  STORY  OF  TORBAY. 

ill-fated  boy  Prince  Louis.  It  would  almost  seem  as  if 
Torbay  was  destined  to  be  associated  with  the  ill-luck  of  the 
Buonaparte  family ;  for  it  will  be  remembered  that  while 
under  the  orders,  and  in  the  charge  of  an  officer  whose  home 
was  on  the  shores  of  Torbay,  the  Prince  met  his  fate  in 
Zululand. 

What  a  panorama  has  been  unfolding  before  our  eyes! 
Just  consider  for  one  moment  the  varieties  of  craft  which 
have  sailed  on  Torbay ;  what  a  history  of  nautical  adventure 
and  naval  development !  Beginning  with  the  canoe,  perhaps, 
then  the  bireme  of  the  Phoenicians,  the  ancient  British  vessel 
described  by  Caesar,  the  Soman  galleys,  and  then  the  Saxon, 
Danish,  and  Norman  long-boats.  Then  the  tub-like  craft  of 
Plantagenet  days,  with  an  occasional  visit  from  a  Spanish  or 
Genoese  carrack,  and  these  succeeded  by  the  better  built 
but  still  ungainly  vessels  of  the  15th  century,  and  those  by 
the  caravels  which  fought  the  unwieldy  galleons  of  the  last 
Armada.  Those  in  their  turn  gave  way  in  Stuart  days,  and 
then  began  gradually  that  progressive  development  which 
terminated  in  the  three-decker  of  Copenhagen  and  Trafalgar. 
The  modifications  dependent  on  the  introduction  of  steam 
cause  fresh  changes  of  design,  and  lastly  the  modern  ironclad. 
One  is  tempted  to  exclaim,  "  And  what  next  ? " 

With  the  changes  in  the  variety  of  ship  have  also  changed 
the  men,  from  the  sailor  described  by  Chaucer  down  to  the 
Blue-jacket  of  to-day — a  little  more  civilized,  but  none  the 
less  just  as  brave,  as  full  of  adventure,  and  as  fond  of  the 
ocean  as  ever. 

Again,  what  a  succession  of  scenes  from  the  pages  of 
English  history  have  here  been  enacted!  If  we  take  only 
the  three  principal,  viz.,  the  Armada,  the  landing  of  the 
Prince  of  Orange,  and  Napoleon  on  board  the  Belleropfum, 
what  thrilling  interest  they  awake!  what  memories  they 
recall! 

The  history  of  Torbay  is  practically  the  history  of  the 
English  people — the  story  of  the  development  of  England's 
maritime  power,  and  a  record  of  progress  towards  that  phase 
of  civilization  which  we  enjoy  to-day.  It  is  a  history  worthy 
of  the  best  treatment,  and  which,  let  us  hope,  will  some  day 
be  bestowed  on  it ;  for  the  subject  is  a  grand  one,  the  material 
inexhaustible,  and  the  result  should  be  worthy  of  so  imperial 
a  theme. 


SIDE-LIGHTS    ON    THE    EAELY    HISTOET    OF 

TORQUAY. 


BY     B.     N.     WOBTH,     P.O. 8. 

(Bead  at  Torquay,  July,  1803.) 


Torquay  has  a  history — junior  borough  though  it  be — that 
does  not  yield  in  antiquity  to  that  of  any  other  town  in  the 
kingdom.  Unfortunately,  beyond  this  fact,  we  know  very 
little  else  about  it.  No  spot  in  England — indeed,  I  may 
fairly  say  in  the  world — has  given  such  evidence  of  the 
continuous  occupancy  of  man  as  Kents  Cavern;  an  occu- 
pancy which,  measured  by  the  social  scale,  dates  back  to 
palaeolithic  times,  and  by  the  chronological  compels  a 
geologic  standard.  Mr.  Pengelly  once  summed  up  this 
phase  of  the  record  of  Kents  Cavern  in  the  pregnant  words 
— it  was  "  never  discovered,"  it  "  has  always  been  known  " ; 
and  though  it  may  be  too  much  to  assume  that  Kents  Hole 
has  been  inhabited  by  man  with  absolute  continuity,  say  from 
the  inter-glacial  period,  it  is  plain  fact  that  it  has  been  the 
dwelling  of  man  in  all  stages  of  social  progress  from  the 
earliest  on  physical  record — that  in  short  it  is  about  the 
oldest  human  habitation  extant.  We  can  imagine  what  a 
history  that  would  be,  could  we  only  record  it,  in  which 
Norman  conquest  and  Saxon  settlement  and  Boman  invasion 
and  British  occupation  are  all  but  things  of  yesterday,  mere 
"  black  mould  '*  incidents,  behind  which  lie  cave  earth  and 
stalagmites  and  breccia,  with  their  relics  of  a  vanished  animal 
world,  and  their  traces  of  contemporary  man.  But  all  this 
we  can  only  imagine,  unless,  indeed,  we  take  the  method  of  a 
spiritualistic  adept,  into  whose  hands  I  placed  some  teeth 
from  another  Devon  cave,  and  who  had  "borne  in  upon  him" 
a  visionary  glimpse  of  its  history,  reported  thus : 

In  coming  in  contact  with  the  teeth  I  see  an  animal  like  a  fox ; 
I  think  it  is  one.     I  also  see  the  cave,  and  think  some  interesting 


262      SIDS-UGHTS  ON   TH£  EARLY   HISTORY  OF  TORQUAY. 

discovery  will  be  made  at  the  far  end  from  the  entrance.  I  have 
undergone  a  most  singular  experience  when  handling  these  teeth. 
I  seemed  to  freeze.  The  cold  seemed  to  penetrate  every  fibre  of 
my  body ;  in  fact,  I  felt  frozen.  Then  again  a  numb  sleepy  feeling 
took  possession  of  me.  I  felt  as  if  consciousness  had  *left  me. 
After  this  passed  away  I  was  conscious  of  a  fearful  noise ;  there 
seemed  to  be  a  grinding,  crushing,  splitting  noise,  and  the  fearful 
cold  returned  with  greater  intensity.  I  am  now  in  an  oblong  cave. 
It  is  not  very  wide ;  this  cave  was  formed  by  submarine  action,  an 
upheaval  and  split  in  the  solid  rock.  The  widening  of  the  cave 
has  been  the  work  of  ages.  I  see  an  abrading  action  caused  by  the 
decomposition  of  the  lime  in  the  rock  through  water  entering  from 
above.  I  am  not  learned  in  geology,  and  therefore  cannot  explain 
the  intense  cold,  nor  the  grinding,  rending,  tearing,  and  crushing 
rounds.  All  this  has  a  scientific  meaning,  and  no  doubt  if  I  had 
time  I  might  be  able  to  clear  up  all  I  have  seen  in  a  way,  at  least 
satisfactory  to  myself.  It  would  be  to  me  an  interesting  study, 
but  I  should  not  again  like  to  undergo  the  freezing  process.  I  see 
fiint  implements,  arrowheads,  spearheads,  and  hatchets,  such  as  I 
saw  in  Indian  tumuli  in  Alabama,  U.S.A.  I  also  see  bones  of 
bears  and  animals  that  look  like  lions,  and  even  very  huge  animals. 
I  see  the  animals  and  their  bones  deep  down  below  the  present 
surface. 

I  presume  that,  save  to  an  enthusiast,  such  a  narrative 
will  be  deemed  too  uncertain  a  foundation  whereon  to  erect 
anything  more  substantial  than  the  "airy  fabric  of  a  vision"; 
so  for  our  side-lights  we  must  seek  elsewhere. 

It  is  generally  assumed  that,  save  for  the  pretty  bit  of 
historical  romance  which  depicts  Vespasian  landing  in 
Torbay  and  marching  thence  upon  Exeter, — the  earliest 
suggested  authority  for  which  is  some  eight  hundred  years 
after  the  event, — the  first  written  allusions  to  the  locality 
are  to  be  found  in  the  eleventh  century,  and  chiefly  in 
Domesday,  But  this  is  not  so.  As  I  pointed  out  at  Seaton, 
in  my  "Notes  on  the  Ancient  Recorded  Topography  of 
Devon,"  ^  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  one  of  the 
"  British  cities  and  strengths,"  (civitates  et  castra)  in  the 
seventh-century  list  of  the  anonymous  Chorographer  of 
llavenna»  not  only  stood  upon  the  shores  of  Torbay,  but 
occupied  part  of  the  site  of  what  is  now  Torquay.  This 
is  Apaunaris,  which  follows  Milidunum,  the  Ravennat's  name 
for  tne  great  earthworks  on  Milber  Down.  There  the  identity 
of  names  is  clear  enough,  but  for  Apaunaris  some  of  us  may 
xmA  a  little  help.    Yet  the  clue  is  very  simple.    This  old 

*  Trans,  Dev.  Assoc,  xvii.  325  et  seq. 


SIDE-LIGHTS  ON  THE  EAKLY  HISTORY  OF  TORQUAY.      263 

Italian  topographer,  as  examination  of  his  list  clearly  shows, 
knew  Saxon,  but  did  not  know  Keltic.  The  Keltic  namQ$, 
or  parts  of  names,  in  his  list  he  put  in  a  Latinized  dress  as 
he  found  them.  The  Saxon  or  Norse  names  or  parts  of  names 
he  translated.  Here  "naris"  stands  for  "ness"  or  "nose";  in 
Apa  we  at  once  recognise  the  more  familiar  Hope;  and  in 
Apaunaris  therefore  read  Hopes  Nose. 

I  may  add  that  the  Eavennat  does  precisely  the  same 
thing  elsewhere,  as  at  Launceston.  The  Saxon  name  of  that 
place  was  Dunheafod ;  Heafod  or  head  he  translates  by 
caronavis,  and  then  makes  the  whole  name  Durocoronavis. 

But  to  return  to  Hopes  Nose.  I  may  be  told  that  Hope 
is  one  syllable  and  Apau  two.  The  loss  of  a  syllable  in 
the  course  of  a  dozen  centuries  would  be  nothing  remarkable, 
but,  as  it  happens,  we  have  in  this  instance  the  same  prefix 
remaining  intact  in  ffappawsiy  Hill ;  and  still  more  promin- 
ently in  Bahhacomhe,  Nor  have  physical  traces  been 
wanting — teste  the  earthworks  once  existing  on  Warberry, 
which  in  all  probability  formed  the  cincture  of  this  ancient 
town ;  and  the  remains  of  the  still  earlier  cliflf  castle,  formed 
by  the  rude  wall  cutting  off  the  headland  at  Babbacombe. 

I  am  aware  that  it  has  been  the  fashion  to  dub  the  former, 
at  any  rate,  Roman,  and  to  link  them  with  the  ramparts  of 
the  presumed  Roman  camp  on  Berry  Head.  But  beyond  a 
few  scattered  coins  and  a  little  pottery  there  is  no  evidence 
whatever  of  the  presence  of  the  llomans  in  the  district.  The 
earthworks  on  Warberry  were  never  examined  by  any 
competent  antiquary,  and  there  is  nothing  Roman  traceable 
in  the  descriptions.  The  rampart  on  Berry  Head  was 
enquired  into  by  a  competent  antiquary,  the  late  Mr.  Henry 
WooUcombe,  and  he  was  quite  certain  that  there  was 
nothing  Roman  about  it.  The  manufacture  of  Roman 
antiquities  in  this  kingdom  some  century  since  seems  only 
paralleled  by  the  Druidical.  When  an  antiquity  of  uncertain 
date  was  then  thought  equally  doubtful  in  character — if  it 
was  not  Druidical,  it  was  Roman;  if  not  Roman,  it  was 
Druidical — a  short  and  easy  way  with  antiquarian  dissenters. 

To  return  to  our  ''Apa"  or  "Babba."  It  seems  to  me 
that  this  is  by  far  the  most  valuable  hint  we  have  for  the 
unwritten  history  of  Torquay.  Let  it  be  borne  in  mind  that 
on  this  part  of  the  coast  of  Devon  we  have  distinct 
nomenclatural  evidence  of  Norse  presence  and  settlement — 
witness  the  Ness  at  Teignmouth  ;  add  to  this  the  significant 
fact  that  Papa  is  a  frequent  prefix  to  the  names  of  the 
further  islands  in  our  northern  seas,  and  we  reach  a  most 


264      SIDE-UGHTS  ON  THE  EARLY  HISTORY   OF  TORQUAY. 

important  suggestion.  The  reason  why  these  particular 
islands  were  (Ustinguished  by  that  prefix  was  the  presence 
upon  them  of  a  priest  or  father  =  papa.  Put  the  two  things 
together — the  fact  of  Norse  presence  and  influence — the  use 
of  the  same  distinguishing  prefixes  (for  p  and  h  are  only 
lighter  and  heavier  forms  of  the  same  sound) ;  and  the  plain 
deduction  is  that  this  early  Torquay  (but  very,  very  far  from 
the  earliest)  which  has  been  handed  down  to  us  by  the  name 
of  Apaunaris,  took  title  from  the  fact  of  its  being  the 
residence  of  a  Christian  priest.  It  was  the  headland  where 
the  priest  dwelt — headland  being  used  as  applying  generally 
to  the  whole  promontorial  district,  rather  than  to  the  actual 
limited  point.  Happaway  and  Babbacombe  are  of  course 
later  phases. 

And  this  will  help  us  to  understand  the  remarkable 
prominence  as  a  religious  centre  in  Saxon  times  of  St. 
Marychurch.  Even  at  the  Norman  Conquest  it  must  have 
been  a  foundation  of  considerable  antiquity ;  and  it  may 
well  be  a  relic  of  the  ancient  British  Church,  of  the  days 
before  Augustine.  It  would  be  the  most  natural  thing  in 
the  world  for  the  northern  settlers,  if  they  found  a  priest 
living  on  the  shores  of  Torbay  on  their  arrival,  to  adopt 
forthwith  the  distinguishing  prefix  to  which  they  were  so 
well  accustomed.  Of  course,  this  is  largely  a  matter  of 
inference — yet  there  is  not  only  a  name  to  be  accounted  for ; 
but  this  remarkable  fact  of  religious  prominence,  and  the 
hypothesis  has  at  least  the  merit  of  meeting  aU  the 
conditions  and  violating  none. 

Monsignor  Brownlow,  in  his  admirable  paper  on  the  "  Early 
History  of  St.  Marychurch,"^  questioned  the  existence  of  traces 
of  Keltic  nomenclature  in  the  locality,  with  special  reference 
to  my  suggestion  that  in  the  first  syllable  of  Cockington 
we  have  the  Keltic  C(9c^  =  red.  Dabblers  in  etymology  are 
always  more  or  less  hardened  in  their  sins,  and  the  lapse  of 
time  has  made  me  cling  to  the  old  and  commit  new.  It 
seems  to  me,  in  this  particular  case,  that  nothing  could  be 
more  accuratively  descriptive.  I  admit  of  course  that  Saxon 
names  predominate,  as  in  IlsAam,  Brix^ar/i,  St.  MarycAwrcA, 
Barton,  Churs^on,  EdginsiicW,  Meadfoot,  Up^tm,  and  many 
others.  But  I  think  the  traces  of  the  Kelt  by  no  means 
slight. 

Take  Kents  Hole  for  a  first  example.  What  is  this  Kent 
but  the  same  Keltic  word  we  have  in  Cown^isbury,  in  Kenn, 
Kenton,   ATmrisbeare,    ifin^erbury,    and    elsewhere    in    this 

•  Trans.  Dev.  Assoc,  xviii. 


SIDE-LIGHTS   ON  THE  EARLY   HISTORY   OF  TORQUAY.      265 

county,  and  by  way  of  further  illustration  in  Canterbury — 
and  which  means  an  edge,  border,  or  headland.  The  Keltic 
kerU  and  the  Norse  ness  were  practically  equivalents :  and 
there  is  no  greater  difficulty  in  understanding  why  a  cavern 
so  well  known  in  ancient  as  in  modern  times  should  be 
called  Kents  Hole ;  than  there  is  accepting  Countisbury  and 
Kinterbury  and  Canterbury  as  alike  meaning  the  earthwork 
on  the  headland  or  on  the  promontory.  The  county  of  Kent 
was  so-called  from  its  promontorial  character,  and  Canterbury 
was  its  chief  burgh.  We  have  here  the  hole  of  the  **  Kent " 
instead  of  the  bu7y,  that  is  all.  The  usual  apostrophe  before 
the  "  s  "  is  a  misleading  corruption. 

Then  there  is  Maidencombe.  Here  we  have  the  Keltic 
maen  for  rock  or  stone,  as  in  the  stone  circles  of  Cornwall 
called  by  a  similar  corruption  the  "  Merry  Maidens,"  though 
the  word  more  frequently  takes  the  form  of  "  man."  It  is  far 
more  likely  that  the  "  War "  in  Warberry  stands  for  warth 
=  high,  than  for  the  Saxon  weard  =  guard ;  "  war  "  itself  as 
war  must  be  left  out  of  the  question.  It  is  very  hard  too 
not  to  see  in  the  first  syllable  of  Paignton  the  Keltic  pen  = 
head ;  while  as  to  Goodrington  I  have  no  doubt  whatever 
that  the  ton  is  simply  a  Saxon  suffix  to  the  Keltic  Coed-ryn 
=  the  "wooded  hill,"  or  Coed-rhyn^ the  "wooded  headland." 
And  why  should  Tor  itself  be  surrendered  to  the  Saxon 
without  a  struggle  ?  It  is  perfectly  true  that  Tor  may  be 
Saxon,  but  equally  at  least  it  may  be  Keltic.  As  to  which 
I  commend  enquirers  to  the  admirable  summary  of  the 
evidence  on  either  side,  given  by  Mr.  Pengelly  in  one  of  his 
series  of  "Notes  on  Slips  coiinected  with  Devonshire."^  It 
is  found  in  the  oldest  Gaelic  records,  in  Welsh,  Armenian, 
Mauritanian,  Arabic,  Chaldean,  Persian ;  "  in  all  the  branches 
of  the  Gothic  stem,"  according  to  the  late  Sir  John  Bowring; 
and  while  Dr.  Bos  worth  makes  it  the  same  as  the  Anglo-Saxon 
tyrre  ==  tower ;  Prebendary  Earle  "traces  it  from  the  East." 

On  the  whole,  therefore,  I  think  that  any  dwellers  in 
Torquay  who  can  prove  a  Kents  Cavern  descent — even  if 
they  choose  to  drop  their  palaeolithic  and  neolithic  ancestry, 
may  fairly  exclaim,  after  the  late  laureate — 

"  Briton  and  Saxon  and  Norse  are  we." 

And  if  I  am  asked,  "  How  about  the  Norman  element  ?" 
Well,  I  think  it  is  one  of  the  peculiar  glories  of  Kents 
Cavern  that  it  affords  no  trace,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  of  the 
"pestilent  banditti"  who  fill  the  Battle  Abbey  Roll. 

2  Trans.  Devon,  Assoc  xv.  214,  215, 
VOL.   XXV.  S 


266      8IDS-UGHTS  ON  TH£  EA&LT  HISTORY   OF  TORQUAY. 

One  of  the  most  important  features  in  the  local  Domesday 
record  is  the  testimony  borne  by  the  population  entries,  to 
what  we  may  fairly  regard  as  not  only  the  prosperity,  but  the 
continued  prosperity,  of  its  neighbourhood. 

As  is  well  known,  two  manors  of  Torre  are  entered  in  the 
Survey,  one  held  by  William  Hostiarius,  or  William  the 
Doorkeeper,  the  other  by  Godeva,  widow  of  Brictric  the  Sheriff. 
There  is  very  little  doubt  that  the  former  is  that  which  is 
now  represented  in  Torquay.  William  also  held  Ilsham,  as 
to  which  there  is  no  doubt  whatever.  Alric  being  the  Saxon 
owner  of  the  one,  and  Bere  of  the  other.  Brictric  was  the 
previous  owner  of  the  other  Torre,  and  I  do  not  find  that 
Brictric  held  any  property  in  this  locality. 

William's  Torre  is  set  down  as  consisting  of  seven  carucates 
of  arable  land,  with  twenty-four  acres  of  meadow,  twelve  of 
wood  and  two  hundred  of  pasture — the  latter  a  descriptive 
element  strongly  in  favour  of  the  identification,  cliff  land 
being  largely  devoted  to  pasture  from  time  immemorial. 
Godeva's  Torre  contains  more  tillage  land — twelve  carucates, 
and  its  distinctive  feature  is  the  possession  of  one  hundred 
acres  of  wood,  which  in  like  manner  fits  more  closely  with 
identification  as  Tor  Brian.  The  stated  population  of 
William's  Torre  is  thirty-two — four  serfe,  sixteen  villeins,  and 
twelve  bordars.  Godeva's  is  exactly  the  same  in  total  and 
details ;  but  her  manor  is  worth  one  hundred  shillings  a  year 
against  William's  sixty. 

Cochintone,  as  to  which  there  is  no  doubt,  is  much  more 
important  than  either  Torre.  It  had  thirteen  carucates, 
fifteen  acres  of  meadow,  fifty  of  wood,  and  fifty  of  pasture, 
with  a  total  population  of  thirty-eight — fourteen  serfs,  eighteen 
villeins,  and  six  bordars;  but  its  value  was  only  fifty 
shillings.  Now  Cochintone  was  held  by  William  of  Faleise, 
and  as  its  Saxon  owner  had  been  Alric,  the  same  who  held 
William  the  Doorkeeper's  Torre,  we  get  a  collateral  proof 
that  seems  to  me  to  make  probability  certainty.  Domesday 
records  the  holding  of  a  certain  Depton  with  Cochintone,  but 
this,  as  Mr.  Mallock  is  kind  enough  to  inform  us,  and  as 
the  Court  Rolls  in  his  possession  prove,  is  not  near  Torbay 
at  all,  but  Deandon  in  Widdecombe-in-the-Moor.  We  have 
apparently  a  somewhat  similar  linking  of  waste  and  moor- 
land in  William  the  Doorkeeper's  manor  of  Sutton,  which 
follows  Ilsham,  and  which  there  seems  no  adequate  ground 
to  doubt  is  Sutton  in  Dunsford,  a  manor  with  venville 
rights.  So  in  the  connection  of  Daccombe  in  Moretonhamp- 
stead  with  Coftinswell.    This,  however,  by  the  way. 


SIDB-LIOHTS  ON  THB  EARLY  HISTOKY  OF  TORQUAY.      267 

Turning  to  the  other  side  of  Torquay  we  find  the  manor 
of  Sancte  Marie  Cerce,  which  had  been  part  of  the  lands 
of  Ordulf,  held  by  Richard  under  the  Earl  of  Moreton,  and 
consisting  of  four  carucates  with  an  acre  of  pasture,  and 
the  remarkable  population  for  its  size  of  sixteen — three 
serfs,  five  villeins,  and  eight  bordars,  to  which  fact  its 
equally  remarkable  value  of  forty  shillings,  increased  from 
twenty  shillings,  is  probably  due.  Monsignor  Brownlow, 
in  the  paper  to  which  I  have  already  referred,  speaks  of 
the  existence  of  another  manor  of  St.  Marychurch,  held 
by  the  Bishop  of  Exeter,  and  forming  part  of  the  sustenance 
of  the  canons.  The  bishop,  however,  is  not  said  to  hold 
St  Marychurch,  but  the  "  church  of  St  Mary " — 
•'ecclesiam  S.  Marie" — which  is  or  may  be  a  very  diflTerent 
afifair.  To  this  church  were  attached  three  carucates  with 
four  serfs  and  four  bordars,  the  value  being  fifteen  shillings. 
We  find  much  the  same  kind  of  entry  under  the  lands 
of  the  Church  of  Creneburne,  where  the  church  of  Battle 
Abbey  is  said  to  hold  the  "  church  of  Colyton,"  "  ecclesiam 
de  Colitone  " — with  certain  lands.  And  if  it  be  objected  that 
the  de  occurs  in  the  one  place  and  not  in  the  other,  the  very 
next  entry  tells  us  that  Battle  Abbey  held  in  Exeter 
•* ecclesiam  S.  Olaf"— the  "church  of  St.  Olaf"— which  is 
precisely  on  all  fours  with  our  own  case.  I  cannot,  therefore, 
regard  it  as  clear  that  the  Latin  "ecclesiam  S.  Marie"  and 
the  Saxon  "  S.  Marie  Cerce  "  are  nominal  equivalents ;  and  in 
fact,  while  there  are  many  churches  of  St.  Mary  in  the  county 
there  is  only  one  parish — quasi  manor — of  St.  Marychurch. 

I  think  this  view  of  the  case  strongly  confirmed  by  the 
fact  that  when  Leofric  granted  to  the  cathedral  of  Exeter 
certaip  properties  that  had  before  been  alienated,  he  does  not 
speak  of  St.  Marychurch,  but  of  "the  land  at  St  Mary- 
Church  " — "Sancte  Maria  circean."  There  is  all  the  difference 
here  between  at  and  of,  and  no  indication  whatever  of  the 
name  by  which  this  church  land  may  have  been  known. 

We  know  also  that  Domesday  St  Marychurch  by  no  means 
represents  the  present  parish,  even  if  we  pray  both  holdings  in 
aid.  Monsignor  Brownlow  has  pointed  out*  that  the  parish 
includes  "  Babbacombe,  llsham,  Barton,  Combe  Pafford, 
Edginswell,  Shiphay-Collaton,  and  Watcombe;  it  has  also 
dependent  upon  it  the  parish  of  CoflBnswell,  including 
Daccombe."  Of  these  llsham,  as  we  have  seen,  is  mentioned 
in  Domesday  as  one  of  the  manors  of  William  the  Door- 
keeper, the  holder  of  Torre ;  and  as  to  it  therefore  there  can 

*  Op.  cU.  Trans.  Dev.  Assoc,  xviii.  16. 

8  2 


268      SIDE-LIGHTS   ON  THE  EARLY   HISTORY   OF  TORQUAY. 

be  no  doubt.  It  was  a  small  maoor  with  three  carucates,  two 
serfs,  two  villeins,  two  bordars,  and  twenty  acres  of  pasture, 
and  worth  10s.  a  year.  This,  with  the  Earl  of  Moreton's 
Marychurch,  and  a  reservation  as  to  Collaton-Shiphay,  sxe,  I 
venture  to  suggest,  the  only  portions  of  the  parish  that  can 
certainly  be  identified,  unless  we  take  Combe  Pafford  as 
representing  the  ecclesiastical  St.  Marychurch,  seeing  that  it 
appears  in  Henry's  Valor  Ecdesiasticus  as  belonging  to  the 
Cathedral  of  Exeter.  There  is  no  dispute  that  the  secular 
Marychurch — S.  Marie  Cerce  proper — is  represented  by  the 
manor  of  Mr.  Gary. 

Monsignor  Brownlow,  however,  tracing  Edginswell  to 
Agenswell,  identified  it  with  the  petty  manor  of  Hagewile, 
belonging  to  Judhel  of  Totnes.  With  this  I  cannot  agree, 
for  Hagewile  is  clearly  Hoi  well  in  Brixton,  the  two  chief 
manors  of  which  also  belonged  to  Judhel. 

Then  we  have  Coffinswell.  This  Monsignor  Brownlow 
identified  with  the  Wille  of  Ralph  de  Liraesin,  a  somewhat 
valuable  manor  with  five  carucates  of  tillable  land,  seven 
serfs,  sixteen  villeins,  and  four  bordars,  twelve  acres  of 
meadow,  thirty-two  of  pasture,  and  fifty  of  wood,  and  worth 
£5  5s.  yearly. 

And  clearly,  if  Coffinswell  is  mentioned  in  Domesday  at 
all,  we  may  assume  that  we  shall  find  it  under  Welle  or 
Wille,  or  some  such  title — the  Coffin  as  the  Edgin  being  clearly 
a  later  distinctive  prefix.  The  Carswells  or  Kerswills  had 
taken  Cars  or  Kers  before  the  Conquest. 

There  is  a  Welle  in  Domesday,  and  there  is  also  a  Wille. 
The  Welle  belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  Tavistock,  had  been 
held  by  Archbishop  Aldred,  and  is  commonly  identified  with 
iforwell,  near  Tavistock.  It  consisted  of  eight  carcucates, 
with  four  acres  of  meadow,  and  twenty  of  pasture,  had  four 
serfs,  ten  villeins,  and  twelve  bordars,  and  had  increased 
in  value  from  40s.  to  £4.  But  it  follows  in  the  list  Denbury 
(Deveneberie)  which  had  also  been  a  manor  of  Aldred's,  and 
which  I  need  hardly  say  closely  adjoins  Coffinswell. 

The  Wille  of  Ealph  de  Limesin  is  somewhat  less 
important  in  area,  with  five  carucates,  twelve  acres  of 
meadow,  thirty-two  of  pasture,  and  fifty-six  of  wood.  There 
were  seven  serfs,  sixteen  villeins,  and  two  bordars,  and  the 
value  had  fallen  from  £6  to  £5  5s.  The  most  important 
feature  however  connected  with  this  manor  is  that  it  follows 
a  Tovretone  (Tiverton)  and  Wasfelte  (Washfield),  so  that  it 
can  hardly  be  other  than  Well  in  Tiverton.  The  manors  of 
this  Norman  chief  tenant  were  singularly  scattered. 


SIDB-LIGHTS  ON  THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  TORQUAY.      269 

It  seems  certain  therefore  that  if  Coffinswell  is  mentioned 
in  Domesday  at  all,  it  must  be  the  Welle  which  Archbishop 
Aldred  had  held,  and  which  was  held  at  the  time  of  the 
Survey  by  the  Abbot  of  Tavistock.  If  so,  it  must  early 
have  passed  from  the  Abbey  into  secular  hands,  though  the 
existence  of  a  fief  in  CotBnswell  belonging  to  the  Abbey  is 
proved  by  the  Testa  de  NevUL  Whether  the  manor  was 
subsequently  divided,  one  part  becoming  Coffinswell  and  the 
other  Edginswell,  may  be  a  matter  for  speculation  rather 
than  absolute  proof. 

Watcombe,  like  Babbacombe  and  Combe  Pafibrd  may,  as 
has  been  said,  "  be  among  the  many  Combes  described  in 
Domesday  "  (though  I  have  little  hesitation  myself  in  identi- 
fying Combe  Pafford  with  the  land  set  apart  for  the  susten- 
ance of  the  canons  at  St.  Marychurch),  and  as  Barton  could 
in  no  case  be  the  name  of  a  manor,  of  which  it  is  simply  an 
administrative  section,  there  is  only  Shiphay-CoUaton  left  to 
deal  with.  We  at  once  discard  the  Shiphay  as  a  later  Saxon 
prefix.  Six  Coletones,  Colitones,  or  Cvlitones  occur  in  the 
Devon  Domesday,  the  most  important  of  which  is  of  course 
the  town  and  parish  of  Colyton,  which  is  given  under  two 
entries,  one  referring  to  the  King  and  one  to  the  Church. 
Then  we  have  Colyton  Ralegh ;  and  finally  three  Coletones 
held  by  Judhel  of  Totnes.  The  first  follows  Loventor  in 
Berry  Pomeroy,  and  is  succeeded  by  Lupton  (Churston 
Ferrers),  Brixham,  and  Churston.  (*=  Church-town.)  Next 
comes  the  second,  followed  in  order  by  Loddiswell,  Thurle- 
stone,  and  Bachedone  (probably  Blackaton,  Ugborough). 
And  finally  the  third,  followed  by  North  or  South  Huish. 
There  are  more  modern  Collatons  in  the  district  than  are 
required  to  fit;  but  there  is  the  very  strongest  probability, 
almost  amounting  to  demonstration,  that  the  first  of  these 
is  Shiphay- Collaton,  the  second  CoUaton- Kirk  ham  in 
Paignton,  and  the  third  Collaton  in  Halwell.  And  an 
incidental  point  that  may  be  urged  in  favour  of  the 
identification  of  the  first,  is  the  fact  that  its  Saxon  owner  was 
Aluric  or  Alric,  who,  as  we  have  already  seen,  held  Torre  and 
Cockington.  It  was  a  small  manor  with  two  carucates,  five 
acres  of  meadow  and  two  of  pasture,  worth  but  five  shillings. 
Still  it  followed  the  rule  of  these  Torbay  manors  with  regard 
to  population,  having  one  serf  and  one  villein  and  five 
bordars. 

To  sum  up  my  conclusions  as  to  Torquay  and  its  vicinity 
at  the  date  of  Dom^day — that  is,  Torremohun,  Cockington^ 
and  St  Marychurch  (with  its  appendix  of  Coffinswell).    It 


270      SEDI-LIOHTS  OK  THE  SABLT   HIBTOBT  OF  TORQUAY. 

seems  to  me  we  can  acconnt  for  5216  acres,  of  which  forty 
oarucates,  or  4800  acres,  were  undei  tillage,  forty-eight 
meadow,  seventy-two  wood,  and  two  hundred  and  ninety-six 
pasture ;  and  that  the  total  enumerated  population  was  one 
hundred  and  thirty-three — thirty-two  serfs,  fifty-two  villeins, 
and  forty-nioe  bordara  or  cottagers.  This  is  an  unusuajly 
laige  proportion,  and  shows,  as  I  have  before  hinted,  that 
eight  centuries  ago  the  locality  must  have  been  peopled  by 
an  active  and  prosperous  community.  This  woidd  be  seen 
even  more  if  I  brought  Paignton  into  view,  for  that  manor 
had  precisely  the  same  enumerated  population  as  Torquay 
and  its  Immediate  neighbours — 133,  and  was  worth  £60  a 
year. 

The  Early  History  of  Torquay,  in  my  reading  of  the 
phrase,  ceases  at  this  date. 


THE    CLIMATE    OF    TORQUAY. 

BY  ALFRED  CHANDLER,  F.R.Mst.Soc. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  Jnly,  1893.) 


In  a  town  where  the  chief  object  is  the  production  of  health, 
the  first  consideration  must  be  its  climate,  and  by  climate  we 
mean  the  amount  of  sunshine,  the  temperature,  air-moisture 
or  humidity,  wind  direction,  amount  of  ozone  in  the  air,  and 
the  rainfall;  all  these  contribute  their  various  elements 
towards  keeping  in  good  health  those  who  live  in  this 
favoured  town  and  neighbourhood,  and  in  restoring  to  better 
bodily  health,  and  with  this  the  comfort  of  living,  the  many 
thousands  who  visit  us  during  each  year  in  search  of  health 
or  pleasure. 

In  the  year  1864,  at  a  meeting  of  this  Association  in 
Torquay,  the  late  Mr.  Edward  Vivian,  being  then  your 
President,  read  a  paper  on  this  subject,  and  in  continuing  it 
by  a  reference  to  what  has  been  done  since  that  year  locally 
in  the  practical  work  of  exact  and  reliable  meteorological 
observations,  I  shall  be  only  paying  a  just  tribute  of  respect 
to  our  late  revered  friend,  who  himself  had,  as  an  observer 
of  many  years,  procured  the  results  which  he  read  to  this 
Association  in  1864,  and  who,  whilst  for  some  years  past 
unable  himself  to  take  these  observations,  was  ever  ready 
by  his  sympathy  and  advice  to  counsel  and  direct  those 
younger  men  who  were  continuing  his  work.  Besides  the 
meteorological  observations  of  the  late  Mr.  Vivian,  we  have 
the  valuable  series  of  rainfall  observations  taken  by  Mr. 
Pengelly  at  Lamorna,  and  the  very  full  and  complete 
observations*  made  by  Mr.  Glyde  at  Babbacombe. 

These  all  being  discontinued,  we  have  now  the  meteoro- 
logical work  organised  and  provided  for  by  the  Town  Council, 
including  that  important  element,  the  amount  of  bright 
sunshine,  which,  together  with  temperature  and  rainfall 
observations,  are  carried  on  at  Gary  Green  and  Chapel  Hill. 


272  THE  CLIMATE  OF  TORQUAY. 

The  prime  element  of  climate  is  sunshine ;  for  the  invalid 
and  infirm  it  is  life,  for  the  strong  and  vigorous  it  means 
enjoyment  in  all  their  undertakings. 

Torquay,  I  need  hardly  say,  is  favoured  with  a  large 
share  of  sunshine,  and  especially  is  this  so  in  the  short  days 
of  winter.  It  was  not,  however,  until  the  yeai*  1888,  that 
exact  observations  of  the  duration  of  bright  sunshine  were 
first  taken,  so  that  I  cannot  give  more  than  a  five  years' 
average,  and  it  must  be  noted  that  during  the  first  part  of 
this  lustrum  we  had  a  series  of  wet  summers.  The  year  1888 
was  about  the  period  of  sunspot  minima,  the  present,  or  the 
bright  and  sunny  time,  being  about  the  period  of  sunspot 
maximum,  so  that  we  may  fairly  expect  a  ten  or  twenty 
years'  average  to  give  us  much  more  favourable  results. 

The  average  or  mean  annual  sunshine  during  this  period 
is  1688  hours  out  of  a  possible  4408  hours,  or  equal  to 
38'3  per  cent,  of  bright  sunshine.  The  average  daily  amount 
of  sunshine  is  4  hours  37  minutes  out  of  a  possible  12  hours 
5  minutes.  The  average  number  of  days  in  each  year,  when  the 
sun  has  shone,  is  309  days,  or  84*7  per  cent,  of  the  possible. 
Dividing  the  year  into  two  periods,  that  is,  a  summer 
period  from  the  spring  to  the  autumn  equinox,  and  a  winter 
period  from  the  autumn  to  the  spring  equinox,  we  get  in  the 
summer  period  an  average  of  1159  hours  19  minutes  of  sun- 
shine out  of  a  possible  2674  hours,  or  an  amount  equal  to 
43*4  per  cent,  of  the  possible  sunshine ;  and  in  winter  we  have 
an  average  of  528  hours  39  minutes  out  of  a  possible  1725 
hours,  or  an  amount  equal  to  30  5  per  cent,  of  the  possible 
sunshine. 

The  period  of  the  day  when  the  most  sunshine  is  registered 
must  be  of  instructive  interest  in  a  district  which  claims  to 
be  a  health  resort,  and  it  has  been  usual  in  the  monthly 
reports  to  give  the  amount  of  sunshine  registered  before  and 
after  noon.  The  mean  annual  average  of  these  is — morning 
sunshine  852  hours,  and  afternoon  sunshine  836  hours;  so 
that  for  a  whole  year  we  get  only  16  hours  more  sunshine 
before  twelve  o'clock  than  during  the  post-meridian  period  of 
the  day,  a  difference  which,  spread  over  the  whole  year,  is 
not  appreciable. 

Temperature  is  the  next  important  element  of*  climate,  the 
resulting  effect,  if  1  may  be  allowed  reverently  to  say,  of  its 
great  first  cause,  sunshine.  The  average  mean  shade 
temperature  of  Torquay  is  50^*2,  and  the  mean  annual  range 
11«4  The  mean  temperature  of  summer  is  56^*5,  and  the 
of  winter  43"8.     Taking  1892  as  a  typical  year,  the 


THE  CLIMATE  OF  TORQUAY.  273 

highest  summer  temperature  experienced  here  during 
the  period  of  the  great  and  abnormal  heat  of  the  first 
fortnight  of  August,  was  only  78°2  on  July  31st,  and  the 
lowest  winter  temperature  was  22°4  on  February  17th.  It 
will  be  noticed  that  the  average  mean  temperature  of  50''2 
is  exactly  the  same  as  given  by  the  late  Mr.  Vivian  in  1864, 
a  remarkable  confirmation  of  the  precision  of  the  instruments 
used  by  him  nearly  thirty  years  ago.  For  the  information  of 
the  invalid  and  infirm  we  have  lately  begun  to  take  observa- 
tions of  the  average  mean  day  and  night  temperatures  at  two 
different  levels  of  the  town.  At  Gary  Green  is  the  low-level 
station,  twelve  feet  above  mean  sea-level,  and  at  Chapel  HiU 
is  the  high-level  station,  286  feet  above  sea-level.  The 
results  of  last  yearns  observations  show  that  in  winter  the 
low  ground  is  warmest  both  by  day  and  night;  but  in 
summer  the  day-time  is  warmest  on  the  high  ground;  the 
nights  at  both  periods  of  the  year  being  warmest  at  the  lower 
level.  The  exact  results  are: — In  winter,  Gary  Green  is 
1*2  degrees  warmer  during  the  day  and  1*0  degree  warmer 
at  night  than  on  Chapel  Hill.  In  summer.  Chapel  Hill  is 
0*4  degree  warmer  during  the  day,  but  1*9  degrees  colder  at 
night  than  at  Gary  Green. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  of  Torquay,  according  to  Mr. 
Pengelly's  twenty-five  years*  observations,  from  1864-1888, 
taken  at  Laraoma,  200  feet  above  sea-level,  is  3702  inches, 
with  185  days  on  which  not  less  than  0*01  inches  of  rain 
was  measured.  June  is,  on  the  average,  the  driest  month, 
having  a  mean  rainfall  of  1*98  inches,  and  12  days  on  which 
0  01  inch  or  more  rain  was  measured.  January  appears  to 
be  the  wettest  month,  having  a  mean  rainfall  of  4*18  inches, 
and  19  wet  days.  It  should  be  remembered  that  a  day  is 
called  by  meteorologists  a  "  wet  day,"  when  only  a  one- 
hundredth  part  of  an  inch  is  measured,  a  rainfall  of  perhaps 
not  more  than  five  minutes*  duration ;  the  remainder  of  the 
23  hours  55  minutes  may  be  perfectly  fine,  nevertheless  it  is 
entered  as  a  "  wet  day." 

Our  present  average  of  annual  rainfall  appears  to  have 
increased  since  1864,  when  Mr.  Vivian's  observations  found 
it  to  be  only  28*90  inches,  with  154  wet  days,  or  a  still  plus 
difference  of  8*12  inches  and  31  days  respectively;  but  Mr. 
Pengelly's  observations  were  carried  on  during  a  longer 
period  than.  Mr.  Vivian's,  and  also  during  a  weather  cycle 
when  our  summers  were  cooler  and  wetter  than  during  the 
years  previous  to  1864.  We  now  appear  to  have  commenced 
a  cycle  of  warmer  and  drier  summers,  which  seems  likely  to 


274  THE  CLIMATE  OF  TORQUAY. 

reduce  our  annual  rainfall  to  Mr.  Vivian's  average.  The 
rainfall  of  last  year  (1892)  was  actually  only  2413  inches, 
with  145  so-called  wet  days,  or  12*89  inches  of  rain  and  40 
wet  days  below  the  average. 

The  mean  annual  percentage  of  relative  humidity  or  air 
moisture,  taking  last  year  (1892)  as  a  typical  year,  is  77  per 
cent  The  month  of  April  appears  to  have  had  the  driest 
air,  with  only  64  per  cent,  of  relative  humidity. 

A  very  important  element  in  climate  is  mnd  direction. 
It  appears  from  Mr.  Glyde's  anemometer  observations  at 
Babbacombe  that  we  have  a  very  large  proportion  of  days 
which  are  calm,  and  on  which  south,  south-west,  and  west 
winds  blow;  and  a  small  number  of  days  which  are 
boisteroiis,  and  on  which  north,  north-east,  and  east  winds 
prevail.  Again  taking  last  year  (1892)  as  a  typical  year, 
we  had  240  days  of  warm  winds  from  south  and  west,  and 
only  126  days  of  cool  winds  from  the  north  and  east.  We 
never,  however,  get  any  of  the  hot  winds  which  are  prevalent 
in  summer  in  some  districts. 

Of  ozone,  that  mysterious  substance  of  which  at  present  we 
know  so  little,  except  that  it  is  both  life-giving  and  health- 
restoring  in  its  effects,  we  have  an  average  annual  amount 
present  in  the  air  of  nearly  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  possible  ; 
but  there  appears  to  be  a  much  larger  amount  of  ozone 
present  in  the  air  during  the  prevalence  of  south  and  west 
winds — as  much  as  75  or  80  per  cent,  would  then  be  measured. 
This  is  caused  probably  by  the  air  during  these  winds  blowing 
off  the  sea.  Therefore  the  above  proportion  of  the  excess  of 
south  and  west  over  north  and  east  winds  is  in  this  con- 
nection of  the  amount  of  ozone  present  in  the  air  very 
significant. 

To  sum  up  the  climate  of  Torquay.  We  have  a  large 
amount  of  bright  sunshine,  with  a  great  number  of  sunny 
days,  these  bright  and  sunny  days  coming  to  us  in  a  large 
proportion  in  the  winter  months.  We  also  have  a  high  mean 
or  warm  temperature  in  winter,  and  a  low  mean  or  cool 
temperature  in  summer — a  small  range  of  temperature  both 
in  summer  and  winter,  so  that  there  is  not  a  great  difference 
between  day  and  night.  There  is  shelter  from  the  north  and 
east  winds,  which  are  few ;  and  a  prevalence  of  south  and 
west  winds,  bringing  with  them  a  large  amount  of  ozone. 
A  moderate  annual  rainfall,  with  great  freedom  from  storms, 
and  very  few  days  on  which  snow  and  frost  are  present  during 
winter. 

1  have  endeavoured  in  this  paper  to  give  exact  and  reliable 


THE  CLIMATE  OF  TORQUAY.  275 

information  as  to  the  mean  or  average  amounts  of  the 
different  measurable  elements  which  go  to  make  climate; 
but  there  is  another  element  in  the  climate  of  Torquay  and 
district  which  only  the  artist  can  depict  in  colour  or  verse. 
It  is  a  mistake  to  compare  only  the  readings  of  the  sunshine 
recorders,  thermometers,  and  rain  gauges  without  taking  into 
account  that  part  of  our  climate  which  we  cannot  measure — 
the  general  contour  and  position  of  the  hills,  the  woods,  the 
lanes,  the  shady  nooks,  the  sea  and  rocks  of  this  beautiful 
town  and  district. 


DEVONSHIRE   DIALECT. 

BY   W.    F.    OOLUBa 
(Bead  at  Toiquaj,  July,  1S98.) 


Much  has  been  written  about  Devonshire  Dialect,  and  I 
do  not  venture,  in  the  twenty  minutes  allowed  me  by  the 
rules  of  the  Society,  to  do  more  than  offer  a  few  remarks 
of  my  own  on  a  subject  which  must  be  of  high  interest 
to  Devonshire  folk,  who  attach  due  importance  to  speech 
and  its  many  curious  variations. 

The  Dialect  Society  has  been  formed  to  make  a  study 
of  dialect,  and  to  publish  the  results  in  their  Blue-books, 
and  it  has  struck  me  forcibly  that  they  have  not,  as  far 
as  I  can  judge,  laid  down  any  rule  as  to  what  is  and  what 
is  not  dialect.  In  the  volume  on  Sheffield  dialect  there 
is  a  quotation  in  the  introduction  from  the  Eev.  Joseph 
Hunter,  F.S.A.,  who  published  a  list  of  words  in  1829. 
He  says :  "  In  preparing  a  list,  care  must  be  taken  to  dis- 
tinguish the  true  archaism  from  what  is  mere  vulgarism  ; 
but  care  must  also  be  taken  not  to  dismiss  as  vidgarism 
what,  in  truth,  is  an  archaism.''  But  this  advice  has  not 
been  followed. 

It  seems  to  me  the  Dialect  Society  ought  to  have  begun 
by  definitions.  They  ought  to  have  defined  what  they 
meant  by  Dialect  before  they  set  their  members  to  work, 
and  the  world  would  then  have  been  spared  a  positive  host  of 
words,  published  in  their  books  on  Dialect,  which  have 
no  pretensions  to  being  dialect  at  all. 

I  think  Dialect  may  be  divided  into  three  distinct  classes, 
for  the  sake  of  preserving  local  peculiarities  of  speech,  which 
peculiarities  are  both  interesting  and  amusing,  and  bid  fair 
shortly  entirely  to  disappear  under  modem  systems  of 
education. 

First — there  is  Dialect  proper,  or  Archaisms,  as  Mr.  Hunter 
calls  them. 


DEVONSHIKE  DIALECT.  277 

Second — there  is  common  English,  with  a  local  pronuncia- 
tion, with  a  local  corruption  of  meaning,  and  with  a  distinctly 
local  application. 

Third — there  is  local  slang,  words  and  whole  sentences, 
differing  from  archaisms.  Some  words  derived  from  foreign 
tongues,  others  invented  locally  and  used  locally,  perhaps 
in  a  very  small  district,  or  limited  to  a  village  or  parish. 

The  local  pronunciation  alone  may  also  I  suppose  be 
called  Dialect,  but  that  has  nothing  to  do  with  particular 
words  in  use. 

As  I  have  taken  upon  myself  to  treat  of  Devonshire 
Dialect,  I  feel  bound  to  give  the  results  of  my  own  obser- 
vations, though  I  by  no  means  consider  myself  equipped 
as  a  student  of  language,  either  to  lay  down  rules  for  Dialect, 
or  to  criticize  others.  As  our  various  dialects  have  been 
derived  from  various  languages  of  any  age,  from  the  begin- 
ning of  all  things  to  the  present  day,  and  as  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  say  how  a  particular  mode  of  pronunciation 
first  arose,  even  the  most  learned  scholars  may  be  at  fault 
in  explaining  Dialect,  and  giving  it  a  derivation.  Philology 
and  Etymology  are  profound  and  important  studies,  by  which 
the  history  of  men  may  be  traced,  as  the  history  of  living 
organisms  may  be  traced  by  Geology;  but  dialects  are  so 
confined  to  localities,  and  so  mixed,  that  they  can  hardly 
be  taken  as  any  guides  to  Etymology,  especially  as  the 
pronunciation  cannot  be  indicated  by  the  English  or  any 
other  alphabet.  The  sounds  represented  by  our  letters  are 
not  good  guides  to  the  pronunciation  of  Dialect.  Taking 
the  letter  A  for  example,  there  are  in  the  new  Oxford 
Dictionary  four  to  six  distinct  sounds  attached  to  this  one 
letter,  and  that  of  course  amongst  educated  persons ;  but,  after 
all,  scarcely  any  two  persons  pronounce  the  A  in  all  cases  alike. 
"But  the  living  word  is  sound  cognizable  by  the  ear,  and 
must  therefore  be  itself  symbolized  in  order  to  reach  the 
understanding  through  the  eye,"  says  the  New  Oxford 
Dictionary,  edited  by  Dr.  Murray.  How  then  is  it  possiHe 
to  give  the  pronunciation  of  dialect  by  means  of  our  letters  ? 
I  believe  it  is  not  possible  to  do  so,  especially  as  there  are 
variations  in  every  district,  probably  in  every  parish,  if  not 
in  every  family.  Every  one  must  have  remarked  that  a 
particular  family  have  a  family  mode  of  pronunciation,  and 
if  this  is  the  case  among  educated  people,  how  much  more 
is  it  sure  to  be  the  case  among  people  who  have  not  been 
schooled  in  the  use  of  their  tongue  ? 

It  is  however  of  very  great  interest,  and  of  great  anti- 


278  DBVONSHIRE  OIAJLECT. 

qoarian  importance,  to  preserve  the  Dialect,  which  is  fast 
passing  away  among  the  things  that  have  gone  from  us  for 
ever.  Some  very  good  attempts  have  been  made  to  immor- 
talize our  Dialect  by  means  of  the  English  alphabet^  among 
which  I  may  mention  this  Society's  Beports  on  Devonshire 
Verbal  Provincialisms,  where  very  good  rules  on  Dialect  are 
laid  down;  the  Dialect  Society's  DidUct  of  Hartland,  by 
Mr.  R  Pearce  Chope;  their  West  Somerset  Word  Book,  a 
glossary  of  words  and  phrases  used  in  the  west  of  Somerset 
and  the  east  of  Devon,  by  Mr.  F.  T.  Elworthy,  who  however 
treats  chiefly  of  the  Somerset  variety;  and  Mrs.  Hewett's 
FecLsarvt  Speech  of  Devon.  Mr.  Quiller  Couch  in  Troy  Tovm, 
and  Mrs.  Parr  in  Adam  and  Eve,  have  also,  given  very  good 
specimens  of  the  common  speech  in  their  dialogues.  But 
any  reader  of  these  works,  who  is  also  familiar  with  the  real 
living  speech  of  the  folk,  at  once  sees  how  far  short  of  the 
reality  the  free  use  of  English  letters  can  carry  you.  In 
fact,  as  you  must  be  bred  a  Frenchman  to  pronounce  French, 
so  you  must  be  bred  a  Devonshire  man  or  woman,  and  use 
the  tongue  yourself  in  your  childhood,  to  pronounce  Devon- 
shire. It  is  not  to  be  dehied  however  that  some  people  talk 
Devonshire  without  knowing  it.  To  a  stranger  the  worst 
part  of  Devonshire  Dialect  is  its  indistinctness,  but  that  is 
probably  a  fault  of  all  dialects.  To  speak  a  speech  trip- 
pingly on  the  tongue  requires  an  educated  talker,  who  knows 
the  value  of  clearness  and  of  expression.  Devonshire  people 
understand  one  another,  when  you,  although  you  may  be 
acquainted  with  the  Dialect,  can  hardly  distinguish  the 
words,  they  are  so  run  together.  As  Charles  BuUer  said,  he 
knew  a  young  lady  who  could  say  "scarlet  geranium"  in 
one  syllable.  The  very  common  and  good  English  question, 
"Where  are  you  going?"  would  be  in  Devonshire  "War-be- 
gauing?"  or,  "War-be-yu-a  gauing  tu?"  uttered  as  fast  as 
possible. 

The  three  sorts  of  Dialect  that  I  have  mentioned,  into 
which  the  words  in  use  might  be  separated,  are  so  distinct 
that  to  confuse  them  one  with  another  and  place  them  in 
glossaries  side  by  side  is  misleading,  and  is  a  false  record  of 
dialect :  they  should  be  set  in  different  types. 

Take  the  first  division — Archaisms.  It  is  not  the  easiest 
thing  in  the  world  to  say  what  an  archaism  is,  because  a 
common  word,  especially  a  compound  word,  may  be  so  used 
that,  in  the  course  of  a  few  generations,  it  may  have  changed 
beyond  recognition.  Still  the  true  archaisms  ought  to  be 
searched  out  and  noted. 


DEVONSHIRE  DIALECT.  279 

There  is  a  common  Devonshire  word  to  which  I  am  par- 
ticularly partial,  and  a  word  that  is  fast  going  out  of  U8e» 
the  more  the  pity !  It  has  the  very  great  and  very  English 
merit  of  being  a  one-syllable  word,  and  I  think  much  of  our 
strongest,  most  nervous  English  consists  of  words  of  one 
syllable.  There  are  lines  and  lines  of  William  Morris's 
Earthly  Paradise,  a  paradise  of  good  English,  with  words  of 
one  syllable  only.  I  will  just  read  one  stanza  from  The 
Proud  King,  by  way  of  illustration. 

'*  Since  there  thou  hadst  her  meet  thee  on  this  night : 
Lead  on  then,"  said  the  king,  and  in  his  heart 
He  said,  **  Perfay  all  goeth  mora  than  right 
And  I  am  king  again  ;"  but  with  a  start 
He  thought  of  him  who  played  the  kingly  part 
That  mom,  yet  said,  **  If  God  will  have  it  so 
This  man  like  all  the  rest  my  face  will  know." 

In  this  stanza  there  are  sixty-six  words,  all  but  four  of 
which  are  of  one  syllable.  There  is  one  word  of  two 
syllables — all  the  four  are  of  only  two  syllables — by  which 
it  would  appear  that  the  common  Devonshire  expression 
"Fay"  instead  of  "faith"  is  good  English.  We  all  know 
that  "  Yes,  fay ;"  or  "  No,  fay,"  is  common  in  Devonshire  for 
"  Yes,  in  faith,"  etc. 

The  favourite  word  to  which  I  refer  is  "  Wiskty  "  Wisht," 
of  course,  is  to  be  derived  from  the  English  word 
"  wished."  In  olden  days,  if  a  child  or  a  man  or  a  woman 
was  pining,  wasting  away  from  some  unknown  disease,  of 
which  there  were  many  in  those  times,  the  patient  was 
thought  to  be  wished  evil  by  some  witch  or  wizard.  The 
transition  from  a  wished  child  to  a  wished  thing  was  easy 
and  palpable,  and  the  old  original  meaning  was  lost  in  the 
common  application  of  the  word  to  all  poor,  wekk,  con- 
temptible things.  It  is  to  my  mind  a  very  fine  word,  it  is 
so  exceedingly  expressive;  and  what  do  we  want  of  words 
otherwise  than  to  be  expressive  ?  There  is  Wisht-man's 
wood — a  wisht  affair  of  it.  It  is  a  place  where  a  wished 
man  might  go  and  hang  himself.  All  the  oak  trees  look  as 
if  they  had  been  wished,  and  could  not  flourish.  The  Moor 
blasts  have  cut  them  off*  in  their  prime,  and  made  them 
grow  awry.  I  went  to  an  agricultural  show  once,  and  was 
silly  enough  to  buy  a  churn,  when  our  own  dairy-maid  made 
perfect  Devonshire  butter  of  perfect  Devonshire  cream. 
She  called  the  churn  a  "  wisht  cabby  old  thing,"  and  so  it 
was,  her  fair  hands  beat  it  hollow,  and  the  wisht  cabby  old 
churn  was  thrown  aside,  a  brand  new  one  all  the  same.     I 


280  DEVONSHIRB  DIALECT. 

think  separators  are  "wisht  cabby  old  things";  let  us  have 
Devonshire  cream  and  Devonshire  butter  made  by  Devon- 
shire hands,  and  be  proud  of  it.  There  is  another  word — 
** cabby"  not  the  London  cabby,  but  the  Devonshire  adjective. 
A  cab  is  a  mess,  cabby  is  not  exactly  dirty,  but  bein^  in  a 
mess,  sticky.  Honey  or  butter  may  make  you  cabby.  A 
churn  was  to  a  Devonshire  dairy-maid  "a  wisht  cabby  old 
thing."  What  better  word  could  have  expressed  her  meaning? 
There  is  no  other  English  word  can  take  its  place;  it  is 
surely  Devonshire  dialect 

There  is  the  word  ''cream"  which  would  come  under  the 
second  division,  an  English  word  used  in  a  Devonshire  sense. 
If  I  took  a  small  chicken  in  my  hand  when  I  was  a  child  I 
was  told  to  "mind  not  to  cream  un."  Devonshire  cream 
floats  on  the  top  of  the  milk-pan,  and  when  heated  to  within 
a  trifle  of  boiling  heat  it  puckers  and  gets  the  wrinkled 
appearance  of  the  surface  of  Devonshire  cream.  If  you 
squeeze  a  soft  thing  in  your  hands,  such  as  a  young  chick, 
it  becomes  wrinkled  too,  as  in  the  case  of  a  piece  of  paper. 
Hence  to  cream  is  to  press  together.  If  a  child,  say,  looks 
ill  and  shrivelled  with  cold  or  disease,  we  say  he  or  she 
looks  all  creamed  up — the  skin  has  the  same  wrinkled  look  as 
cream.  There  is  another  word  derived  from  cream,  " ream" 
In  Devonshire  "  ream  "  is  the  cream  before  it  is  scalded.  If 
you  take  it  off  the  milk  with  the  usual  skimmer  it  "  reams 
up "  ;  that  is,  it  wrinkles  and  puckers,  but  not  in  the  same 
way  as  cream.  This  is  a  useful  word  in  Devonshire.  If  a 
young  calf  rises  up,  and  "reams  hisself " — that  is,  stretches 
himself  so  that  his  skin  gets  wrinkled  all  over  his  back,  as 
ream  gets  wrinkled  with  the  skimmer — he  is  in  high  health. 
"  I  like  to  zee  um  ream  theirselves  "  is  a  common  expression 
relating  to  calves,  which  every  farmer  understands.  Cream 
and  ream  are  very  delightful  Devonshire  things,  and  are  very 
useful  Devonshire  words  in  common  metaphorical  speech. 
Dialect  is  extremely  metaphorical. 

Another  favourite  word  of  mine  is  " mazed'*  Amazed,  as 
we  all  know,  is  very  good  English,  and  of  course  the  prefix 
a  is  also  very  good  English,  as  in  asleep,  awake,  &c.  Leave 
out  the  a  in  amazed — though  the  Devonshire  folk  are  very  apt 
to  put  it  in  on  all  occasions — and  you  have  "  mazed."  But  it 
is  an  adjective  or  participle  of  extensive  and  expressive 
meaning.  I  used  to  be  told  the  butter  was  mazed  twice  a 
year,  when  it  would  not  come  because  the  weather  was  too 
hot,  and  because  the  weather  was  too  cold.  Mazed  is  not 
exactly  mad,  though  it  is  used  in  that  sense,  but  something 


DEVONSHIRE  DIALECT.  281 

akin  to  it  not  easily  expressed  by  any  other  word.  We  use 
the  word  "  mad  "  too  often  now,  and  "  mazed  "  is  far  better. 
If  a  man  is  very  much  in  love  with  a  maid,  he  is  said  to  be 
"  mazed  "  after  her,  and  well  he  may  be  if  she  is  a  Devon- 
shire maid.  He  is  not  mad  by  any  means,  only  mazed,  as  he 
ought  to  be.  Mazed,  however,  is  also  applied  to  mad  people, 
and  if  a  useful  handy  word  becomes  common,  it  is  often 
applied  pretty  broadly  in  all  sorts  of  kindred  senses.  The 
chaffinch  is  called  a  mazed-finch  where  I  come  from.  Why 
this  bird  should  be  thought  mazed  I  never  could  tell,  but  it 
has  a  way  of  raising  its  crest,  which  gives  it  a  look  of 
surprise  as  if  it  were  amazed,  and  that  may  be  the  origin  of 
the  name. 

There  is  a  Devonshire  expression  which  much  takes  my 
fancy.  If  two  persons  or  things  are  contending  which  should 
get  the  better  of  the  other,  the  description  of  the  contest  is 
" which  he  should"  a  short  and  graphic  way  of  arriving  at  the 
situation.  I  was  riding  with  a  friend,  who  took  rae  into  a 
.farmyard  where  there  was  a  fine  young  man  at  work,  and 
there  soon  appeared  at  the  door  an  equally  fine  young  woman. 
My  friend,  who  was  a  cheery  sort  of  person,  had  a  lively 
chat  with  them,  and  we  rode  away.  He  said,  "  Do  ee  know 
why  I  took  ee  to  see  they  two  ? "  I  said  "  No."  He  said, 
"They've  a  been  married  seven  year,  and  it's  been  *  which 
he  should  *  with  'em  ever  since ;  but  now  her 's  a  knacked 
under."  This  happy  couple  had  been  contending  for  seven 
years  which  should  be  master  or  mistress,  as  the  case  may  be, 
and  at  last  the  wife  had  givenin.  They  were  a  nice-looking 
couple,  and  I  hope  they  were  happy  ever  after.  I  was  out 
hunting  one  day  on  a  grand  occasion  when  Mr.  Mark  Bolle's 
hounds  came  to  the  Dartmoor  country,  and  there  were  about 
300  horsemen  and  women  out.  The  same  dear  friend  was 
talking  to  me — a  mighty  sportsman  he  was — when  we  saw  a 
man  dressed  in  clean  white  canvas,  riding  a  cart-horse  on  his 
bare  back,  with  only  a  common  cart  bridle  on.  His  white 
trousers  had  a  little  blood  on  them  just  where  they  touched 
the  horse.  "  Hollo !  "  my  friend  said,  "  hath  a  galled  ee  ?  *' 
**Nor,"  the  man  said  ;  "I've  a  galled  he,  but  'twas  which  he 
skouldy    You  see  the  phrase  is  expressive. 

"  Mind "  is  another  word  in  universal  use  in  Devon- 
shire for  remember,  and  as  it  is  a  one-syllable  word  I  like 
it.  To  remember  is  one  of  the  great  faculties  of  the  mind, 
and  as  the  word  "  mind  "  is  used  in  good  English  in  many 
senses,  as  in  " rigl:t-minded,"  "to  have  a  mind  to  do  a 
thing,"  "  never  mind,"  &c.,  I  do  not  see  why  it  should  not  be 

VOL.  xxv.  T 


282  DSVONSHIRB  DIALECT. 

used  in  the  sense  of  to  remember,  as  in  the  case  of  "  I  mind 
when  you  was  a  babby."  Anything  is  better  than  "dis- 
remember,"  instead  of  forget. 

There  is  the  word  "plum**  universally  used  for  soft.  A 
warm,  moist  day  is  a  plum  day.  A  warm,  soft  bed  is  a 
plum  bed.  Anything  soft  is  "brave  and  plum."  A  healthy- 
looking  child  is  "  plummy."  It  means  soft»  like  a  ripe 
plum,  used  in  a  pleasant  sense,  a  metaphor  of  course,  as 
good  a  word  as  the  English  plump.  It  is  expressive  of  a 
peculiarity,  and  therefore  good. 

"  Warn,**  for  warrant,  is  a  good  word.  "  Yes,  I  warn  ee." 
Yes,  to  be  sure.  Yes,  I  warrant  you.  It  is,  or  was,  in 
common  use,  and  very  expressive.  A  good  example  of  its 
use  is  found  in  an  old  Devonshire  song,  Tfu  Press  Gang — 

*'  At  last  they  spied  a  great  French  ship, 
And  towards  us  he  was  a  coming ; 
Zo  they  called  up  all  the  fellers  to  fight, 
With  a  chap  that  went  round  drumming. 
Zo  I  stepped  to  up  maister's  zide, 
I  zim  I  zee  the  zword  or'n, 
*  Dam  'ee,'  zes  he,  *  if  you  *11  yoller  me, 
I  warn  us  '11  zoon  be  aboard  or  'n.'  " 

What  more  poetic  word  could  be  used  in  such  a  case  ?  I 
am  surprised  not  to  find  this  word  either  in  The  Dialect  of 
Ilartland,  or  in  The  Peasant  Speech  of  Devon;  but  it  is 
found  in  the  third  report  of  this  Society  on  "Devonshire 
Verbal  Provincialisms." 

In  Devonshire  we  always  "  tell,"  and  do  not  talk,  speak, 
or  say  anythiug.  "  What  be  ee  telling  ov  ? "  is  "  What  are 
you  talking  about  ? "  "  Come  in,  and  have  a  tell."  "  Pray, 
come  and  enjoy  the  delights  of  conversation,"  would  be  the 
polite  English  of  the  phrase.  Talk  is  a  good  word;  to 
converse  and  conversation  are  formidable  words.  I  do  not 
see  why  "  tell "  should  be  superseded  by  any  other. 

''Jakes**  is  another  good  word.  It  means  more  than 
mess.  "  A  pretty  jakes  you  'm  in,"  applied  to  a  child, 
means  more  than  having  got  into  a  mess ;  it  means  a  nasty 
mess. 

Cloam  is  a  far  better  word  than  earthenware,  and  is 
probably  an  archaism.  China  is  ridiculous,  and  porcelain 
is  French.  A  cloam  shop,  or  a  cloaraen  pitcher,  is  far  better 
than  any  other  word  for  the  purpose;  and  why  should  we 
not  use  single  syllables  when  we  can  get  them  ? 

"Another  word  is  "suent."  "The  snow  vailed  very 
suent."  How  can  you  tell  that  the  snow  fell  very  softly 
and  evenly  without  wind  in  a  more  expressive  way  ?     I  do 


DEVONSHIRE  DIALECT.  283 

not  know  an  English  word  equal  to  ''suent"  to  express 
what  it  means. 

HoTM  is  a  very  pretty  word.  We  all  know  '*Home^ 
sweet  home."  It  is  used  in  Devonshire  very  freely,  as  it 
ought  to  be  in  such  a  sweet  home.  *'We  drive  a  nail 
"home"  when  we  hammer  it  as  far  as  it  will  go.  Our 
nursery-maid  said  she  had  "dressed  little  master  home  to 
his  butes  " — all  except  his  boots.  If  anything  dies,  it  has 
gone  homa     What  can  be  more  pathetic  ? 

Many  French  words  have  established  themselves  in  Devon- 
shire, some  of  which  may  have  been  imported  with  the 
brandy  in  the  great  smuggling  days,  and  others  may  have 
been  left  behind  by  the  French  prisoners  of  war,  of  whom 
there  were  as  many  as  10,000  in  Dartmoor  prisons,  where 
there  is  not  room  now  with  all  the  alterations  and  extensions 
for  much  more  than  1000  convicts.  In  my  childhood  it  was 
very  common  in  Horrabridge  to  threaten  to  make  a  boy 
"  holly  morblu  "  ;  and  it  was  usual  to  say  "  there  was  a  proper 
rendy  vu  of  um,"  always  used  iu  a  bad  sense,  of  poachers  or 
riotous  characters  meeting  together.  There  is  the  term 
"barricade"  for  the  booth  of  strolling  players,  which  in 
French  is  "  baroque  "  for  the  same  thing. 

As  this  Society  has  received  and  published  twelve  reports 
from  its  Committee  on  Verbal  Provincialisms,  I  think  it  is 
time  that  a  glossary  or  dictionary  should  be  compiled; 
with  some  severity,  however,  observed  in  the  exclusion  of 
English  words  and  mere  vulgarisms  common  all  over  England, 
and  1  do  not  know  anyone  better  than  the  present  editor  to 
do  it. 

Some  very  amusing  and  curious  expressions  are  found 
among  the  many  pages  published.  One  that  appeared  in  the 
Dialect  Society's  West  Somerset  and  East  Devon  report  took 
my  fancy  especially.  About  Crediton  they  call  a  cheating, 
lying,  untrustworthy  sort  of  person,  a  "hizy-prizy  sort  of 
chap."  What  can  that  possibly  mean?  We  know  that  at 
Exeter,  not  far  from  Crediton,  solemn  courts  of  justice  are 
held  at  the  assizes,  when  judges  sit  in  scarlet  and  ermine,  and 
wig  and  gown.  One  of  these  courts  is  used  for  trials  at  nisi 
jyrius,  and  it  is  much  to  be  feared  that  irreverend  persons 
have  associated  nisi  prius  with  sharp  practice ;  and  the  word 
"  hizy-prizy,"  notwithstanding  the  h^h  character  of  the  legal 
profession,  has  somehow  become  a  term  of  reproach.  There 
is  another  expression  I  have  found,  which  seems  to  me 
graphic,  to  say  the  least  of  it.  They  call  scandal  and  back- 
biting  "iron  prayers,"  certainly  a  very  ironical  term  for 

T  2 


284  DEVONSHIRE  DULECT. 

Blander.  I  remember  a  term  used  in  the  nursery  when  I  was 
a  child.  If  I  was  cross  and  out  of  sorts,  a  little,  but  not 
much  the  matter,  the  nursery  maid  would  say, ''  What 's  the 
matter  with  ee?  Has  a  vlea  kicked  ee,  my  dear  V*  The  kick 
of  a  flea  expressed  a  slight  or  fanciful  ailment.  I  met  my 
friend  before  alluded  to  in  the  street  once  and  asked  after  his 
wife.  He  said,  "  She 's  not  very  well.  One  of  the  maids  was 
bad  last  night,  and  she  sat  up  with  her."  "  What  was  the 
matter  with  the  maid?''  I  said.  ''A  vlea  kicked  her,  I 
reckon,"  was  his  reply. 

There  was  a  word  I  used  to  hear  from  a  gardener  who 
lived  with  me,  which  I  cannot  find  in  any  of  the  books  or 
reports  on  Dialect  I  believe  the  man  came  from  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Newton  Abbot.  It  was  applied  in  a  curious 
sense.  If  there  were  a  great  number  of  rats  about,  or  rabbits, 
or  any  small  vermin,  he  would  say  there  was  "a  proper 
serrege  of  um."  He  always  used  the  word  serrege  on  such 
occasions,  and  evidently  thought  it  an  appropriate  term. 
Where  did  he  get  it  ? 

I  find  a  great  number  of  words  in  all  the  reports,  and  in 
the  publications  relating  to  Dialect,  which  seem  to  me  not  to 
be  Dialect,  or  Devonshire  Dialect  at  all  events,  in  any  sense 
of  the  word,  not  being  peculiar  to  Devonshire,  either  in  their 
use  or  meaning. 

There  are  some  sporting  terms  which  are  very  old  English, 
and  used  by  sportsmen  cdl  over  Efigland.  Such  a  word  is 
"  cry,"  applied  to  a  cry  of  hounds,  now  commonly  called  a 
pack  of  hounds.  It  will  be  found  in  A  Midsummer  Night's 
Dream,  "A  cry  more  tuneful  was  never  holla*d  to,  nor  cheered 
with  horn ;"  also  "  a  cry  of  players,"  in  Hamlet,  and  "  a  cry  of 
hell-hounds,"  in  Paradise  Lost  There  is  the  term,  '*  Sink  the 
valley,"  in  the  East  Devonshire  volume — a  good  sporting  term 
all  over  England,  by  no  means  confined  to  Exmoor.  There 
is  also  the  word  "  stag,"  applied  to  a  young  cock  bird.  In  the 
old  cock-fighting  days  a  young  cock,  about  a  year  old,  not 
full  grown,  was  always  a  stag ;  and  a  stag-turkey  means  a 
young  cock  turkey.  It  is  good  English  for  a  young  male,  as 
may  be  seen  in  the  dictionaries.  It  is  chiefly  applied  to  the 
young  male  red-deer,  and  has  now  superseded  the  old  proper 
word  "  hart "  for  a  full-grown  male  red-deer.  A  male  red- 
deer  is  a  calf  the  first  year,  a  pricket  the  second  year,  a 
brocket  the  third  year,  a  staggard  the  fourth  year,  a  stag  the 
fifth  year  (when  he  may  be  hunted)  and  a  hart  the  sixth  and 
other  years  when  full  grown.  I  think  all  such  common 
words,  commonly  used  in  a  common  sense,  all  over  England 


DEVONSHIRE  DIALECT.  285 

might  well  be  struck  out  of  a  Dictionary  of  Devonshire 
Dialect,  and  they  require  a  good  deal  of  editing. 

The  Devonshire  pronunciation  of  course  pervades  the 
whole  language,  whether  good  English  or  Dialect.  It  is 
strong,  forcible,  and  not  inharmonious  to  those  who  are  used 
to  it,  in  the  faraway  country  parishes,  where  Dialect  is  the 
only  talk  known,  and  where  it  is  at  home.  But  when  it 
comes  to  town,  and  is  applied  to  Johnsonian  English,  to  long 
compound  words  with  latin  or  French  origins,  such  as  the 
middle-class  delight  in  :  when  houses  are  residences ;  places, 
situations ;  schools,  establishments  or  seminaries ;  walks, 
promenades,  etc.,  it  is  an  abomination. 


THE  DEVONSHIEE  DOMESDAY. 

BY   SIB   FBBDBUIGK   POLLOCK. 
(Beftd  at  TarqxiMj,  1898.) 


[The  Exchequer  Domesday,  in  the  folio  edition,  is  cited  as  D,  the  Exeter 
Domesday  as  DX,  the  edition  published  by  the  Devonshire  Association  as  DV.] 


This  paper  is,  in  the  first  place,  a  tribute  to  the  Devonshire 
Association  for  the  excellent  work  of  piety  they  have  done 
towards  their  own  county  in  reprintiug  its  Domesday  Survey. 
Such  an  example  deserves  to  be  widely  known,  and  every 
one  interested  in  the  general  or  local  history  of  English 
institutions  ought  to  do  his  best  to  get  it  followed.  In 
Devonshire  itself  much  remains  to  be  done  in  the  way  of 
detailed  elucidation,  identification  of  place-names  and  so 
forth,  which  can  be  done  only  on  the  spot,  and  by  those  who 
have  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  county.  My  present 
object  is  rather  to  indicate  some  points  of  interest  presented 
by  the  Devonshire  Survey  than  to  attempt  a  solution  of  any 
of  the  Domesday  problems,  general  or  particular,  that  still 
remain  obscure.  The  main  point  is  that  the  work  of  the 
Association  has  made  the  data  far  more  accessible  than  they 
were  before.  We  can  see  our  materials  at  a  glance  in  a 
volume  of  convenient  form  instead  of  having  to  find  them 
in  two  folio  volumes  of  magnificent  but  unwieldy  size,  and 
then  read  them  in  texts  which  reproduce  the  contractions  of 
the  original  I  am  not  making  any  complaint  of  the  Eecord 
Commissioners*  edition  of  Domesday.  It  is  a  great  national 
work,  executed,  I  believe,  with  the  greatest  accuracy,  and  in 
the  best  way  for  a  standard  reproduction  that  was  practicable 
at  the  time.  But  it  is  not  an  easy  or  handy  book  to  work 
with.  It  is  not  an  ordinary  printed  text  at  all,  but  what 
classical  scholars  call  an  apograph.  The  Devonshire 
Association  has  not  only  given  us  a  conveniently  printed  text, 
but  (what  is  of  special  importance  in  a  county  included  in 


THE  DEVOiN  SHIRE  DOMESDAY.  287 

the  Exeter  Domesday)  the  fuller  digest  of  the  original  returns^ 
known  as  the  Exeter  Domesday  and  the  final  official  text 
known  as  the  Great  or  Exchequer  Domesday  are  exhibited  in 
parallel  columns.  I  do  not  share  the  pious  fears  of  some 
scholars  about  expanding  the  contractions.  *'  fiecord  type  ** 
and  contracted  printing  ought,  in  my  opinion,  to  be  things  of 
the  past.  Cases  of  real  doubt  are  very  few,  and  id  those 
cases  '*  record  type  "  merely  shirks  the  difficulty.  What  one 
is  entitled  to  in  such  a  case  is  a  critical  note,  and  perhaps  a 
facsimile  of  the  doubtful  part  of  the  MS.  But  "record  type" 
pretends  to  be  a  facsimile  and  is  not.  I  am  quite  aware  that 
some  of  the  common  abbreviations  of  Domesday  lend  them- 
selves to  misreading.  There  is  reason  to  think  that  in  one 
set  of  entries  the  official  scribes  themselves  read  in  their 
materials,  and  wrote,  hideSy  where  they  should  have  read  and 
written  hundreds.  No  such  example  occurs  in  the  West  of 
England  that  I  know  of,  and  the  one  very  common  contraction 
which  on  the  face  of  it  is  ambiguous,  car'  standing  equally 
for  caruca,  a  plough,  and  carucata,  a  plough-land,  in  all  cases 
of  both  words,  gives  practically  no  trouble  in  Devonshire. 
However,  one  can  always  refer  at  need  to  the  Record 
Commission  folios  or  to  the  Ordnance  Survey  Department's 
photo-zincographic  facsimile.'  That  the  present  editors  have 
done  well,  in  point  of  form,  in  producing  a  workmanlike 
edition  rather  than  a  splendid  library  book  after  the  manner, 
say  of  Larking*s  "  Domesday  of  Kent,"  will  not,  I  suppose,  be 
regarded  as  open  to  doubt 

The  Survey  of  Devonshire  is  one  of  the  most  methodical. 
We  may  turn  over  entry  after  entry  without  finding  any 
difference  except  in  the  names  and  figures.  The  same  form 
of  return,  as  appearing  in  the  Exeter  Domesday,  is  reduced 
to  the  same  condensation  in  the  Exchequer  text,  and  with 
the  same  omission  of  minor  details,  in  a  manner  showing 
that  the  clerks  of  the  so-called  dark  ages  had  never  lost  the 
traditions  of  office  routine  handed  on  from  the  latter  days 
of  the  Roman  empire.  I  need  hardly  point  out  that  there 
is  nothing  English  about  either  the  method  or  the  execution 

^  For  the  probable  form  of  the  returns  themselves,  see  the  extant  specimen 
for  Cambridgeshire,  Inquisitio  Comitatus  CarUabrigiensis,  ed.  Hamilton, 
Lond.  1876. 

•  A  few  slips  were  only  to  be  expected  in  a  work  due  toprivate  enterprise, 
and  executed  vdih  limited  means  and  leisure.  Thus  at  DV.  p.  680  (DX.  871) 
the  Record  Commission  text  shows  that  the  unmeaning  '  quam  ita  celataem 
regi  Qua  non  habuit  rex  gildum  suum '  should  be  '  quae  ita  oelata  est  t^ 
quod,  etc.  The  corresponding  words  of  the  Exchequer  text,  which  differ 
only  in  their  order,  have  been  correctly  extended. 


288  THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY. 

of  Domesday  Book.  Even  if  the  compilers  had  the  use  of 
extant  local'  surveys  made  in  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Confessor  or  earlier  (a  thing  which  we  have  not  the  means 
of  either  affirming  or  denying),  any  such  surveys  must 
themselves  have  been  directed  by  persons  whose  training 
was  mainly  Continental  The  mechanical  precision  with 
which  this  county  is  treated  has  both  advantages  and 
disadvantages.  It  certainly  makes  the  study  of  the  text 
far  easier.  There  is  only  one  set  of  "  common  forms  *'  to  be 
learnt.  When  those  are  mastered  the  meaning  is  seldom  open 
to  doubt.  Not  that  the  facts  as  stated  fail  to  raise  many 
a  question  of  more  or  less  curiosity.  But  it  is  almost  always 
a  question  of  local  history  and  circumstances,  hardly  ever 
a  puzzle  in  Anglo-Norman  terminology  or  law.  Devonshire 
might  well  be  taken  by  a  commencing  student  in  these 
matters  to  work  upon  as  a  profitable  example  of  the  normal 
Domesday  terminology  for  the  southern  counties,  free  or 
almost  free  from  the  complications  that  beset  us  in  other 
parts,  and  especially  in  those  where  Danish  influence  was 
or  had  been  strong.  But  this  facile  uniformity  of  method, 
this  disciplined  suppression  of  all  particulars  not  strictly 
relevant  to  the  purpose  of  assessing  the  king's  revenue,  have 
their  drawbacks  in  an  antiquary's  eyes.  We  miss  the 
problems  which  stimulate  research,  the  conflicts  or  seeming 
conflicts  of  overlapping  systems  of  nomenclature  which 
bring  speculative  theories  to  the  test.  Scarcely  shall  we 
find  in  the  Devon  Survey,  as  in  those  of  divers  northern  and 
midland  counties,  picturesque  materials  for  social  history. 
For  that  very  reason,  however,  Devonshire  is  a  good  subject 
for  the  production  of  what  I  must  take  leave  to  call,  even 
to  the  face  of  some  of  its  authors,  a  model  Domesday  edition. 
1  may  state  here  that  I  have  found  Mr.  R.  N.  Worth's 
"Suggested  Identifications  of  the  Domesday  Manors  of 
Devon "  a  most  useful  companion  to  the  edition  itself.  It 
seems  to  me  that  by  far  the  best  way  of  making  such  work 
immediately  useful,  and  of  obtaining  suggestion  and  criticism 
which  may  help  to  bring  it  to  approximate  perfection,  is  to 
publish  it  in  a  provisional  form  as  early  as  possible.  There  is 
no  kind  of  reason  to  be  ashamed  of  making  corrections  in  a 
work  so  full  of  inevitable  difficulties  and  ambiguities.  When 
one  observes  that  there  are  fifteen  Bucklands  to  be  sorted  out 
and  assigned,  if  possible,  to  their  right  places  on  the  county 
map,  one  feels  that  Mr.  Worth  will  have  every  reason  to  be 
satisfied  if  (putting  out  of  account  the  notorious  places 
about  which  no  doubt  is  possible)  his  identifications  turn 


t 

THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY.  289 

out,  on  the  whole,  to  have  been  right  oftener  than  not. 
Some  day  we  may  hope  for  a  full  Domesday  map  both  of 
Devon  and  of  other  counties ;  but  a  great  d^  of  combined 
work  and  patience  must  go  to  the  making  of  it  if  it  is  to  be 
really  well  done,  and  it  were  better  not  done  at  all  than  done 
otherwise. 

I  do  not  wish  to  waste  time  on  the  common  generalities  of 
Domesday  language,  but  it  is  needful  to  premise  something, 
as  it  is  only  of  late  years  that  anything  has  been  really 
settled,  even  on  fundamental  points.  The  normal  entry  of 
a  manor  in  this  county  gives  us  the  following  data  : 

1.  In  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  land  paid  geld  for  so 
many  hides. 

2.  There  is  land  for  so  many  plough-teams^  (this  is  the 
Exchequer  phrase;  in  the  Exeter  book,  so  many  plough- 
teams  can  plough  it). 

3.  There  are  so  many  plough-teams  and  so  many  bondmen 
in  demesne  (in  modern  language  "  in  hand  ") ;  besides,  there 
are  so  many  villeins  (and  other  sorts  of  inferior  tenants,  if 
such  there  be)  with  so  many  plough-teams  among  them. 

4.  Particulars  of  meadow,  pasture,  forest,  or  other  kinds  of 
profitable  land  outside  the  arable.  The  measurement  is 
sometimes  in  acres,  but  commonly  by  dimensions  in  length 
and  breadth  when  the  quantities  are  large.  (This  kind  of 
measurement  was  already  familiar  on  the  Continent,  as  we 
know  .from  the  survey  of  the  possessions  of  St.  Germain, 
cited  as  the  Polyptyque  d'lrminon,) 

5.  Total  annual  value  in  the  time  of  King  Edward,  and  at 
the  date  of  the  Domesday  Survey. 

Now  it  is  quite  clear  in  Devonshire  that  the  hide,  what- 
ever it  might  be  or  have  been  elsewhere,  is  used  as  a  unit 
of  assessment,  and  that  the  assessment  bears  no  constant 
relation  to  the  actual  quantity  of  arable  land.  The  king's 
geld  is  collected  at  so  much  per  hide,^  and  every  holding 
pays  according  to  its  assessment  without  regard  to  anything 
else.  In  fact  there  is  a  conventional  rateable  value  which  is 
kept  distinct  from  the  real  annual  value.     This  is  a  thing  of 

*  I  write  plough-team  for  caruca^  because  carvAa  obviously  means  not  the 
mere  instrument  of  wood  and  iron,  but  a  plough  in  working  order  with  its 
due  complement  of  oxen. 

^  The  sum  levied  per  hide  was  variable,  just  as  the  scale  of  rates  and 
income-tax  is  variable  now.  In  the  Conqueror's  time  it  was  six  shillings  per 
hide,  as  the  Inquisitio  Geldi  shows. 


290  THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY. 

daily  experience  in  modem  England,  so  there  is  no  mystery 
to  be  made  of  it  in  Domesday.  Only  we  find  in  Domesday 
that  the  ratio  of  difference  is  exceedingly  variabla  In 
Devon,  generally  speaking,  the  assessment  falls  short  of  the 
true  value.  In  some  favoured  places  it  is  as  little  as  one- 
tenth,  or  even  one-twentieth,  in  a  few  it  is  even  less. 
Observe  that  the  Survey  does  not  say  that  there  are  so  many 
hides,  but  that  the  manor  paid  geld  for  so  many  hides.  W  hy 
is  this  ?  Because,  although  the  hide  is  here  used  as  a  mere 
unit  of  assessment,  it  was  a  real  and  definite  measure  of 
land,  so  that  to  say  "  there  are  so  many  hides "  might  have 
been  thought  to  involve  a  statement  of  actual  acreage,  which, 
for  that  purpose,  was  exactly  what  the  Survey  wanted  to  avoid. 
Just  so  the  modern  "  rateable  value  "  of  land  or  a  house  is 
consistent  with  the  actual  rent  being  a  real  sum  due  and 
payable  in  sterling  money.  It  seems  fairly  settled,  notwith- 
standing various  apparent  anomalies,  that  the  normal  value 
of  the  hide,  as  an  actual  measure,  was  120  acres,  z.e.  a  long 
hundred.  Four  yardlands  or  virgates  regularly  made  a  hide, 
and  a  yardland  was  the  usual  holding  of  an  occupying  tenant 
As  a  matter  of  fact  the  holding  generally  *'lay  abroad"  in 
strips  in  the  common  fields,  every  strip  being  approximately 
an  acre.  We  have  to  remember  that  the  acre,  though  always 
constructed  on  the  same  pattern,  so  to  speak — a  furlong  in 
length  by  four  rods  in  breadth — was  of  variable  superficial 
contents,  because  the  length  of  the  rod  itself  differed  in  different 
parts  of  the  country,  and  perhaps  even  from  one  township  to 
another  in  the  same  county.^  We  know  also  that  the  hide, 
as  a  real  superficial  measure,  was  taken  to  be  as  much  as  one 
plough  could  till ;  in  fact  the  "  land  for  one  plough  "  of  the 
Exchequer  Domesday  is,  in  the  southern  counties,  an  actual 
hide  of  land.  But  the  surveyors  appear,  in  this  part  of 
England  at  any  rate,  to  have  purposely  confined  the  word 
"  hide  "  to  the  function  of  assessment.  They  made  it,  if  the 
expression  may  be  allowed,  their  money  of  account,  and 
avoided  confusion  by  always  speaking  of  ploughlands  when 
they  meant  to  say  how  much  land  there  really  was.     Then 

•  A  great  deal  has  been  written  on  these  matters.  James  F.  Morgan's 
Ervglarid  under  the  Norman  Occupation^  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Round's  paper  in  the 
first  volume  of  Domesday  Studies^  are  in  my  opinion  the  clearest  and  safest 
guides.  Mr.  Seebohm,  however  much  or  little  of  his  wider  theories  one  may 
be  disposed  to  accept,  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  having  demonstrated  that 
the  yardland  was  regularly  "a  bundle  of  strips."  Independent  proofs  have 
multiplied  since.  I  think  some  ot  our  college  maps  at  Oxford  are  almost 
better  than  any  of  Mr.  Seebohm's  examples.  But  it  was  Mr.  Seebohm  who 
set  us  looking  for  them. 


THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY.  291 

the  statement  of  the  number  of  teams  on  the  land  enabled 
the  king's  officers  to  compare  at  a  glance  the  capacity  of  the 
land — 80  many  ploiighs  can  till  it — with  the  actual  state  of 
cultivation.  It  is  well  to  add  that  in  the  expression  "  virgata 
terrae/'  which  sometimes  occurs,  the  addition  of  "terrae" 
makes  no  difference.  One  might  be  tempted  to  think  that 
"virgata"  without  addition  was  the  rateable  virgate,  and 
"  virgata  terrae  "  an  actual  measured  yardland ;  but  the  con- 
text makes  it  quite  clear  that  no  such  distinction  is  intended.^ 
The  virgate  is  still  simply  a  quarter  of  a  tax-paying  hide. 
In  the  northern  counties  the  carucata^  divided  not  into  four 
virgates,  but  into  eight  bovatae  or  oxgangs,  takes  the  place,  of 
the  hide  as  the  unit  of  assessment,  and,  allowing  for  this 
change  of  terminology,  the  principles  are  generally  the  same. 
(We  must  not  say  that  an  oxgang  is  half  a  yardland :  they 
belong  to  different  systems  of  measurement.  This  point  is 
sometimes  forgotten  even  by  careful  writers).  We  are  not 
concerned  here  with  the  difficulties  that  arise  in  the  midlands 
from  the  overlapping  of  "hidated"  and  "carucated"  districts, 
and  in  some  places  from  peculiar  local  nomenclature.^  Thus 
in  the  hundred  of  Derby,  between  the  Kibble  and  the  Mersey 
(D.  i.  2696),  we  are  expressly  told  (if  there  be  not  any  mistake) 
that  the  hide  contained  six  ploughlands.  But  happily  the 
Devonshire  Survey  gives  us  every  facility  for  practising  the 
sound  method  of  first  making  out  what  was  normal,  and  then 
proceeding  to  explain,  if  we  can,  what  was  abnormal.  I  feel 
sure  that  neglect  of  this  simple  canon  of  research  is  answerable 
for  a  great  deal  of  the  confusion  and  dissension  which  have 
made  Domesday  Book  a  mystery  even  to  learned  persons. 

If  what  has  now  been  said  is  right,  it  is  quite  an  idle 
task  to  divide  the  arable  acreage  of  a  county  (supposing  it 
to  be  exactly  known)  by  the  number  of  geld-payiug  hides, 
in  the  hope  of  getting  a  sort  of  average  value  in  acres  of  the 
hide  for  that  county.  The  sum  may  be  rightly  worked,  but 
the  quotient  will  have  no  meaning. 

Let  us  now  turn  to  such  characteristic  features  of  this 
county   as   we   find   disclosed    by   the   Survey.     We   must 

•  See  D.  I  107  (3),  DV.  499.  Geldabat  pro  una  virgata  terrae.  Terra  est 
ill  carucis. 

^  In  the  western  counties  we  sometimes  find  carucates,  apparently  signifying 
actual  area :  thus  under  Odetun,  Dorset,  D.  i.  83  (1),  "  Briesi  tenuit  miles 
regis  E.  et  geldabat  pro  xii.  hidis.  Terra  est  xvi.  car[ucarum].  De  ea  sunt 
in  dominio  liii.  carucatae."  The  word  is  written  at  full  length.  Mr.  Eyton 
{Key  to  Domesday)  entangled  his  meritorious  work  in  useless  difficulty  by 
not  seeing  that  in  the  ^^hidated"  counties  earucata  and  Urra  ad  imam 
earueam  are  synonymous. 


292  THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY. 

remember  that  King  William's  surveyors  made  no  attempt  to 
go  back  beyond  the  day  when  King  Edward  was  alive  and 
dead.  Therefore  we  must  not  expect  much  light  on  the 
antiquities  of  the  earlier  Anglo-Saxon  period,  still  less  on 
anything  pre-historic.  If  there  be  any  possible  historical 
confirmation  of  the  adage  that 

Eirton  "  was  a  market  town 
When  Exeter  was  vuzzy  down, 

it  is  not  in  Domesday  that  we  shall  find  it  William  the 
Conqueror's  men  were  no  antiquaries,  and  were  scholars  only 
for  strictly  practical  purposes. 

In  Sir  H.  Ellis's  General  Introduction  to  Domesday  Book, 
still  a  most  valuable  and  necessary  aid  to  the  student,  we 
read  (Pref.  p.  vii.)  that  the  value  of  land  was  generally  found 
to  have  decreased  since  the  Confessor's  time.  He  considers 
the  average  fall  to  have  been  nearly  25  per  cent.  Our 
county  presents  a  marked  exception  to  this.  I  have  not 
made  any  attempt  to  count  up  the  entries,  as  it  seems 
sufficient  for  the  present  to  observe  that,  even  on  the  most 
cursory  inspection,  it  is  obvious  that  the  great  majority 
of  Devonshire  estates  show  an  increased  value.  Not 
uncommonly  the  increase  is  a  large  one,  such  as  from  ten  to 
twenty  shillings.  In  one  case,  that  of  OfiFwell  near  Honiton 
(OflFewille,  D.  i.  108  (3),  DV.  557)  there  is  an  extraordinary 
rise  from  twelve  pence  to  thirteen  shillings.  Evidently 
this  land  had  been  much  improved,  for  there  is  said  to  be 
land  for  two  ploughs  only,  when  there  are  actually  three 
on  the  land,  one  belonging  to  the  lord,  and  two  to  the 
villeins.  There  is  another  case  of  what  may  be  called 
super-cultivation,  where  land  for  a  plough  and  a  half 
supports,  in  fact,  two  ploughs  (Wennacre,  D.  112(4), 
DV.  847.)  Here  the  Exchequer  scribe  marks  it  as  ex- 
ceptional ;®  but  the  increase  in  value  is  nothing  out  of  the 
way,  only  from  fifteen  to  twenty  shillings.  Yet  another 
case,  a  still  more  curious  one,  is  at  Otterton  (D.  i.  104  (2), 
DV.  277).  The  land  is  rated  at  fourteen  hides ;  there  is 
land  for  twenty-four  ploughs ;  and  the  actual  number  of 
ploughs  is  forty-six.  Value  formerly  ten  pounds,  now 
eighteen.  Otterton  is  close  to  the  coast.  Can  there  have 
been  fresh  reclaiming  of  foreshore?  Apart  from  what  may 
be  called  local  accidents,  I  do  not  know  how  the  special 
prosperity  of  Devon  in  the  years  following  the  Conquest  is 

•  Crediton  vulgo  /Tirto/i.— Bonn's  county  map,  1765. 

'  Terra  est  i  carucae  et  dimidiae.     Ibi  tamen  sunt  ii  caracae. 


THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY,  293 

to  be  accounted  for.  Perhaps  the  settlement  of  the  land 
was  comparatively  recent  in  many  parts,  and  it  had  only 
just  been  worked  up  to  its  fair  productive  capacity.  Perhaps 
the  customary  rents  and  services  which  made  up  the  value 
had  been,  for  some  reason,  generally  low  before  the  Conquest. 
But  I  do  not  think  it  likely  that  anything  equivalent  to 
a  general  raising  of  rent  on  the  occupying  cultivators  (I 
purposely  avoid  any  other  technical  word)  should  have 
taken  place  without  our  having  emy  other  evidence  of  it. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  look  at  the  examples  of  decreased 
value  which,  in  this  county,  are  the  exception.  Probably  there 
are  some  of  which  nothing  can  be  made  until  the  process  of 
identifying  names  has  been  more  fully  worked  out,  so  that  the 
Domesday  manors  can  be  arranged  with  approximate  certainty 
in  some  kind  of  topographical  order.  Even  then  there  will 
remain  cases  due  to  isolated  local  and  transitory  causes  which 
we  cannot  expect  to  know,  and  which  perhaps  would  throw 
no  light  on  anything  else  if  we  did  know  them.  But  at  any 
rate  we  can  point  to  two  interesting  groups  of  fallen  values. 
One  of  these  is  in  the  neighbourhood  ot  Exeter  (DV.  192  sqq.), 
and  is  easily  accounted  for  by  the  damage  done  in  William's 
western  campaign  in  the  early  part  of  1067,  when  Exeter  was 
besieged  and  reduced.  Another  depreciated  region  is  about  the 
coast  between  Plymouth  and  Prawle  Point,  as  appears  in  two 
different  parts  of  the  Survey  (DV.  359  sqq.,  and  598-606), 
We  are  relieved  from  the  trouble,  or  deprived  of  the  amuse- 
ment, of  conjectural  explanation,  by  the  express  statement 
of  the  Exeter  book  under  "Sura"  (Sewer,  DX.  301) :  "These 
nine  foresaid  manors  were  laid  waste  by  men  from  Ireland," 
per  irlandinos  homines.  The  irlandini  homines  were  doubtless 
Danes  of  the  Scandinavian  settlement  in  Ireland,  and  one 
may  suppose  that  English  exiles  had  something  to  do  with 
this  raid.  I  do  not  know  whether  general  history  has  preserved 
any  mention  of  it.  One  manor,  however,  that  of  Walementone 
(Wheeldon?)  had  increased  from  forty  to  fifty  shillings  in 
value,  notwithstanding  the  Danes. 

A  word  must  be  given  to  the  relation  of  rateable  or 
"geldable"  to  actual  value.  We  find  in  almost  every  case 
that  the  tenant  pays  for  a  number  of  hides  below  the  number 
both  of  ploughlands  and  of  teams  actually  employed;  and 
in  some  cases  the  assessment  is  so  low  as  to  be  almost 
nominal.  It  is  also  to  be  observed  that  systematic  under- 
hidation,  to  use  one  of  the  uncouth  technical  terms  which 
Domesday  students  have  been  almost  forced  to  coin  for 
themselves,  is  by  no  means  confined  to  royal  manors.    Also 


294  THE  DSV0N8H1KE  D0ME8DAT. 

it  dates  from  the  time  of  King  Edward,  and  is  far  beyond 
anything  that  the  rise  of  value  in  the  meantime  could  account 
for.  Tawton,  a  royal  manor,  has  thirty  ploughlands  and  also 
thirty  ploughs;  we  may  take  it,  therefore,  that  it  is  well 
cultivated.  It  pays  for  half  a  virgate,  that  is,  at  the  rate  of 
1  in  240  as  compared  with  the  possible  and  the  actual 
cultivation,  which  in  this  case  coincide.  But  Cullompton 
(Gurememtone,  D.  118  (1),  DV.  1157),  held  by  one  Godwin,  a 
king's  thane  who  was  there  before  the  Conquest,  has  thirty 
ploughlands  and  fifteen  ploughs  and  pays  for  one  virgate. 
If  we  take  the  actual  plough-teams  as  a  standard  of  value, 
this  gives  a  ratio  of  1  in  60.  At  Bishopstawton  (D.  101  (4), 
DY.  109),  the  bishop  has  150  ploughlands  and  106  teams.  He 
is  assessed  for  12  hides,  but  has  never  paid  on  3  hides  which 
are  assigned  to  the  demesne  land.  Thus,  comparing  the  hides 
which  really  pay  with  the  number  of  teams,  we  see  that  he 
is  rated  at  a  little  more  than  one-twelfth  of  the  full  amount. 
Turning  to  Okehampton  (D.  105  (4),  DV.  379)  we  find  it 
undertaxed  at  the  approximate  rate  of  1  in  32.  The  special 
note  that  *'  ibi  sedet  castellum  "  makes  it  plain  even  to  those 
who  have  not  seen  Okehampton  and  its  castle  with  their  own 
eyes  that  it  was  a  position  of  importance ;  and  Baldwin  the 
sheriff  might  very  well  be  lightly  taxed  in  consideration  of 
his  responsibility.  While  we  are  at  Okehampton,  we  may 
note,  as  Mr.  Worth  has  already  noted,  that  Domesday 
preserves  for  us  the  true  form  of  the  local  name,  Ockmenton 
as  we  should  now  write  it.  The  ham  in  the  modern 
cacography  of  Okehampton  has  no  business  there.  A  similar 
case  is  Walkhampton  (Walchentone  vulgo  Wackington), 
where  the  corruption  has  extended  to  the  name  of  the  river 
as  well  as  of  the  parish.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  ham 
could  not  possibly  be  the  genuine  original  termination  of  an 
English  river-name. 

To  return  to  the  geld  hides,  it  seems  to  me  that  even  when 
we  have  learnt  to  read  our  Domesday  we  have  a  good  deal 
more  to  learn  about  the  system  of  assessment.  It  is  easy 
to  say  that  allowances  were  made  for  the  different  qualities 
of  soil,  and  that  great  men  and  religious  houses  endowed 
with  lands  by  Edward  the  Confessor  or  his  ancestors  (for, 
once  more,  William's  surveyors  are  not  assessors,  but  take 
the  assessment  as  they  find  it)  were  specially  favoured. 
Some  few  of  the  king's  manors  (Silferton,  Axmiuster, 
Axmouth)  are  wholly  exempt  from  geld.  In  these  cases 
the  form  of  entry  is  "nescitur  quot  hidae  sunt  ibi  quia 
nunquam  geldabat"     But  the  fact  remains   that  material 


THE  DEVONSHIBB  DOMESDAY.  295 

*' under-hidation ''  is  found  in  places  where  the  soil  is  not 
poor,  and  the  tenants  were  not  very  great  men.  We  know 
that  long  before  the  Conquest  the  population  of  counties 
and  provinces  was  roughly  estimated  by  saying  that  they 
contained  so  many  hides.  My  learned  friend  Mr.  Maitland 
suggests  to  me  that  for  the  purpose  of  geld  a  county  was 
assumed  (necessarily  on  rough  information)  to  contain  a 
certain  number  of  hides,  and  that  this  number  was  then 
distributed  in  a  more  or  less  arbitrary  fashion  over  the 
actual  cultivated  area.  This  appears  probable ;  but  I  doubt 
whether  the  materials  are  yet  ripe  for  anything  like  a 
complete  explanation,  and  I  am  sure  my  own  knowledge 
of  them  is  not.  The  late  Mr.  Eyton  called  attention  to  the 
under-hidation  of  Devon  and  Cornwall,  but  did  not  propound 
any  theory  of  it.^ 

The  generic  differences  between  the  Exeter  and  the  Ex- 
chequer Domesday  are  not  peculiar  to  Devon,  and  have 
often  been  pointed  out.  But  among  the  animals  which,  as  I 
may  assume  to  be  well  known,  figure  in  the  Exeter  book 
only,  there  are  at  Cornwood  three  calling  for  attention.  One 
Eeginald  holds  Cornwood  of  Eobert,  County  of  Mortaine, 
whose  greed  is  denounced,  I  suppose  not  beyond  his  deserts, 
in  more  than  one  passage  of  my  late  colleague  Mr.  Freeman's 
great  work.^  Beginald  possesses,  among  other  live  stock, 
"iii  equas  indomitas."  Having  regard  to  the  situation  of 
Cornwood,  I  think  we  are  justified  in  taking  these  three 
unbroken  mares  to  be  the  first  Dartmoor  ponies  of  which 
authentic  history  makes  mention.  As  the  owner  of  a  Dart- 
moor pony  I  feel  bound  for  my  own  part  to  entertain  this  as 
a  pious  opinion.  The  same  Beginald  it  would  seem  appears 
in  one  place  as  the  officer  making  a  return,  for  under 
Langeford  (DX.  89,  90,  DV.  74)  is  a  statement  in  the  first 
person :  "  Baginaldus  reddidi  ad  firmam  regis  pro  terra 
Ordulfi  xxiiii  libras."  It  would  be  tempting  to  linger  on 
what  may  be  called  the  personal  gossip  of  history:  to 
speculate,  for  example,  on  the  Breton  adventurer  Judhel,' 
lord  of  Totnes  and  of  many  lands,  in  whose  person  the 
West  Welsh  may  be  said  to  have  enjoyed,  in  a  roundabout 
way,  a  kind  of  Celtic  victory  over  their  Saxon  conquerors. 

*  Key  to  Domesday y  9. 

'  The  canons  of  St.  Germain  complain  that  the  Count  has  spoilt  their 
Sunday  market  ("  modo  adnichilatur  )  by  setting  up  an  opposition  market 
at  his  own  neighbouring  castle  on  the  same  day,  DX.  182. 

'  His  name  is  the  only  proof  that  he  was  a  Breton,  but,  being  a  oommon 
Breton  name,  seems  enougn. 


296  THE  DSVONSHIRE  DOM£SDAT« 

Bat  a  lawyer  must  turn  to  matters  of  the  law,  as  being 
weightier  at  all  events  for  him. 

We  must  not  expect  to  find  in  Domesday  the  system  of 
English  real  property  law  which  was  settled,  as  to  its  main 
lines,  two  centuries  later,  and  developed  its  characteristic 
refinement  and  complexity  later  still.  We  must  not  even 
expect  to  find  pure  and  symmetrical  feudalism.  Beaumanoir 
and  the  Assizes  of  Jerusalem  are  still  a  long  way  off.  We 
find  things  which  would  be  impossible  to  the  law  of  the 
fifteenth  or  even  the  thirteenth  century.  The  wife  of 
Baldwin  the  sheriff  holds  land  of  him  in  two  places. 
Tenure  is  not  yet  a  word  of  art  implying  that  the  tenant 
holds  from  a  superior  to  whom  he  owes  fealty  and  suit  of 
court  The  king  himself  is  said  to  hold  his  own  domains : 
Rex  tenet  is  the  common  form.  This,  it  is  true,  may  be  found 
much  later,  for  there  was  no  other  available  word.  But  I 
conceive  it  would  have  been  rather  difficult  to  make  a 
Domesday  scribe  see  that  he  was  using  the  word  in  different 
senses  for  the  king  and  for  a  subject.  Then  words  occur  of 
which  Littleton  and  even  Bracton  have  nothing  to  tell  us; 
and,  on  the  other  hand,  some  words  we  are  familiar  enough 
with  in  modem  law  seem  to  be  only  just  acquiring  a  distinct 
legal  meaning  in  Domesday.  We  have  to  translate  mansio  by 
"manor";  and  I  am  myself  disposed  to  think  that  private 
jurisdiction,  the  most  important  feature  of  the  English 
manor  in  its  legal  aspect,  was  not  only  fully  established 
at  the  date  of  the  Norman  Conquest  (as  to  which  indeed 
there  is  no  dispute),  but  that  it  was  not  a  new  or  recent 
thing  in  England.  Still  we  must  beware  of  assuming  any 
right  to  transfer  to  the  mansio  of  Domesday  the  definitions 
and  associations  belonging  to  the  complex  legal  structure 
which  was  elaborated  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries. 
In  this,  however,  there  is  nothing  peculiar  to  Devonshire. 
I  proceed  to  a  feature  which,  though  not  confined  to 
Devonshire  or  even  to  Wessex,  is  certainly  characteristic 
of  the  western  counties,  and  hardly  to  be  found  anywhere 
else  in  as  much  detail.^  I  mean  the  number  of  small 
freeholders  described  as  thanes,  and  generally  but  not  always 
occuriug  in  groups  from  two  upwards.  They  seem  to  be 
much  the  same  class  as  the  ''liberi  homines"  of  the 
eastern  counties,  the  "  sochemanni "  of  the  Danelaw,  and  the 
♦*alodiarii"   of    Berkshire  and   Hampshire.      In    one    case 

*  It  is  rather  nnfortunate  that  in  Sir  H.  EUis's  abstracts  of  population 
the  different  denominations  of  freemen  bMow  tenants  in  chief  are  all  thrown 
together  as  "under-tenants." 


THE  DSVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY.  297 

(Bovey  Tracey,  DX.  126,  DV.  130)  we  learn  from  the  Exeter 
text  that  the  holdings  of  a  group  of  fifteen  thanes  had  been 
bookland:  this  supplies  a  link  with  the  "alodiarii/'  for  I 
take  it  as  settled  that  the  Anglo-Norman  "alodium"  is  a 
translation  of  "  bookland,"  and  nothing  else.  We  often  find 
it  said  of  them  "  potuit  ire  ad  quemlibet  dominum,"^so  that 
the  tenure  is  not  yet  fully  feudalized.  Lordship  is  still  a 
personal  matter  in  the  first  instance,  not  a  purely  territorial 
one.  We  find  however  that  the  abbot  of  Tavistock  had 
already  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  contrived  to  attach 
his  thanes  to  the  church:  ''non  poterant  ab  aecclesia 
separari."  These  freeholders  are  clearly  different  from  the 
thanes  we  hear  of  in  Anglo-Saxon  documents,  who  are 
persons  of  considerable  rank  and  are  expected  to  have  five 
hides  of  land.  Our  Wcssex  thanes  constantly  hold  a 
ploughland  apiece,  or  less;  in  a  few  cases  the  holding  is 
but  half  a  virgate,  and  the  actual  extent,  not  being  mentioned, 
may  be  presumed  to  have  been  small.  Yet  these  people, 
holding  perhaps  fifty  acres,  were  free  to  go  with  their  land 
to  any  lord  they  pleased.  (DX  88,  90,  DV.  64,  68.) 

In  the  Exeter  book  these  small  thanes  are  constantly  S€dd 
to  hold  pariter.  In  the  Exchequer  book  this  word  is 
commonly  replaced  by  libere,  but  several  times  by  in  paragio 
either  in  the  margin  or  in  the  text  itself.  There  are  several 
examples  of  a  single  person  holding  in  paragio,^  One  such 
person  (Afton,  D.  114  (4J,  DV.  959)  is  not  a  thane,  but 
"quaedam  femina."®  Faragium  occurs  many  times  in  the 
southern  counties  (except  Cornwall),  oftenest  in  Wessex,  apd 
also  in  Berks ;  there  is  a  single  example  in  Cheshire.  But  it 
does  not  seem  probable  that  the  term  denotes  anything  which, 
in  substance,  existed  only  in  the  south  of  England.  "  Aequa- 
liter  et  pariliter"  occurs  in  Lincolnshire  (D.  i.  375).  It  is 
clear  then  that  paragium  denoted  a  form  of  free  tenure ;  and 
that,  although  "  partage  "  may  be  as  good  a  way  of  Englishing 
it  as  any  other,  it  did  not  involve,  whatever  its  origin  may 
have  been,  an  existing  tenancy  in  common.  So  much  Domes- 
day tells  us,  and  we  shall  hardly  learn  anything  more  in 
England.  The  word  is  not  a  word  of  English  law.  Coke 
stumbled  on  it  in  Domesday,  and  obviously  did  not  under- 
stand it.  Neither  did  his  learned  annotator  Hutler."^  Evidently 

'  Tlie  one  northern  example  of  ptiragium  (in  Cheshire,  D.  i.  263  h)  la  of 
this  kind. 

'  A  score  of  tenants  in  the  eastern  counties  are  described  merely  as  ''libera 
femina,"  according  to  Ellis's  Index. 

7  Co.  Lit.  175  6. 

VOL.  XXV.  U 


298  THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY. 

it  is  a  Nonnan  term,  adapted  for  the  nonce  to  fit  the  facts  of 
southern  England  as  best  it  might.  Now  Du  Gange  tells  us 
at  once»  sv)  Faragium,  what  parage  meant  in  Normandy. 
It  was  the  holding  of  a  fief  by  several  kinsmen,  brothers  or 
cousins  as  it  might  be,  of  whom  only  the  eldest  answered  to 
the  over-lord  for  the  dues  and  services.  The  younger  ones 
owed  fealty  to  the  eldest,  who  thus  was  in  a  position  to  make 
them  furnish  their  shares.^  Now  something  like  this  would 
be  the  probable  result  of  imposing  feudalism  on  groups  of 
allodial  owners,  holding  inheritances  divided  among  them  by 
a  custom  of  descent  in  equal  shares,  which  we  know  to  have 
been  a  prevalent  type  of  English  customary  law.  Paragium 
would  be  the  natural  word  for  a  Norman  clerk  to  apply  to  it. 
How  to  explain  a  single  man  or  woman  holding  in  paragio 
I  know  not.  Probably  the  explanation  wcruld  turn  out  to  be 
quite  simple.  It  may  be  that  the  survivor  of  several  tenants 
in  paragio,  or  a  sole  heir  to  whom  a  partible  inheritance  had 
descended,  was  still  described  in  the  same  way.  Possibly, 
too,  the  senior  tenant  who  was  answerable  for  the  whole  was 
sometimes  entered  alone.  In  details  of  this  kind  there  is 
much  variation  in  Domesday,  even  within  the  same  county. 

I  do  not  propose  just  now  to  make  any  attempt  at 
inferences  reaching  beyond  Devonshire,  or  behind  the  day 
when  King  Edward  was  alive  and  dead,  from  our  Domesday 
accounts  of  thanes  who  held  pariter  or  in  paragio.  But  it 
does  not  seem  to  me  that  this  class  of  facts  afibrds  much 
comfort  to  certain  theories  which  have  lately  become  rather 
fashionable.  I  do  not  think  we  can  now  believe  in  a  golden 
age  of  free  village  communities  in  the  time  of  Eling  Edward 
or  even  King  Alfred,  if  indeed  any  serious  scholar  ever  did. 
As  I  have  had  occasion  to  say  elsewhere,  Kemble  at  all 
events  did  not.  But  neither  are  we  called  upon  to  believe 
in  an  universal  system  of  manorial  villeinage. 

*  In  Bucks  we  find,  D.  i  145  (8),  a  group  of  eight  thanes,  of  whom  "  anus 
eomm  Alii  homo  regis  £.  senior  aliorum  fait." 


ON  THE  ASSOCIATION'S  ENGLISH  VERSION  OF 
THE  DEVONSHIEE  DOMESDAY. 

BY   SIR  JOHN   B.    PHEAR,    H.A.,  F.O.B. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1898.) 


Although  my  name  has  for  several  years  past  had  the 
honour  of  a  place  on  the  Domesday  Committee  of  this 
Association,  I  became  a  member  of  that  Committee  at  so 
late  a  stage  of  its  labours  that  I  have  unfortunately  no  title 
to  any  share  of  the  great  credit  due  to  it  for  the  excellent 
work  which  it  has  achieved ;  and  for  the  same  cause  I  hope  I 
may  be  acquitted  of  all  disloyalty  to  my  colleagues,  if  I 
venture  here  with  much  diffidence  to  indicate  to  the  Associa- 
tion some  inaccuracies  which  appear  to  me  to  have  crept 
into  the  Committee's  English  version  of  the  mediaeval  Latin 
text,  and  to  offer  suggestions  for  their  amendment 

Some  of  the  alterations  proposed  may  perhaps  be  thought 
of  little  importance;  but  others  have,  I  think,  considerable 
significance  as  bearing  on  the  manorial  and  administrative 
system  which  was  subsisting  in  England  at  the  time  of  the 
Conquest. 

The  first  entry  in  the  Devonshire  Domesday  deals  with 
Exeter,  in  which  city,  it  is  recorded,  the  king  has  285  houses 
rendering  customary  dues.  And  it  may  be  remarked  by  the 
way  that  this  entry  introduces  us  at  once  to  the  in- 
conveniences resulting  from  the  scarcity  and  the  generally 
debased  character  of  the  coinage  of  the  time,  and  to  the 
expedients  adopted  by  the  Exchequer  for  securing 
approximately  accurate  payment  of  a  specified  sum  of 
money.     Among  other  things  it  states  that  in  the  total 

"This  (city)  renders  18  pounds  per  annum.  Of  these  Baldwin 
the  Sheriff  has  six  pounds  by  weight  and  assay,  and  Colvin  has  of 
them  12  pounds  by  tale  for  the  service  of  Queen  Eadgyth." 

One  pound  or  20  shillings  meant  one  pound  or  12  ounces 
troy  of  silver;    and  when  money  was  payable  by  weight 

V  2 


300  ON  THE  A8S0CUTI0N*S  ENGUSH  VEBSION  OF 

20  shillings  were  not  taken  as  safficient  payment  of  one 
pound  unless  they  fully  weighed  one  pound,  and  the  payer 
had  to  make  up  any  deficiency  there  might  be  in  weight  by 
adding  more  money.  If  the  amount  was  payable  by  both 
weight  and  assay,  even  after  the  full  weight  was  in  this  way 
completed,  the  fineness  of  the  metal  was  tested  by  burning 
or  melting  a  sample,  and  on  this  being  found  defective,  the 
sum  to  be  paid  was  further  increased  by  the  addition  of  Is. 
per  every  20s.  of  the  original  tale. 

In  this  instance  it  is  observable  that  the  portion  of  the 
customary  dues  rendered  for  the  285  houses,  which  went 
to  the  King's  establishment,  was  collected  by  the  Sheriff 
under  the  strictest  rules  of  weight  and  assay,  while  the  other, 
which  went  to  the  widow  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  was 
received  by  tale  only.  The  Exchequer  authority,  no  doubt, 
took  care  that  the  Sheriff  accounted  for  the  full  and  accurate 
amount  due  to  the  Crown,  but  did  not  trouble  itself  about 
the  ex-Queen's  share. 

The  division  of  these  Exeter  dues  between  the  establish- 
ments of  the  King  and  Queen  seems  to  have  been  continued 
through  the  next  two  reigns,  the  Queen's  portion,  however, 
being  then  as  strictly  looked  after  as  the  King's.  For,  some 
twenty  years  after  the  date  of  Domesday,  Henry  I.,  by  a  deed 
which  is  referred  to  in  Madox's  Histoi^y  of  Exchequer,  vol.  i. 
p.  276,  granted  and  confirmed  to  the  Priory  of  the  Holy 
Trinity  in  London  for  the  soul  of  Queen  Matilda  his  wife 

"xxvl  ad  scalam  per  annum  de  reditibus  ipsius  reginsB  in 
Exonia,  quae  predicta  regina  Matilda  eis  dedit  in  vita  sua." 

The  expression  "ad  scalam,"  so  often  met  with  in  early 
accounts  as  a  condition  attached  to  the  payment  of  a  specified 
sum  of  mone^^,  indicated  that  the  rectification  of  the  pay- 
ment in  respect  of  shortcoming,  either  in  the  weight  or  in 
the  quality  of  the  coins  paid,  or  in  both,  was  to  be  made  by 
the  addition  to  such  original  sum  of  a  fixed  small  sum  or 
rate  per  pound  by  way  of  average.  For  short  weight  only 
this  addition  was  usually  6d.  in  the  pound  of  the  original 
sum,  and  for  both  short  weight  and  defect  in  the  fineness  of 
metal  it  was  Is. 

Thus  the  payments  made  under  this  grant  out  of  the 
Exeter  dues  to  the  canons  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  which  can  be 
traced  from  the  date  of  the  grant  down  to  the  thirty-third 
year  of  King  Edward  I.  (nearly  two  centuries),  always  appear 
as  £25  12s.  6d. — viz.,  25  pounds  and  25  sixpences — from 
which  we  may  perhaps  infer  that  during  this  period,  at  any 


THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY.  301 

rate,  whatever  was  the  case  before  and  at  the  time  of  Domes- 
day, there  was  no  serious  ground  of  complaint  as  to  the 
quality  of  the  currency. 

The  original  sum  of  money,  whatever  it  was,  when  supple- 
mented to  accord  with  the  scale  was  said  to  be  "dealbata/'  or 
blanched,  or  was  so  much  money  "blank"  or  clean.  For 
example,  £25  blanc,  or  £25  dealbata,  would  be  £25  128.  6d. 

To  return  to  our  text : 

There  are  in  the  Committee's  English  version  of  this 
Exeter  entry  two  renderings,  which  seem  to  me  open  to  some 
question.  The  first  occurs  in  the  translation  of  the  following 
passage  in  the  Exeter  record  : — 

"  Hsec  civitas  non  reddidit  gildum  tempore  regis  Edwardi  nisi 
qoando  Lundonia  reddebat  et  Eburacum  et  Wintonia,  et  hoc  erat 
dimidia  marca  argenti  ad  solidarios." 

where  the  word  "  solidarios,"  which  in  strictness  merely 
means  "  paid  men  "  or  "  stipendiaries,"  and  is  the  origin  of 
the  modern  term  "  soldiers,"  is  rendered  "  men-at-arms." 
A  better  rendering  would  be  "  hired  troops,"  or  perhaps  even 
"  payment  of  troops." 

It  is  perhaps  not  very  clear  who  came  under  the  designa- 
tion ''  solidarii,"  in  an  English  military  force  about  the  time 
of  the  Conquest.  At  first  they  seem  to  have  been  merely 
"  mercenaries  "  in  the  general  sense  of  the  word,  as  in  the 
instance  given  by  Dr.  Stubbs  in  his  ConstitiUianal  History^ 
quoting  from  Florence  of  Worcester : 

*'In  1085  the  Conqueror's  army  raised  for  the  defence  against 
Canute  of  Danemark  was  composed  of  'solidarii/  footmen  and 
archers  collected  from  all  parts  of  France  and  Brittany." 

And  the  levy  for  their  support  was  of  the  nature  of  Dane- 
geld,  justified  possibly  by  precedents,  which  constituted  the 
foundation  for  the  statement  in  the  text  as  to  London,  York, 
and  Winchester. 

Speaking  further  of  the  royal  advantages  at  that  time 
Dr.  Stubbs  adds — 

''  The  fact  that  each  of  these  three  sources  of  military  strength 
— the  feudal  array,  the  national  militia,  and  the  mercenary  com- 
panies— was  available  on  both  sides  of  the  Channel,  placed  a  very 
powerful  engine  of  warfare  in  the  king's  hands." 

But  even  if  the  term  "solidarii"  was  not  strictly  limited  by 
the  Exeter  Domesday  Commissioners  to  an  outside  hired  body 
of  men,  it  could  hardly  have  been  identical  with  the  class  who 
at  some  later  date  came  under  the  designation  in  English  of 


302  ON  THE  ASSOCUTION'S  ENGLISH  VERSION  OF 

"men-at-arms,"  and  in  Norman-French  of  "hommes  d'armes/' 
and  who  appear  to  have  been  the  smaller  mounted  freeholders 
furnished  one  per  each  knight's  fee,  but  not  of  knightly  rank. 
(2  Enc.  Brit.  9  ed.  p.  568.)  Even  in  Froissart,  just  300  years 
after  the  date  of  Domesday,  we  find  the  "  souldoies  "  distin- 
guished from  the  "gens  d'armes."  {Chron.  livre  il  ch.  128.) 
Du  Cange  says  of  the  term  "homines"  or  "hommes," 
after  describing  the  three  original  classes  to  which  it  was 
applicable, 

"Homines  appellari  coepere  vassalli  et  clientes  qui  ratione 
beneficiorum  ac  feudorum  dominis  suis,  speciali  ad  id  fact& 
professione,  quae  ex  hoc  hominium  et  homagium  dicta  est,  fidem 
et  servitium  seu  militise  vel  pladtorum  aut  quodvis  aliud  debebant ; 
qu&  quidem  notione  vocem  homme  usurpant  passim  consuetudines 
nostroe  municipales,  quarum  locos  indicavit  Reguleius." 

• 

And  the  quotation  given  in  support  of  this  is  from  Annales 
Francarum  Fuld.  ann.  884. 

Also  of  the  very  phrase  in  question  he  states :  "  Homines 
ad  arma,  cataphracti  equites,  nostris  hommes  d'armes,"  re- 
ferring for  its  use  to  Fortescue,  de  Laudibus  Legum  Anglice,  of 
a  date  posterior  to  1463,  more  than  50  years  after  Froissart's 
death. 

It  seems  therefore,  in  brief,  that  when  "men-at-arms" 
became  a  recognized  military  term,  the  Latin  and  French 
equivalents  from  which  it  sprung  were  "  homines  ad  arma  " 
and  "hommes  d'armes"  respectively,  and  it  designated  a 
particidar  arm,  as  we  should  say  now-a-days,  of  a  military 
force,  not  the  whole  force  generally.  Still  less  apparently 
was  it  applicable  specially  to  that  portion  of  a  force  (if  any 
there  was)  which  was  distinguished  from  the  rest  by  being 
stipendiary. 

The  corresponding  passage  in  the  Exchequer  record  has  a 
slightly  different  ending  in  these  words — "  et  hoc  est 
dimidia  marca  argenti  ad  opus  militum";  but  notwith- 
standing this  change  in  the  Latin  phraseology  the  Com- 
mittee's translation  here  again  employs  the  same  word  as 
before,  so  that  we  have  "men-at-arms"  standing  on  one 
page  for  "  solidarii,"  and  on  the  opposite  page  for  "  milites." 
This  cannot  be  considered  a  satisfactory  rendering  of  an 
important  historical  record,  which  loses  all  value  unless  it  is 
as  precisely  literal  as  it  can  be  made.  The  place  for  an 
explanatory  or  equivalent  version  of  the  text  is  either  a 
parenthesis  or  a  note.  I  would  venture  to  suggest  that  the 
more  accurate  rendering  of  "ad  opus  militum"  would  be 


THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY.  303 

''for  military  purposes."  But  at  auy  rate  the  difiPerence 
between  the  language  of  the,  so  to  speak,  Local  Commis- 
sioners in  the  Exeter  record  and  that  of  the  Exchequer 
Authority  in  the  Winchester  is  probably  not  without  signifi- 
cance, and  ought  not  to  be  obscured  in  the  translations. 

In  the  passage  relative  to  the  number  of  untenanted 
houses,  which  is  essentially  the  same  in  both  returns,  the 
sense  of  "  sunt  vastatai "  seems  to  be  "  have  been  in  a  state 
of  waste,"  or  "lying  waste,"  rather  than  "have  been  laid 
waste,"  as  the  translation  has  it.  "Vastus"  and  "vastatus" 
were  used  indifferently  to  express  the  same  thing,  as  indeed 
can  be  seen  by  a  comparison  of  the  Exchequer  and  Exeter 
returns  for  the  next  manor — Lidford — and  the  fact  expressed 
by  them  was  probably  so  far  important  that  as  long  as  it 
existed  it  served  to  give  the  Sheriff  a  right  to  claim  an 
allowance  or  discount,  as  for  waste,  on  the  lull  ferm  of  the 
manor. 

The  heading  "Terra  Eegis,"  which  follows  the  Exeter  entry 
in  the  Exchequer  return,  should  be  rendered  "  King's  Land," 
or  "  King's  Manors."  ^  The  translation  actually  given,  **  King's 
Demesne  Lands,"  is  not  merely  wrong,  but  misleading. 

Under  the  head  of  Axminster  occurs  a  rendering  which  I 
think  needs  amending.  The  Exeter  return,  after  stating  that 
"  the  king  has  a  manor  which  is  called  Axminster,"  &c., 
goes  on  to  say,  "De  eadem  mansione  habent  monachi  de 
Batailla  i  ferdinum,  quem  Eccha  prropositus  accommodavit 
cuidam  presbitero  tempore  regis  Edwardi."  That  is,  as  I 
read  it,  *'  Of  the  land  of  the  same  manor  the  monks  of 
Battle  have  one  ferling,  which  Eccha  the  Eeeve  allowed  a 
certain  priest  to  have  the  use  of  in  the  time  of  King 
Edward."  And  from  the  corresponding  passage  in  the 
Exchequer  return  it  would  appear  that  the  ferling  (so  to 
speak)  originated  with  the  accommodation  to  the  priest,  and 
had  no  previous  separate  existence. 

In  the  manorial  system  prevailing  at  the  time  of  the 
Conquest,  the  reeve  or  praepositus  was  one  of  the  villeins 
chosen  by  themselves  (somewhat  answering  to  the  mundal  of 
a  Bengali  village),  whose  duty  among  other  things  seems  to 
have  been  to  superintend  the  performance  of  labour  due  from 
the  villeins  for  the  lord's  benefit,  and  to  arrange  for  the 
manorial  ploughings  and  so  on.  It  was,  therefore,  within  his 
power — doubtless  with  the  consent  of  the  other  villeins — to 
let  the  priest  practically  share  with  them  in  the  communal 
land  of  the  manor  according  to  the  communal  method  of 

'  This  correction  has  been  made  in  the  list  of  errata. 


304  ON  THE  association's  ENGLISH  VEBSION  OF 

cultivation,  and  by  the  nature  of  the  case  this  share  would 
be  free  of  servile  obligation  to  the  lord  If,  therefore,  this 
sharing  in  the  common  land  thus  begun  were  continued  with 
the  sanction  of  the  lord  and  the  homage,  it  became  a  tenure 
in  franc  almoigne,  which  called  for  notice  in  the  Domesday 
return.  The  Committee's  rendering  of  "  accommodavit 
cuidam,"  &c.,  namely,  "  permitted  a  certain  priest  to  hold," 
thus  seems  to  me  not  merely  to  be  not  strictly  accurate,  but 
to  miss  the  true  nature  of  the  transaction  described. 

In  the  next  manor  (Braunton)  one  passage  of  the  English 
rendering  exhibits  a  strange  misconstruction  of  the  meaning 
of  the  original.  The  Exeter  return,  after  giving  the  particulars 
of  the  demesne,  &c.,  states  as  to  the  manor — 

"reddit  per  annum  xvi  librae  ad  pensum  et  quando  Baldwinus 
vicecomes  recepit  hanc  qui  tenet  earn  ad  firmam  de  rege,  reddebat 
tantundem." 

The  latter  part  of  which  is  thus  translated — 

"  and  when  Baldwin  the  Sheriff,  who  holds  it  as  part  of  the  king's 
ferm  received  it,  it  returned  just  as  much." 

Obviously  *'qui  tenet  eam  ad  firmam  de  rege"  should  be 
rendered  "who  holds  it  at  a  ferm  [or  at  farm]  from  the 
king,"  and  not  "who  holds  it  as  part  of  the  king's  ferm," 
which  indeed  can  have  no  meaning. 

The  mistake  is  possibly  attributable  to  a  misapprehension 
of  the  nature  of  the  manorial  "  ferm,"  and  a  word  or  two  of 
explanation  may  not  be  altogether  out  of  place  in  these 
comments. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  manorial  system  the  ferm  or  feorm 
was  the  produce  in  kind,  or  the  food  return,  derived  by  the 
lord  from  his  manor,  being  partly  the  out-turn  of  his  demesne 
land,  and  partly  the  dues  from  the  villeins. 

In  the  case  of  the  Eoyal  Manors  it  was  the  duty  of  every 
sheriff  to  make  collection  of  the  ferm  from  each  of  those 
within  his  county,  and  to  deliver  it  according  to  the  royal 
requirements  and  orders.  The  author  of  Dialogus  de  Scaccario, 
who  dates  the  inception  of  his  work  in  the  twenty-third  year 
of  Henry  II.'s  reign  {i.e.  1177,  just  a  century  after  the  battle 
of  Hastings),  thus  describes  the  practice : 

**  As  we  have  it  handed  down  to  us  by  our  fathers,  in  the  earliest 
state  of  the  kingdom  after  the  conquest,  it  was  not  gold  or  silver 
in  hard  cash  that  was  paid  the  kings  from  their  [manorial]  estates, 
but  simply  provisions  in  kind,  from  which  was  served  out  what  was 
needed  for  the  daily  consumption  of  the  royal  household.     And 


THE  DEVONSHIRE  DOMESDAY.  306 

those  who  were  set  over  this  business  had  information  [notice]  how 
much  was  coming  from  the  respective  estates.  Besides  this,  money 
in  coin 'for  the  pay  or  largesses  of  the  troops  (militum)  and  other 
needs,  was  supplied  from  the  pleas  of  the  Crown  and  conventions 
and  from  cities  and  castles,  which  had  no  agricultural  industry.  This 
system  prevailed  for  the  whole  time  of  King  William  !■*  down  to 
the  times  of  King  Henry  his  son ;  so  that  I  myself  may  have  seen 
people,  who  may  have  seen  provisions  in  kind  being  conveyed  at 
the  appointed  times  from  the  royal  estates  to  the  Court ;  and  the 
officers  of  the  royal  household  knew  for  certain  from  which  counties 
wheat,  from  which  the  different  sorts  of  meat,  or  the  fodder  of  the 
horses,  or  the  other  things  needed,  were  due  to  come.  The  royal 
officials,  however,  credited  these  to  the  sheriff  in  terms  of  money, 
the  conversion  being  effected  according  to  a  fixed  modus  for  each 
article ;  as,  for  instance,  for  the  quantity  of  wheat  sufficient  for  the 
bread  of  100  men  one  shilling;  for  the  carcase  of  a  pastured  ox 
one  sliilling ;  for  a  ram  or  a  sheep  4**,  for  the  requirements  of  20 
horses  likewise  4**. 

The  total  amount  in  any  given  instance  of  the  feorm  thus 
reckoned  in  money  constitutes  the  return  from  the  manor,  or 
the  value  of  the  manor,  as  the  case  may  be,  which  is 
registered  in  the  Doviesday  record. 

The  author  of  the  Dialogue  goes  on  to  say  that  at  a 
subsequent  time  the  king  (?  Henry  I.),  moved  by  the 
complaints  of  his  people,  who  suffered  endless  vexation  and 
harassment  by  reason  of  having  to  carry  their  agricultural 
produce  away  from  their  homes  to  very  many  parts  of  the 
kingdom,  as  the  royal  establishment  moved  about,  sent 
certain  prudent  and  discreet  Commissioners  through  the 
kingdom,  who,  visiting  and  inspecting  every  estate,  made  an 
estimate  of  the  provisions  in  kind  which  were  being  yielded 
by  each  respectively,  and  reduced  them  to  a  sum  of  money. 
And  for  the  total  of  the  sums  which  (thus)  arose  from  all  the 
estates  in  one  county  they  ordained  that  the  Sheriff  of  that 
county  should  be  held  (to  account)  at  the  Exchequer,  adding 
that  he  should  pay  according  to  scale  {ad  scalam),  that  is  6d. 
in  respect  of  every  counted  pound — the  simple  method  of 
making  up  for  short  weight  in  the  coins,  which  has  been 
already  spoken  of.  Later  still  it  was  found  necessary,  he 
says,  on  account  of  badness  of  coinage,  to  make  the  Sheriffs 
pay  in  their  collections  by  actual  weight  (instead  of  ad 
8calam)y  and  also  to  subject  the  coin  to  the  test  of  firing. 

Sometimes  the  Sheriff,  instead  of  accounting  to  the  King 
(at  the  Exchequer)  for  the  actual  collections  made  by  him 
from  a  manor  (so  to  speak)  compounded  for  them ;  that  is. 


306  ON  THS  ASSOCUTION'S  ENGLISH  VERSION   OF 

he  paid  an  agreed-upon  ferm  to  the  King,  and  in  considera- 
tion thereof  was  allowed  to  stand  in  the  place  of  the  lord,  and 
to  make  what  he  could  for  himself  of  the  manorial  profits ; 
and  in  such  case  he  held  the  manor  at  the  specified  ferm — a 
practice  illustrated  by  the  instance  mentioned  in  the  text, 
and  expressed  in  the  phrase  "  tenet  mansionem  ad  firmam." 

And  this  practice  was  not  confined  to  the  management  of 
the  royal  manors.  In  the  cases  of  private  manors  the  local 
collection  of  the  lord's  ferm  was  often  entrusted  to  one  who 
might  or  might  not  be  a  manorial  officer,  and  who  became 
answerable  or  compounded  for  it  at  a  fixed  sum.  He  was 
appropriately  designated  •*  firmarius,"  and  so  gave  rise  to  the 
term  by  which  those  are  known  in  our  language  who  hire  a 
usufruct  from  its  owner  at  a  fixed  price,  and  which  also,  in  a 
restricted  sense,  has  come  to  denote  the  occupation  of  those 
who  are  engaged  in  the  agricultural  industry. 

In  another  part  of  the  English  version  of  the  Exeter 
return  for  this  manor  "reddebat  ad  firmam  in  manerio  regis" 
is  translated  "it  rendered  to  the  King's  ferm  in  the  manor"; 
it  should  be,  "it  rendered  towards  the  ferm  in  the  King's 
manor."  And  the  corresponding  passage  in  the  Exchequer 
return,  "reddebat  in  firma  regis,"  which  is  translated 
"  rendered  to  the  King's  ferm,"  should  be  "  rendered  in  the 
King's  ferm."  These  alterations  in  the  wording  may 
perhaps  seem  slight  and  insignificant,  but  they  are  necessary 
to  correct  inaccuracy  of  statement  in  regard  to  particulars 
which  are  important  to  the  right  understanding  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  manorial  system. 

The  next  translation  which  appears  to  me  to  be  seriously 
open  to  dispute,  and  which  shall  end  the  present  paper,  is 
that  of  the  word  "  pariter,"  as  it  occurs  in  the  Exeter  return 
for  the  manor  of  Depeforda;  and  as  this  is  the  first  of 
many  other  instances  of  a  like  kind,  all  of  which  have  to  do 
with  the  nature  of  a  tenure,  the  question  as  to  the  accuracy 
of  the  translation  becomes  of  considerable  importance.  The 
original  paragraph  runs  thus : 

"  Huic  mansioni  fuit  addita  i  mansio,  quae  vocatur  Ferleia  tempore 
Willelmi  de  Walvilla  quam  tenuit  quidam  tegnus  pariter  ea  die  qua 
rex  Edwardus  fuit  vivus  et  mortuus  et  potuit  ire  adquemlibet." 

And  the  English  version,  leaving  "  pariter  "  untranslated,  is: 

"  To  this  manor  was  added  in  the  time  of  William  of  Walville 
a  manor  which  is  called  Ferleia,  and  which  a  certain  thegn  held 
*  pariter '  on  the  day  in  which  King  Edward  was  alive  and  dead ; 
and  he  could  go  to  whom  he  liked." 


THE  DEVONSHIBE  DOMESDAY.  307 

The  question  is,  What  is  the  proper  meaning  of  "pariter" 
in  this  connection  ?  The  Committee  make  it ''  in  partage,"  so 
that  the  passage  as  translated  runs,  ''a  certain  thegn  held 
the  manor  'in  partage/"  But  surely  this  is  not  a  little 
obscure.  What  does  **in  partage"  mean?  I  confess  I  do 
not  feel  certain  that  I  rightly  know.  I  have  not  met  with 
it  as  a  technical  term.  Webster,  as  one  might  have  expected, 
says  that "  partage  "  is  derived  from  the  French  word  partage^ 
latin  partagium,  root  pars,  and  that  it  means  "division," 
"severance,"  the  "act  of  dividing"  or  "sharing,"  and  the 
single  example  given  by  way  of  illustration  is,  "A  bishop 
made  a  partage  of  money  collected  by  a  brief."  According 
to  this,  therefore,  "  holding  the  manor  in  partage  "  is  equiva- 
lent to  "  holding  the  manor  in  the  course  of  being  divided," 
or  "  in  course  of  partition."  And  it  hardly  needs  a  glance  at 
the  corresponding  version  of  the  statement  in  the  Exchequer 
book  to  see  that  nothing  of  this  kind  can  be  the  meaning. 

And  indeed  if  partage  had  been  intended  to  be  expressed 
by  the  word  "pariter,"  one  could  only  wonder  why  "par- 
tagium"  itself  was  not  employed  for  the  purpose.  It  is  a 
good  mediaeval  word,  and  has  a  place  in  Du  Cange. 

It  seems  to  me  plain  that  "  pariter  "  in  this  passage  bears 
its  own  proper  meaning,  the  essence  of  which  is  sameness, 
equality,  likeness.  Of  course  it  may  in  different  cases  be 
variously  converted  into  English,  according  to  the  subject 
and  the  action.     For  instance,  it  may  be  rendered  by — 

equally,  on  equal  terms,  not  dependent^ 

at  the  same  time,  as  an  equal, 

in  like  manner,  as  a  peer, 

on  a  par  with,  as  a  pair, 

in  parity  with,  and  so  on. 

In  the  passage  before  us,  as  I  understand  it,  "pariter" 
seems  to  me  to  bear  the  meaning  "as  an  equal"  or  "as  a 
peer."  The  thegn  held  the  manor  of  Ferleia  as  one  of  the 
class  of  manorial  lords,  as  the  equal  in  regard  to  tenure 
of  the  lord  of  the  principal  manor  mentioned,  and  other 
manorial  lords — he  was  not  subordinate  to  any,  but  their 
peer;  he  could  choose  his  own  chief — "potuit  ire  ad 
quemlibet."  In  the  latinity  of  those  days  all  who  were 
of  the  same  recognized  condition  of  life  or  dignity  were 
"pares"  {Du  Cange,  vol.  vi.,  p.  148),  peers,  equals.  The 
groups  were  not  many,  and  were  sharply  distinguished,  so 
that  the  "judicium  parium  suorum"  of  Magna  Gharta  had  a 
definite  scope  of  operation,  which  it  cannot  now  be  said 


308  THE  DEVONSHIRE' DOMESDAY. 

ibo  possess.  And  perhaps  the  principal  group  of  all  was  the 
group  constituted  of  those  whose  tenures  were  exempt  from 
servile  obligations.  They  seem  to  have  been  termed  generally 
"  pares  "  par  excellence  (Du  Gauge),  and  in  their  higher  ranks 
became  ultimately  peers  of  the  realm. 

I  can  hardly  doubt  that  ''  pariter,"  in  our  passage,  meant 
that  the  thegn  was  the  peer  of,  and  under  no  feudal  obli- 
gation to,  the  person  of  whom  he  held.  Consequently  the 
translation  I  should  suggest  would  be — 

"  To  this  manor  was  added  in  the  time  of  William  of  Walville  a 
manor,  which  is  called  Ferleia,  and  which  a  certain  thegn  held  as 
peer  on  the  day  in  which  King  Edward  was  alive  and  "  dead." 

The  corresponding  passage  in  the  Exchequer  record  seems 
to  support  this  view — 

"Huic  manerio  fuit  addita  Ferleia  tempore  Willelmi  de 
Walvile.     Unus  tainus  tenebat  libere  tempore  regis  Edwardi." 

The  "  tenuit  pariter  "  and  "  potuit  ire  ad  quemlibet "  of  the 
one  version  are  briefly  summed  up  by  "tenebat  libere" 
of  the  other,  and  the  same  thing  occurs  in  the  other  instances 
where  the  Exeter  record  uses  the  phrase  "  tenere  pariter." 
We  here  see  the  beginning  of  the  legal  terra  **  freehold,"  and 
it  is  perhaps  worth  noting  that  the  Norman  Officials 
of  the  Exchequer  record,  while  limiting  themselves  in  the 
text  to  reporting  concisely  that  an  unnamed  Saxon  thegn 
held  the  specified  manor  "freely,"  nevertheless  in  several 
other  instances  of-  the  same  kind  evidently  showed  that 
there  was  something  exceptional  in  the  matter  by  writing 
the  abbreviation  "  par' "  for  "  pariter  "  in  the  margin,  and  so 
indicating  the  quality  or  status  of  the  holder. 

The  whole  paragraph  merely  amounts  to  a  statement  or 
memorandum  that  what  had  been  an  independent  Saxon 
manor,  named  Ferleia,  held  separately  up  to  the  date  of 
King  Edward's  death  was  now  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday 
return  added  to  and  merged  in  the  manor  of  Depeford,  so 
completely,  indeed,  that  its  own  ferm  of  10s.  ad  pensum  was 
in,  not  added  to  (as  the  translation  erroneously  represents) 
the  previously  mentioned  firm — namely  7  pounds  and 
6  shiUings  ad  pensum  of  the  manor  of  Depeford,  with  which 
Ferleia  was  combined. 


THE   IDENTIFICATIONS 
OF    THE    DOMESDAY    MANOES    OF    DEVON. 

BY     R.      N.     WORTH,      F.G.8. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1898.) 


The  following  paper  contains  the  result  of  a  somewhat 
lengthened  attempt  to  identify  the  Domesday  Manors  of 
Devon.  In  most  cases  this  can  be  done  with  absolute 
certainty — certainly  in  three-fourths  of  the  totaL  Quite 
two-thirds  of  the  remainder  can  be  identified  with  reasonable 
probability.  Comparatively  few — under  10  per  cent — pre- 
sent any  substantial  doubt  The  chief  cause  of  uncertainty 
is  the  existence  in  several  cases  of  a  iiumber  of  manors  of 
the  same  name,  especially  in  such  instances  as  those  of  the 
Combes  and  Leighs.  Here  it  is  difficult,  sometimes  quite 
impossible,  to  be  sure  which  modern  estate  may  represent 
a  particular  entry.  Few  of  the  Domesday  names  seem  to 
have  disappeared,  though  some  have  been  greatly  modified, 
and  it  is  clear  that  some  must  have  been  corrupted  from  the 
first  by  the  foreign  scribes  engaged  in  the  compilation. 

In  order  to  enlist  the  sympathies  of  my  fellow-members  of 
the  Association,  and  to  bring  to  my  aid  that  local  knowledge 
which  in  such  an  enquiry  is  all-important,  I  last  year  issued 
a  preliminary  list,  in  the  hope  that  it  might  be  freely  criti- 
cised and  amended.  That  expectation,  however,  has  been 
disappointed.  I  have  not  received  a  dozen  letters.  My 
thanks,  therefore,  are  specially  due  to  those  who  have  shown 
an  interest,  and  particularly  to  Mr.  Mallock,  M.P.,  who, 
happily,  solved  a  knotty  problem ;  to  Mrs.  Hose  Troup ;  to 
the  Eev.  0.  J.  Beichel,  for  various  criticisms  and  suggestions ; 
and  to  Mr.  W.  Buckingham,  who  has  shown  in  a  most 
interesting  manner  that  even  an  unnamed  Domesday  estate 
may  at  times  be  followed  up  with  certainty. 

Where  the  name  of  a  Domesday  manor  is  distinctive  and 
continuous  all  is  of  course  clear ;  and  this  is  the  case,  so  far 


310  THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 

as  Devon  is  concerned,  in  the  majority  of  instances.  Beyond 
this,  identification  is  chiefly  helped  by  the  fact  that  the 
entries  commonly  follow  a  rough-grouped  or  topographical 
order,  based  mainly  upon  the  Hundreds — a  point  which  does 
not  seem  to  have  had  the  attention  its  importance  demands. 
It  is  when  this  fails  that  the  main  difficulties  arise.  Locali- 
ties are,  however,  often  suggested  by  the  occurrence  of 
fisheries  or  saltworks  or  of  other  special  features.  Relative 
areas  are  also  of  importance :  but  the  large  increase  in  the 
number  of  manors  since  Domesday  by  sub-division;  with 
the  non- inclusion  of  waste  in  the  Domesday  assessment; 
the  vagueness  of  the  terms  as  used ;  and  the  not  infrequent 
shifting  of  boundaries,  render  it  needful  that  areal  de- 
ductions should  be  most  cautiously  made.  Some  help  is 
to  be  had  from  the  Hundred  Lists ;  some  from  the  secondary 
names  attached  for  distinction  to  sundry  manors,  indicating 
situation  or  ownership.  At  times  the  name  of  the  Saxon 
holder  has  supplied  a  valuable  clue. 

A  point  to  be  carefully  borne  in  mind,  is  the  fact  that 
names  are  quite  £is  likely  to  change  in  the  direction  of 
modern  forms  as  away  from  the  old  ones,  and  that  a  current 
resemblance  may  after  all  be  wholly  fictitious.  Still  more 
important,  however,  in  this  connection  is  it  to  remember  that 
the  Domesday  scribes  attached  their  own  phonetic  values  to 
the  alphabetical  characters  they  used,  and  that  traces  of  both 
Norman  and  Italian  hands  are  manifest.  The  initial  (7,  for 
example,  is  never,  as  far  as  I  have  noted,  used  in  our  modern 
fashion  as  the  equivalent  of  S,  It  is  always  either  Ch  or  K; 
and,  what  is  somewhat  curious,  the  same  rule  follows  the  use 
of  the  initial  Ch.  Chentone  is  Kenton,  but  Chageford  Chag- 
ford.  Initial  JE  before  s  is  frequently  only  a  merely  helping 
sound  (this  is  particularly  seen  in  the  Exeter  book),  and 
should  be  disregarded.  For  example,  Estrete  is  Strete. 
Initial  G  is  always  hard.  Initial  He  and  Hi  are  occasionally 
represented  by  the  modern  Y,  as  Hierde  =  Yard.  The  liquids 
and  nasals  frequently  interchange,  which  of  course  is  not  at 
all  unusual :  the  most  noteworthy  illustration  is  the  occur- 
rence of  Limet  for  Nymet.  Initial  Orf,  with  possibly  one 
exception,  follows  the  dialect  in  representing  Wood.  Initial 
Sc  represents  Sh,  as  Scage  for  Shaugh  ;  and  S  is  generally  Sh 
before  e  or  i.  Thus  Sepesbere  is  Shebbear,  and  Sireford 
Sherford.  Initial  VI  commonly  stands  for  the  modern  Wool, 
Initial  W  is  used  with  great  exactitude;  no  doubt  it  had 
been  carefully  learnt.  Wit  universally  stands  for  Whit,  with 
the  aspirate.     In  other  respects  the  most  important  point  is 


DOMESDAY  MAM0B8  OF  DEVON.  311 

the  use  of  d,  Saxon  fashion,  for  th  (V),  which  again  betrays 
the  foreign  tongue.  Hence  it  comes  that  one  Blachevrde 
is  Blackworthy,  and  another  Blachevrde  Blachford — the  d 
doing  double  duty,  and  the  ch  in  one  case  sounding  A:,  and 
in  the  other  tch.  So  Corneorde  is  Corn  worthy,  Ferevrde 
Fernworthy,  Hocheorde  Hockworthy,  Ordie  Worthy,  and 
Word  Worth.  The  Devonshire  speech,  struggling  with  foreign 
fashions,  is  plainly  manifest  in  ^e  use  of  the  vowels. 

With  some  half-dozen  exceptions — B^rrynarbor,  Buckerell, 
Eggesford,  Harpford,  Sheepstor,  Templeton — all  the  old  Devon 
parishes  (save  in  Exeter)  trace  their  names  to  Domesday  manors. 
Since,  however,  the  Devon  Domesday  contains  the  names  of 
three  times  as  many  manors  as  there  were  ancient  parishes,  it 
follows  that  the  great  majority  of  our  parishes  are  made  out 
of  bundles  or  aggregates  of  these  original  manors,  sometimes 
bearing  the  same  name,  but  more  commonly  not  Many  of 
the  manors  were  small,  some  very  small,  not  so  big  indeed 
as  a  small  modern  farm ;  and  there  are  instances  in  which 
parishes  include  ten  or  a  dozen,  or  even  more.  On  the  other 
hand,  there  are  cases  in  which  a  manor  extends  into  or 
comprises  more  than  one  parish — as  Umberleigh  passes  over 
into  the  parish  of  Atherington,  Templeton  must  be  sought 
under  Witheridge,  and  as  the  old  manor  of  Werrington 
seems  to  include  not  only  the  parish  of  Werrington,  but  its 
neighbour.  North  Petherwin. 

The  singular  illustration  of  the  identification  of  an  un- 
named Domesday  manor,  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Buckingham, 
is  as  follows :  It  is  the  manor  of  Northcote  in  Bemintone, 
now  Burrington,  held  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday  Survey 
by  the  Abbot  of  Tavistock.  The  portion  of  the  entry  in 
the  Exchequer  volume  referring  to  Northcote  runs :  "  Huic 
manerio  sunt  addit^  ii  terne  quas  teuebant  ii  taigni  tempore 
regis  Edwardi  pro  ii  maneriis."  In  the  Exeter  book  we  read,' 
''  Huic  additae  sunt  ii  mansiones  quae  non  pertinuerunt  huic 
predictse  mansioni  tempore  regis  Edwardi  Has  tenuerunt  ii 
tagni  pariter."  Bernintone  and  these  appendages  were  held 
of  the  Abbot  by  William  Capra  and  Goisfrid,  William's  part 
being  worth  20s.  a  year  and  Goisfrid's  15s.,  which  corresponds 
about  as  nearly  as  we  can  expect  with  the  24  carucates  of 
Bernintone  and  the  11  of  the  thanes'  lands,  especially  as  the 
quantity  in  demesne  was  three  carucates  in  the  first  case  and 
three  and  a  half  in  the  second.  Northcote  is  first  mentioned 
in  the  Testa  de  Nevill — temp,  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I. — 
when  Oalfrid  de  Northcott  is  said  to  hold  in  Northcott  of 
the  Abbot  half  a  knight's  fee.     Mr.  Stuart  A.  Moore,  who 


312  THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 

looked  up  this  matter  for  Mr.  Buckingham,  found  no  further 
trace  of  the  manor  beyond  a  reference  in  the  Lay  Subsidies 
of  Edward  I.  until  11  Henry  VIII.,  when  Patrick  Pollard 
died,  siezed  of  property  in  Northcote,  but  not  of  the  manor. 
His  son  and  heir  was  George  Pollard;  and  in  1564-5  George 
Pollard  was  deforciant  in  a  fine  relating  to  the  manors  of 
Northcote  and  Posbery;  while  in  1626  his  son,  Richard 
Pollard,  held  the  manor  of  Northcote  of  the  lord  of  the 
manor  of  Tavistock,  as  of  his  manor  of  Burrington,  by 
military  service.  From  the  Pollards  the  manor  passed  to 
the  Fords;  and  George  Ford,  in  1711,  granted  the  manor 
and  estates  to  George  Buck,  who  on  the  same  date  re- 
conveyed  the  chief  estate  of  Northcote  to  Ford.  By  will, 
in  1715,  Fotd  gave  this  to  his  sister  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of 
William  Snow.  Their  son  George,  in  1762,  conveyed  it  to 
James  Babbage ;  and  his  grandson  Bichard  sold  it,  in  1833, 
to  the  Rev.  James  Buckingham,  father  of  Mr.  W.  Buckingham, 
who  succeeded  to  it  in  1855.  This  estate  included  the  manor 
house.  The  present  Sir  George  Stucley,  a  descendant  of 
George  Buck,  and  himself  once  bearing  the  name  of  Buck, 
in  1864  sold  the  manor  and  other  estates  to  Mr.  Buckingham, 
who  thus  rejoined  them  with  the  estate  or  manor  farm  of 
Northcote,  as  before  the  Conquest.  This  is  an  excellent 
illustration  of  the  manner  in  which  an  apparently  hopeless 
piece  of  manorial  history  may  be  worked  out,  by  skill  and 
energy. 

The  subjoined  list  of  identifications  cannot,  of  course,  be 
free  from  error;  but  the  chances  of  error  have  been  con- 
siderably reduced  since  the  original  proof  was  sent  out,  and 
while  not  perfect  itself,  it  will  serve  to  prepare  the  way  for 
something  more  nearly  approaching  that  consummation.  It 
will  be  understood  that  it  is  the  result  of  a  complete  survey, 
and  of  a  balancing  of  evidence  and  probabilities.  Many  an 
identification  seems  extremely  probable  until  another  manor 
comes  under  review,  and  scores  of  apparently  excellent  fits 
have  had  remorselessly  to  be  rejected.  There  has  been  no 
attempt  to  discriminate  between  grades  of  likelihood,  but 
the  slighter  shades  of  probability  have  been  relegated 
without  mercy  to  the  category  of  doubtfuls.  The  references 
are  to  the  Exchequer  entries  in  the  work  of  the  Domesday 
Committee.  Names  in  italics  are  those  of  parishes  which 
continue  the  Domesday  form,  and  represent  Domesday 
manors. 


DOMESDAY  MANORS  OF  DEVOK. 


313 


Acba 

PAGE 

.     403 

Achie 

.  1069 

Addebirie    . 

.     945 

Adoneboui  . 

.     131 

Adrelie 

.     235 

Aedelstan     . 

.     707 

Afetone 

.     957 

Ainecbesdone 

.     905 

Ainicbesdone 

.  1089 

Aisbertone  . 

.       95 

Aiserstone    . 

.     255 

Aisse 

.       41 

Aisae 

.       87 

Aisse 

.     125 

Aisse  (2)     . 

251,  255 

Aisse 

.     527 

Aisse 

.     915 

Aissecome    . 

.     919 

Aisseford     . 

.     447 

Aisseford     . 

.     815 

Aisselie 

.     573 

Aisseminstre 

.     767 

Alesland 

.  lli^ 

Alestov 

.  1107 

Alfelmestone 

.     997 

Alferd  intone 

.  1029 

Alfintone     . 

.       61 

Alforde 

.     711 

Alfreincome 

.     467 

Alintone 

.     619 

Alintone 

.     893 

Almerescote 

.  1061 

Aire 

.     183 

Aire 

.     901 

Aire 

.  1069 

Aire 

.  1123 

Alreford 

.     553 

Alseminstre 

.       15 

Alseminstre 

.     721 

Alsemvde     . 

.       21 

Alvintone    . 

.       23 

AlveredescoU 

)       .     331 

VOL.  XXV. 

I 


Hask,  North  Lew. 

Hacche,  South  Molton. 

Prob.  Oldbury,  Morcbard  Bishop. 

Near  Bovey  Tracey — Little  Bovey  or 

South  Bovey,  Hennock. 
Hatherleigh, 
error  for  Eaelstan. 
Prob.  Affeton,  Whimple :  there  is  an 

Afton,  West  Worlington. 

Ingsdon,  Usington. 

Ashprington:  there  is  a  saltwork,  and 

it  was  held  by  Judhel  of  Totnes.  /^  . 

Ashton :  comes  next  to  Trusham.  ffinrtf  dtju  M^ 

Added  to  Tavtone ;  Ash,  S.  Tawton.   '^ 

Prob.  Aahreigny, 

Prob.  Ashwater. 

Great  and  Little  Aish,  South  Brent. 

Roseask. 

Prob.  Ash,  Bradworthy. 

Prob.  Ashcombe. 

Ashford. 

Ashford,  Burlescombe. 

Ashleigh,  Lifton. 

Exminster, 

Awseland,  Buckland  Filleigh. 

Halstow,  Dunsford  :  see  Clifford. 

Prob.  Ayleston,  Bigbury:  has  a  salt- 
work. 

Arlington. 

Alphington, 

Alfordon,  Okehampton. 

Ilfracomhe, 

Alvington,  Chivelstone. 

Prob.  East  AlUngton. 

Prob.  Elmscott,  Hartland. 

Prob.  Aller  Peverell,  Cullompton. 

]Aller,  North  Bovey. 

Prob.  Aller,  South  Molton. 

Aller,  Abbotskerswell :  there  are  other 
Allers,  as  in  Combe  Ralegh,  Awlis- 
combe,  and  Bishopsnympton. 

Allerford,  Marystow. 

Axmiiister, 

Axminster ;  part  of  parish. 

AxTtioiUh. 

Prob.  West  Alvington. 

Alverdiscott. 


314 


Alwineclancavele . 

913 

Alwinestone 

355 

Alwinestone 

607 

Alwinetone . 

295 

Anestige 

187 

Anestige 

287 

Anestige 

459 

Anestinge    . 

287 

Apledore      . 

429 

Aficerewelle 

445 

Aseberge     . 

1011 

Asaecote 

753 

Avetone 

35 

Avetone 

997 

Avlescome  (2) 

701 

Avlescome  , 

849 

Avra  . 

485 

Avse  . 

535 

Axeminstre 

7 

Bachedone  . 

601 

Bacheleford 

1039 

Bachemore  (2) 

657 

Baohestane  . 

887 

Bachetesberie 

1041 

Badestane    , 

371 

Baentone     . 

775 

Bagetore 

1119 

Bald  rin  tone 

143 

Barnestaple , 

565 

Batesilla 

384 

IWerdone   , 

69 

Bechetone    , 

1135 

Bedeford 

81 

Bedendone  . 

185 

Bedricestan . 

115 

Begaiore 

Begevrde 
Beldrendiland 

Belestham    . 
Benedone 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 

PAOK 

..  Allaleigb,  Comworthy. 

..  Added  to  DonicestoDe,  which  see. 

..  Alston,  Malboroagh. 

..  Ahdngton, 

..  Prob.    ilf an^ansleigh ;    or  Anstridgo, 

Berrynarbor:  next  to  Holland. 

. .  Prob.  West  Anstey^  part, 

..  Prob,  East  Anstey, 

. .  Prob.  West  Anstey^  part. 

..  Appledore;  Bow. 

. .  Ash  well,  or  AshiU,  Bishopeteignton. 

.,  Ashburpf  part. 

. .  Joined  to  Blachegrave,  K  Worlington. 

,,  Aveton  Giffard. 

..  Aveton,  Loddiswell;  possibly  Black- 

aw  ton, 

..  Awliscomhe. 

,.  Atpliscombet  part. 

..  Everys,  Kentisbeare, 

. .  Halse,  West  Worlington. 
Exminster. 

..  Blackaton,  Ugborough. 

.,  Battlefordy  Ipplepen. 

..  Baccamoor,  Plympton  St.  Mary. 

..  Batson,  Malborongh. 

..  Battesborough,  Holbeton, 

, ,  Batson,  Malborough  (there  are  two). 

..  Bampton, 

..  Baggator,  Dsington. 

.,  Barlington,  Koborough. 

..  Barnstaple, 

,.  Battishtdl,  Bridestow, 

..  Prob.  Berridon,  Brad  worthy. 

.,  Bidon. 

..  Bide  ford, 

..  Biitadon, 

.,  Prob.  Brixington,Withycombe Ralegh; 
or  Brownstone,   Brixham :  it  pre- 
cedes Paignton,  and  follows  Sal- 
combe, 
441   ...  Prob.  one  of  the  Bagtors,  Ilsington  : 
there  is,  however,  a  Bagtor,  Meeth. 
747  ...  Beaworthy, 
139  ...  Prob.  Berridon,  Brad  worthy :  belonged 

to  same  Saxon  owner. 
393  ...  Belstone. 
541   ...  Beadon,  Hennock. 


DOMESDAY  MANOES  OF  DEVON. 


315 


Bera 

PAOK 

.     157 

Bera 

.     265 

Bera 

.     427 

Bere 

.     727 

Bere 

.     819 

Bene 

.     101 

Berie 

.     957 

Berlescome  . 

.     831 

Benia 

.     576 

Bernaidsmore 

.     487 

Bernintone  . 

.     241 

Betvnie 

.  1189 

Bevleie 

.     879 

Bicheberie   . 

.     339 

Bichecome   . 

.     877 

Bichefor 

.     891 

Bicheford    . 

.  1175 

Bichelie 

.     359 

Bichelie 

.     761 

Bichenelie   . 

.       57 

Bichentone  . 

.       89 

Bicheordin  . 

.     693 

Bichetone    . 

.  1095 

Bihede  (2) 

813,  815 

Birige 

.     285 

Birland 

.     341 

Biude 

.     803 

Biacheberge 

.     929 

Blacheberge 

.  1141 

Blacheberie 

.     483 

Blachegrave 

751,  753 

Blachepol    . 

.       59 

Blacheslach 

.     955 

Blachestane 

.  1045 

Blachevrde  . 

.     631 

Blacheyrde  . 

.     889 

Blacbewello 

.     455 

Bocheland   . 

.     137 

Bocbeland   . 

.     179 

Bocbeland   . 

.     181 

Beer  Charter,  Braunton. 

Beer,  Seaton. 

Prob.  Beer,  North  Tawton. 

Prob.  Beer,  West  Down;   or  Beer, 
Combe  Martin. 

Prob.  Beer,  Ualberton. 

Prob.  Bury,  Lapford. 

Berry  Pomeroy. 

Biirlescombe. 

Burn  Town,  Mary  Tavy. 

Billingsmoor,  Bradninch. 

Burrin^on. 

Prob.  Button,  Buckfastleigh;  or  But- 
ton, Fremington. 

Bodline,  Woodleigh,  which  it  adjoins 
in  list. 

Bighury. 

Bickham,  Buckland  Monachorum. 

Bickford,  Plympton  St  Mary. 

Beckford,  Manaton. 

Biekleighy  Tiverton. 

BicTdeigh^  Boborough. 

Taken   from    Tawstock;    added    to 
High  Bickington. 

High  Bickington. 

Prob.  Bagsworthy,  Brendon. 

Abbots  Bickington, 

North  and  South  Buda,  Langtree. 

Swymbridge. 

Beerferrers, 

Bude,  Monkokehampton. 

Prob.  Blackberry,  Colaton  Ealegh. 

Blackborough  Boty,  Kentisbeare. 

Blackborough. 

Blagrove,  East  Worlington. 

Blackpool,  South   Molton :  unjustly 
annexed  to  Nimet. 

Blackslade,  Widdecombe-in-the-Moor. 

Blaxton,  Tamerton  Foliott. 

Blackworthy,  Stoodleigh. 

Blachford,  Cornwood. 

Blakewell,  Marwood. 

Buckiand  FiUeigh. 

It  seems  impossible  to  identify  some 
of  the  Bucklands  :  these  equally 
suggest  East  and  West  Buckland^ 
though  small,  or  Bucklands  in 
Georgeham. 
X  2 


316 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 


I^Am/v 


wA 


I 


Bocheland    : 

PAOK 

.     189  ... 

Bocheland    . 

.     301  ... 

Bocheland   . 

.         OOL      . . . 

Bocheland   . 

455  ... 

Bocheland    . 

.     635  ... 

Bocheland  (2) 

687  ... 

Bocheland    . 

.     717  ... 

Bocheland   . 

763  ... 

Bocheland   . 

861  ... 

Bocheland   . 

.  1065  ... 

Bochelande . 

.     819  ... 

Bochelande . 

.  1121   ... 

Bochewis 

.  1001   ... 

Bodelie 

.        lo  . . . 

Boeurda 

156  ... 

Boleborde    . 

.   1165  ... 

Boleham 

.     505  ... 

Boleham 

.  1141   ... 

Bolenei 

.     143  ... 

Boltesberie  . 

.         OOx      ... 

Bolewis 

.     921   ... 

Boslie 

ooo    ... 

Boteberie 

.     371  ... 

Botesforde  . 

.      f  01/    ... 

Botintone    . 

.     107  ... 

Botreforde  . 

.     629  ... 

Bovelie 

.     751   ... 

Bovi  . 

.     129  ... 

Bovi   . 

.     589  ... 

Bradeford    . 

31,367  ... 

Bradeford    . 

.         Otfu      ... 

Bradefoid    . 

.       0  f  0    ... 

Bradeford    . 

585  ... 

Bradeford    . 

.     715  ... 

Bradeford    . 

.     731  .. 

Bradehode  . 

.     405  ... 

Bradelie 

.     203  ... 

Bradelie 

.     207  ... 

Bradelie 

.     611   ... 

Bradelie 

.  1132  ... 

Bradenese    . 

.     707  ... 

Bradestone  . 

.       01   . .. 

Bradewelle  . 

.     895  ... 

Bradewode  . 

.     569  ... 

IBuckland,  Braunton. 

Buckland  Brewei\ 

Prob.  Buckland,  Thurlestone. 

Prob.  East  Bttckland. 

Egg  Btickland:  from  Saxon  owner, 
Heche. 

Prob.  West  Buchland. 

Prob.  Buckland  Trill,  Axmouth. 

Buckland  Monackorum, 

Buckland'tout'Saints, 

?  Buckland,  Pancrasweek;  or  Beaford. 

?  Buckland  Baron,  Combeinteignhead. 

BucJdand-in-the-Moor, 

Bokish,  Woolfardisworthy. 

East  Bitdleigh, 

Boode,  Braunton. 

Bull  worthy,  Alverdiscott 

Bolham,  Clayhidon :  same  owner  and 
tenant  as  Clayhidon. 

Bolham,  Tiverton. 

Prob.  Bundleigh, 

Bolbury,  Malborough. 

Bowlish,  Whitstone. 

Boaseley,  Bratton  Clovelly. 

Bolbury,  Malborough  :  there  are  Bol- 
bury Aller  and  Bolbury  Beauchain p. 

?Buddaford,  Buckfastleigh,  or  Bugford, 
Stoke  Fleming. 

Benton,  Bratton  Fleming. 

Butteribrd,  N.  Huish  ;  see  Bvtreforde. 

Bowley,  Cadbury. 

Bovey  Tracey. 

North  Bovey. 

Broadaford,  Ugborough. 

Bradford, 

Brady  ford,  Virginstow. 

]  Bradford,  Witheridge. 

]  Bradford,  Pilton. 

•?  Bradford,  Down  St.  Mary. 

Broadwoodkelly. 

1  Brightley,  Chittlehampton. 

]  Briddle  Burrow,  East  Worlington. 

Bradley,  Diptford. 

Bradley,  Newton  Abbot. 

Bradninch, 

Bradstone, 

Bradwell,  West  Downe. 

Broadwoodwidger, 


DOMESDAT  MANORS  OF  DKVON. 


317 


Brai 

PAOK 

.  1181 

Braia 

.     155 

Braia 

.     171 

Branchescome 

.     121 

Brandone     . 

.     923 

Branford 

.     803 

Branfortvne 

.     193 

Brantone 

7 

Bratone 

.     381 

Brawordine . 

.     915 

Bredeford    . 

.     513 

Bredelie 

.  1071 

Bredviche    . 

.     173 

Bremelcome 

.  1051 

Bremerige    . 
Brenford 

.     181 
.     507 

Brenford 

.     513 

Brenta 

.     259 

Brente 

.     261 

Brictricestone 

.     655 

Brideford     . 

.     587 

Brideatov     . 

.     385 

Brige  . 
Brigeford  (2) 
Brigeford     . 
Briseham     . 

.     969 

433,  435 

.     843 

.     595 

Brisestone  (2) 

.     651 

Brisforde 

.  1099 

Bristanestone 

.     407 

Bridtelesworde 

.  1157 

Brochelande 

.     963 

Brotone 

.     333 

Brungarstone 
Bvchesworde 

.     131 
.     303 

Buretone 

.     639 

Bvme 

.  1105 

Bvcheeide    . 

.  1045 

Bvcfestre     . 

.     261 

Bvrietescome 

.     161 

Bvterlei 

.  1183 

Bvtreforde  . 

.     627 

Cacheberge  . 
Cadebirie     . 

.     401 
.     749 

Cadeledone  . 

.  1051 

} 
} 


) 


?  Little  Bray,  Charles. 
High  Bray. 

part  of  High  Bray — 1  Bray  Town. 
Branscombe. 
Prob.  Brendon, 
Prob.  Broomford,  Jacobstow. 
Prob.  Breynton,  Exminster. 
Brauntan, 
Bratton  Clovdly. 
Bradworthy,  ^ 
Bridford,    ^i^^^4n4 
Prob.  Bradley,  Tiverton. 
Bridweek,  Kinterbury. 
Bramblecombe,  Iddesleigh. 
Bremeridge,  Sandford. 
Brampford  (^Upton)  Pyne  and  Bramp- 
ford  Speke. 

Both  in  South  Brent. 

Brixton,  Shaugh.  , 

Beaford.  /^tUar<    ^rn.  ^i^tnTTiditUTo 

Brideatow.       I  J 

BridgervJIe. 

Brmhford  and  West  Brushford :  the 

last  may  be  Brushford,  Westleigh. 
Brixham. 
Brixton. 
Butsford,  Colebrooke :  stands  next  to 

Hooke. 
Prob.      Brictrichestone^     JBroadclist 

( Pole).  ^*^  ^^^^^  w 

Brite worthy,  Whitchurch. 
Brookland,  Membury. 
Bratton  Fleming. 
Brownstone,  Morchard  Bishop. 
Bulkworthy. 

Burrington,  Weston  Peverel. 
Prob.  Burne,  Bickleigh,  Tiverton. 
St.  Budeaux. 
Buck/agtleigh. 
Prob.  Buriet,  Atherington. 
Butterleigh. 
Butterford,  North  Huish. 

Cookbury. 
Cadbury. 

Prob.  Chaldon,  Martinhoe :    may  be 
Shaldon,  Teignmouth. 


318 

Caddie 
Caddie 
Cadewile 

Cagefoid 

Calmonlevgo 

Caloddie 

CalveHe 

Cannes 

Carsewelle  . 

Carsewelle  . 


Canforda 
Canvelle 
Ceddintone 
Cddeoome  . 

Celvertesberie 
Cercelle 
Corootone    . 
Ceriiitone    . 
Ceritono 
Chagoford   . 
Chfllcdone   . 
ChduMWorde 
Chdotune    . 


('hdoiono    . 
(yhoniQwordo 

Chonipebero 
Chuuooltone 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 


PAOK 

699 

1139 

811 

903 
525 
1167 
423 
453 
19 
899 


384 

263 

47 

159 

201 

727 

695 

1017 

1159 

191 

533 

1151 

221 


615 
215 

975 
161 


71 
965 
119 
389 
439 

37 


('houometono 

Choiiighedone 

('honi8t<jtone 

Chonloio 

C^hont 

Ohontone     . 

Chontesbere  (2)  483, 485 

Chontesberie         .     ^^* 

Chenvdestane       .  H^^ 

Chonvdestane       .  11^3 

Chenvestan  (2)  781,  783 
Chereford    .         •     269 


••  • 


.  Catlake,  Caddeigh. 

.   Cadeleigh. 

.  Added    to    Loman    Clavill  ;     piob 

Cogwell. 
.   Chagford, 
.   Chulmleigh, 
.   CaloerJeigh, 
.   Chawleigh, 
.   Cltarlea, 
.  KingskerstoelL 

.  Prob.  Carswell,  Kenn :  there  are  Ken- 
wills  in  Holbeton,  Park  ham,  and 
Uplyma 
.  Kersford,  Eridestow. 
.  Ahhotsker swell . 
,   Chittlehampton, 

Ckallacombe :  there  is  a  Challacombe 
in  Combe  Martin. 

Cuttisbeer,  Butterleigh. 
.  Prob.  Churchill,  East  Downe. 

Churston  Ferrers, 

Cheriton  Fitzpaine, 

Cheriton  Bishop. 

Chagford. 
'  Cheldon, 

Chilsworthy,  Holsworthy. 

Ilenders  to  Axminster :  Pole  gives  a 
Charlton  in  this  Jocality;  prob. 
Charlton,  Combe  Pju©- 

ChiUington,  Stokenham.  i^«.i^^  J 
Kimsworthy,  Brad  worthy;  or  Chymh^ ' 

worthy,  Bratton  Clovelly. 
Kimber,  Korth  Lew. 
Prob.  Chilton,  Thorverton :  there  is 

Kitton,  Holcombe  Eogus. 
Prob.  Eilmington. 
Kennedon,  Sherford. 
Prob.  Chenstone,  Chawleigh. 
Kelly, 
Kenn, 
Kenton. 
Kentisbeare. 
Kentishury. 
Prob.  Kingston, 

1  Chevenstone,  Kenton;    or   Knight- 
stone, 'Morchard  Bishop. 
Knowstone. 
Charford,  South  Brent. 


DOMESDAY 

PAOB 

Cherletone  . 

.     361 

•  •  • 

Chetelescote 

.     829 

■  •  • 

• 

Chetelescome       .     545 

•  •  • 

Chenetome  , 

.     951 

•  •  • 

Cheveletone 

.     623 

•  •  • 

Chichelesberie      .     649 

•  •  • 

Chiderleia    . 

.     295 

•  •  • 

Chiderlie 

.     357 

•  •  • 

Chinnesford 

.     483 

•  •  • 

Chisewic 

.     939 

•  •  • 

Chiveorne    < 

.     543 

•  •  • 

Chiwarthiwis       .1129 

•  •  • 

Cicecote 

.     381 

•  •  • 

Cicfet . 

.     833 

•  •  • 

Cilletone 

.   1081 

•  •  • 

Ciretone 

.     925 

•  •  • 

Clavetx)ne 

.     581 

«  •  • 

Clehangre    . 

.     675 

•  •  • 

Cliford 

.     493 

•  •  • 

Clifoide 

.  1107 

•  •  • 

Clis 

.     219 

•  •  • 

Cli8t 

.     355 

•  •  « 

Clist 

.     471 

» 

Cliat 

.     473 

Clist 

.  1087 

Clist 

.  1183 

Cliate 

.     129 

Cliste 

.     469 

Clistone 

.       77 

MANORS  OF  DEVON. 


319 


Gharleton. 

1  part  of  Chittlehampton — Chittleham- 

holt. 
Cbettelscombe,   Tiverton;   or  Down 

St.  Mary. 
Chevithorne,  Tiverton. 
GhivelMone, 

Chittleburn,  Brixton.  ^  >*       • 

]  Chilla,  Black  Torrington.  \fi^^jh^i»uA^>9u 
Chitterleigh,  Biokleigh,  Tiverton. ' 
Kingsford,  Kentisbeare. 
Clistwic,  near  Exeter :  clearly  one  of 

the  Clist  family — Glyst  St,  Oeorge, 

according    to     Preb.     Hingeston- 

EandolpL 
Chivenor,     Tiverton;     or     Heanton 

Punchardon. 
IClyst  Hayes,  Silverton,  or  Chappie 

Hayes,  Bradninch. 
Cheesacot,  Okehampton. 
Prob.  Kitlake,  Thorverton. 
Prob.  Killerton,  Broadclist. 
Cheriton,  Brendon. 
Glawton. 
Glayhanger, 

Clifford,  Drewsteignton. 
Clifford,  Dunsford. 
]  Glist  St  Lawrence, 
IHonitan  Glist, 
Prob.  St.  Mary  Glist  (held  by  canons 

of  St  Mary),  and  Clist  Satchffeld. 
1  Glist  Hydon, 
Prob.  Clist,  Silverton. 
fin  Broadclist. 

Prob.  Clyst  William,  Plymtree. 
Droaddist. 

The  Clists  are  a  very  difficult 
series,  and  have  evidently  under- 
gone several  changes,  but  they  are 
all  in  the  Clist  Valley.  In  ad- 
dition to  those  given  there  are 
Clist  Fomison,  Sowton ;  Ash  Clist, 
West  Clist,  and  Clist  Gerald, 
Broadclist. 


Cloenesberg . 

.     431 

. . .   Clannaborough, 

Clovelie 

.       79 

...   Glovelly. 

Cobecume    . 

.  1073 

...  Collaton,  Broadhembury. 

320 


THE  IDKMTinCATIONS  OF  THE 


Cochalesoome 

PAOK 

.     359 

Cochintone  . 

.     731 

Godeford 

.  1169 

Coic 

.     489 

Colebroch    . 

.     309 

Colebroche  . 

.     699 

Colecome     . 

.     869 

Colelie 

.     299 

Coletone 

.       65 

Coletone 

.     593 

Coletone 
Coletone 


.     597 


601 


Colewille 

.     555 

Colitone 

.     271 

CoUebere     . 

.     559 

Colrige 

.     147 

Colrige 

.     643 

Colrige  (2)  . 

797,  799 

Colsovenescote 

.  1175 

Colteswoide 

.  1151 

Coltreatan    . 

.     661 

Colvn 

.     487 

Colvm 

.   1125 

Colvn 

.     507 

Colvn 

.  1163 

Comba 

.     384 

Combe 

.     375 

Come 

.     199 

Come 

.     201 

Come 

.     203 

Come 

.     557 

Come 

.     813 

Come 

.     853 

Contesberie . 

.     689 

Contone 

.     643 

Coriton 

.     133 

Cornehode.  . 

.     327 

Corneorde    . 

.     615 

Comevrde   . 

.   1035 

Corte8canole 

.     611 

Croppings  Combe,  Modbury. 
Cocktngton, 

Coddeford,  Cheriton  Fitzpaine. 
Cowick. 
Colebrook. 

Colebrook,  Bradninch. 
Collacombe,  Lamerton. 
Cowley,  Brampford  Speke.    ^  >yr 
IColyton  Baleghj  Svi^mtv^fvati^ 
Sbiphay  CoUaton,  Sif.  Marycburch. 
Collaton    Kirkham,    Paignton    (Mr. 

Davidson  suggested  Colyton  Kaiegh 

for  the  first)  ;  and  Collaton,  Hal  well 

or  Malborough. 
Colwell,  Offwell. 
Church  of  Colyton :  with  land,  prob. 

Mohkton,    as    this   parish   was   a 

member   of   ColytoD,   and  is   not 

otherwise  represented. 
Prob.  Colybeare,  Fremington. 
Coleridge, 

Coleridge,  Egg  Buckland. 
Coleridge,  Stokenham. 
Prob.  Colscot,  West  Putford. 
Clotworthy,  South  Milton. 
Coldstone,  Shaugh. 
Prob.  Culm  Keigny,  Silverton. 
Prob.  Culm  John,  Broadclist. 
Culm  Pyne,  Clayhidon :  same  owner 

and  tenant  as  Clayhidon. 
?  Culm  David,  Hemyock. 
Combe  Ball,  Bridestow. 
Prob.  Coombe,  Modbury, 
^Coombe,  SpreytoD. 
Combe,  Butterleigh. 
*?  Combe,  Roborough. 
Prob.  Combe  Pyne. 
Combe,  Tiverton. 
Prob.    in    Halberton,    but    may   be 

Uplowman. 
Countishury, 
Compton  Gifford, 
Coryton, 
Comwood. 
Comworthy :    there    are    two    Com- 

worthys. 
Prob,  East  Cornworthy. 
Curtisknowle,  Diptford. 


DOMESDAY 

MANORS  OF  DEVON.                          621 

Cotelie 

PAGE 

.     327  ... 

Cotletgh, 

Cravelech     . 

.     219  ... 

Creely,  Farringdon. 

Crawecome  . 

.     529  ... 

Crectcombe, 

Crawecome  . 

.  1041   ... 

Creacombe,  Holbeton. 

Cressewalde 

.     779  ... 

Kerswell,  Hockworthy. 

Crideholde  . 

.       ooO    . . . 

Croyde,  Georgeham. 

Cridie 

.     197  ... 

Creedy,  KeDnerleigh. 

Cridie 

943,  945  ... 

Lower  Creedy,  Upton  Helion. 

Crintone 

.     691   ... 

With  Lynton. 

Critetone 

.       «/«/  .  •  • 

Crediton, 

Crochewelle 

.     991  ... 

Crockernwell. 

Crvc 

.  1137  ... 

Crook  Burnell,  North  Tawton. 

Ciimbe 

oo7  ... 

1  Combe  Royal,  West  Allington. 

Cvlitone 

19  ... 

Golyton, 

Cvmbe 

.     619  ... 

Coombe,  South  PooL 

Cvmbe 

.     725  ... 

Prob.  Combe  Martin, 

Cvmbe 

.  1015  ... 

Combe,  Chittlehampton ;  added  to 
Gerwill. 

Cumbe 

.  1019  ... 

Prob.  Combe,  Cheriton  Fitzpaine. 

Cume 

.     373  ... 

Prob.  Combe,  Mai  borough. 

Cvmbe  (2)  . 

589,  591   ... 

Prob.  Ipplepen  and  Bishopeteignton. 

Cvmbe 

.     703  ... 

Prob.  Combe,  Ottery  St.  Mary,  or 
Combe  Ralegh^ 

Cvmbe 

.  1133  ... 

Prob.  Combe,  Christow. 

Cvme 

.  1161  ... 

1  Combeinteignhead, 

The  Combes  are,  next  to  the 
Leghs,  the  most  difficult  manors  to 
deed  with;  and  with  regard  to 
several  there  can  be  no  certainty, 
or  even  substantial  approximation. 

Cvlmestoche 

.     Ill  ... 

Culmstock. 

Cvremtone  . 

.  1157  ... 

CuUompton. 

Dalilei 

Danescome  . 

Dene  . 
Denesberge  . 
Deneord 
Depeforde    . 
Depeforde    . 
Deptone 


1059  ...  Prob.  Ley,  South  Molton,  called  by 
Pole  de  la  ley. 
941  ...  Prob.  Dunscombe,  Crediton  )Chud- 

leigh. 
735  ...  Dean  Prior, 
1153  ...  Prob.  Dunsbeer,  Merton. 

15  ...  Connected  with  Axminster  1  Dalwood. 
23  ...  Diptford, 
111  ...  Dipford,  Bampton. 
733  ...  Included   with   Cockington :   this   is 
Deandon,       Widdecombe-in-the- 
Moor,  as  shown  by  Court  Rolls  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Mallock,  M.P., 
to  whom  I  am  much  indebted  for 
the  information. 


322 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 


PAOK 


Dorte  (2)     .  749,  755 

Dorte.        .  .  1077 

Dertre  .  1023 

Dertrintone  .  739 

Deveneberie  .  245 

Didasliam    .  .  121 

Dimewoldesham  .  731 


Disa   . 


Donitone 


855 


Docheoide  . 

.     995 

Dodebroch  . 

.  1193 

Dodecote 

.     839 

Dodvcheswelle 

.     933 

Dondritone . 

.     391 

Done 

.     253 

Done 

.     653 

Done 

.  1171 

Dvnesford  . 

.     783 

Donesland 

.     395 

Donestanesione 

.  1185 

Donevoldehame 

.     323 

Donicestone 

.     353 

277   \ 


Dovles 

103 

Draheford    . 

807 

Dvnestantone 

889 

Dvnewinesdone 

911 

Dunitone     . 

► 

367 

Dunintone  . 

Dvnsedoc    . 

899 

Dunestal 

799 

Dvne 

151 

Dvne 

895 

Dvne 

1165 

Dvnesford   . 

1189 

Dvnestanetvne 

955 

Dvvelande  (2)  825 

,827 

Dvveltone   . 

• 

1055 

On    the    Little    Dart :    Higher   and 

Lower  Queen  Dart,  Witheridge. 
Dart,    Silverton;    or    Lower    Dart, 

Cadleigh. 
Ditto  ditto. 

Dartington, 
Denbury, 
Dittisham, 
Prob.  Densham :  there  are  Denshams 

in    Ashreigney     and    Woolfardis- 

worthy. 
1  Ditchetts,   Tiverton :    it  is   in  that 

locality  apparently ;  bat  there  is  a 

Deason,  Winkleigh. 
Prob.  Dagworthy,  Belstohe. 
Dodbrooke. 

Prob.  Doddescot,  St  Giles-in-Wood. 
Dunkestoell. 
DurUerton, 
Down  8t  Mary, 
Down  Thomas,  Wembury. 
Prob.  Down  Ealph  (Roosdown),   or 

IDown  UmfraviUe,  Axmouth, 
Dunsford, 

Dunsland,  Bradford. 
?Dunstone,  Stokenham. 
Prob.  Densham  :  see  Dimewoldesham. 
1 1f  not  Datton  :  it  is  associated  with 

Alwinestone ;  and  in  the  adjoining 

parish  of  Otterton  is  Austins. 
This  has  been  identified  with  Datton ; 

but  prob.  Dennington,  Yarcombe, 

according  to  Mr.  Davidson. 
Datclufh» 

Drayford,  Witheridge. 
Dunstone,  YealmptoD. 
Pxob.  Dinnicombe,  Ashprington. 
Benders  to  Ermington :  Dunaton  in 

Corn  wood. 
DufKhideock, 
TownatalL 
Prob.  East  Dowie» 
Prob.  West  Daione, 
?  Down  Umf raville,  or  Down  Ealph. 
Dunsford  1  part  of  parish. 
Prob.  Dunston,  Widdecombe-in-Moor. 
Dofcland, 
Dolton. 


DOMESDAY  MANORS  OF  DEVON. 


323 


Echeburne  . 

PAOK 

.     397 

Eddetone 

.     605 

Edeslege 

.       85 

Kigebere 

.     515 

Eilauesford  . 

.     131 

Eilesberge 

.     521 

Eilevescote 

.     165 

Elforde 

.     889 

Eli  n  tone 

.       27 

Eltemstone  . 

.     535 

Engestecote . 

.     135 

Engiebome  . 

.     599 

Engleborne  . 

.     741 

Erbemeforde 

.     741 

Ermentone  . 

31 

Eryescome  . 

.       89 

EiSforde 

.     467 

Esprewei 

.     785 

Ei»a 

.     689 

Essaple 


Essastaple    . 

Esseberie 
Essebretone . 
Esselingeforde 
Esseminstre. 
Essemvndehord 

Essestone     . 
Essoic 
Estrete 

Etboldus  Wrda 
Exonia 


1187 


677 

1037 
117 

1125 
653 
411 

1091 

493 

945 

384 

3 


[ 


Exboume, 

Prob.  Ilton,  Malborough. 

Iddedeigh, 

Eggbeare,  Cheriton  Bishop. 

Elsford,  Bovey  Tracey. 

Aylesbeare, 

Aylscott,  West  Down. 

Eiford,  Egg  Buckland. 

Prob.  Yealmpton :  the  entry  is  next  to 
Plintona,  but  it  has  been  suggested 
tlmt  one  is  Plympton  Erie  and  the 
other  Plympton  St.  .Mary.  Yealmp- 
ton is  Ealmintone  in  Bp.  Brones- 
combe's  Register,  13th  century. 

Prob.  Eliitone,  Chulmleigh. 

Prob.  Hengestcot,  Bradford. 

Little  and  Great  Engleboume,  Har- 
berton. 

Harbournford,  Harberton. 

Ermington, 

Irisbcombe,  Lapford. 

Prob.  Ayshford,  Burlescombe;  or  Ash- 
ford,  Wear  Giffard. 

Spurway;  prob.  Tiverton. 

1  Heasley,  North  Molton :  there  is 
East  Wilson  in  Eackenford,  which 
precedes,  Ashay  in  Templeton. 

^East  Chapely  Winkleigh;  or  Easwell, 
Morthoe :  there  are  Ashills  in 
Highweek.  and  Uifculme;  East 
Hills  in  Chulmleighy  Knowstone, 
and  Hockworthy. 

Prob.  Easton,  Chagford ;  or  Chappie, 
Gidleigh. 

Ashbury, 

Ashburton, 

Shillingford ;  prob.  Bampton. 

Exnilnster, 

Ashmansworthy,  Woolfardisworthy ; 
or  Exmans worths,  Hartland. 

^I^febr  Ashton,  ^  ^9nmXfJf* 

ExwicL 

Strete  Halegh. 

Ebbsworthy,  Bridestow. 

Exeter, 


FaUei  .         .183 

Farewei  (2)       250,  859 


Filleigh,  Lapford. 
Farway, 


324 


Fedaven 

.     837 

Fen 

.     365 

Ferdendelle 

.365 

Ferding 

.  1033 

Fetentone    . 

.     311 

Ferhendone. 

.  1127 

Fereordin    . 

.  ,  833 

Ferevide 

.     677 

FerUe 

.  1177 

Ferlie 

.       23 

Femehelle 

.     663 

Femeurda   , 

.     384 

Ferae 

.     725 

Fieraeham   . 

.     475 

FUelei 

.     461 

Finetone 

.     325 

Flates 

.     877 

Flveta 

.     265 

Foleford 

.     517 

Foletone 

.     625 

Furde 

.     551 

Forde 

.     623 

Forhode 

.     757 

Framintone 

.     127 

Fredelestoch 

.     297 

Friseham 

.     323 

Galeshore 

.     301 

Galmentone 

.     909 

Gatecvmbe  . 

.  1147 

Gatepade 

.     953 

Genelie 

.  1035 

Gerwill 

.  1017 

Gherneslete 

.     437 

Gidesham 

.     851 

Gildescote   . 

.     871 

Godelege 

.     873 

Godescote    . 

.     391 

Godevecote , 

.     847 

Godrintone 

.     787 

Gohewis 

.     403 

Gosewelle    . 

.     761 

Grennelize  . 

.  1113 

Grenowei 

.     791 

\ 


} 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS   OF  THE 

PAOX 

?Vellaviii,  Roborough. 

Feuton  or  Venton,  Corawood. 

Fardel,  Comwood. 

Ffiurthing,  Broadclist 

Farringdon:  there  were  two  manors 

in  parish. 
1  Paradon,  Clisthydon;  prob.  Farward, 

Tedbum  St  Mary. 
Fern  worthy,  near  Chagford. 
Farleigh,   Diptford:    there  are  two, 

Higher  and  Lower. 
Femhill,  Shaugh. 
Fernworthy,  Bridestow. 
Prob.  Furze,  Chittlehampton. 
Prob.  Fursham,  Drewsteignton. 
Filleigh, 
Feniton, 

Fleet,  Holbeton. 
SecUon,  part  of. 
Fulford,  Dunsford. 
FoUaton,  Totnes. 
Ford  (Abbey). 
Ford,  Chivelstone. 
Farwood,  Colyton. 
Fremington, 
Frithdstock, 
Furseham,  Drewsteignton :  see  Fierse- 

ham ;  there  are  two. 

Galsworthy. 

Galmpton. 

Gatcombe,  Colyton. 

Prob.  Gappah,  Kingsteignton. 

Prob.  Kelly,  Hennock :   see  Heches- 

bume. 
Lerwill,  Chittlehampton. 
Greenslade,  North  Tawton. 
Oittisham, 

Gildscott,  Alwington. 
Ooodleigh. 
Prob,  Giddicott,  Milton  Damerel;  or 

Gidcot,  Bradford. 
Prob.  Goodcott,  Ashreigny. 
Goodrington,  Paignton. 
Gorhuish,  North  Lew. 
Gooswell,  Plymstock. 
Prob.  Greensliuch,  Silverton. 
Green  way,  Luppitt. 


Gretedone    . 

.     167 

Grismetone  . 

.  1039 

Hachevrde  . 

.  1091 

Hacome 

.     537 

Hacome 

.     685 

Hagetone     . 
Hagewile 
Hagintone    . 
Hainemaroun 

.  773 
.  673 
.     153 

.     997 

Haintone     . 

.     451 

Haldeword  . 

.       55 

Haletrev 

.     881 

Halgewelle  . 
Halsbretone 

.  79 
.       93 

Hame 

.     239 

Hame 

.  1011 

Hame 

.  1155 

Hamestone  . 

.     591 

Hamiboch    . 

11 

Hamistone  . 

.       67 

Hamistone  . 

.     337 

Hanberie     . 

.  1073 

Hanc 

.     927 

Hancheford . 

.     989 

Hanechelole 

.     376 

Hanitone 

.     397 

Hanoch 

.     541 

Hantone 

.     415 

Hantone 

.     449 

Hantone 

.     925 

Hantone 

.  1155 

Harestane  (2) 

321,  347 

Harlei 

.     131 

Haroldesoie 

.     887 

Hauocmore  . 

.     131 

Havstone     . 

.     107 

Hax 

.     431 

Hechesbyme 

.  1035 

Heierde 

.  1107 

Hela 

.     169 

Hela 

.  1099 

Hele 

.     341 

DOMFSDAY   MANORS  OF  DEVON.  325 

PAOB 

167  ...  ?Greendown,  Warkleigh;  Gratton  or 
Grindon,  Koseash. 
.  1039  ...  Prob.    Grilleston,    Bisbopenympton ; 

or  Grimstone,  Morley  or  HalwelL 


Hackworthy,  Tedburn  St  Mary. 

Haccomb, 

Hacomb,  Buckerell. 

Frob.  Hagginton,  Ilfracombe. 

Holwell,  Brixton. 

Prob.  Hagginton,  Berrynarbor. 

Hannamoor,  Diptford. 

Prob.  Kings  Heanton,  Marwood. 

Hohworthy, 

IHaytree,  Manaton. 

HcUtcdlf  Black  Torrington. 

HcUberton, 

Abbotsham, 

Oeorgeham, 

Prob.  Ham,  Ashreigney^or  Alverdiscott. 

In  Broad  hempston — a  virgate. 

Hemyock, 

Broadhempston, 

Littlehempston, 

Broadhembury. 

Anke,  Clistbydon. 

Hankford,  Bnlkworthy. 

Honicknowle,  St.  Budeaux. 

Prob.  Highhampton. 

Hennock, 

Prob.  Heanton  Satchville. 

Heanton  Punchardon. 

Prob.   Heanton,  Buckland  Filleigh : 

there  are  two  Heantons  in  parish. 
Heanton,  Buckland  Filleigh. 
Hearston,  Brixton. 

Annexed  to  Bovey  Tracey :  Hatherley. 
Hazard,  Staverton. 
Hawkmoor,  Bovey  Tracey. 
Haxton;  Bratton  Fleming. 
)  Hach  Arundell,  Loddiswell. 
Prob.  Huxbear,  Hennock. 
Prob.  Yard,  Clisthydon. 
1  Hele,  High  Bickington;  or  Buckland 

Brewer. 
Hele,  Bradninch. 
Hele,  Comwood. 


326 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OV  THE 


Helescane    . 

PAOX 

.     421 

Henberie 

.  1167 

Henlei 

.     949 

Heppastebe . 

.     943 

Hereford 

.     339 

Herlege 

.     137 

Herlescome . 

.  1001 

Hermodesword 

• 

.     133 

Hemesoome 

.     411 

Herstanhaia 

.     863 

Herticome   . 

.     279 

Hertitone 

.       43 

Hetfold 

.     257 

Hetfelle 

.     789 

.^               Hevetrove    . 

.     965 

^U*jM/     Hewis 

.     319 

Ittg^j/-      "Hewis 

.     603 

tf            Hewis 

.     613 

^■&>M*         Hewise 

.     697 

Hidone 

.     495 

Hiele 

.  1037 

Hierde 

.     527 

HiUe 

.  1133 

Hilesdone    . 

.  1075 

Hinberie 

.     497 

Hindeford    . 

.     587 

Hiteneslei    . 

.     497 

''.'.  *     .■  .     Hiwis 

.     837 

Ho 

.     671 

Heche 

.  1099 

Hocheorde  . 

.     779 

Hochesham  . 

.     939 

Hochesile 

.     983 

Hocoorde 

.     459 

Hola 

.  1003 

Hole 

.  1009 

Holbeme 

.  1117 

Holebroch   . 

.  1165 

Holecome     . 

.     457 

Holecome    . 

.     771 

Holecome    . 

.     921 

Holecome 

.  1007 

IHellicombe,  Down  St  Mary. 

Prob.  Payhemhury, 

Prob.  Hensley,  West  Worlington. 

Prob.  Henstell,  Sandford. 

Prob.  Harford. 

Hartleigb,  Buckland  Filleigb. 

Prob.  Holcomhe  Bumell, 

Hermansworthy  (or  HardsWorthy), 
Bradworthy. 

Tamescombe. 

Prob.  Easter  Hay,  Lustleigb. 

Tarcomhe, 

Hartland  (anciently  Harton). 

Heathfield,  Aveton  Gifford. 

Prob.  Heatbfield,  Bovey  Tracey. 

Heavitree, 

North  Huish, 

Prob.  North  Huish  in  part. 

Prob.  Souih  Huish, 

Huish ;  prob.  Tedburn  St.  Mary. 

Clayhydim, 

IHele,  Meeth. 

Yard,  Roseash. 

Prob.  Hill,  Christow. 

Hillersdou,  CuUompton. 

Prob.  Broadhembury. 

Handsford,  Beaford :  there  is  a  Hen- 
ford,  Ashwater. 

Hittisleigh, 

Prob.  Great  Huish,  St.  Giles-in-the- 
Wood. 

Hooe,  Plymstock. 

Hooke,  Colebrooke. 

HockiDorthy, 

HiLxham, 

Prob.  Oxhays,  Honiton  Clyst. 

Hockford,  Hockworthy. 

Prob.  Hole,  High  Bray. 

Prob.  Hall,  Georgeham. 

Holbeame,  East  Ogwell. 

Holbrook,  Honiton  Clist. 

Holcomhe  Itotjus. 

HoUacombe,  Upottery. 

Holcomhe  :  thei'e  are  saltworkers :  if 
Holcomhe  in  Ottery,  their  salterns 
must  have  been  lower  down ;  but 
there  is  a  Holcomhe  in  Uplyme. 

Prob.  Over  Woollacombe,  Morthoe. 


Holecome 

Holecvmbe 

Holescome 

HoUe 

Holne 

Holnhais 

Honecherde 

Honesham 

Honetone 

Horeecome 

Horewod 

Horewode 

Hortone 

Hovelande 

Hvndatore 

Huneseve 

Hvnitone 

Hyrtesberie 

Ide 

lohannestov 

Iplepene 

Jacobescherobe 
Jlesbam 
Jvelie 
Jwia 

Kari 

Labere 
Lacome 

Laierda 

Lamesete 

Lambretone 

Lancbers 

Landesberg 

Lanford 

Lanford 

Langedone  (2) 

Langeford 

Langeford 

Langebewis 

Langestan 

Langetrev 


DOMESDAT 

PAOX 

.  1149  ... 

•  V  X         ... 

363  ... 
.     509    .. 


,  983 
.  405 
,  1081 
17,  313 
.  707 
.  141 
,  917 
,  135 


MANORS  OF  DEVON. 


827 


659 
245 
679 
1069 
771 

106 
827 
909 

1191 
1143 
1127 
1061 


} 


Hollacomhe. 

Hollacombe,  Winkleigb. 

Prob.  Halwells  Coombe,  Bigbury. 

Holne, 

Hole,  Glaybidon:    same  owner  and 

tenant  as  tbat  manor. 
Hulham,  Littlebam. 
Honychurdi, 
Huntsham, 
Honiton, 

Prob.  Harcombe,  Sidbury. 
Hortoood :  Pole  gives  four  manors  of 

ibis  name. 
Prob.  Horton,  Bradworthy :  paid  to 

Horwood, 
Holland,  Plympton  St.  Mary. 
Hound  Tor,  Manaton. 
Huntshaw, 

Honiton,  Soutb  Molton, 
Horsboroogb,  Mortboe. 


. . .  Ide^ 

...  Instow, 

...  Ipplepen. 

...  Jacobsiow. 

...  Ilsham,  Torquay. 

...  Evelegb  or  Yevelegb,  Broadclisi. 

...  Huish. 


571  ...  Gary,  St.  Giles-in-tbe-Heath. 


.  1077  ... 

.        MaO     ... 

•     465  ... 


633  ... 

.     969  ... 

.     419  ... 

Jo9  ... 

.  1089  ... 

.  1159  ... 

659,  661  ... 

.       I  o  . .. 

.     479  ... 

.         ^aO  ... 

.     539  ... 

•  Ou  ... 


Laybeare,  Sbebbear. 

Is  added  to  Brendon,  and  may  be  re- 
presented by  Leeford  in  tbat  parisb. 

Near  III lacombe,  added  to  Lincome— 
Litford. 

Lambside,  Eevelstoke. 

Lamerton. 

Landcro88, 

Lands  End,  Golebrook. 

Tbere  is  a  Lemonford,  Asbburton. 

Lampford,  Gberiton  Bishop. 

Langdon,  Wembury. 

Prob.  Langford,  Ugborougb.  /<  «'«ii/  • 

ILangford,  Gullompton. 

Langridge,  Atherington. 

Prob.  Langstone,  Manaton. 

Langfree. 


328 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 


•  -  - 


Lannor 

PAOX 

.     817 

LavTOchebere 

.  1039 

Lege 

.     231 

Lege 

.     297 

Lege 

.     316 

Lege 

.     401 

Lege 

.     617 

Lege 

..     627 

Lege 

.     669 

Lege 

.     721 

Lege 

.     759 

Lege 

.     823 

Lege 

.  1041 

Lege 

.  1057 

Lege 

.  1123 

Lege 

.  1129 

Lege 

.  1145 

Lei 

.     681 

Leige 

.     817 

Lestiutone  . 

.     903 

Levelege 

.  1103 

Levestone    . 

.     865 

Levge 

.  1101 

Levia 

77 

Levricestone 

.     637 

Lewe 

.     387 

LewendoDe . 

.  1109 

Lideforde 

3 

Liteltone 

.     233 

Lidemore 

.     585 

Liege 
Liege 
Tiim 

.     243 
.     425 
.     227 

Limet 

.     145 

Leonard,  Halberton. 

Larkbeare,  Tallaton  or  Whim  pie. 

Endsleigh. 

Prob.  Monkletgh, 

lEaahleigh,  Wembworthy. 

Inwardleigliy  from  its  Saxon  owner — 
Inewar. 

Apparently  in  or  near  Stokenham. 

Modbury. 

Challonsleigh,  Plympton  St.  Mary. 

South  Leigh. 

North  Leigh, 

Ley,  North  Huish :  see  Luperige. 

Leigh,  Morley. 

Leigh,  Widdecombe-in-the-Moor :  see 
Swetton. 

Prob.  Ley,  South  Molton. 

1  Leigh,  Silverton,  or  Canonsleigh, 
Burleecombe. 

Leigh,  Harberton. 

?  Leigh,  Black  Torrington. 

Prob.  Westleigh,  Burlescombe. 

Ilaington, 

1  Lower  Leigh,  North  Molton. 

Lympstone, 

Gidleigh  =  Godbold's  Leigh,  from 
Norman  owner. 

The  Lees  are  only  less  confusing 
than  the  Combes;  but  still  severed 
can  be  made  out. 

North  Lew, 

Adjoining  Plymouth;  lone  of  the 
Lipsons. 

Lew  Trenchard, 

Prob.  Luddon,  Sourton. 

Lydford, 

Liddaton,  Brent  Tor. 

In  or  near  North  Lew;  held  by  the 
'  same  Saxon  owner  as  Kimber. 

Romamleigh, 

1  Lee,  High  Bickington. 

Uplyme, 

These  Limets  are  Nymets,  the  L  and 
N  being  interchanged :  there  are 
Nymphs,  prob.  the  same,  as  in 
Bow  and  South  Tawton.  It  seems 
hopeless  to  identify  all;  but  this 
is  prob.  Nyniet  St.  George. 


DOMESDAY  MANORS  OV  DEVON. 


329 


Limet 

PAOB 

.     253 

Tiimet 

.     425 

Tiimet 

.     429 

Limet 

.     433 

Limet 

.     435 

Limet 

.  1067 

Limete 

.  1157 

Limor 

.  1147 

Lincome      .  .     465 

Line            .  .     693 

Lin  tone       .  .691 

Lisistone     .  .375 

Listone        .  .       35 

Liteham       .  .       83 

Liteham  .     263 
Litelracheneford  .     785 

Liteltone     .  .     231 

Liteltorelande  .     305 

Litelwere     .  .  1063 

Livrochebere  .     479 

Loba            .  .     461 

Lobe  .     991 

Locbebroc  .  .     399 

Locbesbere .  207 

Locbesbore .  .     4 19 

Locbesore    .  .     447 

Locbetone   .  .593 

Locbetore    .  .667 

Lodebroc     .  .317 

Lodebroc     .  .     369 

Lodeswille  .  .597 

Lollardesdone  .     841 

Lollaidestone  825 

Lonmele      .  809 

Lonmine      .  .851 

Loperige      .  .319 

Losbeie  .     269 

Loscume      .  .739 

Loteland      .  .     853 

Lovapit       .  .791 

Lovecote  .     987 

Lovenetome  591 
VOL.  XXV. 


} 


} 

•  •  • 

} 


Nympbays,  Zeal  Monacborum. 

INympb,  Bow. 

Prob.  Nyinei  Tracty, 

Tbe  first  two  are  probably  tbe  Nicbols 
Nymets,  Nortb  Tawton  :  Pole  also 
gives  Nymet  Bradford  and  Merdis 
Nymet. 

Lynor  is  given  as  a  boundary  of 
Collnmpton  in  a  cbarter  of  Isabella 
de  Fortibus :  tbere  is  a  Lawmoor, 
Gulmstock,  and  a  Latemoors,  Cul- 
lompton ;  tbe  latter  more  likely. 

Lincombe,  Ilfracombe. 

Lyn. 

Lynton, 

Lipson,  Plymoutb. 

Lifton, 

Littlehamy  Nortb  Devon. 

Littleham,  Exmoutb. 

Little  Rackenford,  Rackenford. 

Liddaton,  Brent  Tor. 

In  Little  Torrington. 

Wear  Gifford :  tbe  name  Little  Weir 
remains. 

Larkbeare,  Wbimple  or  Tallaton. 

Nortb  and  Soutb  Lobb,  Braunton. 

Lasbbrook,  Bradford. 
Loxbeare, 

Loxkore, 

Lupton,  Cburston  Ferrers. 
Lougbtor,  Plympton  St  Mary. 

Ludbrook ;  Ugborougb  and  Modbury. 

Loddiswdl. 

Luxtons,  in  Winkleigb. 

Loman  Clavill,  Tiverton. 
Cbief  Lowman,  Halberton. 
Luprige,  Nortb  Huisb. 
Loosebeare,  Zeal  Monacborum. 
Luscombe,  Kattery. 
ILooseland — Tiverton  or  Templeton. 
Luppit. 
Luffincott, 

Loventor,  Berry  Pomeroy. 
Y 


330 

Lnperige 
Lyperige 

Lvdefoid 

Lwedei 

Lwis 

Macheewelle 
Macretone  , 
Madesoame . 


Madfoid 


THE  IDENTIFIGATIOKS  OF  THE 


PAOS 

821 
861 

1119 

823 

1061 

999 

31 

711 


.  351 


{ 


Madone 

.  1177 

Magnelege  . 

.     867 

Magnetone  , 

.     545 

Maiberie 

,     719 

Mameorde   , 

,     437 

Mammeheye 

,     443 

Maneberie  . 

.       15 

Manedone   . 

.     641 

Manelie 

.  1097 

Manitone     , 

,  1173 

Manneheve  , 

.  1191 

Matford 

.     683 

Matingeho  . 

.     147 

Maveasart    . 

.     525 

Meda 

.     419 

Medenecome 

,     511 

Meleberie     . 

,     749 

Meleford 

.     211 

Meleford 

.  1003 

Melewis 

,     499 

Mellestone  . 

.     621 

Merehode    . 

,  1113 

Meievde 

.     875 

Meiode 

.     469 

Merlande 

.  1005 

Merton 

,     499 

Mertone 

,     127 

Metoome 

.     155 

Metwi 

.     891 

Mewi  (4)  64 

3,  645,  647 

Middeltone . 

.     231 

The  first  Lupridge  is  clearly  in  North 
Haishy  but  the  second  is  too  much 
for  the  present  area  of  the  parish. 

Liddaford,  North  Bovey. 

Lduileigh, 

Error  for  Iwis, 

Marshalls,  Shillingfoid. 

Maker. 

Manstone,  Sidbury :  it  is  added  to 
Orescome,  or  Horescome,  prob. 
Harcombe,  in  Sidbury. 

Prob.  Matford,  Heavitree :  but  1  Mad- 
ford,  Hemyock,  or  Maddaford, 
Okehampton. 

Meddon,  Hartland. 

Prob.  Manlegh,  Halberton- 

MancUon,  Great  or  Little. 

Memburyj  East  or  West 

Mamworthy,  Holsworthy, 

Mamhead. 

Membury,  East  or  West, 

Manadon,  Weston  PeveriL 

Prob.  Manley,  Tiverton. 

MaiPiton,  Great  or  Little. 

Mayne,  Dunsford. 

Matford,  Exminster. 

Martinfioe, 

Meahaw, 

MeetJu 

Maidencombe,  Stokeinteignhead. 

Milbury,  Beaworthy. 

Milford,  Hartland. 

Prob.  Milford,  Frithelstock. 

Prob.  Melhuish,  Tedbume. 

Malston,  Sherford. 

Marwood:  there  are  three  Marwoods 
in  the  present  parish  of  that  name. 

Marland,  Petrockstow. 

Merton ;  part  of  parish. 

Merton, 

Metcombe,  Marwood. 

Meavy, 

Parts  of  Meavy  parish  :  Mr.  Davidson 
suggested  Hoo  Meavy,Goodameavy, 
Church  Meavy,  Lake  Meavy. 

Milton  Abbot, 


DOMESDAT  HANOBS  OF  DEVON. 


331 


Middeltone  . 

PAflK 

.     177 

Mideland 

.  1161 

Midelcote    . 

.  1181 

Mideltone    . 

.     867 

Mideltone   . 

.  1043 

Milchewis   . 

.  1191 

Mildecote    . 

.     407 

Mildelcote   . 

.     409 

Mildedone  . 

.     713 

Mimidlande 

.     633 

Mirland 

.     983 

Mochelesberie 

.  1053 

Modlei  (2)  . 

635,  637 

Mogescome . 

.     453 

Molecote 

.  1103 

MoUand 

.  1015 

Mollande 

.       59 

Mollande 

.     187 

Monuchemtone 

.      395 

Morbade 

61 

Morceth 

.     197 

MoTchet 

91 

Morchet 

.     709 

More 

.     573 

Morlei 

.     811 

Morlei 

.  1013 

Mortberie    . 

.     345 

Mortehov 

.     897 

Mortone 

.       63 

Motbilie 

.     361 

Mvsberie 

.     549 

Nevtone 

.     463 

Newentone  . 

.     839 

Newentone  . 

.  1101 

Nimet 

.     829 

Nimet 

.     843 

Nimet 

.     845 

Nimetone    . 

.       69 

Nimetone 

.     119 

Nireaae 

.     195 

. . .  1  Mill  Town,  Marwood. 
...  Midland,  Cheriton  Bishop. 
...  Prob.  Middelcot,  Chagford. 
. . .  Milton  Dainerd. 
...  South  Milton, 

. . .  Prob.  Millhays,  Hemyock ;  IMelhuiah, 
Littleham. 

>  Middelcote,  Bishops  Morchaid. 

...  Meldon,  Okehampton. 

...  Membland,  Eevelstoke. 

. .    Petersmarland, 

. . .  Muxbeare,  Holbeton  :  see  Swetton. 

,..  Higher  and  Lower  Mutley,  Compton 

Gifford  and  Weston  Peverel. 
...  Mockham,  Charles. 
...  Prob.  Mullacott,  Ufracombe. 
...  Prob.    Molland,    Ghittlehamholt,    or 

Chulmleigh. 
...  Molland. 

, . .  Part  of  parish ;  there  is  West  Molland. 
...  Monkokehampton, 
...  Morebath, 
...  Morchard  Bishop, 

>  Prob.  both  in  Oruwys  Morchard, 

. . .  Prob.  More,  St.  Giles-in-the-Wood ;  may 
be  in  Broadwoodkelly  or  Py  worthy. 
...  Prob.  Marley,  Tiverton. 
...  Morley, 

...  Little  Modbury,  Modbury. 
...  Morthoe, 
...  Moretonhampstead. 
...  Modbury, 
...  Mushury, 

...  Prob.  Newton,  Chittlehampton. 

...  Prob.  Newton  Tracey, 

..    Prob.    Newton  Abbot  and   Bushell, 

according  to  Mr.  Davidson. 
. . .  Prob.  Broad  Nymet, 
. . .  Prob.  Nymet  Rowland, 
. . .  1  Nymet  Tracey :  this  however  is  very 

doubtful ;  see  Limet  or  Nymet  St. 

George. 
...  Kingsnympton, 
...  Bishopsnympton, 
, . .  Nether  Exe. 

T   2 


332 

Nistenestoch 

Niwetone 

Niwetone 

Niwetone 

Niwetone 

Nochecote 


THE  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 


PAQB 

.  1095 
99,  1179 
.  329 
.  845 
.  1149 
.  1097 


Norcote 

171 

Norcote 

175 

Northam 

281 

Nortmoltone 

39 

Nortone 

569 

Noteswrde  . 

893 

NoteewiUe  . 

1181 

Notone 

257 

Ochementono 

379 

Ocheneberie 

631 

Odebvrne     . 

537 

Odeford  (2) 

669, 

671 

Odehiwis     . 

« 

893 

Odelie 

• 

879 

Odeordi 

• 

951 

Odesclive     , 

t 

15 

Odetrev 

• 

869 

OflFecome 

• 

779 

Oflfewille      . 

• 

557 

Ogewille  (2) 

935, 

937 

Stoke  St.  Nectan,  Hartland. 

Newton  St  Gyres, 

Newton  Ferrers, 

Prob.  Newton,  Bishopsnympton. 

Newton  St,  Petrock, 

Northcote,  according  to  Lysons ;  but 
1  Nettacot  (Needycotes),  Upton 
Pyne :  there  are  Northcotes  in 
East  Downe,  Honiton,  Inward- 
leigb,  and  elsewhere. 

Prob.  Northcote,  East  Downe. 

Prob.  Northcote,  Inwardleigh. 

Northam. 

North  Molton. 

Norden  Bason,  Broadwoodwidger. 

Notsworthy,  Widdecombe-in-Moor. 

Nutwell,  Lympstone. 

Norton,  Churchstow. 

Oheliampton, 

Okenbury,  Kingmore. 

Prob.  Woodbum,  Okeford. 

Higher  and  Lower  Woodford,  Ply  ni- 
ton St.  Mary. 

Woodhouse,  Sidbury. 

Woodleigh, 

Prob.  Woodlane,  Morchard  Bishop. 

Connected  with  Axminster :  1  Under- 
cleava 

Woodhay,  Lamerton. 

Uffcvline, 

Offwdl, 

See  WogwilL  The  Ogewilles  seem  at 
tirst  either  to  be  East  Ogwill,  for 
which  however  they  are  too  large, 
or  to  represent  both  parishes  of 
that  name.  If  WogwiU  with  its 
mill  is  taken  to  represent  East 
Ogwell,  then  these  are  too  large 
for  West.  The  probability  seems 
then  to  be,  that  we  have  here  the 
two  Ogwells.  Pole  gives  three 
Woggewills,  East  and  West  and 
Woggewill  Peytevin,  in  East  Og- 
well. The  latter,  however,  may 
be  of  later  creation,  and  there  is  a 
Vogwell  in  Mauaton.  The  areas 
are  the  great  difficulty. 


DOMESDAT  MANORS  OF  DEVON. 


333 


Oladone 

PAOC 

.     417 

Olecumbe    . 

.  1007 

Olvereword 

.  1153 

Opecote 

.     615 

Olvrintone 

.     729 

Olwritona 

.     236 

Oplomie 

.     855 

Oppelavme  , 

.     951 

Orcartone 

.     363 

Ordie  . 

.     531 

OrdiheUe 

.     625 

Orrewai 

.  1031 

Orescane 

.     931 

Orescome 

.     935 

Otrei 

.     273 

Otri 

.     703 

Otri 

.     709 

Otri 

.     717 

Otri 

.     719 

Otri 

.     789 

Otri 

.     793 

Otri 

.     933 

Otri 

.     941 

Otri 

.     957 

Otri 

.     959 

Otrie 

.     953 

Otrii 


519 


Woolladon,  Meeth. 

Prob.  Woollacombe  Tracey,  Morthoe. 

Woolfardimoorthy. 

Upcott,  Cheriton  Fitzpaine;  orlRock- 

beare. 
?  Worlington,  Instow. 
Walreddon,  Tavistock. 
Part  of  Uplotoman, 
Added  to  Chevithome,  Tiverton;  prob. 

part  of  Uplowman. 
Orcharton,  Modbury. 
Prob.  Worthy,  Rackenford. 
Worthele,  Ermington. 
Orway,  Kentisbere. 
Prob.  Orcombe,  Littleham. 
Prob.  Harcombe,  Sidbury. 
Ottery  St.  Mary, 

This  is  half  a  hide  held  in  Otteiy. 

9  Fen  Ottery. 

Half  a  plough  added  to  Holescome; 

prob.  Holcombe,  Ottery  St  Mary. 
Mohons  Ottery. 
If  Fen  Ottery^  there  must  have  been 

some  severance. 


Otritone 
Oveltone 


277 
423 


Up  Ottery. 

See  Otri  above,  719;  the  entries 
exactly  correspond,  save  that  here 
one  plough  is  added  to  Holescome 
and  in  the  former  case  half. 

Suggested  by  Mr.  Davidson  as  Datton 
or  Datton  Mill :  see  Donicestone. 

Most  of  the  Otterys  are  very  small, 
and  all  that  can  safely  be  said  ia 
that  they  lie  in  the  Otter  valley — 
some  at  least  in  Ottery  St.  Mary. 
Harpford  is  probably  an  Otter  and 
so  is  Buckerell,  for  neither  of  these 
names  appear.  Ealph  de  Pomeroy 
held  five  Ottery  manors,  and  one 
of  these  probably  represents  in 
part  BuQkerell.  There  is  an  Ottery 
in  West  Devon,  but  not  named. 

Otterton. 

Ovetton,  given  by  Pole  in  Halberton. 


334 


TBS  IDEMTmCATIONS  OF  THX 


Paneetan 

FAOK 

.     971 

Panteeford  (2)      .     481 

Paoide 

.     581 

Patford 

.  1085 

Patsole 

.     161 

Pech 

.     369 

Pech 

.     975 

Pedehel 

.     209 

Pedrectunbe 

.     725 

Peintone 

.     117 

Percheham  . 

.     413 

Petecote 

.     523 

Petrochestov 

.     251 

Pevmere 

.     921 

Picaltone 

.  1007 

Pidehel 

.     663 

Pidelige 
Pilland 

.     755 
.     149 

Pinnoch 

71 

PiBsewelle    . 

.     697 

Plantelie 

.     993 

Pleistov 

.     183 

Plemestoch  . 

.     207 

Plintone 

.       25 

Plvmtrei 

.  1075 

Pocheele 

.     309 

Pochehille  . 

.     995 

Poldreham 

.     767 

Pole 

.     617 

Pole 

.     821 

Pole 

.     965 

Polebroch 

.     131 

Poleslevge 
Poleslewe 

.     473 
.     225 

Polham 

.     993 

PolochestoiK 

a         .     609 

Pontimore 

.     473 

Porlemvte 

.     605 

Porridge 
Poteford 

.     415 
.     979 

Potiforde 

.     303 

Potitone 

.     715 

Potsforde 

.     679 

Pienla 


561 


Prob.  Panson,  St  Giles-in-the-Heatb. 

tPassford,  Otterton:  there  is  Pains- 
ford,  AshpringtoB. 

Pyvxjrthy, 

Paflford,  North  Tawton. 

Prob.  Patehole,  Kentisbory. 

Peek,  Ugborough. 

Peek,  Tetcott. 

Pead  Hill,  Tiverton. 

Parracamhe. 

Paignton, 

Parkham. 

Prob.  Patchcote,  Beaworthy. 

Petrockgtow, 

Peamore,  Ezminster. 

Prob.  Pickwell,  Braunton. 

Pithill,  Plympton  St  Mary. 

Pidley,  East  Worlington. 

Pilland,  PUton. 

Pinhoe. 

Piswell,  Kentisbere. 

Pranly,  Twitchen. 

Plestow,  SherwelL 

Plymstock. 

Plyinpton, 

Plymtree, 

Poughill,  near  Crediton ;  both  in 
parish. 

Powderham, 

South  Pool. 

1  Pool,  East  Allington ;  or  Holbeton. 

North  Pool :  added  to  Chenigedone. 

Piillesbrook,  Bovey  Tracey. 

Polsloe. 

Polsloe,  part. 

Pulham,  Twitchen. 

Prob.  Poulstone,  Halwell ;  or  Polston, 
South  Brent :  there  is  a  Polsham, 
Paignton. 

Poltimore,  Farway. 

Portlemouth. 

Potheridge,  Merton. 

Prob.  East  Putford, 

Prob.  West  Putford, 

Prob.  Puddington, 

Prob.  in  one  of  the  Putfords :  there 
is  Julian  Putford  in  West  Putford. 

1  Pridhamsleigh,  Stavertonj  or  Prims- 
ley,  Teignmouth. 


DOMESDAY  MANORS  OF  DEVON. 


335 


PAOK 

Pudeforde    .  .917 

Pvltimore    .  .   1131 

Bachenefode  .     533 

Kachvn       .  .1116 

Racome       «  .511 

Racvmbe     .  .     705 

Eadeclive    .  .977 

Eadehide     .  .     897 

Eadelie        .  .153 

Eadeode      .  .     745 

Radewei      .  .  1037 

Radone        .  .     243 
Eaelstan  (Adestan)    707 

Baordin       .  .     695 

Eatdone      .  .293 

Eatdone       .  .     567 

Ratdone       .  .     805 

Ratrev         .  .     737 

Raweberge  .  .143 

Redic          .  .     963 

Redone        .  .1139 

Reimore  .     629 

Restone  .  1023 

Rewe          .  .193 

Ridelcome   .  .     841 

Rinestanedone  .     221 

Ringedone  .  .         9 

RiBgedone  .  .461 

Riflford  .     497 
Rochebere  (4)  313,  517, 
519,  523 


Rodelie 
Bovecome 

Royrige 
Rvmor 


.     189 
.  1131 

.     273 
.     495 


>  •  • 

} 


Prob.  in  one  of  the  Potfotds. 
Poltimore, 

Eackenford* 

RoGombe,  Coombeinteignhead.  Thete 
are  three  Rocombes  there. 

Redcliff,  North  Lew. 

Roadway,  Morthoe« 

Ralegh,  Pilton. 

Prob.  Radworthy,  North  Molton. 

Radway,  Bishopsteignton. 

Raddon,  Marystow. 

1  Rolstone,  Morchard  Bishop. 

1  Rowden,  Witheridge,  or  Shebbeaz. 

Raddon,  Shobrooke. 

Raddon,  Broad woodwidger :  there  are 
two  there. 

Raddon,  Thorverton. 

Battery, 

Roborough, 

Rake  or  Raddichill,  Stockland. 

Prob.  Raddon,  CoUompton. 

Bingmore. 

Prob.  Riadon,  Jacobetow;  or  Bawston, 
Bishopanympton* 

Betpe. 

Biddlecombe,  Ashreigny. 

1  Kingston,  Colaton  Balegh. 

Added  to  South  Molton.  1  Kingaland 

Prob.  Bingmore,  West  Anatey. 

Boshford;  prob.  Chagfoid. 

Bockbeare:  the  last  three  in  present 
parish,  probably  the  first  also.  Mrs. 
Troup  identifies  the  first  three 
with  Bockbeare  parish,  and  sug- 
gests Bookbeaie  in  Stockleigh 
English  or  Bookabeer  in  Freming- 
ton  for  the  last 

Prob.  Bowley,  Bomansleigh. 

Prob.  Buckham,  Grnwys  Morchaid: 
there  is  a  Buckham,  Portlemonth. 

Bawridge,  Up  Otteiy. 

Prob.  Bingmore^  St  Niclwlaa. 


1 


Sancte  Marie  Cerce  337  .,.  Bt.  Mary  Church,, 

land  attached 

to  church  of     .     107  ...  Prob.  Combe  Paffoid, St.  Maiychurcfau 


^ , 


.J 


336 


THB  IDENTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 


Sanford 

PAOS 

.     .     393 

Sanford 

.     763 

Sanforde 

.     865 

San  tone 

.  1009 

Saterlei 

.  1105 

Scabatore 

.     131 

Scage  (2)     . 

.     665 

Scapelie 

.     441 

Scapelie 

.     443 

Scapelio 

.     445 

Scapelie 


1093 


Schipebroc  . 
Scobecombe. 

.     831 
.     793 

Sedeboige   . 
Sedemude    . 

.  1179 
.     273 

Selac 

.     647 

Selcome 

.     115 

Selingeforde 
Selvestan     . 

.     681 
.  1087 

Sepesberie  . 
Setebeige     . 
Sideberie     . 

.       55 
.     413 
.     113 

Sideford  (Sigeford)    993 
Sideham      .         .     809 

Sidelbam     . 

.     679 

Sidrebam 

.     571 

Sildene 

.     927 

Silvestene    . 

.     373 

Siredone 

.  1189 

Sireford 

.       47 

Sireford 

.     647 

Siiewelle 

.     745 

Sirewelle 

.  1067 

Sladone 

.     123 

Slapefoid 
Smarige 
Smelecome  . 

.       89 
.     961 
.     553 

Smidelie 

.     471 

Smiiheham . 

.     305 

Sotebroch    . 

.     293 

Sovietone    . 

.     105 

Sampford  Courienay. 

Sampford  Spiney, 

Sampford  PeverilL 

Saunton. 

Satterleigh. 

Scobator,  Widdecombe-in-the-Moor. 

Shaugh  and  Nether  Shaugh. 

Prob.  Chipley,  Bickington. 

Prob.  Sbapleigb,  North  Bovey. 

IShepley,  Blackawton. 

These  Scapelies  are  in  the  hands  of 

one  owner,  and  445  may  quite  as 

well  be  Chipley. 
Renders  to    Tauestone:     Shapleigh, 

Chagford. 
Skohrooke, 

Shapcombe,  Lnppitt 
Sidboroogh^  Parkham. 
SidmotUh, 
Sealake,  Halberton. 
Salconibe  Regis, 
ShilUngford  St,  George, 
Prob.  Shilston,  Drewsteignton. 
Shehbear, 

Sidborongh,  Parkham. 
Sidbury, 

Sigford,  Hsington. 

Sy dehiun,  Chulmleigh ;  or  Eackenford. 
Sydenham, 

Sydenham,  Maristow. 
Sheldon, 

Sbilston,  Modbory. 
Sourton, 
Sherford. 
Sherford,  Brixton. 
Shenoell, 

Prob.  Sherwell,  Dunterton. 
Slapton, 
Lapford, 

Smallridge,  Axminster. 
Smallacombe,  Ilsington. 
ISweetlands,  Up  Ottery:   there  is  a 

Smithaleigh  in  Plympton  St  Mary; 

but  this  manor  seems  to  be  in  East 

Devon. 
Smitham,  Little  Torrington. 
Southbrook,  Kenton. 
Staverion, 


DOHESDAT  MANORS  OF  DEVON. 


337 


Spececote    . 

PAGE 

.  1005 

Sperchewelle 

647 

Spicewite    . 

67 

Sprecome     . 

1011 

Spredelestone 

347 

Sprei 

.  1033 

Spreitone 

.     491 

Sprewe 

.     199 

Staford 


289 


Staford 

.  1049 

Staford 

.   1059 

Stancome 

.     621 

Standone     . 

.     927 

Stanehvs 

.     891 

Stanlin3 

.  1071 

Stantone 

.  1027 

Stapelie 

.  1121 

Staveford    . 

.     167 

Stoch 

.     795 

Stoche 

.     Ill 

Stocbe 

.     735 

Stoche 

.     747 

Stochelie 

.     291 

Stocbelie 

.     295 

Stochelie  (2^ 

>        .     307 

Stochelie 

.     343 

Stochelie 

.     349 

Stochelie 

.     417 

Stochelie 

.     941 

Stoches 

.     881 

Stoches 

.  1116 

Stodlei 

.     179 

Stodlei 

.     949 

StoUei 

.     201 

Stotberie 

.     629 

Stotdone 

.     655 

Stotecome 

.     665 

Stotescome 

.     653 

Stotlege 

.     773 

Speccot,  Merton. 

Sparkwell,  Staverton. 

Spitchwick,  Widdecombe-in-the-Moor. 

Prob.  Coombey  in  Spreyton. 

Spriddlestone,  Brixton. 

Prob.  Spry,  Lofton. 

Spreyton, 

Prob.    Spurway,   Okeford;    may  be 

Spurway,  Tiverton. 
1  Stafford,  Dolton :  there  are  several 

Stowfords — Berrynarbor,     Broad- 

hembury,  Halwell,  Langtree,  Swim- 
bridge,  &c. 
Stowford,  Torrington. 
Prob.  Stowford, 
Stancombe,  Sherford. 
1  Stanton,  LoddiswelL 
Stonehouse, 

Stallings  or  Stallynch,  Huntsham. 
Churchstaunton, 
Prob.  Stapehill,  Usington. 
Stowford,  West  Down. 
Prob.  Stoke  Fleming. 
Stoke  Canon, 
Prob.  Stoke  Gabriel, 
Stoke  Rivers, 
The  second  Stockleigh  Engliahy  Alward 

the   Saxon    owner   continuing   as 

tenant ;  prob.  first  also. 
Stockleigh  in  Cheriton  Fitzpaine  and 

part  of  Stockleigh  English. 
Strachleigh,  Ermington;  or  possibly 

Stokely,  Stokenham. 
Prob.  Stockleigh,  Crediton. 
Stockleigh,  Meeth. 
Stockleigh  Pomeroy, 
Stoke  Damerel, 
Stokeinteignhead, 
Studley,  West  Backland :  there  are 

three  in  parish. 
Stoodleigh. 
1  in  Stoodleigh. 
Stadbury,  Aveton  Giffard. 
Staddon,  Plymstock. 
Prob.  Stuttiscombe,  Axmouth. 
Staddiscombe,  Plymstock. 
ISloleys,      Berrynarbor:      next     to 

Hagginton. 


338 


Svd  Moltone 

CI.     285 
'  .       29 

STdtone 

Svetetone    . 

.  1053 

Svetetone    . 

.  1057 

Svlfietone   . 

.       11 

Syraple 

.     815 

Svre 

.     607 

Svrlei 

.     609 

Svrintone    . 

.     211 

Svtecome 

.     217 

Svtone 

.  1143 

STtieworde . 

.     787 

Taincome    . 

.     191 

Taintone     . 

.     489 

Taigne 
Taine 

.     539 
.     501 

Tale  (2)      . 

929,  931 

Talebrige     . 
Taletone 

.     205 
.     113 

Tambretone 

.  1046 

Tamerlande . 

.     973 

Tanbretone  . 

.       29 

Tantone 

.     101 

Tapelie 
Tauestocbe  . 

.     217 
.       89 

Taveland     . 

.  1135 

Tavestoc 

.     229 

Tavetone     . 

.       41 

Tavi 

.     577 

Tavtone 

.     109 

Tavvetone   . 

5 

Tawi 

.  1047 

Teigne 
Teigne 
Teintone 

.     223 

.     439 

13 

Tetebvme    . 

.     503 

Tetebome    . 

.     603 

Teteborne    . 

.     705 

Tetecote 

.     583 

Tewebirie    . 

.     871 

Tideford      . 

.     913 

Topesbant    . 
Toredone     . 

.       63 
.     717 

THE  IDSNTIFICATIONS  OF  THE 

PAOC 

...  South  Molton. 

...  Sutton  (Plymoutb). 

...  Swetton,  Holbeton. 

...  Sweaton,  Widdecombe-in-tbe-Moor. 

...  Silverton. 

. . .  Appledore,    Burlescombe ;   given    by 

Pole  as  Soure  Appledore. 

...  Sewer,  Malborougb. 

. . .  Sorley,  West  Alvington. 

...  Sowton* 

...  Sutcombe^ 

...  Prob.  Sowton,  Donsford* 

...  Prob.  Soutbwood,  Tiverton. 


Teigncombe,  Cbagford. 

Prob.  Dreiosteigntoru 

Prob.  Teign  Brewer  «  Teigngrace. 

?  George  Tein,  Asbton;  or  West  Teign, 

Nortb  Bovey. 
Tale,  Paybembury. 
TMhridge. 
Talaton. 

Tamerton  Foliott 
Land,  Tetcott. 
Kings  Tamerton. 
Bishopsteignton, 
Tapley,  Westleigb. 
Tawstock. 
Benders  to  Soutb  Taw  ton.    Westcote 

gives  Tawland  as  a  general  name 

of  part  of  Taw  district 
Tavistock. 
South  Tawtoru 
Mary  Tavy. 
Bishopstawton, 
North  Taioton, 
Prob.  Peter  Tavy. 
Prob.  Canon  Teign. 
1  Teign  Week  or  Teign  Harvey. 
Kingsteignton, 


•  •  ■ 

} 


Tedburne  St,  Mary. 

Prob.  Tedbum  Venny,  Crediton. 

Tetcott. 

Thuborougb,  Satcombe. 

Tideford,  Comworthy, 

Topsham, 

Prob.  Toredone,  Swimbridge. 


DOMESDAY 

MANOBS  OF  DEVON.                         66^ 

Tori 

rjLOK 

.     345 

Tor,  Weston  Peveril. 

Torre 

.  1145 

Tormohun, 

Torilande 

.     919 

IThomland,  Hockwortby. 

Torintone    . 

53 

Ghreat  Torrtngion. 

Torintone 

.     413 

Torringtan;  prob.  Little, 

Toritone 

.       43 

Torringion;  prob.  in  Great 

Toritone 

.  1049 

In  Black  Torrington. 

Toritone 

.  1063 

Black  Torrtngton, 

Torix. 

.     677 

Terridge,  Plympton  St.  Mary. 

Torieston 

.     599 

Thurlestone, 

Tome 

.     213 

Tbome;  prob.  Backland  Brewer  or 
Petrockstow. 

Tomeberie  . 

.     237 

Thomlmri/. 

Tomeberie  . 

.     357 

?Thombary,  £^  Bnckland. 

Tornecome  . 

.     551 

Thomcombe, 

Tornelowe 

.     575 

Tillyslow,  Yiiginfltow. 

Torre 

.  1193 

Tor  Bryan, 

Torsewis 

.     139 

There  .is  a  Tooses,  East  Budleigb. 

Totenais 

.     565 

Totnes. 

Totescome   . 

.     351 

Doddiscombaleigh. 

Tovretone 

.       49 

Tiverton. 

Tovretone 

.     905 

Tiverton,  part  o£ 

Trendesholt 

.     173 

Trentiahoe, 

Tresetone 

/  5;f6 

Thrushelton, 

Trisma 

.     255 

Truaham, 

Trvle 

.     901 

Throwleigh, 

Tuichebere  . 
Tvchebere   . 

.     989 
.     985 

}■ 

Twigbear,  Marland. 

Tuichel 

.  1029 

•  ■  • 

Twitchen,  Arlington. 

TJlvredinton 

e              51 

•  •  • 

Werrington. 

Ylestanecote 

1         .     863 

•  •  • 

IWoolscot,  North  Molton,  or  Berry- 
narbor. 

Vlfaldeahodi 

38      .     755 

•  •  • 

Wodfardisworthy, 

Vlgeberge 

.  1043 

•  •  • 

Ugborough. 

Vlpesse 

.     195 

•  •  • 

UpJExe. 

Ylsistone 

.     613 

•  •  • 

Prob.  Woolstone,  West  Allington. 

Vluelei 

.     131 

•  •  • 

TOo-combe,  Bovey  Tracey. 

Vluevetone 

.     649 

•  •  ■ 

Woolaton,  Brixton. 

Vlvrintone  . 

.  1077 

•  •  • 

East  or  West  Worlington^  prob.  West. 

Vlveberie 

.     549 

•  •  • 

Woolborough, 

Vlvelie 

.     421 

•  •  « 

Woolley,  Beaford. 

Vlvredintyn 

e        .     207 

•  •  tf 

East  or  A  Vest  Worlington^  prob.  East. 

Vlvretone    . 

.     141 

•  •  • 

Prob.  Woolerton,  Petersmarland. 

VlwardesdoE 

le       .       95 

•  •  • 

Prob!  Woolston,  Staverton. 

Vmberlei 

.     283 

•  •  • 

UmherUigh 

340 


THS  IDENTIFICATIONS  01  THE 


W  achetone . 

PAOB 

.       27 

Wadeham   . 

.  1185 

Wadeleecote 

.     389 

W  adeetan   . 

.     463 

Wafoid 

.     729 

W  ageef  ella . 

.     576 

Walcome 

.     215 

Walderige  . 
Walevrde    . 

.     501 
.     175 

Walifoide    . 

.     657 

Walementone 

.     603 

Warcome 

.     177 

Wasberlege . 
Wasebome  . 

.  1187 
.     859 

Wasfelte      . 

.     907 

WasfeUe 

.     947 

Wasfoide 

.     805 

Wederige 
Wedicheswelle 

.     349 
.     165 

Weia 

.     384 

Welingedinge 
WeUand 

.     531 
.     163 

WeUe 

.     247 

Wellecome  . 

.  1013 

Wenford 

.       39 

Wenfoid     . 

.     971 

Wennacre    . 

.     847 

WeDneham  . 

.     169 

Were 

.     981 

Wergi 

.  1163 

Weringeurda  .     576 

Wermehel  131 
Wesford  (3)  1019,  1021 

Weslege  .     873 

Westone      .  .     639 

Wiberie       .  .1113 

Wibvrde      .  .315 


Walkhampton. 

Wadham,  Knowstone. 

Waddlescote,  Lew  Trenchard. 

Frob.  Whitstone,  Ilfracombe. 

IWanford,  Thombury. 

0)]inected  with  Mary  Tavy :    Weat- 

ford,  Lamerton. 
WelcoTnbe. 

Prob.  Woolridge,  Warkleigh. 
Walworthy,  Challacombe. 
Collaford,  Plympton  St  Mary. 
?  If  Waddeton  (pronounced  Watton), 

Stoke  Grabriel;  it  is  in  South  Devon : 

Wheeldon,  North  Huish,  however, 

seems  more  likely. 
Warcombe,  Ilfracombe. 
Prob.  Wastbury,  Stoodleigh. 
Washboume,  Halwell. 
Washfidd, 
Prob.    another    part    of    Washfield 

parish. 
Wiflford,  Bovey  Tracey :  the  name  is 

Waflforda  in  the  Exon  book. 
Withyhedge,  Plymstock. 
Woodcocks  Well,  CuUompton. 
Way,  Bridestow. 
Wellingsdown,  Sandford. 
Prob.  Willand,  Churchstaunton. 
Commonly    regarded     as     Morwell, 

Tavistock,  but  really   Coffinswell  : 

it  comes  next  to  Denbury. 
Whilecombe,  Charles. 
Wonford,  Heavitree. 
Prob.  Wonford,  Milton  DamerelL 
Prob.  Fennacre,  Burlescombe. 
Prob.  Wenham,  Washford  Pyne. 
Wear,  Topsham. 
Prob.  Warkleigh;  perhaps  Wargery, 

Hartland. 
Wringworthy,  Mary  Tavy. 
Worm  Hill,  Hennock. 
Washford  Pyne. 
Westleigh. 
Weston  Peveril. 
Wibbery,  Alverdiscott. 
Prob.  Wembworthy. 


DOMESDAY  MANOBS  OF  DEVON. 


341 


Wicerce 

.     999 

Wiche 

.     205 

VViche 

.     291 

Wiche 

.     387 

Wiche 

.     869 

Wiche 

.     911 

Wiche 

.  1169 

Wiche 

.  1173 

Wide 

.     883 

VVidebere    . 

.     849 

Widecome  . 

.     805 

Widefelle    . 

.     325 

Widworde  . 

.   1025 

Wiflevrde    . 

.  1033 

Wilteswille . 

.     987 

Wigegroste  . 
Wilavestrev 

.  961 
.     869 

Wilelmitone 

.     559 

WiUe 

.     907 

Willecroste  . 

.     977 

Willedene   . 

.  1065 

VVillelande  . 

.  1083 

Willelmetone 

.  1025 

Wiltone 

..    149 

Wincheleie  . 

.       85 

Winescote  . 

.     985 

Winple 
VVinstoDe    . 

477,  695 
,     321 

Wipletone   . 
Wirige 

.  713 
.       45 

Witefelle     . 

.     155 

Witefelle     . 

.     159 

WitefeUe     . 

.     875 

Witefoid     . 

.       73 

Witelie 

.     641 

Witelie 

.     883 

Withechenolle 

.  1109 

Witestan     . 

.     509 

Witestan 

.     521 

Witestan 

.     767 

Witenea 

.     857 

Witewei 

.     543 

Wodeberie  . 

.       45 

Wodicome   . 

.     799 

•  •  • 

} 


Whitchurch. 

Middleswick  and  Buddleswick,  Thel- 

bridge. 
Week,  Kenton ;  Teignwick  (Highweek, 

according  to  Mr.  Davidson). 
Wyke  Dabemon,  Milton  Abbot. 
Prob.  Oermansweek, 
Prob.  Highweek. 
Prob.  Week,  Bishops  Morchard. 
Week,  Chagford. 
Widey,  Egg  Buckland. 
Woodbear,  Plymtree. 
WUhycombe  RcUegh. 
Whiltield,  Marwood. 
Wiihcorthy, 

Willsworthy,  Mary  Tavy. 
Wills  well,  Petersmarland. 
Wycroft,  Axminster. 
Willestrew,  Lamerton. 
Wilmington,  OffwelL 
Well,  Tiverton. 
Wycroft,  Axminster. 
Willey,  in  Sampford  Courtenay :  both 

belonged  to  Norman,  T.RE. 
Welland, 

Wilmington,  Widworthy. 
Prob.  Well  Town,  Cadeleigh. 
WlnMeigh, 

Winscot,  Petersmarland. 
Whimjiie. 

Winstone,  Modbury. 
Whipton,  Heavitrea 
Witlieridge;  Templetan  once  formed 

part  of  parish. 
Whitfield,  High  Bray. 
Whitfield,  Challacombe. 
Whitford,  Marwood. 
Whiteford,  Colyton  or  Shute. 
West  Whitleigh,  St.  Budeaux. 
East  Whitleigh,  St.  Budeaux. 
White  Knolle,  Stoodleigh. 


9^ 


Prob.    Whiistoyie:    there   are 
stones  in  Chittlehampton. 

Whitnage,  Uplowman. 
Whiteway,  Kingsteignton. 
Woodbury. 
Widdicombe,  Stokenham. 


Whit- 


342 


DOMESDAY  MANOBS  OF  DEVON. 


PAGE 


Wogwel 

.  1117 

Wogewille  . 

.  1161 

Wolnecome 

Worde 

Widiete 

.     685  .. 
.     757  .. 
.     239  .. 

See  OgwilL  Wogewille  seems  more 
likely  to  be  Vagglefield,  Cookbury, 
than  either  of  the  Ogwills  or  the 
Manaton  Vogwill:  in  QniviFs 
Register  we  have  West  Wogewille. 

Prob.  Woolcombe,  Roborough. 

Worth,  Washfield. 

Hurdwick,  TaviBtock. 


SYON  ABBEY. 

BY     REV.     J.     S.      BURNS, 
(Reftd  at  Torquay,  July,  1898.) 


Among  the  religious  houses  which  formerly  held  possessions 
in  Devonshire,  though  not  situated  within  the  county,  was 
the  well-known  monastery  of  Syon.  This  was  a  house  of 
royal  foundation,  having  been  built  and  endowed  by  King 
Henry  Y.,  and  was  the  only  house  in  England  of  the 
Brigittine  Order,  otherwise  known  as  the  Order  of  St. 
Saviour.  As  this  Abbey  not  only  possessed  considerable 
property  in  Devon,  but  after  a  singular  and  interesting 
history  the  representatives  of  this  ancient  community  have 
in  recent  years  found  a  home  in  the  county,  some  account  of 
the  Abbey,  especially  in  reference  to  its  Devonshire  posses- 
sions, may  not  be  thought  foreign  to  the  objects  of  this 
Association. 

One  of  the  persons  who  most  engaged  the  attention  of  the 
religious  world  in  the  later  middle  ages  was  a  Swedish 
princess  named  Birgit,  afterwards  more  commonly  known  in 
England  as  Brigit,  sometimes  spelt  Bridget.  The  fame  of 
her  sanctity  was  not  confined  to  her  own  country,  but  was 
European.  She  travelled  much  with  her  husband,  and  lived 
as  a  widow  at  Eome,  where  she  died,  and  was  canonized 
within  twenty  years  afterwards.  During  her  lifetime  she 
founded  in  her  own  country  the  first  house  of  a  new  order 
to  be  called  the  Order  of  Our  Saviour.^ 

St.  Brigit  had  been  canonized  only  fifteen  years  when 
an  English  princess,  Philippa,  the  daughter  of  Henry  IV., 
was  married  to  Eric  XIII.,  king  of  Sweden.  This  is  thought 
to  have  given  the  first  impulse  to  the  extension  of  the 
Swedish  Order  into  England.  It  was  when  Philippa's 
brother,  Henry  V.,  ascended  the  throne  that  the  new  order 

*  Lives  of  thr.  Saints,  &c,  by  Alban  Butler.    8th  day  of  October. 


344  SYON   ABBEY. 

was  permanently  established  on  a  portion  of  the  royal  manor 
of  Isleworth,  on  the  banks  of  the  Thames.  In  the  second 
year  of  his  reign,  22nd  of  February,  1415,  within  a  few 
weeks  of  the  re-assertion  of  St.  Brigit's  sanctity  by  the 
Council  of  Constance,  Henry  V.  with  his  own  hands  laid 
the  first  stone  of  the  new  foundation  "  to'  the  honour,  praise, 
and  glory  of  the  Most  High  Trinity,  and  of  the  glorious 
Virgin  Mary,  as  also  of  the  apostles  and  disciples  of  God, 
and  all  the  saints,  especially  the  most  holy  St.  Brigit,  who, 
as  is  acknowledged  on  sufiGicient  evidence,  by  divine  inspira- 
tion founded  a  religious  order  under  her  nama"  ^  Thus  says 
the  Charter  of  foundation.  By  the  same  Charter  it  was  to 
be  called  The  Monastery  of  St.  Saviour  and  St.  Brigit  ofSyon 
for  ever,  and  was  to  consist  of  eighty-five  persons,  in  remem- 
brance of  the  number  of  the  thirteen  apostles  and  seventy- 
two  disciples  of  our  Lord, — "sixty  nuns  (of  whom  one 
included  in  the  number  of  sixty  shall  be  Abbess),  also 
twenty-five  religious  men,  of  whom  thirteen  shall  be  priests, 
four  deacons,  and  eight  laymen  (from  which  same  priests  one, 
included  in  the  number  of  twenty-five,  shall  be  Confessor, 
who  shall  preside  over  the  said  men  in  spirituals,  by  which 
same  priests  the  abbess  and  nuns,  or  sisters,  are  to  be  re- 
freshed and  fed  with  the  hearing  of  Divine  Service  and 
wholesome  preachiug  and  erudition,  and  to  be  assisted  in  the 
perils  and  difficulties  of  their  spiritual  necessities)  to  dwell 
in  separate  habitations ;  to  wit,  the  abbess  and  sisters  within 
one  court  by  themselves,  and  the  said  confessor  and  brothers 
within  one  court  by  themselves."^  The  duty  is  imposed 
upon  them  by  the  Charter  "  to  celebrate  Divine  Service  for 
ever  for  our  healthful  estate  while  we  live,  and  for  our  soul 
when  we  shall  have  departed  this  life,  and  for  the  souls  of 
our  most  dear  lord  and  father  Henry,  late  King  of  England, 
and  Mary,  his  late  wife,  our  most  dear  mother,"  &c. 

For  the  endowment  of  the  monastery,  the  King  appoints 
"  1000  marks  to  be  received  annually  at  the  Exchequer 
of  us  and  our  heirs  until  the  spiritual  and  temporal  revenues 
shall  be  fully  made  up  by  us,  our  heirs,  or  executors,  to  the 
amount  of  1000  marks  annually."*  The  occasion  for  settling 
many  lands  and  benefices  upon  the  new  foundation  was 
at  hand,  for  before  beginning  his  French  wars  the  King 
seized  a  number  of  alien  priories  dependent  upon  monasteries 

•  Carta  de  Fundatione^  &c.,  Rot.  Cart.  2  Hen.  V.    Translated  in  Aungier's 
HiH.  of  Syon  Monast^ry^  p.  25. 

•  Cart4i  dc  FuiidatiorWy  &c. 

•  Ibidem, 


SYON  ABBEY.  345 

• 

in  France,  and  transferred  their  property  to  other  hands 
while  in  general  keeping  it  to  its  religious  usies.  In  this  way 
Syon  acquired  much  property.  In  the  ceremonial  calendar 
of  the  monastery  an  obit  is  appointed  within  the  octave 
of  the  Epiphany  "for  the  founders  of  all  pryores  alyens 
yoven  (given)  to  Syon."  ^ 

Two  priories  in  the  West  of  England  which  had  formerly 
belonged  to  St.  Michael's  Abbey  in  Periculo  Maris  were 
in  this  way  transferred  to  Syon  Monastery,  viz.,  St.  Michael's 
Mount  in  Cornwall,  and  **  the  Priory  of  Oterton,  otherwise 
called  Otryngton,  with  its  appurtenances,"  in  Devon.  This 
last  was  the  chief  possession  in  England  of  St.  Michael's 
Abbey  in  Normandy,  to  which  it  had  been  granted  by 
William  the  Conqueror.  Its  property  was  extensive  in  the 
east  of  Devon,  and  it  had  some  in  the  neighbouring  county 
of  Somerset.  The  manor  of  Budleigh,  in  the  parish  of  East 
Budleigh,  was  one  of  its  most  ancient  properties,  and  from 
the  time  of  its  transference  to  Syon  came  to  be  called 
Budleigh-Syon,  by  which  name  it  is  still  known.^  The  manor 
and  church  of  Sidmouth,  the  manor  and  church  of  Yarcombe, 
the  manor  of  Axmouth,  together  with  the  right  of  holding 
courts  in  those  places,  were  transferred  to  the  lady  abbess ; 
also  the  church  of  Harpford  and  "  a  certain  portion  in  the 
church  of  Mertok,"  in  Somerset,  as  well  as  chapels  at 
Hetherland  and  Donyngton,  now  usually  called  Dotton,  and 
tenth  of  sheaves  at  Hampton-Pasford,  Normeston,  and 
Patteston.  There  is  also  mention  of  farms  at  Cliston  and 
Hetherland.^  All  this  property  remained  in  possession  of 
Syon  till  the  Dissolution.  Each  succeeding  king  seems  to 
have  confirmed  their  possessions.  Edward  IV.  and  Henry  VI. 
granted  them  new  and  important  charters. 

In  the  Albert  Memorial  Museum,  Exeter,  may  be  seen  an 
interesting  ancient  document  purporting  to  be  such  a  grant 
by  Henry  VIII.s  It  is  endorsed  "  A  charter  for  Otterton  and 
Sydmouth."  It  consists  of  three  paragraphs  in  Latin,  with 
headings  in  English.  The  first  heading  is,  "  A  dyscharge  by 
Kinge  Herry  the  viij^**  off  all  x®^  xv®*  and  all  other 
subsidies."  The  second  is,  "  A  dyscharge  by  Kinge  Herry  viij**» 
ofif  all  maner  of  ToUe  and  Customes ; "  and  the  third,  "That 
the  Kynges  purveyors  ne  takers  schall  not  take  no  goode  ne 
Catells  of  the  seide  Abbesse  ne  of  non  of  her  Tenentes." 

•  Aunoier's  History  of  Syon  Monastery j  p.  5f». 
'  The  manor  house  is  still  called  Syon  House. 

'  Valor  EccUsiasticuSy  26  Hen.  viii.,  apud  Aunoier,  p.  439. 

•  Published  in  The  Western  Antiquary ,  with  an  article  thereon  by  Mr. 
James  Dallas,  f.l.s.,  vol.  vii.,  No.  6. 

VOL.  XXV.  Z 


346  STON  ABBEY. 

At  the  foot,  in  bold  characters,  is  "  Sydemouthe  Infra 
Manerium  de  Otterton."  But  the  document  is  without  seal 
or  date. 

Its  date,  however,  or  the  date  of  the  original  of  which  it 
may  be  a  copy  or  an  unsigned  duplicate,  may  perhaps  be 
supplied  by  reference  to  another  Devonshire  MS.  This  is 
a  memorandum  inserted  among  the  records  of  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Plymouth,  in  the  Plymouth  Black  Book,  t  51.  For 
the  copy  of  it  I  am  indebt^  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  R  N. 
Worth.     It  is  the  following : 

Lordshippes  of  Syon. 
Ottermouthe    )   Tennis  of  the  abbesse  of  Syon  and  her  sue- 
Svemouthe      (   ^^^^^^  s'unts  men  and  tennts  Besydents 

and  not  resydents  been  ITree  throughoute 

the  realme  of  England  of  all  and  all  man! 
of  Toll  and  Customes  and  been  admitted 
within  the  Burghe  of  plymmouthe  and  the 
p'cincte  of  the  same.  By  means  of  Willm 
Slade  one  of  the  tennts  of  the  said  abbes 
that  brought  their  pryueladge  vnder  the 
Kynges  Brode  Scale  &c  the  xx*^  day  august 
the  xij^**  yere  of  the  Eeign  of  King  Henry 
the  viij*^     John  Pounde  m*? 

I  think  we  may  reasonably  believe  that  this  memorandum 
gives  us  the  date  of  the  present  document.  The  charters 
that  have  been  already  published  concerning  Syon  Abbey, 
will  help  us  to  identify  the  text. 

A  curious  feature  in  this  document  is,  that  while  it  pur- 
ports to  be  a  grant  from  Henry  VIII.  it  mentions  the  Queen 
of  P^ngland  as  Elizabeth,  and  another  Elizabeth  as  the 
Abbess  of  Syon.  It  is  known  that  none  of  Henry  VIII's 
wives  was  named  Elizabeth ;  neither  was  there  any  Abbess 
of  Syon,  during  his  reign,  so  called.  We  must  suppose,  with 
Mr.  Dallas,  F.L.S.,  that  it  is  an  "inspeximus"  of  an  earlier 
grant,  too  literally  copied.  Until  the  Charters  of  earlier 
kings,  or  at  least  their  dates,  have  been  examined,  which 
I  have  not  been  able  to  do,  it  cannot  be  decided  to  which  of 
them  is  to  be  attributed  the  deed  that  was  used  in  drawing 
up  the  present  "  inspeximus."  The  names  in  the  text  enable 
us  to  suppose  one  of  two  kings,  Henry  VII.  or  Edward  IV. 
The  Queen-Consort  of  each  of  these  was  named  Elizabeth,  and 
two  ladies  with  the  same  Christian  name,  Elizabeth  Muston 
and  Elizabeth  Gybbs,  were  Abbesses  of  Syon  during  those 
reigns.     But  whichever  it  be,  it  seems  certain  that  the  deed 


BYON   ABBEY.  347 

from  which  the  present  grant  was  taken  was  not  the  original 
Charter,  but  an  "  inspeximus  "  itself.  By  comparing  its  text 
with  a  Charter  of  Endowment  (4th  Henry  V.,)  and  a  Charter 
of  Liberties  (25th  Henry  VI.),  it  is  found  that  passages  in 
the  two  texts  agree  almost  verbally.  The  first  paragraph, 
so  far  as  it  speaks  of  lOths  and  15ths,  is  based  on  the 
Charter  of  Henry  V.  ;•  the  rest  of  the  same  paragraph,  after 
the  introduction,  is  found  almost  word  for  word  in  the  grant 
of  Henry  VI.  ^  The  second  paragraph  enumerates  a  list  of 
privileges  or  exemptions,  which  the  tenants  of  Syon  would 
be  keen  to  vindicate,  as  we  have  seen  that  Wm.  Slade  was. 
This  list  is  taken  word  for  word  from  the  Charter  of  25th 
Henry  VI.,*  granting  them  exemption  "throughout  the 
realm  of  England  from  pannage,  passage,  lastage,  stallage, 
carriage,  piccage,  terrage,  tronage,  pontage,  chiminage,  anchor- 
age, wharfage,  tallage,  and  from  every  other  toll  whatsoever ; 
and  from  all  scot  and  geld,  hidage,  scutage,  danegeld,  home- 
geld  and  carucage ;  and  wapentake,  and  shewing  miskenning, 
swamoth  (?  swainmote) ;  and  from  carrying  treasure,  and 
wardpenny,  wardcorn,  aver  -  penny,  borthal  -  penny,  and 
trithing-penny;  and  from  kayage,  murage,  paage,  barbicanage, 
girthbreche,  forstal,  homesoken ;  blodewyte,  hengwyte,  fight- 
wyte,  lambwyte  (?  lairewyte),  and  from  all  like  custom." 
The  third  paragraph  of  this  document  is  also  found  almost 
word  for  word  in  the  Charter  of  Liberties  (25th  Henry  VI.).' 
The  document  contains  some  errors,  orthographical  and 
grammatical. 

From  this  document  we  see  that  Henry  VIII.  was  in  the 
earlier  years  of  his  reign  a  benefactor  to  the  monastery,  like 
each  of  his  predecessors,  with  whom,  whether  they  repre- 
sented the  red  or  the  white  rose,  love  for  Syon  seems  to  have 
been  a  tradition.  Another  evidence  of  Henry's  early  favour 
is  found  in  the  catalogue  of  the  old  Syon  library,  still  pre- 
served at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge.  There  may 
be  seen  an  entry  telling  us  that  the  royal  author  presented 
to  the  Syon  library  his  book — The  Assertion  of  the  Seven 
Sacraments  against  Luther,  But  the  end  was  soon  to  come. 
In  May,  1539,  a  lease  was  granted  of  the  rectory  of  Sidmouth 
by  the  Abbess  Agnes  Jordan,  to  John  Coswell,  gent.,  at  a 
yearly  rent  of  £51  17s.  7d.*  It  is  probably  the  last  deed  of 
importance  before  the  suppression  of  the  Abbey,  which  took 

*  See  Appendix  to  this  paper,  No.  III.,  and  No.  I.  (6). 

*  See  Appendix  to  this  paper,  No.  I.  (a),  and  No.  II.  (a). 
'  See  Appendix  to  this  paper,  No.  I.  (c),  and  No.  II.  {h). 
'  See  Appendix  to  this  paper,  No.  I.  (rf),  and  No.  II.  (c). 

*  AuNOiER'd  History ^  p.  83. 

z  2 


348  SYON   ABBEY. 

place  before  the  close  of  this  year.  Perhaps  it  was  a  lingeriDg 
tenderDess  for  the  community,  or  it  may  have  been  the  diffi- 
culty in  finding  a  pretext,  that  delayed  the  blow  so  long. 
Syon  was  seized  by  the  king,  and  the  "  daughters  of  Syon  " 
were  dispersed. 

At  the  time  of  the  suppression,  the  yearly  revenue  of  the 
monastery  from  its  Devonshire  property  was  estimated  at 
£177  16s.  9Jd.  This  was  about  one-tenth  of  its  whole 
income.  The  thought  sometimes  occurs  how  the  great  monas- 
teries used  their  wealth,  and  whether  the  poor  benefited 
much.  With  regard  to  Syon,  we  have  good  grounds  to 
believe  that  it  was  so.  "Every  year,"  says  Thos.  Walsingham,^ 
"before  the  feast  of  All  Saints  they  must  reckon  and  fore- 
cast the  provisions  that  will  be  necessary  for  the  year  to 
come,  and  whatever  remains  over,  either  of  money  or  of 
food,  must  be  given  to  the  poor  on  the  day  following  All 
Saints  {i,e.  All  Souls).  If  ever  the  provision  for  the  coming 
year  should  seem  insufficient,  then  as  much  as  may  be 
necessary  can  be  added  from  the  food  and  money  of  the 
current  year,  and  no  more,  if  the  Abbess  and  Confessor  of 
the  place  would  avoid  endangering  their  souls."  Among  the 
articles  of  episcopal  visitation  for.  the  monastery,  the  bishop 
has  to  examine,  "If  after  sufficient  endowment  and  byldyng 
of  the  Chirche  and  monastery,  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
yere  presente  and  of  the  yere  nexte  to  come  rekenedde,  all 
that  remaynethe  ouer  be  deled  every  yere  to  the  pooere  as 
the  rewle  wyll;"®  also  "if  dewe  distribucion  of  the  releves 
and  broken  mete  be  made  in  dewe  time."  This  was  the 
rule  at  Syon,  and  there  is  no  evidence  that  it  was  more 
honoured  in  the  breach  than  in  the  observance. 

In  these  days,  when  so  much  is  written  and  said  as  to 
the  rights,  duties,  and  position  of  women,  it  is  interesting 
to  observe  what  positions  they  held  in  these  monasteries 
founded  500  years  ago.  According  to  the  Eule,  "The  Abbess 
is  the  hede  and  lady  of  the  monastery."  ^  She  is  spoken  of 
as  "  the  sovereyne."  All  deeds  are  in  her  name,  and  royal 
charters  are  addressed  to  her.  She  has  the  responsibility 
and  administration  of  the  temporal  goods  of  the  monastery, 
but  can  look  to  the  head  of  the  Brothers  for  advice  and 
help.  She  appoints  the  office-bearers  among  the  Sisters,  and 
some    of    these    help    her    in   the   administration    of    the 

•  Ypodigma  Neustrio!,  sub  aDno  1414. 

'  Additions  to  the  Eule,   an  English  MS.   of  the  fifteenth  century,    in 
British  Museum,  published  by  Aungier,  History ,  p.  248. 
'  Ibidem. 


SYON   ABBEY.  349 

temporalities  of  the  whole  monastery.  Two  Treasuresses 
have  charge  of  "  all  the  minymentes  of  the  monastery,  and 
temporal  godes,  in  gold,  sylver,  and  other  geftes/'®  The 
Chambress  "schall  have  all  the  clothes  in  her  warde,  that 
perteyne  to  the  bodyly  araymente  of  sustres  and  brethren."  ® 
The  Cellaress  "  schall  purvey  for  mete  and  drynke,  for  seke 
and  hole ;  for  seruantes  of  householde  outwarde ;  for  bodyly 
fode  of  man,  in  the  bakhows,  brewhouse,  kychen,  buttry, 
etc.  outewarde  and  in  warde;  for  strangers  and  dwellers; 
attendyng  diligently  that  the  napery  and  all  other  thinge  in 
her  office  be  honest,  profitable  and  pleasaunte  to  al."  ^  But 
in  spirituals  the  Brothers  enjoyed  independence  as  a  com- 
munity, owning  subjection  only  to  the  Confessor  General. 
He  however  was  elected  by  the  Sisters  as  well  as  the 
Brothers ;  the  Abbess  by  the  Sisters  alone.  In  one  thing 
the  Bule  is  explicit  that  the  Sisters  were  not  permitted  to 
interfere,  viz.,  the  office  of  the  Brothers  in  their  priestly 
character.  "The  observances  at  the  autyrs  longeth  to  the 
Brethren  and  not  to  the  Sustres."  * 

Syon  was  seized,  and  its  inhabitants  dispersed,  but  only 
for  a  time.  Unlike  other  monasteries,  they  rallied ;  and,  as 
in  the  course  of  events  they  have  in  late  years  come  to 
Devonshire,  it  may  not  be  without  interest  to  trace  by  what 
steps  they  came  here.  The  Convent  has  an  interesting  MS. 
entitled  "An  Account  of  the  Travels,  Dangers,  and 
Wonderful  Deliverances  of  the  English  Nuns  of  the  famous 
Monastery  of  Syon."  From  it  we  learn  a  history  which 
stands  unique  in  the  annals  of  English  monasticism. 

After  a  short  dispersion,  a  number  of  the  Sisters,  under 
the  guidance  of  Sister  Catherine  Palmer,  sought  refuge  with 
the  Sisters  of  their  Order  at  Dermonde,  in  Flanders.  There 
they  were  visited  by  Cardinal  Pole,  and  through  his 
mediation  they  \yere  re-established  to  the  number  of 
eighteen  sisters  and  three  friars  in  the  old  home  at  Syon  in 
the  reign  of  Queen  Mary. 

Syon  had  in  the  meantime  been  the  scene  of  notable 
events.  After  the  suppression  it  was  at  first  kept  in  the 
hands- of  the  King.  Here  his  queen,  Catherine  Howard,  was 
imprisoned,  and  from  hence  led  to  execution.  Afterwards,  it 
passed  into  the  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Somerset,  till  his 
attainder  and  execution.  It  was  from  this  place  that  Lady 
Jane  Grey  was  led  to  the  Tower.  Next  Syon  House  passed 
into  the  possession  of  Lord  Dudley ;  the  very  year  he  took 

•  Additions  to  the  Rule.  •  Ibidem.  *  Ibidem. 

'  Ibidem^  chap.  xxii. 


350  SYON   ABBEY. 

possession  he  was  beheaded  for  treason,  and  Syon  again 
reverted  to  the  Crown.  By  Mary,  as  has  been  said,  it  was 
restored  to  the  nuns. 

But  their  sojourn  in  the  old  home  was  not  for  long.  For, 
on  the  accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  they  had  again  to  go 
into  exile.  This  time,  however,  their  withdrawal  was  under 
more  favourable  conditions.  The  Spanish  Ambassador  inter- 
ceded for  them  with  the  Queen,  and  as  a  result  they  were 
granted  permission  to  take  away  with  them  as  many  of  their 
valuables  as  they  could.  The  Queen's  permission  was  obtained 
for  their  journey,  and  they  once  more  sought  shelter  with 
their  sisters  at  Dermonde.  Here  they  remained  in  the  same 
house,  but  as  a  distinct  community,  till  a  house  was  given 
them  at  Zurich  Zee  in  Zealand.  This  house  proved  to  be 
unsuitable,  so  they  migrated  to  another  near  Antwerp,  and  a 
year  later  to  Mechlin,  to  a  house  given  them  by  Sir  Francis 
Englefield.  But  the  political  and  religious  circumstances  of 
the  time  were  too  unfavourable  to  allow  them  a  settled  home 
in  that  country.  When  they  had  been  at  Mechlin  seven 
years,  the  city  was  taken  by  the  Prince  of  Orange.  The  MS. 
speaks  gratefully  of  the  good  offices  to  the  community  of 
some  Protestant  English  officers  in  the  Prince's  army.  To 
these  gentlemen  their  distressed  countrywomen  owed,  during 
the  scenes  that  accompanied  the  capture,  the  preservation  of 
their  lives,  and  finally  their  escape  from  the  country.  Driven 
from  the  Low  Countries,  they  turned  to  France  and  found  a 
home  at  Rouen,  in  1580.  While  here,  their  necessities  led 
them  to  send  two  fathers,  John  Marsh  and  John  Vivian,^  into 
Spain.  They  were  returning  from  that  country,  and  had 
reached  Rochelle,  when  they  fell  into  the  hands  of  an  English 
captain  named  Nichols,  whom  the  MS.  calls  a  "  pirate."  He 
thought  it  right  to  take  them  prisoners,  and  convey  them  to 
England  as  traitors  to  the  Queen.  I  mention  this  because 
Nichols's  destination,  if  not  his  home,  was  a  Devonshire 
port — it  was  more  than  a  port  of  call,  apparently. 

**  Upon  their  arrival  at  Barnstaple  they  were  set  on  horseback, 
with  their  leggs  tied  under  their  horses*  belly,  &  so  carried  to 
London,  y®  tyrant  Nichols  always  going  before  them,  and  when 
they  came  towards  London,  or  any  other  town  or  city,  he  cried  to 
y*  people :  *  Traitors,  Traitors,  Monks,  and  Priests ;  why  do  you 
not  all  come  out  to  see  the  Traitors,  Monks,  and  Priests  1 ' " 

The  fathers  were  lodged  in  the  Marshalsea,  but  were 
released  through  the  influence  of  the  Governor  of  Rouen. 

'  Vivian  is  entered  in  the  Registry  of  the  College,  Douay,  where  he 
studied,  as  "  Exoniensis." 


SYON   ABBEY.  351 

But  to  return  to  the  convent  Its  stay  at  Eouen  lasted  four- 
teen years,  from  1580  to  1594.  In  the  latter  year  the  city 
was  taken  by  Henry  of  Navarre,  and  it  became  necessary 
for  them  to  withdraw.  They  chartered  a  Flemish  vessel  and 
sailed  for  Lisbon,  where  they  arrived  on  the  20th  of  May, 
being  twenty  sisters,  five  friars,  and  one  lay-brother.  Here 
the  community  remained  for  267  years,  always  preserving 
its  English  character,  their  convent  being  called  Syon  House, 
in  memory  of  the  old  home  at  Isleworth.  Not  more  than 
one  or  two  Portuguese  ladies  were  ever  admitted  into  the 
community.  The  last  Greneral  Confessor  died  in  1695,  and 
since  that  time  there  have  been  no  professed  brothers  of 
this  monastery. 

In  1809,  owing  to  the  spread  of  the  Bevolution  and 
consequent  insecurity,  an  attempt  was  made  to  remove  the 
community  to  England.  For  this  purpose  a  colony  of  about 
half  of  their  number  came  home,  but  they  did  not  succeed 
in  establishing  themselves.  They  brought  back  with  them 
many  treasured  relics  of  old  Syon,  which  had  to  be  sold  to 
meet  their  liabilities,  among  them  the  famous  Syon  Cope, 
now  in. the  South  Kensington  Museum,  and  several  other 
articles  of  interest.  The  sisters  that  remained  at  Lisbon 
had  their  convent  turned  into  a  temporary  hospital  for  sick 
and  wounded  soldiers  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  who  in  the 
same  year,  1809,  sailed  from  Plymouth  to  begin  his  second 
command  in  the  Peninsula. 

In  1861,  the  time  seemed  to  be  come  for  the  long-exiled 
community,  the  only  surviving  representative  of  the  old 
English  monasteries,  to  return  home.  The  sisters  were 
escorted  down  the  Tagus  in  the  King  of  Portugal's  own 
barge;  they  embarked,  and  landed  at  Southampton,  their 
first  abode  being  at  Spettisbury  in  Dorset.  But  they  appear 
never  to  have  looked  upon  this  as  a  permanent  home.  A 
site  for  a  convent  was  given  them  by  Evan  Baillie,  Esq.,  of 
Filleigb,  Chudleigh,  and  to  this  house  they  removed  in 
June,  1887. 

Among  the  articles  which  the  nuns  at  Chudleigh  cherish 
as  relics  of  old  Syon  is  a  marble  statue  of  St.  Brigit,  and  an 
iron  cross,  of  which  the  tradition  is  that  it  came  from  the 
convent  church  at  Isleworth.  A  pretty  story  is  related  by 
Aungier,  that  when  a  certain  Duke  of  Northumberland,  the 
then  possessor  of  the  ancient  Syon  House,  visited  the 
convent  at  Lisbon,  the  nuns  showed  him  the  keys  of  old 
Syon.  "But,"  said  the  Duke,  "I  have  changed  the  locks 
since  then.*'     There   is,  however,  no   tradition   among   the 


352  8Y0N   ABBEY. 

present  sisters  that  they  ever  took  with  them  the  keys  of  the 
old  house. 

The  last  acquired,  though  not  least  interesting,  of  the  links 
that  bind  them  with  the  past,  is  a  coin  which  was  dug  up  on 
their  present  premises,  shortly  before  the  property  became 
theirs.  A  workman  was  digging  a  drain  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Mr.  Baillie,  when  this  coin  was  dug  up.  On 
examination  it  proved  to  be  a  gold  half-noble  of  the  original 
founder  of  Old  Syon,  Henry  V.  It  is  in  a  state  of  almost 
perfect  preservation.  It  weigns  49^  grains,  and  bears  the 
motto,  "  Domine  ne  in  furore  arguas  me." 

In  conclusion,  I  would  acknowledge  my  obligations,  in 
addition  to  Mr.  Worth,  to  our  leanied  President,  who  was 
the  first  to  mention  Syon  Abbey  to  this  Association  at  the 
Barnstaple  meeting,  for  his  kindness  in  giving  information, 
and  to  other  gentlemen. 


APPENDIX. 

No.  I. 
"A  Charter  for  Otterton  and  Sydmouth." 

(Id  the  Albert  Memorial  Museum,  Exeter.) 

A  dyscharge  by  Ki/rige  Herry  the  Viij"*  off  all  of*  xif*  and  all 

other  Subsidies. 

(a)  Henricus  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Fransie  et  Dominus 
hibernie  vniuersis  et  singulis  Justiciariis  Excaetoribus  Vici- 
comitibus  Prepositis  Ballivis  Constabulariis  pinsoribus  ac  aliis 
officiariis  ministris  et  fidelibus  siiis  qiiibuscunque  ad  quos 
presentes  littere  penieiierint  Salutim,  cum  vicisimo  sexto  die 
Januarii  ultimo  preterito  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  per  Cartam 
nostram  concesserimus  dilectis  nobis  in  christo  Elizabethe  nunc 
Abbatisse  monasterii  Sancti  Salvatoris  ac  Sanctarum  Marie 
uirginis  et  Brigitte  de  Syon  ordinis  Sancti  Augustini  Sancti 
Saluatoris  nuncupati  ad  laudem  gloriam  et  honorem  predictorum 
Sancti  Saluatoris  ac  Sanctarum  Marie  uirginis  et  Brigitte  de  Syon 
infra  manerium  de  Istellworth  [Isleworth]  in  Comitutu  niiddlesex 
ordinati  fundati  et  erecti  et  ejusdem  loci  Conventui  quod  ipse  et 
successores  sui  ac  omnes  homines  tenentes  residentes  ac  alii 
residentes  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  de  et  in  omnibus  et  singulis 
dominiis  maneriis  Prioratoribus  terris  tenementis  Feodis  et 
possessionibus    quibuscunque    ipsarum    Abbatisse    et    Conuentus 


STON  ABBEY.  353 

et  successorum  suorum  eis  tunc  collatis  et  extiinc  [conferendis] 
imperpetuum  haberent  et  tenerent  et  quilibet  eorum  haberet  et 
teneret  omnia  et  singula  domos  et  edificia  sua  que  tunc  habuerunt 
et  extunc  essent  habituri  quieta  deliberacione  et  Hospitacione 
senescallorum  Marescallorum  Hospitatorum  et  aliorum  Offici- 
ariorum  et  Ministrorum  Hospieii  nostri  ac  heredum  nostrorum  et 
Elizabethe  Consortes  nostre  Karissime  regina  Anglie  omniumque 
procerum  et  magnatum  Regni  nostri  Anglie  et  quod  {b)  prelate 
Abbatisse  et  Conuentus  et  successores  sui  extunc  imperpetuum 
essent  quieti  et  exonerati  erga  nos  et  heredes  nostros  de  omnibus 
omnimodis  Decimis  Quintisdecimis  ac  alii  quotis  et  imposses- 
sionibus  quibuscunque  tam  per  clerum  Regni  nostri  AngHe  aut 
Cantuariensis  provincie  per  se  seu  Eboracensis  provincie  per  se 
vel  per  communitatem  Regni  nostri  predicti  aut  Gives  seu  Bur- 
genses  Civitatum  et  Burgorum  Comitatuum  ipeius  Regni  ante 
ea  tempora  qualitercunque  concessis  et  nobis  quoquomodo  debitis 
pertinentibus  sine  spectantibus  et  quod  quandocunque  clerus  regni 
nostri  predicti  aut  Cantuariensis  provincie  per  se  vel  Eboracensis 
provincie  per  se  Decimam  subsidium  vel  aliam  quotam  quam- 
cunque  seu  aliquam  inde  parcellam  de  bonis  suis  spiritualibus  et 
ecclcsiasticis  aut  communitatis  Regni  nostri  predicti  aut  Gives  aut 
Burgenses  predictorum  civitatum  et  Burgorum  Decimam  Quin- 
tandecimam  subsidium  seu  aliam  quotam  sive  Impossessionem 
quamcunque  seu  aliquam  inde  parcellam  de  bonis  suis  sen 
teraporalibus  seu  mobilibus  aut  terris  tenementis  seu  reditibus 
suis,  etc. 

A   Dyacharge  by   Kynge    Herry    Viij*^  off  all  maner  of  Tolls 

and  Customes, 

(c)  Et  quod  prefata  Abbatissa  et  Gonuentus  et  successores  sui 
ac  omnes  homines  tenentes  residentes  et  non  residentes  ac  alii 
residentes  predicti  ac  omnia  bona  Gatalla  et  mercandise  eorumdem 
et  cuiuslibet  eorum  sint  quieti  per  totum  Regnum  nostrum  Anglie 
de  omnimodis  Pannagio  Passagio  I^stagio  StalJagio  Cariagio  Picagio 
Terragio  Tronagio  Pontagio  Ghuminagio  Ankcragio  Wharf  agio 
Tallagio  et  de  quocunque  alio  theolonio  et  de  omni  Scotto  et  Geldo 
Hidagio  Scutagio  Danegeldo  et  de  Homegeldo  et  Garucagio  ac 
Wepyntake  et  Shewyng  myskennyng  Swamoth  et  de  Thesauro 
Ducendo  ac  Wardpeny  Wardcorne  Auerpeny  Hundredpeny 
Borthalpeny,  Trithingpeny  et  de  Kaiagio  Muragio  Paagio  Barbi- 
ganagio  Girthbreche  Forstal  Homesokyn  Blodewyte  Fyghtwyte 
Hengwyte  Lambwyte  et  de  omni  huiusmodi  consuetudine  etc. 

That  the  Kynges  purveyors  ne  Takers  schall  not  take  no  goode  ne 
Oatells  of  the  aeide  Abbesse  ne  of  none  of  her  Tenentes, 

{d)  Et  ulterius  concessi  prefate  Abbatisse  et  Gonuentui  et  successo- 
ribus  suis  ac  omnibus  tenentibus  residentibus  et  non  residentibus 


354  STON   ABBEY. 

ac  aliis  residentibus  predictb  quod  prouisores  captores  sive 
emptores  Hoepicii  nostri  heredum  seu  Buccessornm  noetrorum 
neo  aliquis  alius  nulla  bona  neque  Catalla  predicte  Abbatisse  et 
Conuentus  et  eorum  successores  Tenentes  residentes  uel  non 
lesidentes  seu  aliquorum  aliorum  residentes  Predictos  pro 
prouisione  Hospicii  nostri  nee  heredum  uel  successorum  nostrorum 
nee  alicuius  alterius  Capiant  seu  Capiat  sed  quod  Abbatisse  predicte 
et  conuentus  et  eorum  successores  ac  omnes  homines  tenentes 
residentes  ac  alii  residentes  predicti  ac  non  eorum  firmarii  de 
provisione  huiusmodi  quieti  sint  et  penitus  exonerati  imperpetuum. 

"  Sjdemouthe  infra  Manerium  de  Otterton." 

No.  II. 

Extract  from  "Carta  de  diversis  libertatibas  etc  AbbatisssB  et  Conventai  de 
Syon  eoocessia."  (Rot  Cart.  25  Hen.  VI.  d.  17  in  Tun*.  London. 
Printed  in  Aunqisr'r  History  of  Syon  Monastery,  p.  411.) 

(a)  *' Concessimus  Margarctse,  Abbatissee  de  Syon  .  .  .  et 
ejusdem  loci  conventui,  et  successoribus  suis,  ac  omnibus  et 
singulis  hominibus  tenentibus  residentibus  et  non  residentibus 
ac  aliis  residentibus  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  de  et  in  omnibus  et 
singulis  dominiis  terris  tenementis  feodis  et  possessionibus  ipsorum 
Abbatissa  et  conventus  et  successorum  suorum  eis  jam  coUatis  et 
imposterum  conferendis,  quod  prsddicti  Abbatissa  et  Conventus  et 
successores  sui  ac  homines  tenentes  residentes  et  non  residentes  ac 
alii  residentes  prsedicti  imperpetuum  habeant  et  .teneant,  et 
quilibet  eorum  habeat  et  teneat,  omnia  et  singula  domos  et 
edificia  sua  quae  jam  habent  vel  sunt  habituri  quieta  de  delibera- 
tione  Senescalli  Marescalli  Herbegeari  et  aliorum  officiariorum  et 
niinistrorum  nostrorum  haeredum  et  successorum  nostrorum  ac 
omnium  aliorum  officiariorum  et  ministrorum  consortis  nostras 
Reginae  Angliie  et  successorum  suorum  et  Rliorum  nostrorum,  et 
filiorum  hseredum  nostrorum  ac  omnium  procerum  et  magnatum 
et  omnium  aliorum  quorumcumque.  .  .  . 

{h)  "Et  quod  prsefati  Abbatissa  et  Conventus,  et  successores 
sui  ac  homines  tenentes,  residentes  et  non  residentes,  ac  alii 
residentes  prsedicti,  ac  omnia  bona  catalla  et  mercandise  eorumdem, 
et  cujuslibet  eorum,  sint  quieti  per  totum  regnum  nostrum  AnglisB 
de  omnibus  pannagio,  passagio,  lestagio,  stallagio,  coriagio,  picagio, 
terragio,  tronagio,  pontagio,  chiminagio,  ankeragio,  wharfagio, 
tallagio,  et  de  quocumque  alio  theolonio,  et  de  omni  scotto  et 
geldo,  hidagio,  scutagio,  danegeldo,  honiegeldo,  et  carucagio,  ac 
wapentake,  et  shewyng,  mykennyng,  swanmotes,  et  de  tliesauro 
ducendo,  ac  wardpeny,  wardcorne,  averpeny,  hundredpeny,  et 
borthalpeny,  et  trithingpeny,  et  de  kaiagio,  muragio,  paagio, 
barbicanagio,  girthbreche,  forstall,  homesoken,  blodewyte,  heng- 
wyte,  fightwyte,  lamewyte  (?lairewyte)  et  de  omni  hujusmodi 
consuetudine.  .  .  . 


STON  ABBEY.  355 

(c)  "  Et  ulterius  concessimus  prsefatis  Abbatissao  et  Conyentui  et 
successoribus  suis  ac  omnibus  tenentibus  residentibus  et  non 
residentibus  ac  aliis  residentibus  prsedictis  quod  provisores  et 
captores  sive  emptores  bospicii  nostri  nee  provisores  et  captores 
sive  emptores  bospicii  et  successorum  nee  aliquis  aliis  nulla  bona 
neque  catalla  prsedictorum  Abbatissffi  et  Conventus  et  successorum 
suorum  tenentium  residentium  vel  non  residentium  seu  aliquorum 
aliorum  residentium  prsBdictorum  pro  provisione  bospicii  nostri 
nee  beredum  vel  successorum  nostrorum  nee  alicujus  alterius 
capiant  sive  capiat:  sed  quod  predicti  Abbatissa  et  Conventus 
et  eorum  successores  ac  tenentes  residentes  et  non  residentes, 
ac  alii  residentes  prsBdicti  necnon  eorum  firmarii  quieti  sint  et 
penitus  ezonerati  imperpetuum." 


No.  IIL 

Extract  from  the  "Concessio  facta  Epd  DuDelmensi,  etc,  in  tuam 
quarandam  Religiosamm  infra  parachiam  de  Twickenham/'  etc  (Rot. 
Pat.  4  Hen.  V.  m.  22  in  Tarr.  Lond.  Translated  by  Aunoibr,  Eist.  qf 
SyoUf  p.  35.) 

"We  have  granted  to  the  aforesaid  Bishop,  etc.  [trustees  for 
the  Abbess  and  Convent]  that  whensoever  the  clergy  of  our  realm 
of  England,  or  of  the  province  of  Canterbury  by  itself,  or  of  the 
province  of  York  by  itself,  shall  grant  a  tenth,  subsidy,  or  other 
quota  of  their  spiritual  and  ecclesiastical  goods,  or  the  commonalty 
of  the  counties  of  our  realm,  or  the  citizens  or  burgesses  of  the 
cities  and  boroughs  of  the  said  counties  of  the  same  realm,  shall 
grant  a  tenth,  subsidy,  or  other  quota  whatsoever,  of  their  goods 
temporal  or  moveable  or  of  their  lands  tenements  or  rents,  to  us 
or  our  heirs,  in  any  wise  whatsoever  .  .  .  the  aforesaid  priories 
etc.  [held  in  trust  for  the  Abbess  of  Syon]  shall  not  be  taxed  to 
the  use  of  us  or  our  heirs,  nor  anything  of  the  tenths,  fifteenths, 
subsidies,  impositions,  or  other  like  quota  or  tallages  granted,  or 
to  be  granted  be  levied  in  the  said  priories,  etc.  .  .  .  but  of 
tenths,  fifteenths,  subsidies,  impositions  and  other  quota  and 
tallages  of  this  kind  they  shall  be  for  ever  quit." 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BEIEFS,  1714-1774 

BT     BEV.     J.      INGLE     DBBDOB. 
(Bead  at  Torquay,  July,  1803.) 


A  BRIEF  ia  the  technical  term  to  denote  Letters  Patent  granted 
for  the  collecting  of  charitable  benevolence  to  poor  sufferers 
by  fire  or  other  casualties.  These  were  royal  documents, 
having  a  wide  scope.  The  word  also  includes  the  authority 
granted  for  a  like  purpose  by  the  bishop  of  a  diocese :  these 
would  be  restricted  within  the  boundaries  thereof.  Mention 
is  made  of  them  in  the  Rubric  after  the  Nicene  Greed.  This 
list,  printed  by  the  kind  permission  of  the  Rev.  Alfred 
Freer  Torry,  the  late  rector  of  Marwood,  is  a  very  remarkable 
one.  On  the  3rd  of  June,  1714,  the  Rev.  Richard  Harding 
was  instituted  to  the  rectory,  and  he  at  once  commenced  this 
record  in  one  of  the  volumes  of  his  parish  register.  For 
sixty  years  it  runs  on,  the  first  fifty  being  kept  by  the  rector, 
and  the  latter  ten  years  by  his  curates.  Mr.  Harding  was 
buried  on  the  13th  of  May,  1782,  having  reigned  as  rector 
for  sixty-eight  years,  and  therefore  was  regarded  as  an 
incumbent,  not  only  tlie  father  of  the  diocese,  but  probably 
of  the  kingdom.  Places  on  whose  behalf  these  collections 
were  made  may  be  interested  to  know  the  facts  of  a  history 
now  possibly  forgotten.  At  least,  they  give  dates  and  many 
estimates  of  church  restorations  and  rebuilding.  I  have 
never  seen  any  thing  of  the  kind  so  full  and  interesting. 
The  only  approach  towards  so  extensive  a  list  seems  to  be 
the  case  of  Sandwich  in  Kent.  Burn,  in  his  Histoi-y  of 
Parish  Begisters,  says  concerning  this,  "The  Register  contains 
an  account  of  the  sums  collected  on  235  briefs  between  1707 
and  1736.*' 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEF& 


357 


Bound  in  the  Marwood  Eeg.  No.  2  is  this  fall  list  of 
Briefs,  1714  to  1774,  with  the  sums  collected. 


[1714] 

Collected  upon  a  Brief  for  Blanford-Forum  in  y* 
County  of  Dorset,  upon  Ace*  of  Fire,  on  y* 
22^  Day  of  June,  1714. 

Dorchester  in  Dorset  upon  Ace*  of  Fire.  Collected 
upon  the  Brief  on  y*  18"»  of  July,  1714. 

Shipwash  Church  in  Devon.     Collected  upon  y 
Brief  Aug'  15'M714 

A  Brief  for  Leighton  Church  in  Salop.  Collected 
upon  it  Aug:  29.  1714. 

St.  John  Baptitsts  [sic]  Church  in  Southover,  Sussex 
Collected  upon  y«  Brief,  Sept  26.  1714     . 

Burslem  Church  in  Stafford  [shire].     A  Brief 
Collected  upon  it,  October  24.  1714. 

Torksey  Church  Line:  Damage  1182£ 

Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Nov.  21.  1714.    . 

Bottisham,  Cambr:  Loss  by  Fire  3659JB 
Collected  upon  y«  Brief  Dec:  26.  1714       . 

Buthin  Church,  Denb:  Damage  3128£ 
Collected  upon  y"  Brief  Jan:  23^  1714      . 

"Warwick  &  Preston  Baggott,  Warw:  Loss  by  Fire 
1162£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief:  Febr:  13.  1714    . 

Will:  Bowyer,  London,  Loss  by  Fire  5146£ 
Collected  upon  y«  Brief.  March  20.  1714  . 

1715 

All  Saints  Church  in  Derby,  Damage  5252;£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief,  May  y*  I*' 

St.  Peters  Church  in  Chester,  Damage  1590^*^ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  May  29    . 

New  Shoreham  Church,  Sussex,  Damage  2203J& 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  June  19   . 

St.  Mary's  Church  in  y*  City  of  Lichfield  Datnage 
4966£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  July  31    . 

Dryneton  in  Staff:  &  Shinbridge  in  Glouc:  Lose  by 
fire  1378£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Aug.  28   . 

Kentford,  Suff:  Loss  by  Fire  1057£ 
Collected  upon  y'  Brief  Sept.  11"" 


00  11 

0  3 

0  4 

0  2 

0  4 

0  2 

0  2 

0  3 

0  4 

0  2 


0     4 


2 

0 
9 
6 
3 

7 
2 
5 
4obq 

Sob 


0     3     1 


6 

2     8ob 
4     2 

4     lob 

2  3bbq 

3  Sob 


1     1     8obq 


358 


THS  IUlRWOOD  list  OF  BRIBTS. 


1715 

St  Giles's  Church  in  Newcastle  under  Line  Dam 
age  3115£ 
CoUected  upon  this  Brief  Not.  27. 

Blymhill  Chuich  [Staff:]  Damage  U85£ 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  Jan.  15. 

Liverpoole  in  Lane:  Loss  by  Fire  3005£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Feb.  5«^    . 

Cowkeepers  Brief — Loss  24539£ 
CoUected  upon  j*  Brief  Feb.  23    . 


£  t.  d. 

0  2     7 

0  2     8 

0  2  lOobq 

1  1     2 


[1716] 

New  Church  at  Sunderland.  Charge  2800£  . 
Collected  upon  j*  Brief  Apr.  29  1716 

Mitcham  &  Lythwood.  Loss  by  Fire  1-442X  . 
Collected  upon  y^  Brief  May  13.  1716       . 


1716 

Thames  Street  Loss  by  Fire  7639£  . 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Jany  17.  1716 

Upton  &  Tempsford,  Loss  by  Fire  1940£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief,  July  8,  1716 

Walkerith  [Line:]  &  Wrexham,  Loss  by  fire  1 425£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief,  Aug.  12.  1716 

John  Aron,  Loss  by  Fire  1070£ 

Collected  upon  y*  Brief,  Sept.  9.  1716 

Spalding,  Loss  by  Fire  20560£ 

Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Oct.  7.  1716 


Ottery  St  Mary  in  Dev.  Loss  by  Fire  i466£ 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  Nov.  18.  1716 

Houndsditch,  Loss  by  Fire  5383£    . 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Jan:  6,  1716 

Ridgmon't  in  Bedford,  Loss  by  Fire  1578£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief,  Jan:  20,  1716 

Chelmarsh  &  Ry ton— Charge  2126£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief,  March  17,  1716 


:}  ^  3 

6ob 

:}  ^  2 

3 

1  15 

iq 

1  0  3 

5ob 

1  0  3 

3obq 

^j  0  2 

3ob 

*|  0  3 

Oob 

•|  0  7 

2 

0  19 

3q 

•|  0  4 

0 

1  0  3 

lob 

1  0  2 

7ob 

•  1  0  2 

3 

0  12     2 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIBES. 


369 


[1717] 

Brief  for  y*  reformed  Churches  in  Poland  &c. 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  May  9,  1717     . 


;} 


£      «.       d. 

1     3    8ob 


1717 

Oldbury  Church  in  Gloucester,  Charge  1163£  &c 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  June  2.  1717    . 

Harstoft  in  Derby,  Loss  by  Fire  1426JB  &  upw^" 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  June  23,  1717 

Helthwaite  Hill  &c  in  y*  Westriding  of  Yorke 
Whittington  in  Stafford  Loss  by  Fire  1287£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  July  7,  1717 

Great  Bedwin  in  Wilts,  Loss  by  Fire  2485£ 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  Aug.  11:  1717  . 

Frampton  in  Dorset,  Loss  by  Fire  1560J&     . 
Collected  upon  y«  Brief,  Oct.  13.  1717       . 


Arnold  Church  &  Steeple  [Wotts]  Charge  1290£ 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  Feb.  16.  1717   . 

EUingham  &  Wisbech,  Loss  by  Fire  IGllJB  . 
Collected  upon  this  Brief  Jan.  19.  1717    . 

Benenden  Church  &  Steeple  [Kent]  Loss  by  Fire 
1552£ 
Collected  upon  y*  Brief  Dec.  8.  1717. 

Putley  &  Jay,  Loss  by  Fire  1291£  . 

Collected  upon  y'  Brief  March  23.  1717    . 

1718 

Penreth  Church  in  Cumberland.     Collected  on  it 
Newland  &  Chepping-wiccombe.     Collected  on  it 
Arely  Church  in  Staffordshire.     Collected    . 
St.  Mary,  Newington  in  Surrey.     Collected 
Cherrington  Com  Warwick.     Collected 
Little  St.  Andrews  Barnwell  in  Cambridge.  Collected 
Ashbome  &  Mapleton  Churches.     Collected 
Grindon  Church  in  Stafford.     Collected 
Willcott  <fe  Ensden  in  coin  Salop.     Collected  on  it 
Sheriff  Hales  Church  in  Stafford.     Collected 

May  5.  1 7 1 9.  Kec**  then  of  M'  Harding  One  Pound 
tliree  shillings  &  eightpence  half-penry  for 
these  ten  Briefs  here  last  recited, 

by  me  John  Lycbtt. 


t" 

2 

Sob 

\o 

1 

11 

[» 

3 

0 

[» 

2 

4 

h 

2 

8 

0 

12 

7ob 

\    0 

3 

Oob 

0     2     5 


0     4     8 


0 

2 

7ob 

0 

12 

9 

0 

2 

8 

0 

2 

8ob 

0 

1 

6ob 

0 

3 

9 

0 

1 

Hob 

0 
0 
0 

2 
2 
2 

8q 
llq 
5ob 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

6 

360 


THB  JfAKWOOD  LIST  OF  BKHTBl 


1719 

Old  Radnor  dEHal>berij,  Lew  bjF.  £12^9.  Col- 
lected 

Dolgellj  Church  in  Com'  Merioneth.     CoUected  . 

Old  WesUjn  in  Com'  Huntingdon.     CoUesct«d 

Deeping  St.  Jun^  Church.  Collected  for  this 
Bnef 

Headington  in  Com'  Ozon.     Collected  for  this 


1721 


Lcmth  &  Newport     Collected 


Collected 


Borcott  &  Wheatlv  in  Com'  Oxon. 

Tewkesliury  Church  in  Gloucest  — 

Amberlej  in  Sussex  — 

Fitts  Church,  Salop  — 

"Kini^m  upon  Hull  — 

Kemljerton  ^  Diiteerth  — 

Swaveaey  in  Com'  Cantahr:  — 

Welsh  Pool  in  Montgom'  — 

Damerham — South  — 

Usk  Church  — 

1722 

Addini^ton,  Randwick  &  Alderton  |  ^  „    ^   , 

•    /,  —   c?            p  r'l          ^  VCoUected 

m  Coin,  ourrev  &  (jJoucester  I 


St.  John  Wapping  in  Com  Middlesex 
Innundation  in  Corn.  Pal.  Lancaster 
Gratwood,  Bilston,  &  Newent 
in  Stafford  &  Glouc: 


} 


October  y^  11.  1722 

Rec**  y*  above  named  Briefs  and  Money 
being  12  shilliugs  and  ninepcnce 
half()enny. 

By  me  Edward  Parker. 


0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

6 

0 

^ 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 


0     1     6 


0 

2 

0 

0 

5 

Oi 

0 

1 

8' 

0 

2 

6 

0 

3 

8 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

8 

0 

1 

H 

0 

1 

6 

0 

3 

0 

0     1     Oi 


0     1 
0     9 

6 

1 

0     1 

2 

0  12     9J 


1722 
Upper  Darwen  Chapel 

in  Com*  Lane'  .         .    Collected  Oct.  14  . 
Jenkin  Vingoe    at    St 

Ivea  in  Cornwall       .    Collected  Oct.  14  . 


0     1   10 
0     1     7 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 

Allhallows  London  Wall  Collected  Febr.  3  . 
BakewcU     Church     in 

Com'  Derby  .  .  Collected  Feb  3  . 
St.    Maries   Church   in 

Nottingham      .         .    Collected  Mar.  10. 


361 


£ 

0 

8. 

1 

6 

0 

1 

7i 

0 

5 

2 

Abbotts  Bromley  in 
Com'  Stafford  . 

Caldecott  in  Com'  Hert- 
ford 

Bright     Helmston     in 


1723 


Collected  Apr.  28.  1723 
Collected  April  28. 


0     1     9 


0     1     9 


Com'  Sussex    . 

Collected  May  9     . 

0 

16 

2i 

Heartsease,  Radnor 

Collected  Aug.  25. 

0 

01 

9 

Ruddington  Church 

Collected  Aug.  25 . 

0 

03 

0 

Shennington  [1  Warw:] . 

Collected  Oct.  13  . 

0 

01 

10 

Cherry  Hinton     . 

Collected  Dec.  1     . 

0  01 

6 

Lyons,  alias  Holt  Church 

Collected  Dec.  1    . 

0 

2 

3i 

St.  Alban's  Church 

Collected  March  15 

0 

2 

6 

Eperston   Church 

[i  Notts] 

Collected  March  15 

0 

I 

1 

Bangor  Church     . 

Collected  Oct  13  . 

0 

1 

6 

Hexham  Church  . 

Collected  Jan^  2     . 

0 

2 

6 

Ilkeston  Church  . 

Collected  Jan^  2    . 

0 

1 

1 

We  therby  in  Com'  Ebor'. 

Collected  Jan^  7     . 
1724 

0 

10 

lOi 

Falmouth  in  Cornwall  . 

CollectedApr.24. 1724 

0 

4 

10 

Holt  Market  Church     . 

Collected  July  12  . 

0 

2 

0 

Frodsham  Church 

Collected  July  12  . 

0 

1 

7 

Newport  Church  . 

Collected  Nov.  1    . 

0 

2 

H 

Inundation  at  Hallifax  . 

Collected  Nov.  1    . 

0 

3 

6 

Abawaies,  Martham,  &c. 

Collected  Dec.  6    . 

0 

1 

0 

Michael  Church &Grim- 

ston 

Collected  Jan.  17  . 

0 

1 

6 

Staverton. 

Collected  Jan  17    . 

0 

2 

OJ 

Camps-Hall  &  Dolton  . 

Collected  March  7  . 

0 

1 

6 

Cricklade. 

Collected  March  7  . 

0 

1 

6 

Knighton,    Lain t we r- 

• 

dine,  &c. 

Collected  March  7  . 
11725] 

0 

1 

2i 

Neath  Church 

Collected  Apr.  11. 

0 

1 

6 

Wirksworth  Church 

Collected  Apr.  1 1  . 
EiDiNO,  Rector. 

.       0 

1 

1 

Rig.  Ha] 

1 

0 

6i 

VOL.  XXV. 

2    A 

362 


THE  MABWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


Crediton  &  Kirk  Deighton. 
East-Morden 
Market  Lavington 
Langton  Church 
Great  Bowlas  Church 
Ormskirke  Church 
Bampton  Church 
Darlastone  Church 
Wareseley  Church 


1725 
Collected 


£ 

$, 

d. 

00 

02 

01 

00 

02 

00 

00 

02 

lOob 

00 

02 

06obq 

00  02 

00 

00  01 

10 

00  01 

06 

00  01 

01 

00 

02 

00 

00  17  llq 


1726 

"Westhoughton  ChapeL  Collected 

St.  Nicholas  Church  — 

Tibshelfe  Church  — 

Albrighton  Church  — 
Alderford  &  Great  Horwood  — 

Town  of  Buckingham  — 

Eackford  Church  — 

Dorchester  — 

Shipston  upon  Stower  — 

Folkstone  Fisley  [i]  — 


1728 
White     Gate    Church, 

Charge  12U£.         .    Collected  Sept.  1.  . 

Yarm  Church,   Charge 

1772£.  .         .    Collected  Sept.  1.  . 

Trinity  Church,  Charge 

2658£.  .         .    Collected  Oct.  27  . 

Hinton   in   y*  Hedges, 

Loss  by  Fire  1122£.    Collected  Oct.  27  . 

St.     John,     Wappinp:. 

Loss  by  Fire  6366£.    Collected  Jan.  30  . 

St.     Hyld^s     Chappcl. 
Charge  1590£ 

Branston       Church, 


Charge    1157£ 


Collected  March  2 

.    Collected  March  2 
Big.  Harding,  Rector. 


00  01 
00  02 
00  01 
00  01 

00  01 

01  05 
00  02 
00  09 
00  01 
00  01 


00 

07 

02 

03ob 

03 

03 

00 

05q 

Hob 

08ob 


02  07     7obq 


00  01  06 
00  02  00 
00  02  00 
00  01  00 
00  14  02 
00  01  lOob 
00  01  06 


THK  HABWOOD  LIST  07  BEIBP8. 
1729 
Collected  Apr.  7.  . 
Collected  May  11  . 
Collect«d  Nov.  30 . 
Collected  Nov.  30  . 
Collected  July  6*  . 
Collected  Aug.  17"- 


Gravesend.  Loss  by  Fire 
21232£ 

St.  Aiiilruw's  Harbour, 
Chiirge  8734i . 

SicfeingbiU!  fc  Bottes- 
dalo  Suffolk      . 

St-JohnBaptiflt'sChurch 
Com'  Gloucester 

St.  Swi  thins  Church 
Com'  Worceator 

Stilton  Com'  Hunting- 
don 

Nii|ilnii   Church    Com' 

U'.irui^k  .         .    Collected  Aug.  17" 

Tamworth  Chuwii  Com' 

Wanvick  A  Statf'     .    Collected  Jan  11* 

Ful borne  Com'  Cam- 
bridge .    Collected  Jan.  11" 

Homsey  &  Wheelock 
Com'  Middlesex  & 
Cheater  .    Collected  Feb.  22. 

Melboum  Com'  CauUb    Collected  Feb.  23 


01  06  05^ 
00  01  07 
00  01  08^ 
00  02  00 
00  02  04 
00  01  06 
00  01  06 
00  02  01 
00  01  00 


1730 
Protestants    at    Copen- 
hagen .  .        .    Collected  Apr.  11.  1730 
Pershore  Church,  Com' 

Wigorii  .    Collected  Apr.  19  . 

"V\'.irllionbury     Church 

Com'  Flint       .         .    Collected  Apr.  19. 
Wroot  in  Com'    Line'. 

Loss   by  Inundation 

2686£  .    Collected  June  U  . 

Colnbrook  Cbappel, 

Bucks  Chiirgel325£    Collccf  June  14    . 
St.     Mich.iels    Church, 

Soiithnnjiitoii,  Charge 

4766£  .    CoUecf*  Sep^  13    . 

Benrly,  Warw:  Loss  by 

Fire  1307.C      .         .    Collected  Sep'  13  , 
Ouston   Chun^li,   Elwr, 

Charge  1461i.         .    Collected  Dec.  6    . 
Llandulass  Church, 

Denh.  Charge  1100£    Collected  Dec  6    . 


00  19  05 
00  01  09 
00  00  09 

0     3     5 


0  9 

1  Oq 


364 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


Hinckley,  Leicesf  Loss 

by  Fire  3424£ 
Bilston  Chappel,  Staff. 

Charge  1200je  . 
Denbigh  Chappel,  Denb. 

Charge  11 86£. 
Kidderminster,  Worcest 

Loss  by  Fire  1112£. 
Yarburgh,    Line.    Loss 

by  Fire  1016£ 
Broughton      Sulney 

Church,   Notting. 

Charge  1110£. 
Evesham  Church,  Wore. 

Charge  4930£ 
Wyersdale        Chappel, 

Lane'  Charge  1245   . 


1731 
Collect^  March  21-* 

£ 

0 

I 

d. 

4ob 

Collect<^  March  21** 

0 

1 

0 

Collect^  May  2^     . 

.       0 

1 

6 

CoUect<*  May  2^     . 

.       0 

1 

0 

CoUect^  May  2^     . 

.       0 

0 

9ob 

CoUected  Ju.  20     . 

.0 

0 

m 

Collected  June  20 

0 

1 

6 

CoUected  Sep'  19"' 

0 

1 

0 

Ric:  Hardin'o  Rector. 


0     3     4J 


Chnpel     en     le     fritli. 

Church  Charge,  1425. 
"Wotten    under     Edge, 

Loss  by  Fire  1085  . 
Misley    [IMistley] 

Church,  Essex,  charge 

1742     . 
Landaff  Cathedral 

Church,  charge  6366 
Calcott,  Glouc*  Loss  by 

Fire  1009 
Tetbury  Church,  Glouc' 

charge  2600 


1731 
Collected  Sep*"  19  . 

Collected  Oct.  3 1  . 

Collected  Oct.  31  . 
Collected  Mar.  5  . 
Collected  Mar.  19  . 
Collected  Mar.  19 . 

1732 


Bozeat,  North'.  Loss  by 

Fire  2697         .         .    CoUected  Apr.  16,  1732  . 
All  Saints  Church,  Suss' 

charge  1249      .         .    Collected  Apr.  16  . 
Sturminster   Xewton 

Castle,    Dors'.     Loss 

6787     .  .         .    CoUected  May  U  . 


0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

7 

H 

0 

1 

3 

0 

2 

3 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

6 

1 


4     OJ 

2  8 

3  4i 


1     6     Oi 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEPS. 


365 


Man  ton  &c.  in  Com*  Rut- 
land Loss  by  Fire 

Draycott  Church,  StafiT 
charge  1147£  . 

Bishoi)s  Norton  Church, 
Line.  Charge  1006    . 

Stowerbridge  Church, 
Worcest.  Charge  2000 

Newbold  upon  Avon, 
Warw.  Loss  by  Fire 
1417     . 

Abby  Laner  Cost  Church, 
Camb.  Charge  1100. 

Ramsey,  Hunt.  Loss  by 
Fire  11776       . 


1732 
Collected  Aug.  6    . 
Collected  Aug.  6    . 


Collected  Oc.  22<*  . 


Collected  Oc.  22<*  . 


Collected  Dec.  3<*  . 


Collected  Dec.  3*  . 


Collected  Dec.  27. 


£ 

0 
0 
0 
0 


8.     d. 

1     0 


1  2 
1  3 
1     6 


0     1     6 
0     1     6i 
0     3     5 


[1733] 
Well     Church,     Line. 

Charge    1201    .         .    Collected  Apr.  1.  1733 

Aberbrothock  Harbour, 

Forf.  Charge  19311  .    Collected  Apr.  1.   . 

Blanford  Forum,  Dors. 

Loss  by  Fire  85348.    Collected  Apr.  22  . 

Dudley  Church,  Worces* 
<fec.       .  .         .    Collected  June  17.  1733 

Barton    upon    Humber 

Line'    .  .         .    Collected  June  17. 

Wood  Plumpton,  Lane*.    Collected  Aug.  12  . 

Mitchel  Dean,  Church, 
Glouc.  . 

Monmouth  Church 

Maddington,  Wilts  .     . 

Whitfield,  Somerset 

Seremby  Church  [Line*] 

Guilden  Morden  . 

Conington  Church 

Christleton   Church 
[Chesh.] 


—   Aug.  12. 


0  1  6 

0  0  9 

2  0  8 

0  01  llj 

0  01  0 
0  00  lOJ 


0  01 
0  01 
0  00 
0  01 
0  00 
0  01 
0  02 


0 
6 
9 
6 
8 
6 
0 


0  01  6 


0  14  3 


366  THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 

1734 

Eedmarley  &  Edengale  «.     d. 

Churches  .         .    Collected  Mar.  31,  1734  1     5* 

Aylesbury,  Bucks         •    Collected  April  21 .         .  18 

Erchfort,  Wilts    .         .  .  .         .  14 

Rufford  Chappel,  Lane'  .  .         .  13^ 


I  _       Sep'    8  . 


5     9 

• 

2     0 

• 

1  3| 
1     6 

• 

1     6 

• 

1     0 

• 
• 

1     2q 

r  0 

a 

1     4i 

1     4 

• 
• 

0  9J 
3  10 

Ealing  Church     .         .  Collected  June  23  . 

Onniley  [1]  Lane.  .  Collected  June  23  . 

Monford  Church 
Greffingham  Chappel 

Attenham  .         .  —       Nov.    1** 

North  Meels  Church    .  —       Dec.    I*' 

Poulton  .  .         .  —       Feb.    9  . 

Macliynleth  Church     .  —       Feb.    9  . 

[1735]      ' 

All  Saints  Church         .  —       Apr.  13,  1735 

Epworth  .  .         .  Apr.  13,  Sum  Collected 

barnwell .  .         .  Apr.  20  Collected  . 

Rio:  Harding  Rector.  16     9 J 

1735 
Shaw  Chapel  in  Com' 

Lancaster  .         .  Collected  July  13  . 

Preese  in  Com'  Lan- 
caster .  .         .  Collected  July  13  . 

South-Throsby  Church, 

Line.    .  .         .  Collected  Oc'  19    . 

Brampton  &c.  in  Com' 

Hunt.  .  .         .  Collected  Oc'  19    . 

Llanarmon   Church    in  *-         -' 

Com'  Denb.      .         .  Collected  Apr.  4.  1736  . 

Milton  in  Com'  Cambr.  Collected  Apr.  4    . 
Tetsworth   in    Com' 

Oxon    .  .         .  Collected  Apr.  18  . 

East     Stoke     Church, 

Notting.  .         .  Collected  Apr.  18. 

Empsay,  in  Com'  Ebor*  Collected  May  2     . 
Norton  Church  in  Com' 

Stafford  .         .  Collected  May  2     . 

10     8i 


2 

0 

H 

3 

3 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 
lOJ 

0 

THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BBIIFS 

Cobham  in  Surrey        . ,  Collected  July  4,  1736 

Mobberly  &c.  in  Com' 

Chester  .         .    Collected  July  4    . 

Walton  in  y*  Woulds, 

Church  .         .    Collected  Aug.  29 

Royston     in      Com* 

Hertford  .         .    Collected  Aug.  29 

Houghton    Church,    in 

Com'  Stafford  .         .    Collected  Oct  17    . 
Swafifham  Prior  in  Com' 

Cambr.  .         .    Collected  Oct  17    . 


• 

•                              * 

9 

Mk 

H 

.                           X 

0 

•                            X 

4 

.                           * 

0 

•                                                            i 

1 

367 


1737 

Houghton  Eegis,  in  Com* 

Bedford  .         .    Collected  May  8    . 

Pendle  Chappie  in  Com' 

Lancaster         .         .    Collected  May  8    . 

St.  John   "Wapping   in 

Com' Middlesex        .    Collected  June  12. 

Castle   Hayes  in   Com* 

Stafford  &c,      .         .    Collected  June  12 . 


1737 
Puttenham,     in     Com' 

Surrey.  .         .    Collected  July  24  . 

Measham  Church,  Com' 

Derby  .  .         .    Collected  Aug.  28 . 

Ravenstondale   Church, 

Com'  Westmoreland  .    Collect**  Aug  28    . 

Stoney  Stratford,  Com' 

Bucks  .  .         .    Collected  Mar.  5    . 

Preston  Church  in  Com* 

Salop   .  .         .    Collected  Mar.  19  . 

Blidworth    Church,   in 

Com'  Nottingham     .    Collected  Mar.  19  . 


1 

H 

1 

6 

1 

7 

0 

10 

13     3 


2 

n 

1 

0 

1 

0 

15 

9 

0 

10 

1 

0 

1738 
Upchurch    in    Com' 

Kent  (Inundation)    .    Collected  Apr.  13,  1738 

Ric:  Harding. 


5     8i 


1     7  11 


368 


THB  MAKWOOD  LIST  OF  BKIDa. 


Dimstow  &  Dadingion 

[t]  OxoiL 
FairweU  Church,  SufL 
8t  John  Baptist  Church, 

Cov. 
Penckajd  Staff*  . 
KarUialL  Chester 
Ahtin  [T]  Church.  Salop 
Ledboiy  Church  Heref* 
Bojiton  Camb.   . 
Dunbar  Harbour . 
Batdiff.  Middlesex 


CoUectedOct.    8 
Oct    8 

JuIt  2 
Jul>  2 
Aug.  20 
Aug.  20 
Nov.  26 
Nov.  26 
Feb.  3 
Feb.    3 


1 
I 

1 
0 
1 

1 
1 
0 


1* 

0 


8 

0 
6 
3 

4i 

0 


1739 


KelshalL  Chester 
Longdcm  Church,  Salop 
Berkswich    Church, 

Stafford 
St.   Mary's  Church   in 

Gateshead,  Durham. 


Apr. 
Apr. 


1.  1739 
1.  . 


May    6  . 
Mav    6  . 


0  10} 

1  0 

1     0 
1     1 


1     1 

H 

Dorchester  Church, 

Oxon.  . 

Collected  July    8,  1739 

1 

2 

Nuneaton  Church,  War- 

wick 

July    8  . 

0 

n 

Fennstanton,  Huntin{^0D 

L                 Oct  21  . 

0 

9 

3Iarchington      Church, 

StafP*   . 

Oct  21  . 

0 

9 

Saint     Chad     Church, 

Staff*   . 

Nov.  25  . 

0 

10 

Walton,  Worcest' 

Nov.  25  . 
1739 

0 

6 

Standon  &c.  Heref* 

Mar.  16 

7 

8 

New  Alresford,  South- 

amp"    . 

Mar   23 

1 

G 

Twyford     &     Stenson 

Church,  Derby 

Mar   23 
1740 

0 

10 

Bobi  &  Villar,  Piedmont 

Apr.  13.  1740 

0 

Macclesfield      Church, 

Chester 

Apr.   13 

1 

Oi 

R    Harding  Rector. 


1     0     8 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


369 


Hinxton.  Cambr. 

• 

June    8 

.         0 

». 

1 

6 

Bierton — Bucks  . 

June    8 

.       0 

1 

6 

Stirchley  Church,  Salop 

Aug.  17 

0 

0 

8 

Share    Hill    Chrch. 

Staffs  . 

Aug.  17 

.       0 

0 

8 

St.    John    Chapel     in 

Deri  tend,  Warw. 

Nov.  23 

.       0 

1 

6 

Buscot,  Warw.     . 

Nov.  23 

0 

1 

6 

Congleton     Church, 

Chester 

Mar     8 

.       0 

1 

0 

Foulness  &c.   Essex 

Inundation 

Mar     8 

.       0 

1 

8 

1741 


Heapy  Chapel  in  Ley- 
land,  Lane. 
Pestwould  Church,  Leic' 
Cromer,  Norf. 


St.    Andrews   Church, 

Worcester 
St.  George  &  St.  John 

Wapping,  Middlesex 
Thimbleby   Church, 

Lincoln 
Upton     Parva,     &c. 

Church,  Salop 
Sleeys,  Com*  Salop 
Marrick    &c.    in   Com' 

Ebor    . 
Marsh  Gibbon,  in  Com' 

Bucks  . 
Polesworth  Church, 

Warwick 


Collected 


Apr.     5  1741 
Apr.     5 
Apr.     5 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

n 

10 
10 

0 

12 

2i 

Aug.  23 

0 

1 

0 

Aug.  23 

0 

0 

6 

Oct.    11 

0 

1 

6 

Oct.    11 
Nov.  29 

0 
0 

1 

1 

2} 
3 

Nov.  29 

0 

1 

H 

Mar.  14 

0 

2 

0 

Mar.  14 

0 

0 

n 

1742 


Holy   Trinity    Church, 

Surrey 

Apr.  25.  1742 

1     2 

Much  Wenlock  Church, 

Salop  . 

Apr.  25 

6 

Oister  Dredgers  <fec  of 

Medway  &c 

May  10 

3     6 

EicHARD  Harding,  Rector. 


0  14     7} 


370 


THE  MARWOOD   LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


1742 


Culcheth  Chapel  Com' 

». 

d. 

Jjanc:  . 

Collected  July 

4 

1 

0 

Huby  &  Northmanstone, 

York  &  Bucks . 

July 

4 

0 

7 

Middle    Church    Com' 

Salop  . 

.     Nov. 

14 

1 

0 

Whittington  Church 

Com'  Salop 

Nov. 

U 

0 

\0i 

Drayton,  Berks    . 

Jan. 

31 

7 

H 

Chilton  &c  Berks 

Feb. 

13 

0 

4 

Formby    Chapel,    T-an- 

caster  . 

Feb. 

13 

1 

3 

Stogumer,  Somerset 

Mar. 

13 

1 

0 

Altcarr    Church,     Lan- 

caster . 

Mar. 
1743 

13 

1 

4 

Lower   Wallop,  South- 

hampton 

Apr. 

10 

1 

6 

Llanhasa  Church  Flint 

» 

10 

0 

8 

17 

lobq 

Cheam  Church,  Surrey . 

Collected  July 

3 

1 

4 

Chilsworth     <Src.    Com' 

Oxon  &c 

July 

3 

0 

10 

Hunsingore  Church, 

York    . 

Sep^ 

11 

0 

8 

IJangwin  Church,  Denb 

Sep' 

11 

0 

1 

Melverley,  Com'  Salop . 

Oct. 

30 

1 

0 

Maxey  &  Elsworthy, 

Northamp"  &c 

Oct 

30 

0 

4 

Fishermen  &c,  of  Fever- 

sham,  Kent 

Feb. 

5 

3 

m 

Suttin  in  y*  Isle  of  Ely 

Mar. 

4 

1 

0 

PulloxhiU  Church,  Bed- 

ford    . 

Mar. 

4 

0 

7i 

Croston    Church,    I-au- 

caster  . 

Apr. 

1 

0 

9 

Great  Steeping  Church 

Line.    . 

Apr. 

1. 

0 

^ 

Rich"*  Harding  Rector. 


11     9 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


37  L 


Bewdly    Cnappel,     Wor- 
cester.     .  ,  .         .    Collected  June  3* 
Pryors  Salford  &  Strelton, 

Warwick  &  Derby       .  June  3** 

Rosthem  Church,  Chester  Sep.  2^ 

Fretherweme,  Montgomery  Sep.  2* 

Sheepwash,  Devon  .  Nov.  1 


1     6 

0     6 

0     7 

0  11 

1  11     9 


1745 


Barrow  Church,  Chester  . 
Aswardby  Church,  Lincoln 
Eynsford,  Kent 
HarthiU,    Woodhall,    &c. 

York 
Buckerell,  Devon     . 


Westborough         Church, 

Line' 
Stallingbrough      Church, 

Line' 
Blacktoft,  York 
Cobwall,  &c  Heref<* 
St  Ives,  Church,  Hunt.   . 
Wimbish   Church,   Essex 
WiUenhall  Chapel,  Staff* 
St  Albans,  Hertf*  . 
Nether    Knutsf**    Church 

dies' 


Apr.  21 
Apr.  21 
Apr.  21 

Apr.  28 
Apr.  28 


Collected  July     7 


0  9 

0  6 

0  8 

2  3f 

1  6 


£2    0  llf 
1     0 


July     7 

1     3 

Oct    13 

0  11 

Oct    13 

0     6 

Nov.  24 

0  lOj 

Nov.  24 

1     0 

Nov.  24 

1     0 

Jan.    19 

1     6 

Jan.   19 


1     1 


1746 


Stillington,  Healy,  &c 
York  &c .  .         . 

Hem  ington  -  Grey  Church 
Hunts 

Battlefield  Church,  Salop 


Wyke,    Fownhope,   York 

&  Herefd 
Roilington  Church,  Salop 
Weston  Turnville,  Bucks 
Garstang  Church,  Lane.    . 
Hythe  Church,  Kent 
Shitlington  Church,  Bed- 
ford 
Mold  Church,  Flint 


Apr.     6 


0     6 


Apr.     6 
Apr.     6 

0  6 
0     6i 

10     8i 

Collected  July     6*^ 
July     6 
July     6 
Oct    12 

1  0 
1  0 
1  0 
1     0 

Oct    12 

0  10 

Nov.  23 

0     9 

Nov.  23 

0  10 

372 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


1747 

Flixton  Church,  Lane:  Apr.  26 

Poulton  Church,  Lane:    .  Apr.  26 

Meole  Brace  Church,  Salop  Apr.  26 

R  Harding,  Rector. 


»  d, 

0  6 

0  6 

0  6 


Bochester  Church    . 
Bradleyiny*  Moor8,Church 
Overton  Church 
Heaton,  Oxc"»*  &c. 


Si  Paul,  ShadweU  . 


1747 
Collected  Aug. 


Jan. 


9 
5 


1748 


Apr.  17 


1750 
Storrington   Church, 

Sussex     .  .         .    Collected  July  29 

Kelvedon  Hatch  Church, 

Essex       .  .         .  July  29 

St.  Nicholas  Church,  War- 
wick       .  .         .  Oct.    21 
Halton,  Grafton  &  Saxton, 

York       .  .         .  Oct.    21 

Honley  Chapel,  York       .  Oct.    21 

Thurstonland,  Harden,&c., 

York       .  .         .  Mar.  10 

Bishop  Thornton,  Audleiu] 

&     AdlingUm,      York,  V  Mar.  10 

Chester  &    Lane.         .J 
Stone  Church  StaflP*         .  Mar.  10 


0  5 

0  5 

0  5 

5  9 


0     8 


7 

8 

Wellington  Church 
W  oodplumpton  Chapel    . 
Way  hill.  Loss  by  Fire 
Mareston  Chapel,  Leicester 

Collected 

.  Aug.  28 
Aug.  28 
Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 

1 
0 
0 
0 

0 
5 
7 
6 

1749 

2 

6 

Berkley  Church 

Denbigh 

Sutton  Cold-Field  &  Bin- 

June    4 
June    4 

1 

0 

0 

8» 

brook 

June    7 

0 

6 

St.  Michael's  Church 

Oct.    15 

0 

6 

Chadesley  Corbett  . 
Upham  &  Waislow . 

Oct    15 
Oct.    15 

0 
0 

8 
6" 

3  10| 

0  8 

0  7 

1  0 

0  5 

1  0 

0  6 

0  6 

1  1 


THB  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


373 


St.  Mary  Magdalen  Ber- 
mondsey,  Surrey . 

Stoney  Middleton  &  Dar- 
went  Chapels,  Derby    . 

St.  Lawrence  &  St.  John's 
Church,  Southampton  . 


1751 


Apr.  5 
Apr.  14 
Apr.  14 


3  5 
2  6 
2     6 


R  Harding,  Rector. 

s,  14 

2 

1751 

Upton  upon  Severn  Churcl 

I    CoUected  July  14 

1 

6 

Stamford  Bridge 

July  14 

1 

6 

Shipston  Church 

Sep.  15 

0 

9 

Knighton  Church 

Sep.  15 

0 

9 

Nether  Seal  Church 

Sep.  15 

0 

6 

8,  5 

0 

1752 

Shellow  Bawels  Church 

.    Collected  Oct.  22 

0 

9 

Lymington  Church 

Oct.  22 

0 

9 

Horsforth  Chapel     . 

Oct  22 
1753 

0 

9 

Knottingley  Chapel 

Apr.    1 

0 

m 

Ranvills  &  Dawlish 

Apr.    1 

0 

10 

Aylesbury    . 

Apr.    1«' 

1 

6 

Eiiingham  Church    . 

Apr.  29 

0 

7 

Fosdyke  Chapel 

Apr.  29 

0 

8 

Greasley  Church 

May    6 

1 

6 

Seighford  [1]  Church 

May    6 

1 

4 

8,  9 

H 

Bighton 

Collected  Aug.  12 

1 

0 

North   Meols,    Yoxall    & 

p 
t 

Warlington 

Aug.  12 

0 

7 

Thornton  Chapel     . 

Oct  28 

0 

8 

Haworth  Chapel 

Oct  28 
1754 

0 

6 

Amnesbury 

Apr.  25 

4 

1 

Newboroug  Chappel 

Collected  July  27 

1 

0 

Rushock  Church 

July  27 

1 

0 

Flock  ton  (Chappel    . 

July  27 

1 

0 

Ampleforth  &c. 

Oct  13 

0 

6 

Addington  Church  . 

Oct  13 

0 

7 

Hale  Chappel 

Oct  13 

0 

7 

R:  Harding,  Rector. 


«.  4     8 


374 


THE  If  ABWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIBFS. 


Coppul  Chappel 
Dersington  Church 
Marsden  Chappel 
Harhoum  Church 


Newham  Church 
Pinckston  Church 
Bastrick  Chapel 


Hemaley 

Gorton  Chapel 

Bobert  Town  &  Holberton 

Hindon 

Penton  Mewsey 

Morton  Church 

Kuthin  Church 


Stoke  Church,  Salop. 
Wetherby  Chapel    . 


Preese  Church 
Clunn  Church 
Lightcliss  Chapel 
St.  Peters  Church 


Wallazea  Church 
Dwygyfylchi  Church 
EUenhall  Church     . 
Corely  Church 


Brighthelmstone  Fortifica- 
tions 
Hayling  North 
Knockin 

Wick  &  Monk  Sherborne 
Wombridge  Church 
Austrey  Church 
Edgware  Church 
Stoke-Talmage  Church     . 


1755 

Collected  Apr.  20 

Apr.  20 

Apr  20 

Apr  20 


Collected  June  22 
June  22 
June  22 


1756 


1757 


1758 


Apr.  4 

Apr.  4 

Apr.  4 

Apr.  22 

Apr.  22 

Apr.  25 

Apr  25 


Nov.  28 
Nov.  28 


Apr.  17 
Apr.  17 
Apr  17 
Apr    25 


Aug.  21 
Aug.  21 
Oct  23 
Oct    23 


Apr 
Ajn*. 
Ai)r. 
Apr. 
July  16 
July  16 
Sep. 
Sep. 


9 
9 


10 
10 


s.  d. 

0  8 

0  8 

0  8 

0  11 

«.  2  11 

0  5 

0  5 

0  5 


0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 


8.4 

0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


6 
7 

6 
2 
6 
7 
7 


8.  S      S 

0     7 
0     6 


0  5 

0  5 

0  5 

2  2 


6 
7 
7 
6 


1     0 

0  10 

1  0 


4 
9 

9 

^» 

7 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OV  BKIEVS. 


375 


1759 

£     »,     d. 

St  Werburg  Church 

CoUected  Feb.  25 

1     0 

Wapping  Fire 

Feb.  25 

0     7 

Brink  worth     &    Canford 

Magua 

Mar.  25 

0     6 

Sculcoates  Church 

Mar.  25 

0     8 

Acton  Church 

Mar.  11 

0     7 

Norbury  Church 

Mar.  11 

0     6 

Whittington  Church 

Apr.  22 

0  10 

Dorchester,  Temple- 
Farm  &  Earith 

Apr.  22 

0     4^ 

brought  from  y*  lasl 

^leaf 

•                        •                 1 

2     8 

8.7    Si 

Chalk  Fire 

Collected  Oct    21 

1     0 

Anderby  Church 

1760 

Oct   21 

0    8 

Lutterworth  Church 

Feb.  10 

0    7 

Tadcaster  Church 

Feb.  10 

0     6 

Sandford  Mills  &c. 

Mar.     2 

0     9 

Wroxeler  Church 

Mar.     2 

1     0 

Bym  Eglwys  Church 

Mar.  16 

0  10 

Uanf  air  Fire 

Mar.  16 

0  10 

Wendlebiuy  Church 

Apr.  20 

1     0 

Eastwood  Church     . 

Apr.  20 

1     0 

Iping  &c.  Fires 

Apr.  20 

0     4 

Hagen  Church 

Apr.  20 

£13     4 

Orton  Church 

July     6 

0  10 

Kings  wood  Fire 

July     6 

0  10 

Stokeferry  Church  .    ■     . 

Nov.    9 

0  10 

Bunhill  Row  &        .       ) 
Northyway  [1]  Fires       / 

Nov.    9 

0  10 

Bengeworth  <fe          .        1 
Fearby  Fires            .       J . 

Dec.  14 

4 

<r.  3     8 

St  Peters  Church  Walling- 

ford 

Dec.  14 

0     9 

R.  Harding,  Rector. 


Warden  Church 
Stanford  in  y*  Valey,  Fires 
Huddenham  Fire     . 
Fowlesworth  Church 


1761 

Collected  Jan.  18 

Jan.  18 

Jan.  30 

Apr.  5 


1 


0  8 

0  8i 

0  4 

1  1 


1     6     5i 


376 


TUB  MABWOOD   LIST  OF   BRIEFS. 


Everingham  Church 
Frimley,  &c.  Fires 
Quate  Church 
Penal  Church 
Albourne  Fire 


Carlton  Church 
Halkin  Church 
EUnton  Church 
Packington  Church 
Calverton  Church 


Hail  Storm  in  Berks 
Illingworth  Chapel  . 
Knapp  Mill  <^c.  Fires 
Colleges  in  America 


1762 


1763 


July     5 
July     5 
Sep'  20 
Sep'  20 
Nov.    5 

£       <.      d. 

0     9 
0     4 
0     9 
0  10 
12     3 

8,  14  11 

Jan.   24 

0     6 

Jan    24 

0     6 

Mar.  14 

0     7 

Mar.  14 

0     6 

Apr.  18 

1     0 

m 

8,  3      1 

Aug.  29 
Oct.    10 

1     0 
0     8 

Oct.    10 

0     6 

Nov.  30 

6     8     Oi 

£6  10     2^ 


Blackrod  Chapel 

Feb.  27 

0 

6 

Sutton  Maddock  Church . 

Feb.  27 

0 

6 

Barlaston  Church    . 

Feb.  27 

0 

7 

Saarbruch  Church,  &c.     . 

Apr.     4 

11 

10 

Llanfannan  Church 

Apr.   17 

0 

9 

New  Brentford  Chapel     . 

Apr.  17 

0 

9 

R.  Harding,  Kector. 


8,  14  11 


1764 


Foston  Church 

Collected  Feb.  26 

0 

4 

Frodflwell  Chapel     . 

Feb.  26 

0 

5 

Wooller  Church 

Feb.  26 

0 

4 

Padiham  Chapel 

Mar.  18 

0 

5 

Sittingboume  Church 

Mar.  18 

0 

5 

Hindley  Chapel 

May     6 

0 

5 

Alveloy  Church 

May     6 

0 

4 

«.  2     8 


THE  MARWOOD 

LIST  OF  BRIKFS. 

377 

Frizzinghall  Fire 

Sep'  23 

0     4 

Sharrow  Moor  lire  . 

Sep'  23 

0     4 

Saint  Albans  Church 

Oct.    21 

0     7 

Kirk  Andrews  upon  Frfjke 

Church     . 

Nov.  25 

0     3 

Penn  Church 

Nov.  25 

0     2 

Lythani  Church 

Nov.  25 

0     3 

R  Harding  Rector. 


8.  1   11 


17C5 


Shackerston  Church 

Jan.   27 

0 

0 

CoUingborne  &  Abbotsbury 

Fires         .              . 

Jan.   27 

0 

0 

Phillippen  Colony    . 

Mar.  17 

0 

3 

Ratby  Church 

Mar.  17 

0 

3 

Hail  Storm  in  Kent 

Mar.  24 

10 

6 

Hail  Storm  in  Sussex 

Apr.     7 

4 

0 

1766 


Samuel  Cooke  Curate. 


8,  15    0 


Collected  for  the  Fire  a1 
Crediton 

b 

£116. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

St.  Martin's  Church 
Dewsbury  Church   . 
Llandegla  Church    . 
Brinkbum  Chapel   . 
Aberavon  Church    . 
Thursfield  Chapel    . 

Mar.  29 
Mar.  29 
Mar.  29 
Mar.  22 
Mar.  22 
Mar.  22 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

s,  1     0 


Kirkby  Chapel 
High  Offley  Church 
Kilby  Church 
Bransby  Church 
Doddleston  Church 
Montreal  Fire 


1766 

Collected  Mar.  5 

Mar.  5 

Mar.  5 

Apr.  19 

Apr.  19 

Mar.  16 


[In  margin,  "Collected  on  the  six  last  13^.  4JtZ." 

Should  be  twelve  last,  to  come  right] 
VOL.  XXV.  •  2  B 


0 
0 
0 


6 
3 
3 


0  0 

0  0 

11  4i 

12  4i 


378 


THE  MARWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS. 


1767 


Hirets  [?]  &  Beeford  Chur 
Hail  Storm  &  Fire  Com 

Wilte  &  York      . 
Longton  Chapel 
Welsh  PooJ  Church 
Todmorden  Chapel  . 
Kemberton  Church . 
Corwen  Church 
East  Haddon  Church 
Bramhope  &c  Fires . 
Walkington  Fire 
Eglwys  Fach  Chur: 
Heytisbury  Fire 


1768 


Market  Boeworth  Church 
Sheepey  Magna  Church 
Bullwell  Church 
Fires  in  Oxfordshire 
Hugerly  Church 
Hail  Storm  in  Warwick 

shire 
Llanjmys  Church     . 
Tixall  Church 
Easington  Church    . 
Cromer  Church 
Inundations  [in]  Yorkshire 
Vaudois  Protestants 


» 

d. 

Jan.     3 

0 

2 

Jan.   17 

0 

4 

Jan.   17 

0 

2 

Jan.   17 

0 

2 

Jan.     3 

0 

2 

Mar.     6 

0 

2 

Mar.     6 

0 

2 

Mar.     6 

0 

2 

Dec.     6 

0 

0 

Dec     6 

0 

0 

Dec     6 

0 

0 

Mar.  28 

6 

2i 

s.  7 

^ 

Feb.  26 

0 

6 

Feb.  26 

0 

6 

Feb.  26 

0 

6 

Mar.     5 

0 

6 

Mar.     5 

0 

H 

Mar.     5 

0 

6 

Mar.  12 

0 

1 

Mar.  12 

0 

1 

Mar.  12 

0 

1 

Mar.  12 

0 

3 

Mar.     6 

4 

4 

Mar.     6 

1     1 

0 

Sam:  Cooke,  Curate. 


£1     8     5} 


1769 

Briefs.     Collected  on  eleven 

Collected  on  the  Howden  Brief 

Samuel  Cooke,  Curate. 


0     6 
3     0 

[s.  3     6] 


1770 


Pannall  Church 

Mar.  17 

0 

0 

llugglescoato  Church 

Mar.  17 

0 

0 

Krnnerley  Church  . 

Mar.  17 

0 

0 

K\v hurst  Church 

Mar.  17 

0 

0 

Shonton  Church 

Jan.    13 

0 

1 

THE  IfAKWOOD  U8T  OF  BRIBFa 


Lindale  Church 
Farnham  Church 
Kun  Monkton  Church     . 
Llanferres  Church   . 
Imber  &  Wakefield  Fires 
&c  .  .         . 


Jan.  6 

Jan.  13 

Feb.  17 

Jan.  6 

Jan.  3 


379 

a.     d. 

0  1 

0  1 

0  2 

0  1 


0     6 


Samuel  Cookb,  Curate.      Collected  on  the  10  last      «.  1     0 
Collected  for  the  Fire  at  Chumleigh  1770.     £1  10  4J. 


1772 


FAst  Bridgeford  Church  . 

CoUected  Mar.  22 

0 

2 

Crosse  rake  Chapel   . 

Mar.  22 

0 

2 

Buckden  Fire 

Mar.  22 

0 

2 

Longhope  Church    . 

Mar.  29 

0 

2 

Gisburn  Forest  Chapel     . 

Mar.  29 

0 

2 

Melverly  &  Shrawardine 
Inundations 

Mar.  29 

0 

2 

Bosley  Church 

Apr.     5 

0 

2 

Tilehurst  Church     . 

Apr.     5 

0 

2 

Sapley  Church  &  Chapel 

of  Ease    . 

Apr.     5 

0 

2 

Broughton  Astley  Church 

Apr.     5 

0 

1 

Collected  on  the  10  last 


«.  1     7 


Jambs  May,  Curate. 


1773. 


Kimcote  Church 

Collected  Mar.  21 

0 

2 

Leir  Church 

Mar.  21 

0 

2 

St.  Peters  Church    . 

Mar.  21 

0 

2 

Market  Weighton  Church 

Apr.  25 

0 

0 

Whitworth  Chapel  . 

Apr.  25 

0 

0 

Ibstock  Church 

Apr.  25 

0 

0 

Tenbury  Churcli 

May     2 

0 

0 

Chapelthorpe  Chapel 

May     2 

0 

0 

Selattyn  Church 

May     2 

0 

0 

Collected  on  the  9  last 

0- 

a* 

Jambs  May, 

Curate. 

2  B  2 

380 


THB  MABWOOD  UST  OF  BRIEFS. 


1774 


Warehome  Church . 
Haslingdon  Chapel . 
Tweedmouth  Chapel 
St  Peters  Church    . 
Battersea  Church 
Barkhy  &  Appleton  upon  ) 
Wish  Churches    .         J 
Ayot  St.  Lawrence  Church 
St  Alphase  Church 
Shamford  Church   . 
Gratwich  Church     . 
Byther  Church 


«. 

d. 

Feb.  13 

0 

0 

Feb.  13 

0 

0 

Feb.  13 

0 

0 

Mar.    6 

0 

0 

Mar.    6 

0 

0 

Mar.     6 

0 

0 

Feb.  27 

0 

0 

Feb.  27 

0 

0 

Feb.  27 

0 

0 

Mar.  20 

0 

0 

Mar.  20 

0 

0 

0    0 


[Here  the  list  ends.] 


[Inserted  in  a  blank  space  between  the  Briefs  of  1737  and 
those  of  1738,  are  these  notes.] 

PETITIONS. 

1737 

The  Petition  of  John  &  Tho»  Pitts      Collected  on  this 

Oc'Q"*  ...     8     9J 

—  of  Francis  Smith.   Collected  on  this  Jan.  29     3     6 

—  of  Will°»  Wood  Clerk.     Collected  on  this 

Apr  9.  1738  .  .         .     2     4J 

Aug.  16.  1741.  Rec**  of  Rev.  Harding  3*  10 J**  being  money 
collected  on  a  Petition  granted  me  by  y*  Bishop — I  say  rec^ 
by  me 


Oc'  1742. 


Dec.  13.  1747. 


May.  1769. 


John  Laddy. 

Collected  on  y*  Petition  (with  y* 
Bishops  Letter)  for  y*  Propaga- 
tion of  y*  Gospel  in  forreign  Parts  £3 

Collected  on  y*  Petition  of  J°  Martyn 
&  others  Sufferers  by  Fire  at 
Newlyn  in  Cornwall 

Collected  for  the  Sufferers  by  Fire 
at  Crediton 

Collected  on  the  Petition  from  Buck- 
land  Brewer.  Oct'  [17]69  . 


3  IH 


0     4     6^ 


4  12 
1  11 


THE  MABWOOD  LIST  OF  BRIEFS.  381 

[On  the  last  leaf  of  the  oldest  Begister  is  this  entry :] 

"A  Breife  for  the  Slaves  in  Argiers  Grathered — eighte  pound 
And  fourteen  shillings,  whereof  eighteen  pence  half  penny  in 
farthings — for  this  an  aquittance  is  given  by  M'  George  Gregory, 
Reef  of  Charles,  Decern.  26.  1670." 

[Notes  on  the  fly-leaf  of  Begister  No.  2.] 

July  1731.         Collected  at  Marwood  for  y*  sufiferers 

by  Fire  at  Tiverton 

Oc'  1742.  Collected  on  y«  Petition  for  f  Propa- 

gation of  y*  Grospel  in  foreign  Parts 

Oc*^  1743.  Collected  for  y«  Sufferers  by  Fire  at 

Crediton 

Oc'  11.  1747.     Collected  on  j*  Honiton  Petition 

Feb.  1747-8.     Collected  on  W:  Bakers  Petition  (of 

Sherwill)  .  .         .       4  17     6 

July  1752.         CoUected  on  y*  King^s  &  Bp's  Letters 

for  the  Propagation  of  y*  Gospel 
in  foreign  Parts      .  .900 

Nov.  30.  1762.  Collected  for  the  Colleges  in  America       6     8     0^ 

Jan.  6.  1763.     Collected  on  y*  Wareham  Letter  for 

fire  .  .         .       0  11  10 

May  1769.         Collected  for  the  Sufferers  by  fire  at 

Crediton  .  .         .       4  12     3  J 


£ 

«. 

d. 

12 

5 

3 

3 

4 

0 

11 

6 

1 

2 

11 

1 

PUNCHAED  OF  HEANTON-PUNCHARDON, 

COUNTY  DEVON. 

BY   B.   O.    PUNCHARD,  D.D.,  Oxon., 
Vicar  of  Cktiat  Chwrch,  LvUon,  Bed$, 


''  Heanton  is  surnamed  Panchardon ;  the  parish  reserveth  charily  the 
old  lord's  name  of  long  antiquity,  and  therewithal  copious  in  some  ages  ;  for 
you  shall  peruse  few  ancient  evidences  in  those  parts,  whereunto  the 
Funchardons  have  not  been  witnesses  ;  yea,  sometimes  two  or  three  of  them. 
I  will  not  avouch  a  remainder  of  them  yet  in  being  (but  it  is  very  probable) : 
if  there  be,  they  have  lost  their  ''don,"  and  are  now  ycleped  only  by  the 
name  of  Punchard." — Wkstcote's  Devon. 


Devon, — The  name  of  Punchard  appears  first  in  England 
on  the  roll  of  Battle  Abbey.  Holinshed  spells  it  Pun- 
chardoun;  Duchesne  Punchardon ;  and  on  the  Dives  Eoll  it 
is  found  as  Pontchardon,  This  last  form  is  the  nearest  to 
Pontcardon,  *  a  village  near  Neauffla,  in  Normandy,  where 
the  family  was  noted  in  the  ninth  and  tenth  centuries. 

Robert  de  Punchardon,  who  came  over  with  William  the 
Conqueror,  received  the  Manor  of  Heanton  (Haginton,  or 
Hainton)  at  the  hands  of  Baldwin  the  Sheriff*.  Other  lands 
at  Blachewilla  and  Mothercombe,  amounting  altogether  to 
four  and  a  quarter  knights'  fees,  were  added  from  the 
confiscated  possessions  of  three  unfortunate  Saxons— Ulf, 
Brismar,  and  Alceric.  Robert's  descendants  in  direct  male 
line  were  lords  of  Heanton- Punchardon  till  the  end  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  when  the  last  of  the  elder  branch  (Sir 
John  Punchard)  divided  his  estates  between  three  daughters 
— Ermegard,  Mabel,  and  Margery — who  married  respectively 
into  the  families  of  Beaumont,  Ralegh,  and  Beauple. 
Ermegard's  son,  Sir  John  Beaumont,  married  Alice  Scuda- 

*  The  word  has  more  than  fifty  variants.  See  an  article  on  '*  The 
Multiplication  of  Suniames,"  by  Arthur  Folkard,  in  the  Antiquary ^ 
No.  81,  vol.  xiv.,  p.  94.  "Pinchard"  however  is  not  a  form  of  Punchard. 
Its  first  possessor  came  also  in  1066,  and  his  name  appears  on  the  Roll  next 
to  Robert  Punchardoun. 


PUNCHARD  OF  HEANTON-PUNOHARDON.        383 

more;  Joan,  their  granddaughter,  married  Sir  James 
Chidleigh,  but  died  without  issue,  and  gave  her  lands  to  her 
cousin,  another  John  Beaumont.  The  heirs  male  of  this 
family  also  were  extinct  in  the  third  generation;  and  Joan, 
the  heiress,  married  a  Basset,  whose  descendants  were 
possessed  of  Heanton  Manor  down  to  recent  times.  Mabel 
Punchard,  the  second  daughter,  who  married  Sir  John 
Kalegh  of  Charnies,  succeeded  to  the  Manor  of  Charles  (in 
the  hundred  of  Shir  well),  and  also  to  West  Buckland. 
Margery,  the  third  sister,  though  twice  wedded,  died 
childless.  And  so  the  direct  line  of  the  Heanton  Punchards 
came  to  an  end. 

The  continental  estates  at  Avesnes  and  St.  Germain, 
Eoche  and  Cetrentost,  were  held  till  1216,  when  they  were 
confiscated  by  Philip  Augustus  of  France. 

But  though  the  senior  stock  at  Heanton  ended  in  1330, 
other  descendants  of  the  first  Robert  held  lands  at  Little 
Bovey,  Kentisbeare,  and  Clanbarrow  down  to  1413. 
One  of  these.  Sir  Kichard  Punchardon,  distinguished 
himself  in  the  French  Wars  of  Edward  ILL,  and  was  made 
a  knight  banneret.  During  the  campaign  of  1356/  which 
ended  with  the  battle  of  Poictiers,  September  19th,  he  was 
caught  in  an  ambuscade,  but  fought  his  way  through  with 
great  valour.*  He  stood  high  in  court  favour,  and  was 
entrusted  by  the  King  with  lands  in  Essex,  Cambridge, 
Wilts,  and  Herts  on  behalf  of  the  infant  heir  of  the  de 
Bensteds.  Under  the  banner  of  the  Black  Prince  Sir 
Bichard  crossed  again  into  France,  and  his  Devon  lands 
received  the  usual  fcedus  de  protectio7ie  *  during  his  absence 
abroad.  Froissart  speaks  of  him  as  Marshal  of  Aquitaine 
in  1366,  at  the  birth  of  Richard  of  Bordeaux. 

Various  members  of  the  family  are  noted  in  the  Testa  de 
Nevill  and  similar  records.  But  from  the  middle  of  the 
fifteenth  century  there  is  silence  concerning  them  for  nearly 
a  hundred  years ;  and  from  1540  the  chief  sources  of 
information  are  parish  registers  and  wills.  Three  or  four 
distinct  families  are  traceable  at  Pilton  and  Barnstaple  from 
1500  to  1800,  only  one  of  which  retained  its  place  among 
gentlefolk,  ending  with  a  girl  (Elizabeth,  born  1672),  who 
married  John  Rowe  in  1692,  and  left  four  children.  Her 
father,  Richard  Punchardon,  is  described  in  his  will,  dated 
1720,  as  a  weaver,  and  died  six  years  later,  very  poor.  One 
member  of  this  family — William  Puncharcl,  of  Pilton — was 

^  FuoisaAHT,  Chron.  ii.  296;  iii.  16,  &c. 
«  33"  Ed.  III. 


'384  PUKCHABD  OF  HKAXTOK-PUXCHARDOK. 

notorious  in  lawsoits,  extending  from  1630  to  1659, 
concerning  the  estate  of  Dorothy  ffontleroy,  with  whom  he 
eloped.  Marriage  connections  were  made  with  several  other 
liamilies  of  good  name — Chichester,  Lnppingcote,  Aishe; 
Harford,  and  Stukeley.  But  the  later  representatives  of  the 
Puncharcts  gradually  went  down  hilL 

About  1550  Lewis  Punchardon,  presumably  of  Barnstaple, 
moved  to  Totnes,  and  founded  a  new  family  there,  whose 
descendants  still  survive  in  that  part  of  Devon.  Wills  of 
these  Totnes  and  Dartmouth  Puncharcts  describe  them  as 
Tintners,  goldsmiths,  farmers;  and  in  one  case  a  bookseller 
(Lewis  + 1 686). 

The  names  connected  by  marriage  are  Staplehill,  Flute, 
Flavel,  Newberry,  Aylwin,  and  Kennant 

It  is  not  however  to  Devonshire  alone  that  we  must  look 
for  the  story  of  this  unfortunate  family.  Younger  sons  of 
the  main  line  at  Heanton  settled  in  Somerset,  Dorset,  Wilts, 
Hants,  Herts,  Norfolk,  and  Durham ;  and  solitary  ad- 
venturers are  found  from  1100  to  1500  in  almost  every 
county  in  England,  occasionally  adding  their  names,  as  did 
their  ancestor  Kobert,  to  the  manors  of  which  they  became 
possessed. 

Somerut. — Early  in  the  thirteenth  century  a  leading 
knight  of  Dunster  Castle,  under  the  fourth  De  Mohun,  was 
William  de  Punchardon,  of  Devon ;  a  grandson  apparently 
of  Eobert.  Amongst  other  fees  received  by  him  from  the 
Earl  of  Somerset  were  St.  Audries  and  Lydiard,  known 
henceforth  as  Lydiard-Punchardon.  The  grandson  of  this 
knight,  also  called  William,  left  an  only  child,  Aubrea,  who 
married  Hamelyn  le  Deaudon.  Here  again  male  issue  failed; 
and  their  daughter  (Mabel)  married  Sir  Baldwin  Malet  of 
Enmore,  to  whom  the  Somerset  feoffs  of  the  Punchards  fell ; 
continuing  with  his  descendants  till  the  time  of  Charles  I., 
when  Arthur  Malet  sold  the  estates. 

Doi'set — The  Dorsetshire  family  is  less  worthy  of  note. 
John,  the  son  of  Hugh  Punchardon,  by  Lucy,  daughter  of 
Reginald  Fitz-piers,  succeeded  to  a  small  estate  at  Mapoudre 
in  1429,  but  was  escheated  shortly  after.  Hugh,  the  last  of 
the  line,  conveyed  his  lands  at  Motcombe  to  John  Toppe,  of 
London,  in  1627. 

Wilts, — In  Wiltshire  the  chief  possessions  were  at  White- 
parish,  in  the  hundred  of  Frustfield,  and  remained  in  the 
name  of  Punchardon  to  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Richard,  Vicar  in  1638,  was  ejected  from  Whiteparish  by 
the  Puritans,  in  favour  of  one  Charles  Luke,  a  Presbyterian. 


PUNCHARD  OF  HEANTON-PUNCHARDON.        385 

John,  the  latest  of  the  family,  lived  till  1652 ;  his  widow, 
Margaret,  died  at  Salisbury  nine  years  afterwards,  the 
principal  legatee  being  "  her  beloved  grandson  Punchardon 
Roberts."  Other  daughters  were  married  into  the  families  of 
(ioter  and  St  Barbe,  and  Punchard  estates  fell  again  to  the 
spindle  side. 

Herts, — In  Hertfordshire  another  of  the  Heanton  family 
won  his  way  to  favour  in  the  time  of  William  II.,  and  was 
seized  of  the  Manor  of  Willian.  Four  generations  followed 
him  in  peace;  the  last  of  whom,  Geoffrey,  was  noted  in 
1275  by  a  grant  of  lands  to  Roger,  twenty-fourth  Abbot 
of  St.  Albans.  The  names  of  these  Punchardons  appear 
several  times  in  similar  grants  or  confirmations. 

Hants. — Perhaps,  however,  for  good  fortune,  certainly  fop 
valiant  deeds  of  arms,  and  munificent  gifts  to  the  Church, 
we  must  turn  to  the  Hampshire  branch;  the  founder  of 
which  was  Sir  Robert  Punchardon,  lord  of  Faccombe  and 
Ellingham,  grandson  to  Robert  the  first  of  Heanton.  Rymer's 
Foedera,  Inquisitions  ad  quod  damnum  and  post  mortem, 
Placita  de  quo  warranto,  HotiUi  litterarum  clausarum,  &c., 
bear  witness  to  favour  and  prosperity,  at  least  for  awhile ; 
but  all  came  to  an  end  with  Walter  Punchardon,  who 
succeeded  to  the  manor  of  Faccombe  in  1466,  and  died 
fourteeen  years  after.  His  father.  Sir  Richard,  was  disseized 
of  Ellingham  by  order  of  Henry  VI.,  and  its  church  of  All 
Saints  and  chapelry  of  St.  Mary  were  given  to  the  King's 
new  college  at  Eton. 

An  earlier  Richard  was  ordered  by  Henry  III.,  in  a  letter 
dated  January  9th,  1233,  to  march  with  Philip  de  Heye  to 
the  castle  of  Devizes,  against  Hubert  de  Burgh,  whose 
mother,  as  we  shall  see  by  the  Norfolk  records,  was  Joan 
Punchard. 

Another  of  the  family,  Nicholas,  was  returned  to  Parlia- 
ment as  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  Northumberland  in  1297. 
Four  years  subsequent  he  was  Commissioner  of  Array,  the 
writ  being  tested  at  Linlithgow,  November  21st,  1301.  He 
survived  the  carnage  of  Bannockburn,  and  attended  the 
Great  Council  of  Edward  II.,  at  Westminster,  in  1324. 
With  him  was  his  kinsman  Oliver,  who,  after  escaping  from 
the  Scots,  was  stripped  of  his  feoffs  in  Berkshire  by  escheat 
in  1316. 

A  disreputable  namesake  of  this  Punchard  was  a  favourite 
of  King  John,  and  often  sent  on  secret  service  by  him ;  in 
reward  for  which  the  Earl  of  Lincoln  had  a  royal  command, 
dated    September   23,    1216,    to   effect   seisin  of    lands  at 


38>>  PTSCHASD  or  BMlSTOS-rVSCBABIKm. 

'Smehw — "dUedo  et  foidi  nodro  Olivero  Punekardtm^  $bu 

.Serenl  of  this  active  line  took  HoIt  Oideis,  and  some 
attaiatd  to  high  nmk;  one  (William)  being  made  sixth 
AblM4    of    Bievaolx    (1 199-1 203),   and    another   dean    of 

Alter  1480  the  Panchards  disappear  from  the  ranks  of 
the  Hamp«>hiie  gentry,  their'  last  enrolment  being  in  the  list 
compiled  bj  oider  of  Cardinal  Beaufort  in  1433.  Bat  in 
162^1  Margaret  Panchardon  received  a  sisters  room  in  St 
Katherines,  near  the  Tower;  and  in  16:^8  a  Richard  was 
glad  Uj  liecome  master  carpenter  of  U.\I.S.  WarspiU,  He 
djring  childless  and  intestate  three  years  later,  administration 
of  his  poor  estate  was  granted  to  Dorothy,  his  relict,  August 
17th,  1631. 

Darhim, — Of  the  Durham  branch  a  weird  story  is  told  by 
Sartees,  concerning  Sir  Hugh  de  Punchardon,  identifying 
him  with  the  Wild  Huntsman  of  Gualtres  Forest.  He  **  for 
his  evill  deeds  and  manifold  robberies  had  been  driven  out 
of  the  Inglische  Court,  and  had  come  from  the  South  to  seek 
a  little  bread,  and  to  live  by  stalinge."  This  "black  Sir 
Hugh  "  was  lord  of  Thickley-Punchardon.  A  soldier  of  this 
line,  Evan,  fou^^ht  at  Lewes  in  1264 ;  and  a  Richard  appears 
as  early  as  1159,  coming  in  all  probability  from  Devon.  The 
name  in  this  county  was,  after  awhile,  contracted  to  Punshon ; 
distinctive  arms  (see  Appendix)  being  granted  by  Norroy, 
September  6,  1575. 

Norfolk. — For  strangest  contrast  of  fortune  there  is  one  more 
branch  to  be  considered — the  East  Anglian.  At  the  opening 
of  the  twelfth  century  William  Puuchard  held  the  manor  of 
North  Tuddenham,  and  after  him  John,  his  only  son.  Once 
again,  in  curious  fatality,  the  lands  fell  to  three  daughters, 
Matilda,  Alice,  and  Joan.  The  eldest  wedded  Sir  Richard 
Belhus,  who  succeeded  to  her  father's  fief;  their  last  descendant 
died  in  1363,  and  left  three  co-heiresses,  who  married  re- 
spectively UEstrange,Bozun,  and  Old  hall.  The  second  daughter 
of  fJohn  Punchard  (Alice)  married  Robert  de  Nerford,  Warden 
of  Dover  Castle,  and,  being  childless,  founded  the  abbey  of 
North  Creyke.  The  third  daughter  (Joan  Punchard)  married 
Walter  de  Burgh,  and  became  the  mother  of  a  famous  race. 
Her  eldest  son  (Geoffrey)  was  Bishop  of  Ely  in  1225,  and 
died  three  years  later.  The  next  born  (William  de  Burgh) 
was  steward  to  Henry  IL,  and  from  him  descend  the  Earls  of 
Ulster  and  Clanricarde.  The  youngest  boy  was  greatest  of 
all,  and  is  best  known  by  his  simple  name  of  Hubert  de 


PUNCHARD  OF  HEANTON-PUNCHARDON.        387 

Bargh.  He  rose  to  be  Earl  of  Kent,  Governor  of  Norwich 
and  Oxford,  and  Grand  Justiciar  of  England.  He  was 
married  four  times;  first  to  Joan,  daughter  of  William  Rivers, 
Earl  of  Devon,  and  widow  of  De  Briose ;  secondly  to  Beatrice, 
daughter  of  William  de  Warenne ;  thirdly  to  Isabel,  youngest 
daughter  of  William  Fitz-Eustace,  Earl  of  Gloucester;  and 
lastly  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  William,  King  of  Scotland. 
Hubert  died  in  1243,  and  through  him  the  ancestral  line  of 
Heanton-Punchardon  was  brought  into  union  with  noble  and 
royal  pedigrees.  No  other  members  of  the  Norfolk  family, 
nor  indeed  any  of  the  English  branches,  have  a  like  renown, 
and  the  rest  of  the  story  is  tame  and  commonplace. 

Alexander  Punchard  of  Apelton  was  manucaptor  of 
Kichard  de  Walsingham,  Knight  of  the  Shire  in  1305 ;  and 
again  for  Kichard  de  la  Kochelle  in  1311.  His  descendants 
lived  at  East  Dereham  till  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century; 
and  their  collaterals,  in  yeoman  families,  are  scattered  about 
Norfolk  still.  Some  of  them  possessed  fair  estates,  and  their 
numerous  wills  are  chiefly  found  in  the  Norwich  Courts. 
About  1660  William  Punchard,  presumably  from  one  of  these 
Norfolk  farms,  emigrated  to  America,  where  he  married 
Abigail  Waters,  at  Salem,  in  1669,  and  their  descendants  are 
at  Boston  still.* 

Suffolk, — Several  of  the  Norfolk  Punchards  came  into 
Suffolk  early  in  the  fifteenth  century.  One  died  at  Eye  in 
1496,  another  at  Bedingfield  in  1506.  From  this  latter 
(William  Punchard^)  most  of  the  Suffolk  families  descend; 
connected  by  marriage  with  Gynner,  ff'yske.  Crane,  Paton, 
Carter,  Camborne,  Peachey,  Folkard,  Symonds,  and  Elgood. 
Almost  all  of  them,  especially  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries,  were  well  to  do;  and  their  wills  are  more  in  number 
aud  interest  than  those  of  other  counties.  But  on  the  whole 
the  drift  of  the  family,  here  as  elsewhere,  has  been  steadily 
downward.  Manors  are  few  and  far  between,  lands  become  less, 
until  the  last  fields  are  conveyed  away,  yeomen  change  to 
husbandmen  and  labourers,  and  whole  families  disappear. 
Few  persons  go  into  trade  or  merchandise;  in  fact,  the  absence 
of  any  calling  is  remarkable :  one  pedigree  of  thirteen  genera- 
tions being  absolutely  free  from  it.  Perhaps  the  landed 
instinct  of  at  least  a  thousand  years  was  hard  to  eradicate ; 

*  Genealogical  notes  of  this  flourishing  American  family  are  given  in  an 
appendix  to  a  sermon  preached  at  the  funeral  of  John  ruuchard,  February 
16,  1857,  by  the  Rev.  S.  M.  Worcester.  He  was  born  in  1763,  fourth  in 
descent  from  William  and  Abigail,  fought  at  Bunker's  Hill  in  1775 — a  boy  of 
twelve — and  became  Town  Clerk  and  Magistrate  of  Salem.  {OhU,  1857.) 

'  The  writer  of  the  present  notes  is  eleventh  in  direct  descent  from  him. 


388 


PUNCHARD   OF  HEANTON-PUNCHARDON. 


and,  for  good  or  evil,  these  Punchards,  gentle  or  simple,  lived 
and  died- "  with  the  land." 

Strangely  enough  in  the  eastern  counties,  as  well  as  in  the 
north,  a  tradition  of  the  race  has  been  true,  that  it  came 
originally  from  Devon.  And  to  Kobert  of  Heanton,  it  is 
fairly  clear,  Punchards  and  Punchardons,  whether  thriving 
or  decaying,  may  look  for  their  ancestral  line. 


APPENDIX. 

ARMS. 

Devon.         Sable,  six  plates;  3,  2,  1. 

Sable,  ten  plates ;  4,  3,  2,  1. 

Hants.         A  fess  sable,  within  a  bordure  gules,  escallops  of  the 

field. 
Argent,  a  fess  within  a  bordure  gules,  charged  with 
eight  escallops  of  the  first. 

Argent,  a  cross  sarcel,  voyded  gules. 

Argent,  a  cross  moline  azure. 
Argent,  a  cross  potence  gules. 

A  fess  embattled,  between  three  sheep's  heads  erased, 


Sornerset, 
Norfolk. 

Durham. 
(Punshon,  1576.)      argent. 


CREST. 


Devon.         An  unicorn's  head  erased  gules,  bezant^e  and  armed  or. 


MANORS   OF   THB   NAMB. 

Ponte-Cardon,  Normandy. 
Heanton-Punchardon,  Devonshire. 
Lydiard-Punchardon,  Somerset. 
Thickley-Punchardon,  Durham. 
Punchardon,  Northumberland. 
Ponchardisland,  Kildare,  Ireland. 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER. 

BY    T.    W.    WINDEATT. 
(Read  at  Torqoay,  Jaly,  1893.) 


Thb  little  town  and  ancient  boroagh  of  Totned  has  during 
its  lengthened  history  been  the  birthplace  of  men,  not  a  few 
of  whom  have  made  their  mark  in  the  world,  and  not  the 
least  of  these  is  one  bom  in  the  present  century — Wills,  the 
Australian  explorer — whose  name  deserves  to  be  enshrined 
in  the  Transactions  of  this  Association. 

William  John  Wills  was  bom  in  Totnes  on  the  5th 
January,  1834,  being  the  son  of  William  Wills,  a  surgeon 
then  practising  in  Totnes,  and  Sarah,  youngest  daughter  of 
William  Galley,  an  old  and  respected  inhabitant.^  They 
both  spent  the  latter  part  of  their  lives  in  and  died  at 
Torquay.  As  a  boy  Wills  seems  to  have  early  developed  an 
enquiring  and  thoughtful  mind.  His  father  says  he  was 
never  a  child  in  the  common  acceptation  of  the  term,  as  he 
gave  early  indication  of  diligence  and  discretion  scarcely 
compatible  with  the  helplessness  and  simplicity  of  such 
tender  years.  He  was  educated  at  the  Ashburton  Grammar 
School,  where  he  went  as  a  boarder  when  eleven  years  of 
age,  and  of  which  school  Mr.  Paige,  who  still  survives,  was 
then  the  head  master.  A  deep  cutting  in  one  of  the  benches 
in  the  old  chapel  of  St  Lawrence,  then  and  now  the 
schoolhouse,  "  W.  J.  WILLS  "  is  still  to  be  seen  and  records 
his  sojourn  there.  Mr.  Fabyan  Amery,  one  of  his  school- 
fellows, speaks  of  him  as  having  always  been  a  very  scientific 
boy,  and  very  observant  of  natural  phenomena,  which  he 
always  tried  to  get  some  scientific  reason  for.  There  appears 
to  have  been  nothing  remarkable  in  his  progress  at  school, 
though   his   master   commended   his   steady   diligence   and 

^  Henry  Le  Visconte,  who  was  first  lieutenant  in  the  Erebus,  and  perished 
in  the  Franklin  Expedition,  was  first  cousin  to  Mrs.  Wills. 


390  WILLS,  THE  AUSTRAUAN   EXPLORER. 

tnuform  propriety  of  conduct  Mr.  Paige  remarked  on  one 
occasion  to  his  father,  **  It  vexes  me  that  John  does  not  take 
a  top  prize,  for  I  see  by  his  countenance  that  he  understands 
as  much,  if  not  more,  than  any  boy  in  my  school ;  yet  from 
want  of  readiness  in  answering  he  allows  very  inferior  lads 
to  win  the  tickets  from  him/' 

He  left  school  when  sixteen  and  commenced  to  study 
medicine  in  his  father's  surgery.  In  1852  he  studied 
practical  chemistry  under  Dr.  John  Stenhouse  at  St 
Bartholomew's  Hospital,  who  spoke  of  him  as  one  of  his 
most  promising  pupils,  and  ventured  the  assurance  that  in 
two  years  he  would  be  second  to  none  in  England  in  practical 
chemistry. 

In  1852  Dr.  Wills  determined  to  join  the  exodus  then 
pouring  out  from  England  to  Australia,  engaged  as  medical 
attendant  on  board  the  BcUlaarat,  and  arranged  to  take  out 
the  subject  of  my  sketch,  and  a  younger  brother  Tom  with 
him.  A  few  days  after  this  arrangement  was  made  Wills 
came  to  his  father,  and  with  that  expression  in  his 
countenance  so  peculiarly  his  own,  said,  "  My  dear  father,  I 
have  a  favour  to  ask  of  you.  I  see  my  mother  is  grieving, 
although  she  says  nothing,  at  our  all  leaving  her  together. 
Let  Tom  and  me  go  alone.  I  will  pledge  myself  to  take  care 
of  him.''  After  a  consultation  this  new  plan  was  agreed 
upon.  Dr.  Wills  released  himself  from  his  engagement  with 
Messrs.  Simpkins  and  Marshall  for  the  Ballaarat,  and  secured 
two  berths  for  the  boys  in  one  of  Mr.  W.  S.  Lindsay's  ships, 
which  at  that  time  were  conveying  living  freights  to 
Melbourne,  their  Channel  port  of  departure  being  Dartmouth. 

Wills's  love  of  knowledge  in  its  details  is  evidenced  by  a 
story  told  by  his  father  of  him  at  this  time.  "  I  found,"  he 
said,  "  that  William  had  shortly  before  sailing  expended  some 
money  on  a  quantity  of  stuff  rolled  up  like  balls  of  black 
rope-yarn,  and  exclaimed  with  astonishment,  *  In  the  name 
of  goodness,  are  you  going  to  chew  or  smoke  all  the  way  to 
Australia  ? ' "  for  the  commodity  was  the  good  old  pigtail 
tobacco.  He  said  smiling,  "  This  is  to  make  friends  with  the 
sailors.  I  intend  to  learn  something  about  a  ship  by  the 
time  we  reach  our  destination."  His  mode  of  proceeding,  as 
he  told  his  father,  was  first  to  secure  the  good  graces  of  the 
crew  through  the  persuasive  medium  of  the  pigtail ;  then  to 
learn  the  name  and  use  of  every  rope,  and  of  every  part  of 
the  ship's  tackle  from  stem  to  stern.  He  thus  soon  acquired 
the  art  of  splicing  and  reefing,  and  was  amongst  the  first  to 
go  aloft  in  a  storm,  and  to  lend  a  hand  in  taking  in  topsails 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALLIN  EXPLORER.         391 

On  arriving  in  Australia  the  two  lads  obtained  situations 
as  shepherds  at  Deniliquin,  about  200  miles  from  Melbourne, 
at  £30  a  year  and  their  rations.  In  August,  1853,  Dr.  Wills 
reached  Melbourne,  but  it  was  some  two  months  after  landing 
before  he  ascertained  his  sons'  location,  and  joined  them  at 
their  sheep  station.  William  subsequently  removed  to 
Ballarat  with  his  father,  where  he  remained  twelve  months 
attending  to  patients  in  his  father's  absence,  and  opening  a 
gold  office,  where  he  perfected  a  plan  of  his  own  for  weighing 
specimens  containing  quartz  and  gold  in  water,  so  as  to  find 
the  quantity  of  each  component.  His  thoughts  and  conver- 
sation were,  however,  constantly  reverting  to  the  interior  of 
the  great  continent,  and  to  the  hope  that  he  would  some  day 
undertake  the  journey  to  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  In  1856 
Wills  obtained  an  appointment  under  Mr.  F.  Byerly,  a 
gentleman  in  the  Survey  Department,  and  under  him  he 
commenced  to  learn  surveying.  A  letter  of  advice  as  to  the 
study  of  science  written  to  his  youngest  brother  at  Totnes 
while  he  was  engaged  on  a  survey  at  an  out  station  (St. 
Amaud)  evidenced  his  earnest  love  of  science,  and  the 
following  paragraph  in  it,  referring  to  the  study  of  astronomy, 
which  I  venture  to  think  worth  quoting,  shows  he  had  no 
difficulty  in  reconciling  science  and  religion : 

'*As  the  great  object  of  the  science  is  the  correction  of  error 
and  the  investigation  of  truth,  it  necessarily  leads  all  those  that 
feel  an  interest  in  it  to  a  higher  appreciation  and  desire  for  truth ; 
and  you  will  easily  perceive  that  a  man  having  a  knowledge  of  all 
these  vast  worlds,  so  much  more  extensive  than  our  own,  must  be 
capable  of  forming  a  far  higher  estimate  of  that  Almighty  Being 
who  created  all  these  wonders  than  one  who  knows  nothing  more 
than  the  comparatively  trifling  things  that  surround  us  on  earth." 

Another  paragraph  at  the  end  of  this  letter  speaks  for 
itself,  and  gives  us  the  key  to  the  man : 

'*  One  other  piece  of  advice  I  must  give  you  before  I  shut  up ; 
that  is,  never  try  to  show  ofif  your  knowledge,  especially  in  scientific 
matters.  It  is  a  sin  that  certain  persons  we  know  have  been  guilty 
of.  The  first  step  is  to  learn  your  own  ignorance,  and  if  ever  you 
feel  inclined  to  make  a  display,  you  may  be  sure  you  have  as  yet 
learned  nothing." 

In  1860  an  expedition  was  organized  by  the  colony  of 
Victoria  for  the  exploration  of  Australia,  and  to  ascertain 
the  nature  of  the  interior  of  the  great  continent,  which  was 
then  a  sealed  book;  for  up  to  that  time  the  efforts  towards 


392  WILLS,   TUE   AUSTRALIAN   EXPLORER. 

exploration  had  been  confined  to  lonely  wanderings  through 
the  outer  boundaries  of  the  unknown  continent,  and  opinions 
varied  as  to  wliether  the  interior  was  a  vast  inland  sea,  as 
Oxley  and  the  first  of  the  explorera  believed,  or  whether  it 
was  a  stony  desert  unfit  for  man  and  beast,  as  Start 
concluded. 

Mr.  Ambrose  Kyte,  whose  name  was,  however,  concealed 
from  the  public  at  the  time,  ofl'ei-ed  £1,000  as  an  inducement 
to  the  Government  and  others  to  come  forward  and  raise 
funds  for  the  exploration.  Tarliament  voted  4*6,000,  and 
subscriptions  from  the  public  raised  the  fund  to  £9,000.  A 
Committee  of  the  Koyal  Society  undertook  the  super- 
intendence of  the  arrangements.  Twenty- four  camels  were 
imiK)rted  from  India  with  native  drivers,  and  provisions  and 
stores  for  twelve  months  were  provided.  After  considerable 
delay  the  choice  of  a  leader  fell  upon  Kolxjrt  O'Hara  Burke, 
lie  was  forty  years  of  age,  an  Irishman  from  county  Gal  way. 
When  quite  a  youth  he  served  in  an  Austrian  cavalry 
re"i">t*nt,  and  subsequently  in  the  Irish  Constabulary  and 
the  l*olice  Force  of  Victoria ;  possessing  bravery  and  dauntless 
coura<»e,  he  had  no  special  aptitude  or  scientific  training  to 
lead  such  an  Expedition.  He  was  enthusiastic  and  impul- 
sive but  was  unfortunately  without  the  indispensable 
experience  of  a  seasoned  bushmau. 

*  The  appointment  of  second  in  command  fell  upon  Mr.  G.  I. 

Ijindells,  who  owed  his  jneferment  to  the  circumstance  of 

his  having  been  empluyed  to  bring  the  camels  from  India,  an 

ainH)iutment,  however,  which,  as  the  se([uel  shows,  was  a 

luiwt  unfortunate    one.      Wills,   who   by   this   time    was    a 

seasoned  bushman,  with  great  powers  of  endurance,  tendered 

1  is  services  as  astronomer  and  guide  without  thinking  of  any 

I.  .•  ^|.   post    of   command,   his    object    being    exclusively 

ntific    Pr-    Ludwick    I>ecker   was   appointed   naturalist 

^  A  artist,  Dr-  Herman    Beckler  as   botanist  and  medical 

*^  .         jgn  white  men,  among  whom  was  John  King  (a 

•atB  soldier)  and  three  sepoys,  were  appointed  to  accom- 

^^^   the  Expedition. 

^  ThTexplorers  left  Melbourne  on  the  20th  August,  18G0, 

I  oDOBiderable  enthusiasm ;  nearly  the  whole  population 

*"*    ndlnc  ordinary  business,  and  turning  out  to  witness  the 

su*P"3Wib  ^^yQ^  of  Melbourne  publicly  addressed  them. 

***^i«AHi  them  God-speed,  and  through  the  settled  districts 

'^««tfteB»,  ^Wch  was  slow,  was  a  kind  of  triumphal 

^      vTto  W^^  marked    out    for   them    was   to  strike 

tdbWwJ-     T^jftnirthBn  the  lower  I>arcoo  (Cooper's  Creek), 


WILLS,   THE  AUSTRALIAN   EXPLORER.  393 

and  from   that    point  to    go  northwards  to  the  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria. 

Swan  Hill,  on  the  Murray,  which,  properly  speaking,  was 
the  northern  boundary  of  the  colony  of  Victoria,  was  reached 
on  September  8th.  At  Balranald,  beyond  the  Murray,  Burke 
found  it  impossible  to  get  on  any  longer  with  his  foreman 
(Ferguson)  and  discharged  him.  He  had,  however,  no  sooner 
rid  himself  of  this  troublesome  man  than  Mr.  Landells,  his 
second  in  command,  began  to  sow  dissension,  and  to  exhibit 
insubordination  in  an  unmistakable  manner.  This  reached  a 
crisis  by  the  time  they  came  to  Menindie,  on  the  Darling,  and 
after  a  violent  scene  Landells  resigned,  returning  to 
Melbourne  full  of  violent  complaints  against  Burke,  and 
Dr.  Beckler  was  foolish  enough  to  follow  Landells'  example 
of  resigning,  on  the  alleged  ground  that  he  did  not  like  the 
way  Burke  spoke  to  Landells.  Fortunately  for  Burke's 
reputation  a  very  full  account  of  all  that  took  place  was 
written  at  the  time  by  Wills  to  Professor  Neumayer,  and  the 
committee  expressed  their  entire  approbation  of  Burke's 
conduct,  an  opinion  shared  in  by  the  general  public,  as 
evidenced  by  the  newspapers  of  that  date.  Burke,  on  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  Landells,  immediately  promoted  Wills  to 
the  post  he  had  vacated,  which  appointment  the  committee 
confirmed.  Here  there  was  perfect  union  and  reciprocal 
understanding.  Neither  had  petty  jealousies  or  reserved 
views.  The  success  of  the  expedition  was  their  object,  not 
personal  glory  their  aim.  The  leader  had  every  confidence 
in  his  second,  and  the  second  was  proud  of  his  leader.  But 
Mr.  Burke  committed  an  error  in  the  selection  of  Mr.  Wright 
for  the  third  position  in  command,  without  any  previous 
knowledge  or  experience  of  his  capabilities.  In  this  he  acted 
from  his  impulsive  nature,  and  the  consequences  bore  heavily 
on  his  own  and  Wills*  fate. 

Burke  then  made  his  second  mistake  by  dividing  his  party, 
and  on  19th  October  left  Menindie,  where  he  had  formed  a 
dep6t,  with  about  one  half  of  his  number,  leaving  the  others 
behind,  and  made  a  rush  to  the  Barcoo.  He  reached 
Torowota  on  29th  October,  and  from  that  encampment 
forwarded  a  despatch,  and  an  exhaustive  surveying  report 
from  Wills,  to  the  secretary  of  the  expedition.  In  his  own 
despatch  Burke  said : 

'*I  consider  myself  very  fortunate  in  having  Mr,  Wills  as  my 
second  in  command.  He  is  a  capital  officer,  zealous  and  untiring 
in  the  performance  of  his  duties,  and  I  trust  he  will  remain  my 
second  as  long  as  I  am  in  charge  of  the  expedition.'' 

VOL,  XXV.  2  C 


324  WULS,  THE  AJOTtAllAS   1X?1£«T» 


to  McsiiKae  wnh  lastractiooi  to 
Ulk/w  Idm  up  vish  the  r&z&uzMier  of  ibe  cuaels  to  Cooper's 
Cv^  juwi  Wrigxit  fc:r;«irif  Mr-.iuwi  be  g»Te  Bake  bis  void 
touke  tLe  Rsuifider  of  the  panj  oci  fts  sewn  ms  be  unred 
at  UemiidkL  Tbis,  Loverer.  be  cciiii^d  to  do,  mud  nn- 
MfXfjQXiiMj  dtiAjed  TLt*tiT?g  SDj  sz^r^  niiiii  ibe  26di  Janumij, 
Ihfjfl^  ^lA  u>  tbis  Griioiiul  <k:iAT  i&at  be  anzibaled  tbe 
wbole  ctf  tbe  cmsbizig  fit^a-g^er  vbkb  sibscqcemlj  ovvrtocd^ 
tbe  exp€^iitk>ii. 

Owper^s  Cn^ek,  vbere  a  camp  was  fonned,  vms  reached  on 
tbe  lltb  Norember.  In  a  leuer  to  o&e  of  bis  sisters  from 
tbere  Wills  describes  tbe  place  as  foUovs : — 

^  To  ipw^  joa  an  idea  of  Coopex^s  Creek,  &dct  extenaTe  flal^ 
mad  J  piaint,  QCfT«red  whb  berbs  dried  like  bar,  and  imagine  a 
cvwk  or  nr^,  aoxLewlttt  nzzuJjx  in  appeannce  aikd  da  to  tbe  Dart 
abore  the  Wm,  winding  ita  waj  tlm>ugb  tbese  diU»  barii^  ila 
baaka  debxelj  dfJthtd  whb  gam  trees  and  oiber  eTex^Teena.  So 
far  \h0£n  appcan  to  be  a  eonsvieiable  reeembknce,  bat  now  for 
tbe  diiI«r»Ace.  TLe  water  6i  Coopers  Creek  is  only  a  number  of 
waterboka.  In  some  places  it  entiielj  disappears^  tbe  water  in 
flood4iiiJie  fpreading  all  oTer  tbe  flats,  and  forming  no  r^olar 
efaanneL" 

"Wliile  awaiting  the  arrival  of  tbe  taidj  Wrigbt»  sbort 
explorations  of  the  adjoiniDg  country  were  made,  chiefly  by 
Wills,  with  the  view  of  examining  two  or  three  promising 
rout^  to  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  On  the  last  of  tbese 
trips  Wills  penetrated  eighty  miles,  and  would  have  gone 
furtlier,  but  the  men  in  charge  of  the  camels  fell  asleep  and 
let  them  escaj^,  and  the  return  had  to  be  done  on  foot  in  a 
broiling  Hun  of  146  degrees,  no  shade,  and  very  little  water. 

]m[/atient  at  Wright's  delay,  and  irritated  almost  to 
marinesH  in  waiting  for  him,  and  seeing  the  time  slipping  by, 
liurke  and  Wills  determined  to  make  a  dash  for  the  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria  while  the  opportunity  still  remained  to  them. 

liurke  again  divided  his  small  party,  and  taking  Wills, 
King,  and  Grey,  one  horse,  six  camels,  and  three  months' 
provisions,  started  on  Sunday,  the  ICth  December,  for  a  dash 
across  the  continent.  Four  men — Brahe,  Patten,  McDonnough, 
and  iJost  Mahomet — with  six  camels  and  twelve  horses,  were 
left  at  the  camp  at  Cooper  s  Creek,  which  was  made  a  depot, 
and  Brahe  placed  in  charge  until  the  arrival  of  Wright  or 
some  other  person  duly  appointed  by  the  committee  to  take 
command  of  the  remainder  of  the  expedition  at  Menindie. 
A  surveyor  was  expected  to  be  sent  on  to  assist  Wills,  and 
plenty  of  work  was  laid  out  for  all  until  the  return  of  Burke 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLOBER.        395 

and  Wills — Brahe  receiving  the  most  positive  orders  to 
remain  at  Cooper's  Creek  until  this  took  place,  three  or 
four  months  being  named  as  the  possible  time  of  absence. 

Wills  strongly  advised  a  direct  course  northward  for  the 
exploring  party,  but  Burke  hesitated  to  adopt  it  unless  he 
could  feel  confident  of  a  supply  of  water.  The  more  westerly 
course  was  therefore  adopted  at  the  commencement  of  the 
journey ;  but  after  a  day  or  two  they  turned  to  the  east,  and 
scarcely  deviated  throughout  from  the  141st  degree  of  east 
longitude. 

Wills  kept  a  diary  giving  a  full  account  of  the  journey 
to  the  Gulf  from  the  start  to  February,  1861,  which  contains 
very  interesting  details  of  each  day's  progress.  The  first 
point  the  explorers  made  for  was  Eyre's  Creek,  and  on  their 
first  day's  journey  they  came  upon  a  large  tribe  of  blacks, 
who.  Wills  says,  came  pestering  them  to  go  to  their  camp 
and  have  a  dance,  and  nothing  but  a  threat  to  shoot  them 
would  keep  them  away.  They  were  fine-looking  men,  but 
decidedly  not  of  a  warlike  nature.  The  explorers  crossed 
Sturt's  supposed  "stony  desert,"  and  did  not  find  it  the 
melancholy  waste  or  bad  travelling  they  were  led  to  expect. 

On  20th  December  they  came  upon  a  large  camp  of  not 
less  that  forty  or  fifty  blacks,  who  brought  them  presents  of 
fish,  for  which  they  gave  them  beads  and  matches.  On 
Christmas-eve  they  reached  Gray's  Creek,  and  took  a  day's 
rest  to  celebrate  the  festival.  Their  camp  was  really  an 
agreeable  place,  an  oasis  in  the  desert ;  for  there  they  had 
all  the  advantage  of  food  and  water  attendant  on  the  position 
of  a  large  creek  or  river,  free  from  the  annoyance  of  the  ants, 
fties,  and  mosquitoes  invariably  met  with  amongst  timber  or 
heavy  scrub.  The  following  day  they  struck  a  meignificent 
creek  coming  from  the  N.N.W.,  and  this  they  followed  until 
the  30th,  by  which  time  it  had  tended  considerably  to  the  N.K. 
This  stream  has  since  received  the  name  of  "  Burke's  Creek." 
The  country  adjacent  they  found  an  alternation  of  sand 
ridges  and  grassy  plains.  On  8th  January  they  came  into 
green  and  luxuriant  country,  improving  at  every  step.  Flocks 
of  pigeons  rose  and  flew,  and  fresh  plants  and  rich  vegetation 
met  the  eye  on  every  side.  On  the  10th,  passing  over  fine 
open  plains,  they  came  to  the  main  creek  in  those  flats, 
"Patten's  Creek,"  flowing  along  the  foot  of  a  stony  range. 
From  here  they  pushed  on  over  fairly  good  country,  coming 
repeatedly  upon  blacks  in  their  way,  some  of  whom,  being 
surprised  by  the  explorers  coming  suddenly  upon  them,  fled, 
dreadfully  frightened.     On  the  30th  January,  1861,  having 

2  0  2 


396         WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  KXPLORER. 

got  to  within  a  comparatively  short  distance  of  the  shores  of 
Carpentaria,  Burke  and  Wills  determined  to  leave  Gray 
and  King  in  charge  of  the  camels,  one  of  whom,  having  got 
logged  in  the  creek,  had  already  been  left  behind,  and  to 
proceed  onwards  on  foot,  leading  the  horse.  The  river  or 
creek  down  which  they  passed,  and  which  was  quite  salt,  is 
named  in  the  journal  the  Cloncurry.  The  channel  making 
a  sudden  turn.  Wills  remarked  that  it  might  be  a  new  river. 
"  If  it  should  prove  so,"  said  Burke,  "  we  will  call  it  after  my 
old  friend  Lord  Cloncurry." 

In  crossing  Billy's  Creek  the  horse  got  bogged  in  a  quick- 
sand, and  was  with  difficulty  rescued.  They  came  again  on 
blacks,  who  shuffled  off,  and  near  their  fire  was  a  fine  hut^ 
the  best  they  had  ever  seen,  built  on  the  same  principle  as 
those  at  Cooper's  Creek,  but  much  larger  and  more  complete. 
Hundreds  of  wild  geese,  plovers,  and  pelicans  were  enjoying 
themselves  in  the  watercourses  on  the  marshes,  the  water  of 
which  was  too  brackish  to  be  drunk.  They  then  soon  came 
to  a  channel  through  which  the  sea-water  entered.  Here 
they  passed  three  blacks,  who  pointed  out  unasked  the  best 
way  down.  Next  morning  they  started  at  daybreak  for  the 
sea,  leaving  the  horse  behind  short  hobbled.  Here  Wills' 
diary,  from  which  I  have  been  quoting,  abruptly  ends,  and 
was  not  resumed  until  the  19th  February,  when  they  had 
already  started  on  their  fatal  homeward  journey.  Burke  did 
not  keep  any  regular  journal,  but  in  his  notes,  under  date  of 
the  28th  March,  1861,  he  says:  "At  the  conclusion  of  the 
report  it  would  be  as  well  to  say  that  we  reached  the  sea> 
but  could  not  obtain  a  view  of  the  open  ocean,  although  we 
made  every  endeavQur  to  do  so."  There  is  no  doubt  what- 
ever that  the  two  explorers  reached  the  verge  of  the  northern 
ocean.^ 

Having  thus  accomplished  the  grand  object  of  their  expe- 
dition Burke  and  Wills  rejoined  Gray  and  King,  where  they 
had  left  them  with  the  camels,  and  the  four  proceeded 
together  on  the  return  journey  on  the  13th  February.  Wills' 
notes  on  their  scamper  back  to  Cooper's  Creek  are  brief  but 
powerful.  An  incessant  rainfall  made  the  country  boggy, 
and  added  to  their  troubles.  On  the  2nd  March,  at  Salt-bush 
Camp,  they  found   Golah,  the  camel  which  they  had  been 

*  In  the  account  of  McKinla/s  Expedition  from  Adelaide,  in  August,  1861, 
it  is  mentioned  that  when  he,  in  the  following  February,  found  himself  on 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  dense  walls  of  mangrove  barred  his  way  to  the  shore, 
and  there  can  he  little  doubt  that  it  was  the  same  obstacle  which  prevented 
Burke  and  Wills  from  viewing  the  open  sea. 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER.         397 

obliged  to  leave  behind  on  the  outward  journey.  It  was 
thin  and  miserable,  and  had  fretted  at  finding  itself  left 
behind,  but  began  to  eat  as  soon  as  it  saw  the  other  camels. 
On  5th  March  Burke  became  ill  from  eating  part  of  a  large 
snake  which  they  had  killed,  and  poor  Golah,  being  com- 
pletely done  up,  and  unable  to  come  on,  even  when  pack  and 
saddle  were  taken  ofT,  had  to  be  finally  left  behind.  On  13th 
March  it  rained  so  heavily  that  Wills  had  to  put"  his  watch 
and  field-book  in  the  pack  to  keep  them  dry.  All  the  creeks 
became  flooded,  and  the  poor  travellers  had  to  seek  shelter 
under  some  faUen  rocks.  Their  journey  was  now  slow,  as 
they  had  to  keep  on  the  stony  ridge  instead  of  following  the 
flats,  which  were  very  boggy  owing  to  the  rain.  On  the  20th 
they  commenced  to  lighten  the  loads  of  the  camels  by  leaving 
60  lbs.  weight  of  things  behind.  Rain  continued  to  fall  in 
torrents,  and  the  ground  they  passed  over  was  at  times  either 
full  of  water  or  covered  with  slimy  mud.  The  names  given 
to  some  of  their  camps  by  Wills — viz.,  "Humid  Camp," 
"  Muddy  Camp,"  "  Mosquito  Camp,"  show  some  of  the  trials 
they  had  to  encounter.  Gray,  who  had  been  complaining  of 
dysentery,  stole  some  of  the  flour,  and  was  punished  by 
Burke.  Five  days  after  this  (March  30th)  the  camel  Boocha 
was  killed  for  food  at  a  place  which  by  gentle  irony  they  called 
"Boocha's  llest";  and  on  the  10th  April  the  horse,  which 
was  reduced  and  knocked  up  from  want  of  food,  was  killed 
also.  Down  to  the  17th  nothing  very  noteworthy  is  recorded. 
On  that  day — the  beginning  of  the  end — Wills  records  the 
death  of  Gray,  whom  the  others  had  thought  to  be  shamming. 
The  survivors  sorrowfully  buried  him  in  the  lonely  bush : 
they  were  so  weak  that  it  was  with  difficulty  they  could  dig 
a  grave  sufficiently  deep  to  lay  him  in.  After  a  day's  delay 
to  rest  their  wearied  limbs  they  pushed  on,  but  in  a  most 
exhausted  state,  straining  every  nerve  to  reach  the  goal  of 
their  arduous  labours,  their  legs  almost  paralysed,  so  that  it 
was  a  trying  task  to  walk  a  few  yards.  Four  days  afterwards 
they  were  cheered  by  the  sight  of  the  familiar  landmarks  of 
their  old  camp  at  Cooper's  Creek.  King  describes  in  vivid 
language  the  delight  of  Burke  when  he  thought  he  saw  the 
dep6t  camp.  "  There  they  are  ! "  he  shouted.  "  I  see  them." 
But,  alas !  the  wish  was  father  to  the  thought.  There  was  no 
one  there.  Lost  and  bewildered  in  amazement,  he  appeared 
like  one  stupefied  when  the  horrible  truth  that  the  camp 
had  been  deserted  burst  upon  him.  He  was  quite  over- 
whelmed, and  flung  himself  on  the  ground  broken-hearted. 
Wills  looked   about  him  in  all  directions,  and  presently 


398  WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER. 

taming  to  King  said,  "They  are  gone,"  and  pointing  a  short 
way  off  added,  "  There  are  the  things  they  have  left."  Calm 
and  quiet  as  ever,  he  never  once,  as  King  testified,  showed 
the  slightest  anger  or  loss  of  command  of  himself. 

On  a  tree  was  marked  "Dig  21st  April,"  and  from  under 
it  a  box  was  extracted  containing  provisions,  and  a  bottle 
with  a  note  from  Brahe  conveying  the  mortifying  intelligence 
that  he  had  ordy  seven  hours  before  abandoned  the  depot,  and 
was  encamped  fourteen  miles  away,  that  he  had  remained 
four  months  at  Cooper's  Creek,  and  that  Wright  had  not 
turned  up  with  the  supplies.  The  explorers  felt  that, 
exhausted  as  they  were,  it  was  useless  to  attempt  to  overtake 
Brahe.  They  rested  for  two  days,  and  on  the  morning  of 
Thursday,  April  23rd,  Burke,  Wills,  and  King,  strengthened 
by  the  provisions  they  had  found,  resumed  their  journey. 
Wills  and  King  were  desirous  of  following  their  track  out 
from  Menindie,  but  unfortunately  Burke  preferred  striking 
for  the  South  Australian  stations,  having  heard  it  positively 
stated  at  a  meeting  of  the  Royal  Society  that  there  were 
settlers  within  100  miles  of  Cooper  s  Creek.  Wills  deferred 
to  his  leader,  and  so  they  went  to  their  destruction,  making 
for  Adelaide  vid  Mount  Hopeless  (ominous  name).  There 
was,  in  fact,  nothing  to  commend  this  route,  while  everything 
was  in  favour  of  that  by  the  Darling.  The  one  road  they 
knew  nothing  of,  the  other  was  familiar  to  them,  and  as 
a  matter  of  fact  the  nearest  police  station  on  the  Adelaide 
line  of  march  was  distant  between  four  and  five  hundred 
miles.  Before  starting  Wills'  journals  were  buried  in  the 
cache,  with  the  following  note  from  Burke : 

"  Depot  No.  2,  Cooper's  Creek  Camp,  65. 

"The  return  pai-ty  from  Carpentaria,  consisting  of  myself, 
Wills,  and  King  (Grey  dead),  arrived  here  last  night  and  found 
that  the  dep6t  party  had  only  started  on  the  same  day.  We 
proceed  on  to-morrow,  slowly  down  the  creek  towards  Adelaide  by 
Mount  Hopeless,  and  shall  endeavour  to  follow  Gregory's  track ; 
but  we  are  very  weak.  The  two  camels  are  done  up,  and  we  shall 
not  be  able  to  travel  faster  than  four  or  five  miles  a  day.  Grey 
died  on  the  road  from  exhaustion  and  fatigue.  We  have  all 
sufiered  much  from  hunger.  The  provisions  left  here  will,  I  think, 
restore  our  strength.  We  have  discovered  a  practicable  route  to 
Carpentaria,  the  chief  position  of  which  lies  in  the  140°  of  east 
longitude.  There  is  some  good  country  between  this  and  the 
Stony  Desert  From  thence  to  the  tropics  the  land  is  dry  and 
stony.  Between  the  Carpentaria  a  considerable  portion  is  rangy, 
but  well  watered  and  richly  grassed.     We  reached  the  shores  of 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER.  399 

Carpentaria  on  the  11th  of  February,  1861.    Greatly  disappointed 
at  finding  the  party  here  gone. 

^*  (Signed)  Robert  O'Hara  Burke,  Leader. 

"April  22nd,  1861. 

"P.S. — The  camels  cannot  travel,  and  we  cannot  walk,  or  we 
should  follow  the  other  party.  We  shall  move  very  slowly  down 
the  creek." 

By  slow  stages  the  doomed  explorers  moved  on  day  by 
day  through  what  was  little  better  than  a  desert.  The  second 
and  third  days  they  came  upon  some  friendly  blacks,  who 
gave  them  fish.  On  28th  April  one  of  the  two  remaining 
camels  got  bogged  by  the  side  of  a  water  hole,  and  it  being 
impossible  to  get  him  out,  he  was  shot  the  next  day,  his  flesh 
providing  them  with  food.  On  May  7th  the  remaining 
camel  would  not  rise  even  without  any  load  on  its  back,  and 
after  making  every  attempt  to  get  him  up  they  had  to  leave 
him  to  himself.  Burke  and  Wills  then  went  down  the  creek 
to  reconnoitre,  and  fortunately  fell  in  with  some  blacks 
fishing,  who  gave  them  food  and  took  them  to  their  camp, 
where  they  passed  two  nights.  Some  days  after,  being 
pressed  for  food,  several  excursions  were  made  to  find  the 
blacks  again,  but  without  success.  On  May  17th,  however, 
King  unexpectedly  came  upon  the  nardoo  plant,  the  seed  of 
which  is  powdered  by  the  natives  and  baked  into  a  cake. 
This  discovery  raised  their  spirits,  as  they  considered  that 
with  this  food  they  would  be  able  to  support  them'selves,  even 
if  they  had  to  remain  on  the  creek  and  wait  for  assistance 
from  town.  On  27th  May  Wills  started  alone  to  the  dep8t 
at  Cooper's  Creek  to  see  if  any  relief  had  arrived. 

Brahe — who,  it  will  be  remembered,  deserted  his  post  at  the 
depot  only  seven  hours  before  the  wearied  explorers  returned 
there — fell  in  with  Wright's  party  at  Balloo  on  his  way  to  the 
Darling  on  the  28th  or  29th  April,  and  on  the  3rd  May 
Wright  started  with  him  for  the  depot,  which  they  actually 
reached  on  the  9th.  It  seemed  fated,  however,  that  blunder 
should  succeed  blunder,  for  here  they  remained  but  a  quarter 
of  an  hour,  and  casting  but  a  hurried  glance  around  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  the  depot  had  not  been  visited  in  the 
interval,  and  with  fatal  and  criminal  neglect  never  even 
opened  the  cache.  Had  they  done  so  the  papers  and  letters 
deposited  would  have  been  found,  and  all  would  yet  have 
been  welL  Wills,  who  had  met  natives  on  the  way,  and 
been  given  food  by  them,  arrived  at  Cooper's  Creek  on  this 
return  visit  on  the  30th  May,  and  naturally  enough  failed  to 


400         WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER. 

discover  it  had  been  re-visited  by  Wright  and  Brahe,  who 
had  left  no  record  behind  them.  He  opened  the  cache, 
buried  the  remainder  of  his  journal  and  letters,  with  the 
following  touching  note : — 

^  "  Dep6t  Camp,  May  30th. 

"We  have  been  unable  to  leave  the  creek.  Both  camels  are 
dead,  and  our  provisions  are  exhausted.  Mr.  Burke  and  King  are 
down  the  lower  part  of  the  creek.  I  am  about  to  return  to  them, 
when  we  shall  probably  come  up  this  way.  We  are  trying  to  live 
the  best  way  we  can,  like  the  blacks,  but  find  it  hard  work.  Our 
clothes  are  going  to  pieces  fast.  Send  provisions  and  clothes  as 
soon  as  possible.  •*  W.  J.  Wills." 

"The  depdt  party  having  left  contrary  to  instructions,  has  put 
us  ^n  this  fix.  I  have  deposited  some  of  my  journals  here  for 
fear  of  accident.  «<  ^  j^  \y  »» 

Wills  then  started  to  rejoin  Burke  and  King.  He  received 
kindly  assistance  on  the  way  from  the  blacks,  and  rejoined 
his  companions  on  6th  June.  His  diary  which  he  continued 
to  keep  was  brief  but  expressive.  They  had  little  but  nardoo 
to  live  upon,  and  though  it  allayed  the  pangs  of  hunger,  it 
contained  little  nourishment ;  the  poor  fellows  were  literally 
starving  to  death.  In  his  diary  under  date  of  21st  June 
Wills  says : — 

"  I  feel  much  weaker  than  ever,  and  can  scarcely  crawl  out  of 
the  mia-mia?  Unless  relief  comes  in  some  form  or  other  I 
cannot  possibly  last  more  than  a  fortnight.  It  is  a  great  consola- 
tion at  least,  in  this  position  of  ours,  to  know  that  we  have  done 
all  we  could,  and  that  our  deaths  wHi  rather  be  the  result  of  the 
mismanagement  of  others  than  of  any  rash  act  of  our  own. 
Had  we  come  to  grief  elsewhere,  we  could  only  have  blamed 
ourselves ;  but  here  we  are  returned  to  Cooper's  Creek,  where  we 
had  every  reason  to  look  for  provisions  and  clothing,  and  yet 
have  to  die  of  starvation,  in  spite  of  the  explicit  instructions 
given  by  Mr.  Burke,  that  the  depot  party  should  await  our  return, 
and  the  strong  recommendation  by  the  Committee  *  that  we  should 
be  followed  up  by  a  party  from  Menindie.' " 

He  suffered  much  from  cold,  his  clothing  was  reduced  to  a 
wide  awake,  a  merino  shirt,  a  regatta  shirt  without  sleeves, 
the  remains  of  a  pair  of  flannel  trousers,  two  pairs  of  socks 
in  rags,  and  a  waistcoat.  Wills  finding  his  weakness 
increasing,  it  was  resolved  that  Burke  and  King,  as  the  only 
chance  of  saving  the  party,  should  go  in  search  of  natives, 
and  having  collected  and  pounded  sufficient  nardoo  seed  to 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER.         401 

last  Wills  for  eight  days,  they  constructed  a  rude  shelter  of 
boughs  for  him,  placed  water  and  firewood  within  his  reaoh, 
and  took  a  sorrowful  farewell  of  him,  Wills  giving  Burke  a 
letter  and  his  watch  for  his  father,  and  telling  King  if  he 
survived  Burke  to  carry  out  his  last  wishes^  In  a  postscript 
to  this  letter  Wills  says,  **  I  think  to  live  about  four  or  five 
days.  My  spirits  are  excellent"  On  the  29th  June  Wills 
made  his  last  entry  in  his  diary,  shewing  that  he  maintained 
his  calmness  of  spirit  and  resignation  to  the  last. 

^^  Friday ^  2^th  June^  1861. — Clear,  cold  night ;' slight  breeze 
from  the  east ;  day  beautifully  warm  and  pleasant.  Mr.  Burke 
Bufifers  greatly  from  the  cold,  and  is  getting  extremely  weak.  He 
and  King  start  to-morrow  up  the  creek  to  look  for  the  blacks ;  it  is 
the  only  chance  we  have  of  being  saved  from  starvation.  I  am 
weaker  than  ever,  although  I  have  a  good  appetite,  and  relish  the 
nardoo  much  ;  but  it  seems  to  give  us  no  nutriment,  and  the  birds 
here  are  so  shy  as  not  to  be  got  at.  Even  if  wo  got  a  good  supply 
of  fish,  I  doubt  whether  we  could  do  much  work  on  them  and  the 
nardoo  alone.  Nothing  now  but  the  greatest  good  luck  can  save 
any  of  us ;  and  as  for  myself  I  may  Uve  four  or  five  days  if  the 
weather  continues  warm.  My  pulse  is  at  forty-eighty  and  very 
weak,  and  my  legs  and  arms  are  nearly  skin  and  bone.  I  can  only 
look  out,  like  Mr.  Micawber, '  for  something  to  turn  up.'  Starvation 
on  nardoo  is  by  no  means  very  unpleasant,  but  for  the  weakness 
one  feels,  and  the  utter  inability  to  move  one's  self;  for  as  far  as 
the  appetite  is  concerned  it  gives  the  greatest  satisfaction.  Cer- 
tainly fat  and  sugar  would  be  more  to  one's  taste ;  in  fact,  those 
seem  to  me  to  be  the  great  stand-by  for  one  in  this  extraordinary 
continent — not  that  I  mean  to  depreciate  the  farinaceous  food,  but 
the  want  of  sugar  and  fat  in  all  substances  obtainable  here  is  so 
great  that  they  become  almost  valueless  to  us  as  articles  of  food 
without  the  addition  of  something  else. 

(Signed)  "W.  J.  Wills." 

We  are  now,  alas !  nearing  the  end  of  this  ill-fated  expe- 
dition. Burke  and  King  had  not  travelled  many  miles  when, 
on  the  second  day  from  leaving  Wills,  Burke  gave  in  from 
sheer  weakness,  and  died  early  the  next  morning.  King 
remained  two  days  to  recover  strength,  and  then  returned  to 
where  they  had  left  Wills,  taking  back  with  him  three  crows 
he  had  shot,  and  nardoo  he  had  discovered,  and  was  shocked 
to  find  Wills  lying  dead  in  his  gunwah,  where  he  would 
appear  to  have  sunk  quietly  to  rest,  but  in  utter  loneliness, 
a  few  hours  after  Burke  and  King  had  left  him.  King 
buried  the  corpse  with  sand,  and  remained  there  some  days 
prostrated  at  the  death  of  his  companions,  and  at  being  left 


402         WILI^,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER. 

alone  in  the  vast  v^ilderness.  The  nardoo  running  short,  and 
being  unable  to  gather  it,  he  tracked  some  of  the  natives  by 
their  footprints  in  the  sand,  and  eventually  fell  in  with  a 
number  of  them,  who  were  kindly  disposed,  and  so  was 
preserved  from  the  fate  of  his  companions. 

The  Exploration  Committee  at  Melbourne  seem  by  their 
supineness  to  have  helped  on  the  final  catastrophe.  Although 
informed  of  the  criminal  delay  of  Wright  at  Menindie,  they 
took  no  steps  to  urge  his  departure  from  there.  Dr.  Wills, 
our  hero's  father,  unable  to  bear  the  suspense  in  the  month 
of  June,  walked  with  a  small  pack  on  his  shoulders,  and  a 
stick  in  his  hand,  from  Ballarat  to  Melbourne,  a  distance  of 
seventy-five  miles,  and  his  energetic  appeals  led  to  a  search 
party,  under  Mr.  A.  W.  Howitt,  being  sent  out 

Two  of  the  three  camels  lost  on  one  of  the  excursions  at 
Cooper's  Creek  on  the  way  out  were  discovered  in  South 
Australia  and  brought  to  Adelaide.  News  of  this  reaching 
Melbourne  excited  the  interest  of  the  public,  and  doubtless 
contributed  to  the  awakened  energy  of  the  Committee.  In 
connection  with  this  Mr.  Fabyan  Amery  has  contributed  a 
strange  and  interesting  story.  He  tells  me  that  a  Mr.  James 
Wills,  who  had  been  a  servant  at  the  Ashburton  Grammar 
School,  in  special  attendance  upon  the  boarders,  whilst  Wills 
was  a  pupil  there,  was,  in  1861,  residing  with  his  wife,  whom 
he  had  married  in  the  Colony,  on  the  banks  of  the  Murray 
river ;  and  one  morning  Mrs.  Wills,  casting  her  eyes  around 
the  horizon,  spied  in  the  far  distance  two  animals,  which  with 
quick  feminine  decision  she  declared  to  be  camels.  This  she 
mentioned  to  her  husband,  who  ridiculed  the  idea,  as  no 
camels  were  ever  known  in  Australia.  She  persisted  in  her 
opinion,  and  started  towards  them  to  satisfy  her  curiosity. 
Sure  enough  they  proved  to  be  two  camels,  undoubtedly  two 
of  those  who  had  escaped  from  the  ill-fated  expedition,  and 
which,  with  the  wonderful  instinct  of  their  species,  had 
sniffed  the  water  at  a  great  distance,  and  in  an  almost 
exhausted  state  were  making  for  the  river.  Mrs.  Wills  went 
up  to  them,  when  the  youngest  came  and  ate  out  of  her 
hand.  Her  husband  immediately  gave  information  to  the 
police,  which  he  understood  was  forwarded  to  the  Governor 
of  Victoria,  and  which  he  always  believed  led  to  the 
despatch  of  the  Eelief  Expedition.  Howitt  started  early  in 
July,  1861,  taking  Brahe  with  him,  who  had  come  down  with 
Wright's  despatches,  and  made  all  speed  to  Cooper's  Creek. 
On  13th  September  he  arrived  at  the  fatal  depot,  and 
on  the  15th  King  was  discovered  sitting  in  a  hut  which  the 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAK  EXPLORER.        403 

natives  had  made  for  him.  He  presented  a  mekmcholy 
appearance,  wasted  to  a  shadow,  and  only  distinguishable  as 
a  civilized  being  by  the  remnants  of  clothes  upon  him.  As 
soon  as  King  was  well  enough  to  accompany  them  the  relief 
party  proceeded  down  to  the  place  where  Wills  died.  The 
remains  were  found,  carefully  collected,  and  interred  where 
they  lay,  Howitt  reading  that  sublime  chapter — 1  Corin- 
thians xi. — and  cutting  the  following  inscription  on  a  tree 
close  by  to  mark  the  spot : 


W.  J.   WILLS 

XLV  Yds 

W.  N.  W. 

A.   H. 


Burke's  remains  were  subsequently  discovered  and  buried, 
wrapped  in  a  Union  Jack.  Howitt  then  returned  to  Mel- 
bourne, taking  King  with  him.  He  subsequently  went  back 
again,  disinterred  the  remains  of  Burke  and  Wills,  and 
brought  them  to  Melbourne,  where,  after  lying  solemnly  in 
state,  they  were  accorded  a  public  funeral,  and  so — 

**  After  life's  fitful  fever  they  sleep  well." 

No  one  who  has  read  the  simple  records  of  this  great 
expedition,  with  all  its  blunders — so  successful  as  far  as  its 
great  object  was  concerned,  but  so  fatal  as  regards  the 
precious  lives  of  the  explorers — but  must  admire  the  character, 
actions,  and  quiet  heroism  of  Wills.  None  of  the  blunders 
which  led  to  the  disaster  which  befell  the  Expedition  are 
traceable  to  him.  Throughout  the  toilsome  journey  he  main- 
tained his  quiet,  equable  temperament.  Loyal  to  his  leader 
he  deferred  to  his  wishes,  never  complained  of  or  reflected 
on  others,  continued  and  carefully  recorded  his  scientific 
observations  to  the  last,  and  laid  himself  down  to  die  in  utter 
loneliness  in  the  vast  wilderness  with  perfect  resignation  and 
calmness,  as  if  he  were  but  falling  asleep  in  his  father's  arms; 
and  "  his  works  do  follow  him  " ;  for  they  opened  up  the  way 
to  the  march  of  civilization,  and  have  been  rich  in  results. 
The  greater  part  of  the  country  he  explored  is  now  in  a  state 
of  cultivation,  with  homesteads  containing  prosperous  settlers 
in  all  directions,  and  so  early  as  1867  a  stage  coEich  was  run- 
ning not  many  miles  from  where  he  and  Burke  laid  down 
their  lives.     The  testimony  of  the  colonists  to  Wills  was  on 


404 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN  EXPLORER. 


all  sides  that  of  admiration  for  his  devoted  heroism,  appreci- 
ation of  the  scientific  results  achieved  by  him,  and  deep 
regret  at  the  sacrifice  of  his  young  and  promising  life. 

Sir  Henry  Barkly,  the  Governor  of  Victoria,  in  a  letter  to 
his  mother,  said  of  Wills :  "  You  may  rely  upon  it  that  the 
name  of  William  John  Wills  will  go  down  to  posterity,  both 
at  home  and  in  this  colony,  amongst  the  brightest  of  those 
who  have  sacrificed  their  lives  for  the  advancement  of  scien- 
tific knowledge  And  the  good  of  their  fellow-creatures."  Dr. 
Mueller,  of  the  Melbourne  Botanical  Gardens,  who  as  a 
tribute  to  his  memory  named  a  new  plant  in  the  Australian 
Flora  EremophUa  Willsiiy  "to  record  by  botany  the  glory 
never  to  be  forgotten  of  the  intrepid  and  talented  but  most 
unfortunate  Wills,"  maintained  that  it  was  only  by  his  skilful 
guidance  and  scientific  talents  that  the  great  geographic 
success  of  the  expedition  was  achieved. 

A  portion  of  the  city  was  directed  to  be  thereafter 
named  Wills  Street  by  order  of  the  Governor.  A  massive 
obelisk  was  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  two  martyrs 
in  the  cemetery  where  they  were  buried;  and  on  April 
21st,  1866,  a  monument  raised  to  them  by  the  Victorian 
Legislature  at  a  cost  of  £4,000,  consisting  of  a  statue  of  each 
of  these  two  distinguished  explorers,  was  unveiled  by  the 
Governor  in  Collins  Street,  one  of  the  principal  thorough- 
fares of  Melbourne.  The  day  chosen  for  the  ceremony 
was  the  fourth  anniversary  of  the  return  of  Burke  and 
Wills  to  Cooper's  Creek,  and  their  surviving  companion 
King  was  present  on  the  occasion,  which  to  him  must  have 
been  one  of  mingled  sorrow  and  pleasure. 

Wills  was  not  forgotten  in  his  native  town.  The  inhabi- 
tants, aided  by  the  contributions  of  Devonshiremen  in 
Australia,  erected  a  granite  obelisk  on  the  plains  containing 
this  inscription: 


IN   HONOUR  OF 

WILLIAM  JOHN  WILLS 

NATIVE    OF  TOTNE8 

The  First  with  Burke  to  Cross  the 

australian  continent 

he  perished  in  returnina  28th  june 

1861. 
Erected  by  Public  Subscription 

AUGUST    1884. 


WILLS,  THE  AUSTRALIAN   EXPLORER.  405 

And  though  more  than  thirty  years  have  passed  since  his 
death  Wills  is  not  forgotten  in  the  colony;  for  only  last 
year  one  of  the  colonists  from  Devon,  Mr.  Angel,  who 
returned  from  South  Australia  on  a  visit  to  Totnes,  and 
to  his  native  parish  of  littlehempstone,  finding  the  inscrip- 
tion on  the  memorial  becoming  obliterated  had  it  renewed  on 
a  tablet  of  white  marble  let  into  the  granite,^  that  the  coming 
race  may  not  be  unmindful  of  the  patient  and  courageous 
life  and  heroic  death  of  this  Devonshire  hero,  the  martyred 
Wills. 

*  Since  this  paper  was  written  Mr.  F.  Horn,  marble  mason,  of  Totnes,  has 
executed  a  snccessfol  medallion  of  WiUs,  which  has  been  let  into  the  obelisk 
above  the  tablet. 


SOME  FUETHER  NOTES  ON  EXMOUTH  WARREN. 

BT    J.     M.     MARTIN,     G.E.,     ETO. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  Jaly,  1898.) 


Ik  the  years  1872  and  1876  I  had  the  honour  of  submitting 
to  this  Association  papers  on  the  gradual  wastage  of  the 
outer  Warren,  with  some  speculations  on  the  cause  thereof, 
and  suggestions  for  its  prevention.  The  subject  was  also 
treated  by  my  friend,  Mr.  Ussher,  in  papers  likewise  read 
before  this  Association  in  1876  and  1878 ;  and  down  to  the 
latter  of  these  dates,  the  information  contained  in  these  papers 
gave  a  fair  general  history  of  the  Warren,  and,  so  far  as  was 
then  known,  the  rate  at  which  it  was  being  wasted  away.  The 
chief  object  of  the  present  paper  is  to  trace  the  course  and 
rate  of  this  action  down  to  the  present  day ;  but  I  wish  first 
of  all  to  touch  on  one  point,  which  to  my  mind  has  never 
been  sufficiently  considered. 

Captain  Peacock,  F.E.G.S.,  whose  observations  of  the 
Warren  extended  over  the  long  period  from  his  arrival  in 
Starcross  in  1816,  to  the  time  of  his  reading  in  May,  1869, 
before  the  Exeter  Naturalists'  Club  at  Starcross,  a  paper 
which  was  the  stimulus  to  my  own  interest  on  the  subject, 
therein  laid  great  stress  on  the  mouth  of  the  river  having 
formerly  been  close  under  Langstone  Cliff. 

The  gallant  captain  (who  probably  knew  more  about  the 
Warren,  and  took  a  greater  professional  interest  therein,  than 
any  man  now  living),  took  pains  to  find  out  all  the  evidence, 
traditional  and  otherwise,  which  lent  ground  for  this  belief, 
and  this  evidence  I  now  propose  to  examine. 

The  earliest  traditional  evidence  mentioned  in  his  paper 
of  May,  1869,  appears  to  have  been  derived  by  him  in  1846 
from  "  an  old  intelligent  inhabitant  of  Exmouth,  Mr.  Samuel 
Bricknell,  then  seventy-four  years  of  age."  From  him 
Captain  Peacock  heard  '*  that  his  grandmother,  Anne  Lytton, 


SOME  FUBTHJER  NOTES   ON  EXMOUTH  WARREN.  407 

who  died  in  1805,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety,  had 
frequently  mentioned  to  him  her  having,  when  a  girl,  often  at 
low-water,  walked  across  from  Exmouth  beach  to  the  Wsoren 
tields  on  stepping  stones  to  milk  the  cows  grazing  there,  and 
that  a  channel  at  that  time  existed  at  Langstone  Point,  the 
Warren  being  then  an  extensive  island  at  high  water,  with 
farm  houses ;  and  the  elder  branches  of  her  family  had  often 
mentioned  that  in  their  recollection  the  channel  by  Langstone 
Point  was  the  main  entrance  of  the  river,  the  anchorage  and 
deep  water  being  off  Starcross." 

Then  follows  mention  of  a  chart  "believed  to  be  of 
Spanish  origin,  the  harbour  being  said  to  have  been  surveyed 
by  a  Spanish  hydrographer  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  about 
the  year  1556,  by  means  of  which  a  Danish  skipper,  in  the 
year  1791,  sought  to  enter  Exmouth  harbour  by  way  of 
Langstone  Point.  This  chart  showed  the  entrance  at 
Langstone  Point,  oij  which  were  marked  pilots'  houses/* 

This  rests  mainly  on  the  evidence  of  Captain  Thomas 
Smith,  RK,  of  Lympstone,  formerly  attached  to  the 
Hydrographical  Department  of  the  Admiralty,  who  believed 
what  he  had  stated,  but  had  not  seen  the  map.  His  informa- 
tion respecting  it  was  derived  indirectly  from  a  Captain 
Boberts  of  Exmouth,  a  great  friend  of  his  father's,  who 
brought  the  chart  ashore  and  wished  to  purchase  it  as  a 
cui^osity,  but  the  owner  refused  to  part  with  it. 

The  only  printed  authority  for  the  western  entrance  quoted 
by  Captain  Peacock  is  Polwhele,  who  wrote  the  history  of 
Devon  in  1797,  and  speaking  bf  the  Warren  says,  "The 
mouth  of  the  Exe  was  formerly  much  to  the  south  of 
Exmouth  towards  Starcross ;  at  that  time  the  bar  of  sand  " 
(the  words  "  meaning  the  Warren  "  are  here  interpolated  by 
Captain  Peacock)  '*was  connected  with  the  mainland  of 
Exmouth,  but  since  the  time  that  the  Exe  altered  its  course, 
and  running  towards  Exmouth  broke  through  the  bar  of 
sand  "  (**  the  Warren  "  again  interpolated)  "  it  has  been  curious 
to  trace  Exmouth  Fort  on  the  Starcross  side,  where  a  cannon- 
ball  has  been  found  buried  in  the  sands,  with  several  vestiges 
of  a  fortification." 

Polwhele's  statement,  as  quoted,  is  the  only  tangible  one ; 
but  the  author  refers  to  matters  belonging  to  an  era  long 
prior  to  his  own,  and  does  not,  as  usual  with  him,  quote  his 
authority;  besides,  Starcross  does  not  lie  to  the  south  of 
Exmouth,  but  north-west. 

Mrs.  Lytton,  or  rather  Mr.  Bricknell,  speaking  of  her 
recollection,  might  easily  have  misunderstood  or  unthinkingly 


408  SOME  FUBTHEB  NOTES   ON   EXMOUTH  WARREN. 

accepted  the  leading  questioDs  put  by  Captain  Peacock  (who 
had  apparently  formed  his  theory  and  sought  confirmation 
thereof),  and  unconsciously  gave  him  information  concerning 
Bull  Hill  and  the  Shilley,  which,  as  we  shall  see,  fulfilled  the 
conditions  described,  and  not  concerning  the  Warren. 

The  above-named  Captain  Smith,  as  reported  by  Captain 
Peacock,  further  stated  "  that  the  shoals  now  called  Bull  Hill 
and  Shilley,  were  at  that  time  high  sand  hills  like  the  highesi 
grouTid  of  the  Warren^  and  were,  in  fact,  a  continuation  of 
Exmouth  Point,  which  extended  to  within  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  of  the  opposite  shore  called  Woolcomb's  Island,  and 
contained  several  acres  of  good  pasturage,  the  north-west 
point  being  the  landing  place  from  Spreat  or  Street  Point  on 
Woolcomb's  Island,  where  Starcross  now  stands.  Woolcomb's 
Island  was  a  high  ridge  of  gravel  lying  close  to  the  shore 
opposite  the  main  road  leading  to  Kenton,  and  was  only 
surrounded  by  water  at  high  spring  tides ;  for  the  convenience 
of  getting  to  the  ferry  at  all  times,  a  causeway  was  made  at  a 
spot  called  Stoplake,  now  Staplake." 

If  this  be  correct,  and  confirmation  will  be  afforded  later 
on,  there  was  a  regular  footpath  and  ferry  between  Exmouth 
and  Starcross,  and  some  shallow  intervening  water  between 
Exmouth  Point  and  the  Street  Point  side  of  the  ferry  may 
have  been  crossed  on  stepping  stones  as  described  by  Mrs. 
Lytton,  and  as  a  similar  channel  was  crossed  at  Staplake. 

The  farm  houses  located  by  Mrs.  Lytton  on  the  Warren 
were  probably  those  on  the  land  crossed  by  the  footpath,  for 
Captain  Peacock  says  "Shilley  is  said  to  have  had  a  farm 
house  and  strawberry  gardens  on  it  as  late  as  1796,"  which  is 
seven  years  before  Mrs.  Lytton's  death. 

After  the  great  storm  of  26th  November,  1703,  in  which 
Winstanley's  Eddystone  Lighthouse  was  destroyed,  much 
devastation  was  caused  along  the  margin  of  the  Exe ;  the  build- 
ings on  Woolcomb's  Island — now  Starcross — were  washed 
away,  and  Bull  Hill  and  Shilley  were  converted  into  islands — 
the  Courtenay  family  built  an  embankment  from  Powderham 
Point  to  Eastdon,  below  Starcross,  to  prevent  a  recurrence  of 
the  disaster;  and  about  the  middle  of  the  century  the 
embankment  was  completed  by  the  construction  of  a  wall  to 
exclude  the  tides,  but  with  sluices  to  permit  the  escape  of 
the  river  water.  About  the  same  time  also  a  new  channel 
was  cut  for  the  river  Kenn  along  the  face  of  the  sloping 
ground  between  South  Town  and  the  old  channel,  to  carry 
off  the  water  at  a  higher  level,  and  obviate  the  ponding  in 
the  low  ground  behind  the  sluices  which  had  previously 


80MB  FURTHER  NOTES  ON  EXMOUTH  WARREN.    409 

occurred  whenever  they  were  closed  by  the  rising  tide  of  the 
Exe. 

Prior  to  the  execution  of  these  works,  the  estuary  of  the 
Kenn  and  of  the  GofiT  or  Gove  at  Gockwood  were  undoubtedly 
navigable,  the  former  up  to  or  beyond  Powderham  Castle,  and 
the  latter  to  near  Covetown,  now  Cofton.  There  are  two  inns  at 
Gockwood,  at  the  mouth  of  this  estuary,  the  ''Ship"  and  the 
"Anchor;"  and  there  is  also  an  "Anchor"  at  Kenton,  but 
how  far  the  latter  tends  to  show  that  the  Kenn  was  navigable 
up  to  that  point  is  uncertain,  though  the  former,  which  was 
anciently  of  so  much  importance  as  to  be  shown  on  a  sketch 
map  of  Exmouth  Harbour  in  1540,  was  undoubtedly  used  for 
navigation  as  late  as  the  close  of  the  last  century.  With 
regard  to  the  Kenn,  however,  there  was,  and  may  still  be,  an 
oil  painting  in  Powderham  Gastle,  showing  the  Kenn  in  front 
of  it  at  high  water ;  and  the  late  Mr.  Parfitt,  in  an  admirable 
paper  on  the  "Natural  History  of  the  Warren,"  read  in  1869, 
quoting  Brice  (1802)  says,  "a  boat  and  timbers  were 
discovered  some  years  since,  many  feet  below  the  surface, 
in  Lord  Courtenay's  Park." 

The  exclusion  of  the  tidal  waters  of  these  valleys  from  the 
Exe  would  undoubtedly  tend  to  lessen  the  scour  of  the  ebb 
on  the  Starcross  side  of  the  river,  and  permit  the  silting  up 
of  the  deep  channel  which  previously  existed  there.  "  Even 
as  late  as  1812,  vessels  drawing  thirteen  feet  used  to  lie 
alioat  off  the  village,  where  there  is  not  now  more  than 
three  feet  depth."  This  was  uttered  by  Gaptain  Peacock  in 
1869,  and  the  statement  is  confirmed  by  the  navigating 
charts.  That  by  Lieutenant  Loney,  of  1829,  shows  a  depth 
of  thirteen  feet  just  below  Starcross,  and  the  Admiralty 
charts  of  1851  and  1892  show  in  the  former  a  depth  of  six 
to  seven  feet,  and  in  the  latter  three  to  four  feet,  which 
confirms  Gaptain  Peacock's  notion  of  the  gradual  silting  up 
of  this  channel.  But  that  this  is  any  way  dependent  on  the 
suggested  change  in  the  position  of  the  river's  mouth  is 
quite  another  question.  The  exclusion  of  the  tidal  water 
from  the  Kenn,  and  the  consequent  loss  of  scour,  is  sufficient 
to  account  for  the  silting  up  of  the  deep  Starcross  channel, 
especially  when  we  consider  that  the  process  was  accelerated 
by  the  deflection  to  the  eastward  of  the  main  current  of  the 
river  by  the  extension  of  the  canal  to  Turf,  and  the  con- 
struction of  the  embankment  therefrom  to  Powderham  Point, 
early  in  the  present  century.  Before  these  works  were 
executed  the  deep  water  or  main  channel  was  close  to 
Starcross ;  it  is  now  half  a  mile  therefrom,  and  lies  between 

VOL.   XXV.  2d 


410  SOME  FURTHER  NOTES  ON   EXMOUTU   WARREN. 

Bull  Hill  and  the  sandbank  called  on  the  Gin.  Ordnance 
map,  Starcross  Sand,  with  which  Bull  Hill  was  at  one  time 
connected. 

On  the  other  hand  the  Exmouth  passage  of  the  river  to 
the  sea  confessedly  existed  before  the  construction  of  these 
works,  and  was  therefore  not  affected  by  them.  Lang's  map 
of  1787  shows  the  Warren  substantially  as  it  now  exists,  and 
must  have  existed  many,  possibly,  scores  of  centuries  before 
any  of  them  were  conceived ;  and  the  deep  pool  or  anchorage 
called  "The  Bight"  is  now  in  precisely  the  same  position 
that  it  occupied  in  the  earliest  age  of  which  we  have  any 
record. 

With  further  regard  to  Polwhele,  an  extract  from  whose 
writings  I  have  quoted  from  Captain  Peacock's  paper  (the 
origined  of  which  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  in  the  Institu- 
tion copy  of  his  History  of  Devon\  I  cite  one  or  two  passages 
which  bear  on  this  part  of  the  subject : — 

1.  Vol.  i.,  p.  23. — "  Still  receiving  other  little  rivers,  the  Exe 
rolls  on,  a  large  body  of  water,  about  one  mile  broad  from 
Powderham  Banks  to  Lympstone.  Thus  proceeding,  the  river  hath 
now  Starcross  on  the  west ;  which,  having  passed,  it  makes  a  quick 
turning  towards  the  east,  finding  a  barrier  to  its  direct  course  in  a 
vast  sandbank  that  extends  near  two  miles  from  west  to  east,  and  is 
now  called  the  Warren,  from  its  having  been  loug  stocked  with 
rabbits.  Thus  turned  and  contracted  in  its  channel,  the  river 
winds  round  a  flat  projecting  point,  which  runs  out  from  the  town 
of  Exmouth,  and  then  rusjies  over  a  bar  of  sand  7iear  the  Check- 
stone  into  the  British  Sea," 

2.  Vol.  ii.,  p.  214. — **  Exmouth,"  says  Leland,  "  is  a  ffischar  toun, 
let  a  little  within  the  haven  mouth."  And  Eisdon,  passing  from 
Powderham  Castle  to  Exmouth,  thus  writes,  "  Near  this  Castle  Exe 
hath  his  last  tribute,  with  a  wider  channel  and  curled  waves, 
shedding  itself  into  the  sea  thereof,  called  Exmouth,  anciently 
Exanmouth,  where  for  the  inhabitants'  more  ease,  is  a  chapel 
erected  within  the  parish  of  Littleham.  Here  (as  Hollingshead 
hath  it)  was  sometime  a  castle,^  but  now  the  place  hath  no  other 
defence  than  a  barred  haven,  and  the  inhabitants'  valour." 

"  Exmouth  "  (says  Brice)  "  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Exe, 
about  ten  miles  from  Exeter.  Here,  over  the  bar,  hath  the  Exe  its 
influx  into  the  sea,  and  here  dwell  the  pilots  who  take  the  charge 
of  bringing  ships  over  the  bar,  as  far  up  as  Topsham." 

These  quotations  do  not  confirm  that  which  I  have  already 
extracted    from   Captain    Peacock's   paper,    but    assert   the 

^  At  Gun  Point  stood  the  castle,  as  tradition  says,   "This  eminence  is 
commanding  ;  and  there  are  apparently  some  vestiges  of  embrasures." 


SOME  FUBTHBB  NOTES  ON  EXMOUTH  WARREN.  411 

contrary.  According  to  my  extracts  from  Polwhele,  the 
Castle  was  not  on  the  Warren,  but  on  Gun  Point,  immediately 
over  the  coastguard  station.  The  ancient  mouth  of  the  Exe 
was  not  on  the  Langstone  side,  but  over  a  bar  of  sand  near  the 
Checkstone  (which  is  close  under  Gun  Point  where  the  castle 
was,  and  distant  therefrom  just  400  yards),  and  Brice  says, 
"here  dwell  the  pilots,"  and  not  at  Langstone  Pointy  as 
shown  on  the  somewhat  apocryphal  map  of  the  Spanish 
hydrographer. 

Leland  (1539),  moreover,  says,  "  There  Ijrith  a  great  waste 
plaine  and  barren  sandy  field  at  the  west  Me  and  very  point 
of  Exmouth  haven,"  and  Westcote  speaks  of  the  Check- 
stones  "standing  at  the  mouth  of  the  river." 

The  ancient  maps  tell  the  same  story :  Christopher 
Saxton's  (1579)  shows  the  Checkstone  in  the  middle  of  the 
river's  mouth.  Speed's  (1611)  has  the  word  "Checkstons" 
at  the  extreme  point  of  the  Warren,  west  of  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  and  Eisdon's  shows  the  Warren  projecting  as  it 
now  does,  towards  the  site  occupied  by  the  Coastguard  station, 
but  does  not  mention  or  show  the  Checkstone. 

The  whole  difficulty  has  arisen  from  confusing  Langstone 
Point  with  Starcross, 

I  have  been  thus  prolix  because  I  wish  to  lay  effectually 
the  ghost  of  this  phantom  Langstone  Point  Passage,  in 
which  I  never  have  believed,  and  which  in  my  opinion  has 
never  existed  since  the  last  upheaval  of  the  land.  Prior 
to  that  the  estuary  was  an  open  one. 

In  my  earlier  papers  on  this  subject  the  leading  features  of 
the  loss  of  area  the  Warren  had  suffered  down  to  1876  were 
generally  stated.  I  have  since  found  means  of  ascertaining 
the  rate  of  loss  in  various  epochs,  which  are  all  within  the 
period  of  precise  knowledge,  by  carefully  reducing  all  the 
surveys  I  have  been  able  to  get  hold  of  and  deemed  trust- 
worthy, to  the  uniform  scale  of  six  chains  to  an  inch,  and 
from  the  plans  thus  produced,  calculating  separately  with 
great  exactness  the  areas  of  the  outer  and  inner  Warrens, 
the  enclosed  lake,  and  foreshores,  all  of  course  outside  the 
railway. 

The  result  is  given  in  the  table  shown  on  page  412. 


2  D  2 


412 


80ICI  rUBTHKR  VOTES  OH  EXMOUTU  WABREN. 


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SOME  FURTHER  NOTES  ON  BXMOUTH  WARREN.  413 

The  most  important  column  in  this  table  is  No.  6,  which 
shows  the  total  area  of  the  outer  and  inner  Warrens  and  the 
lake,  that  is,  the  area  enclosed  by  the  Great  Western  Bailway 
on  the  west,  and  high  water  mark  on  the  outer  and  inner 
Warrens, -on  the  north  and  the  south-east.  The  foreshores  are 
a  doubtful  quantity,  as  the  area  would  much  depend  on  the 
state  of  the  tides  when  the  surveys  were  made : — the  same 
remark  will  apply,  though  in  a  less  degree,  to  the,  internal 
lake ;  but  in  the  sixth  column  this  is  regarded  as  included  in 
the  triangular  block  which  lies  within  the  boundaries  given 
above,  and  any  fluctuations  in  its  area  do  not  affect  the  main 
issue. 

There  is  no  map  of  Mr.  Whittlesey's  survey  in  existence,  if 
he  ever  made  one,  and  the  area  of  the  comparatively  valueless 
foreshore  was  probably  somewhat  roughly  estimated :  it  does 
not  even  appear  whether  he  included  the  foreshore  or  not. 

The  sixth  column  shows  that  between  1787.  and  1809,  the 
area  enclosed  by  the  high  water  mark  had  decreased  from 
275  a.  3  r.  to  270  a.  1  r.  in  the  interval  of  twenty-two  years, 
giving  an  annual  decrease  of  a  quarter  of  an  acre  per  annum. 
Between  1809  and  1839  the  rate  of  decrease  was  accelerated 
to  two-fifths  of  an  acre  per  annum  ;  probably  in  consequence 
of  the  formation  of  a  wide  gap  in  the  sea  front,  and  the 
washing  away  of  the  island  bluff  opposite  the  coastguard 
station  by  a  dreadful  gale  in  1824.  From  1839  to  1851  the 
annual  loss  increased  to  two  and  a  half  acres.  During  this 
interval  the  railway  wall,  which  cut  off  the  supply  of  gravel, 
&c.,  from  the  cliffs  to  the  westward,  was  built,  and  the  remark- 
able series  of  storms  occurred  which  made  the  great  gap 
in  the  outer  Warren,  which  still  exists,  and  abraded  its  sea 
face  to  a  very  great  extent. 

The  annual  loss  from  1851  to  1888  decreased  to  one  acre 
per  annum,  but  in  this  long  period  there  have  been  no 
storms  that  have  breached  the  outer  wsirren,  the  wasting 
having  occurred  on  the  sea  face,  which  has,  however,  been 
abraded  to  such  an  extent  as  to  lay  open  the  heads  of  four 
gulfs  which  previously  extended  from  the  central  depression 
towards  the  sea,  which  now  constitute  breaks  in  the  high  sea 
front,  although  not  breaches  actually  made  by  any  unusually 
violent  action  of  the  sea. 

These  details  fully  confirm  the  evidence  previously  given 
as  to  the  continuous  loss  of  area ;  and  as  the  loss  now  falls 
almost  entirely  upon  the  outer  Warren,  it  is  evident  that,  at 
the  present  rate  of  decrease,  it  will  entirely  disappear  in 
about  sixty  years. 


414  SOME  FUBTHEK  NOTES  ON  EXMOUTH  WARREN. 

I  have  ever  since  I  took  up  this  subject  in  1869  haa 
a  strong  opinion  that  the  loss  of  area  was  much  accelerated 
by  the  cutting  off  of  the  supply  of  material  by  the  railway 
wall ;  yet  as  a  similar  action  had  been  going  on  long  before 
then,  and  still  continues,  some  other,  and  continuous,  cause 
must  exist,  which  will  account  for  the  uninterrupted  loss 
constantly  going  on. 

In  my  earliest  paper  will  be  found  this  question,  ''Are 
the  agencies  tending  to  destroy  the  Warren  assisted  by  any 
change  of  the  levels  of  the  land  and  water,  whereby  the 
degrading  effects  are  accelerated,  and  which  would  render 
any  attempts  at  its  preservation  as  a  natural  breakwater 
of  doubtful  utility  ? 

There  is  no  absolute  proof  that  such  is  the  case,  but  I  think 
there  is  much  in  a  remark  by  Mr.  Ussber  on  this  pointy  in  his 
paper  of  1878,  that  deserves  most  serious  consideration.  He 
suggested  the  idea,  which  was  also  entertained  by  Mr. 
Godwin-Austin,  that  there  had  been  a  temporary  cessation 
in  the  depression  of  the  land  which  submerged  the  forests 
all  around  our  western  peninsular  coasts,  accompanied  by 
a  slight  elevation,  which  permitted  the  formation  of  the 
Wan  en ;  and,  the  depression  having  recommenced,  the  gradual 
subsidence  would  create  conditions  which  would  doubtless 
lead  to  the  gradual  waste  of  the  bank. 

I  have  deferred  remarking  upon  this  theory  until  I  should 
have  completed  my  record  of  facts,  as  shown  in  the  table,  which 
quite  accord  with  Mr.  Ussher's  suggestion ;  but  at  the  same 
time,  as  I  raised  the  question  of  variation  of  level,  I  offered 
to  assist  in  ascertaining  the  present  relative  level  of  land  and 
sea  from  the  Ordnance  mark  fixed  at  Axmouth  in  1838,  which 
is  one  of  the  termini  of  a  set  of  levels  taken  for  the  purpose  of 
determining  the  comparative  level  of  the  sea  in  the  English 
and  Bristol  Channels.  If  this  be  done,  the  truth  or  fallacy  of 
the  suggestion  will  be  demonstrated. 

If  it  should  eventually  be  confirmed,  the  question  of 
the  protection  of  the  Warren,  and  its  maintenance  as  a 
breakwater  against  the  sea,  would  be  best  solved  by  converting 
it  into  a  living  barrier;  which  may  be  done  by  irrigating 
it,  after  proper  levelling  and  sloping,  wuth  sewage. 

The  action  of  the  County  Council  in  insisting  upon  the 
abstraction  of  all  sewage  from  rivers  has  created  some  activity 
on  the  part  of  all  Sanitary  Authorities,  and  prominently 
amongst  them  the  Exeter  Town  Council.  This  august  body, 
in  1870,  received  a  report  on  the  "  Disposal  and  Utilization 
of  the  sewage  of  the  city  "  from  their  then  Surveyor,  Mr. 


SOME  FURTHER  NOTES   ON   EXMOUTH  WARREN.  415 


• 


Charles  E.  Ware,  C.E.,  which  I  thoroughly  endorsed  at  the  time ; 
and  which,  in  face  of  all  the  processes  which  have  since  been 
promulgated  I  still  adhere  to  as  the  most  feasible,  cheapest, 
and  most  effectual  of  any  that  have  been  propounded ;  but 
under  a  more  recent  law,  upon  which  the  County  Council 
are  acting,  it  does  not  go  quite  far  enough. 

Mr.  Ware's  proposition,  emphatically  confirmed  and  some- 
what amplified  by  his  successor,  Mr.  H.  Percy  Boulnois^  C.E, 
was  to  carry  the  sewage  along  the  towing-path  of  the  canal, 
which  is  on  an  embankment  sufficiently  elevated  to  command 
by  gravitation  some  800  or  900  acres  of  irrigable  land  It 
was  further  proposed  to  discharge  any  surplus  over  that 
required  for  irrigation  into  the  tidal  gutway  below  Turf  Lock. 

This  the  County  Council  would  assuredly  not  permit, 
but  there  is  no  reason  why  the  outfall  sewer  should  not 
be  continued  to  Langstone  Point,  to  discharge  into  the  open 
sea  any  surplus  not  required  for  the  irrigation  of  the  land 
above  mentioned,  and  the  Warren. 

The  land  at  Craigentinny,  irrigated  with  the  sewage  of 
Edinburgh,  is  composed  of  sheer  sand  like  that  of  the  Warren, 
but  is  covered  with  luxuriant  grass  down  to  and  below  high- 
water  mark,  and  is  actually  encroaching  on  the  sea,  which 
massive  stonework  had  previously  been  unable  to  protect  it 
against.  Besides  this,  the  process  has  been  found  pre- 
eminently profitable. 

A  similar  application  of  sewage  to  the  outer  Warren  would 
convert  it  into  a  vast  slope  of  tough  grass  with  interlacing 
roots,  up  and  over  which  the  most  boisterous  waves  might 
roll  and  expend  their  fury,  without  doing  the  least  damage ; 
whilst  the  ever-growing  grass  would  arrest  the  sand  blown  up 
from  the  vast  foreshore  laid  bare  every  tide  in  front  of  it, 
and  cause  it  to  increase  in  height  far  faster  than  would 
counterbalance  any  subsidence  of  the  land. 

In  conclusion,  if  planted  with  pines  {pinaster)  it  would 
still  further  protect  ships  at  their  anchorage  in  the  bight  from 
south-east  gales ;  and  a  sea-front  promenade  might  be  made 
at  no  extra  cost  for  the  two  miles  or  so  from  Exmouth 
Passage  to  Langstone  Point,  which  all  England  would  envy. 

P.S. — It  may  be  well  to  add  that  it  would  be  quite  feasible 
to  lift  the  St.  Thomas  sewage  into  the  conduit  suggested  for 
Exeter,  and  to  point  out  that  Exmouth  has  quite  as  much  at 
stake  in  the  existence  of  the  Warren  as  Exeter  itsell 


THE  AUTHOR  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DEVON; 

AND  THE  PRINCE  FAMILY. 


BT   WIN8L0W  JONES. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


The  Transactions  of  the  Devonshire  Association  contain  no 
memoir  of  John  Prince,  to  whom  the  natives  of  the  county 
are  so  deeply  indebted,  and,  as  the  existing  biographies  are 
not  free  from  inaccuracies,  and  some  details  have  hitherto 
escaped  notice,  I  venture  to  lay  before  the  Association  the 
particulars  I  have  collected,  together  with  the  main  facts 
already  recorded,  not  only  as  regards  Prince  himself,  but  also 
respectiug  various  members  of  the  family,  as  to  whom  little 
or  nothing  has  hitherto  been  written. 

Before  proceeding  to  do  so,  however,  it  will  be  useful 
to  give  a  list  of  the  authorities  consulted. 

The  first  in  date,  after  Prince  himself,  is  Anthony  Wood, 
whose  account  will  be  found  in  col.  608  of  the  fourth  volume 
of  Bliss*  edition  of  the  Athena:  Oxonienses.  Prince  was 
personally  known  to  Wood,  whose  account  is  expressed  to 
have  been  written  in  1694,  and  it  states  that  Prince  was  then 
residing  at  Berry  Pomeroy,  "in  great  respect  from  the 
neighbourhood  for  his  edifying  way  of  preaching,  and  his 
great  zeal  and  love  for  the  Church  of  England."  Wood 
gives  a  list  of  the  sermons  and  pamphlets  by  Prince  which 
were  known  to  him,  and  these  will  be  found  with  others,  in 
order  of  date,  in  the  appendixes. 

The  celebrated  antiquary,  Thomas  Heame,  in  his  Remarks 
and  Collections,  under  the  date  1707,  Nov.  9-12,  merely 
says  of  our  author,  "Mr.  Prince  of  Exeter  Coll.  writ  y* 
Worthies  of  Devonshire,  and  has  published  a  sermon  or  two." 


THE  AUTHOR  OF  "THB  WORTHIES  OP  DEVON."    417 

(C.  E.  Doble's  edition  of  1885-6,  ii.  71).  It  will  be  after- 
wards  shown  that  Prince  was  not  of  Exeter  College,  and 
as  remarkable  knowledge  was  attributed  to  Ueame  in  a 
distich  in  the  title  page  of  the  catalogue  of  his  books,  which 
was  printed  previous  to  their  sale  after  his  death,  his  mistake 
is  noteworthy.  The  distich  is  not  given  in  the  Didumary 
of  National  Biography,  and,  as  it  is  clever  and  amusing,  I 
supply  the  omission : 

*'Pox  on't,  quoth  Time  to  Thomas  Hearne, 
Whatever  I  forget  you  learn." 

Sichard  Gough,  in  p.  303  of  vol.  i.  of  his  British  Topography 
(1780),  after  mentioning  the  publication  of  The  Worthies, 
adds,  *'  The  undeserved  ill  success  this  laborious  and 
industrious  author  met  with  discouraged  him  from  venturing 
his  second  volume,  which  was  said  to  be  prepared  for  the 
press." 

A  similar  remark  is  also  made  in  Isaac  D'Israeli*s 
Calamities  of  Authors,  1812  (v.  i.  259-60),  and  it  was  prob- 
ably borrowed  from  Gough. 

A  short  notice  of  Prince  will  be  found  in  p.  x.  of  the 
second  edition  of  The  Worthies,  which  was  published  in 
1810. 

The  History  of  Newenham  Abbey,  by  Mr.  James  Davidson, 
formerly  of  Secktor,  in  the  parish  of  Axminster,  and 
published  in  1843,  contains,  in  pages  217-24,  a  notice  of 
Prince,  and  of  some  members  of  the  family;  and  it  will 
be  remembered  by  many  members  of  the  Association  that 
he  was  the  father  of  Mr.  James  Bridge  Davidson,  whose 
lamented  death  was  recorded  in  the  "  obituary  "  in  pp.  58-60 
of  the  eighteenth  volume  of  our  Transactions. 

A  column  is  devoted  to  Prince  in  p.  67  of  the  78th  volume 
of  the  Biographie  Universelle,  Paris,  1846,  which  is  quoted  by 
Mr.  E.  Windeatt,  and  it  is  stated  in  it  that  he  was  a  fellow 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  but  the  Secretary 
of  the  Society  informs  me  that  he  cannot  find  that  Prince 
was  ever  elected  a  fellow. 

A  short  notice  of  Prince  will  also  be  found  in  The  Book  of 
the  Axe,  by  the  late  Mr.  George  P.  R.  Pulman,  which  first 
appeared  in  1854,  and  passed  through  three  subsequent 
editions,  the  last  of  which  was  published  in  enlarged  form  in 
1875. 

This  last  edition  was  followed  by  a  long  and  interesting 
memoir  of  Prince,  which  was  read  by  Mr.  Edward  Windeatt 
before  the  members  of  the   Plymouth   Institution  on  the 


4ia    TBX  XCTBDB  Of  *THK  WOCTSIIS  Of  DETOS/ 


31jt  of  Jaxnurj,  1878,  and  was  printed  in  roL  tL  of  its 
JrmtkmutwmA,  and  a  reprint,  with  a  ditiTtoent  paginadoo,  from 
which  mj  rcferencga  are  taken.  wlH  be  f«3aiKi  at  the  Deron 
and  Exeter  Institation  in  toL  144  oi  Trietk  bat  Mn  Windeatt 
was  nnfartODatelj  not  aware  of  llr.  James  DaTidaon's  and 
3f r.  Polman'd  nocicea.  Some  snbeeqiaent  papers  bj  Mr.  K 
Windeatt  are  aft^wards  referred  tOL 

And  it  maj  be  well  to  mention  that  the  17th,  18th 
and  l^th  vtAumes  of  oar  Transoi.'twiu  contain  some  pap»3 
Ijj  Ifr,  Pengellj,  in  which  some  of  the  earlj  l»ographies 
in  Th4  W^ikuM  are  OHnpaied  with  the  correspondii^ 
hiographies  io  the  Dietianary  of  XcUiyrkcd  Biography,  Their 
Cftotin  nation  was  onfortanatelj  suspended  by  the  iUnes 
from  which  Mr  Pengellj  is  still  sofferii^  Some  notes 
hj  Mr.  W.  BL  Wilcocks  on  Prince  s  Zir«  of  Sir  William  Bde 
and  Thf/mas  Riidon^  will  also  be  fonnd  in  our  eighteenth 
Tolnme. 

Vrinee^  according  to  the  inscription  on  the  tablet  placed 
bj  him  in  17 (/J  in  Axminster  Church,  a  copy  of  which  is 
afterwards  inserted,  was  the  son  of  Bernard  Prince,  gentle- 
man, of  "  Abbj,"  a  farmhoose  in  the  parish  of  Axminster, 
boilt  on  the  site  of  the  Cistercian  Abbey  of  Newenham,  and 
of  Mary  Crocker,  his  first  wife;  and,  according  to  his  own 
statement  in  p.  272  of  17u  Worthies,  his  mother  was 
daughter  of  a  brother  of  Sir  Hugh  Crocker,  a  merchant  in 
Exeter,  who  was  mayor  of  Exeter  in  1643,  and  was  knighted 
by  CTiarles  L,  on  his  second  visit,  in  Kxeter  [on  27th  July, 
1644J.  Prince  also  states  that  Sir  Hugh  was  a  younger 
brother  of  the  owner  of  Lyneham,  in  the  parish  of  Yealmpton, 
and  he  appears  to  be  the  same  Hugh  who  in  the  Crocker 
pedigree  in  p.  254  of  Lieut  CoL  Vivians  Visitations  of 
Devon,  is  entered  as  brother  of  John  Croker,  of  Lineham, 
and  of  Francis  and  Christopher  Croker,  but  which  of  John's 
two  brothers  was  the  father  of  Mary  I  have  not  been 
able  to  ascertain,  and  the  date  and  place  of  her  marriage 
are  unknown.  Bernard  Prince  was  buried  at  Axminster 
November  6th,  1689,  and  his  will,  dated  16th  April,  1685, 
which  mentions  his  house  at  Nower,  was  proved  in  the 
Archdeaconry  Court  of  Exeter,  May  15th,  1690. 

John  Prince  is  said  to  have  been  bom  in  1643,  and  this 
corresponds  with  his  age  at  matriculation  at  Oxford,  and, 
as  he  states  in  the  Proemium  to  The  Worthies,  p.  33,  that 
he  "breathed  his  first  air  at  the  Abbey  of  Newenham,  he 
was  doubtless  baptized  *in  Axminster  Church,  although 
the    parish    register   of    1643    is    wanting.      According    to 


AND  THE  PRINCE  FAMILY.  419 

Joseph  Foster's  Alumni  Oxanienses,  he  matriculated  from 
Brasenose  College,  July  13th,  1660,  his  age  at  that  time, 
according  to  the  Athence  Oxonienses,  beiug  seventeen.  Accord- 
ing to  the  Eev.  C.  W.  Boase's  Regtstrtcm  Gollegii  Exoniensia, 
first  edition,  p.  74,  Nonconformists,  on  August  24th,  1662, 
were  ordered  to  quit  their  fellowships,  and  two  of  the 
Petrean  foundation  were  deprived,  and  Lord  Petre  [the 
fourth  baron]  tried  to  nominate  to  the  two  vacancies  Christo- 
pher Harris  and  John  Prince;  and  Prince,  in  pp.  262-3 
of  The  Worthies,  mentions  his  presentation  by  Ix)rd  Petre, 
in  the  year  1663-4,  to  one  of  the  two  Petrean  fellowships 
then  void,  but  that  it  did  not  meet  with  success.  . 

On  April  23rd,  1664,  he  took  his  B.A.  degree  (Foster's 
Alumni  Oxon.)\  and  after  taking  orders  became  curate  to 
Arthur  Gifiard,^  then  rector  of  Bideford,  and  served  under 
him  for  several  years  imtil  his  death  on  March  18th,  1668-9, 
shortly  after  which  day  he  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of 
Bideford  Church,  and  Prince  preached  his  funeral  sermon. 
(JTor^Aies,  413.) 

According  to  the  Athence  Oxonienses,  Prince,  after  Mr. 
Giifard*s  death,  went  to  the  city  of  Exeter,  where  he  was 
unanimously  chosen  minister  of  St.  Martin's,  but  this  latter 
statement  appears  to  be  incorrect.  Bobert  Parsons,  who 
was  instituted  to  the  Rectory  of  St  Martin's  September 
11th,  1635  {Hall's  Beg,,  i  40),  after  deprivation  during  the 
Commonwealth  was  reinstated  at  the  Bestoration,  and  held 
the  living  until  his  death  in  July,  1676  (Walker's  Sufferings 
of  the  Clergy,  part  ii.  32),  and,  according  to  the  Visitation 
Book  in  the  episcopal  registry  at  Exeter,  Prince,  in  the 
absence  of  Bobert  Parsons,  attended  Bishop  Sparrow's 
triennial  visitation  of  September  6th,  1671,  as  lecturer  of 
St.  Martin's,  and  he  again  attended  the  same  bishop's  visita- 
tion in  1674  without  description.  Although  he  twice  signed 
entries  in  the  St.  Martin's  Register  as  "minister,"  he  was, 
in  all  probability,  only  curate-in-charge,  but,  unfortunately, 
the  institution  to  the  Bectory  of  Parsons'  successor,  John 
Warren,  has    not   been  recorded  either   in   the   episcopal 

*  Arthur  Giffard  was  the  younger  brother  of  Colonel  John  GifTard,  of 
Brightley,  in  the  parish  of  Chittlehampton,  a  distinguished  Royalist,  and 
had  been  deprived  of  his  Rectory  during  the  Commonwealth,  but  was  re- 
instated at  tne  Restoration.  Lieut.  Col.  Vivian,  in  page  400  of  the  VisUa- 
turns  of  Devon,  states  that  he  had  been  a  fellow  of  Exeter  College,  when  he 
had  only  matriculated  and  taken  his  M.A.  degree  from  there  ;  he  also  states 
that  he  died  May  5th,  1666,  but  the  present  rector  of  Bideford  has  kindly 
informed  me  that  he  was  buried  at  Bideford  March  20th,  1668-9,  so  that 
Prince's  date  of  his  death  is  correct,  or  approximately  so. 


420  THE  AUTHOS  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DITOS/ 

legistets  at  Exeter  or  the  Aichiepisoopal  legiateis  at 
Lambetb,  and  the  Act-books  of  the  Bishops  and  the  Dean 
and  Cha^jfter  of  Exeter,  the  alternate  patn>na»  supply  no 
inionnation. 

It  will  be  seen  by  Appendix  L  that  Piince's  first  sermon 
and  pamphlet  were  published  in  London  in  1674. 

According  to  Foster's  Alumni  Oxonieiua^  he  was  incor- 
porated at  Cambridge  in  1675,  and  took  his  ItLA.  degree 
in  that  year  from  Cains  College,  and  Wood  states  that 
Prince  told  him  that  he  had  conunenced  master  of  arts  as 
a  member  of  that  college. 

.  When  curate  at  Sl  Martin's^  Prince  probably  made  the 
acquaintance  of  his  wife  Gertrude,  who  was  the  daughter 
of  Anthony  Salter,^  of  Exeter,  physician,  and  of  Gertrude, 
his  wife,  who  was  the  daughter  of  John  Acland,  an  Exeter 
merchant,  who  was  Mayor  of  Exeter  in  1627,  and  sister 
of  Baldwin  Acland,  rector  of  Tedbume  Sl  Mary,  and 
Treasurer  of  Exeter  Cathedral ;  but  when  and  where  Prince 
was  married  I  have  been  unable  to  discover,  although  Mra 
Bobert  Djmond  has  kindly  examined  for  me  the  extracts 
made  by  her  late  husband  from  many  of  the  Exeter  parishea 
The  only  reference  which  Prince  makes  to  his  marriage  is 
in  p.  8  of  The  Worthies,  where  be  merely  states  that  he 
had  married  the  daughter  of  Baldwin  Acland's  sister ;  and 
Mr.  James  Davidson,  in  p.  224  of  his  History  of  Xewenham 
Abbey,  erroneously  describes  her  as  daughter  of  John  Acland, 
instead  of  his  granddaughter.  She  was  baptised  at  St  Olave's, 
Exeter,  February  16th,  1643-4,  and  so  was  nearly  of  the  same 
age  as  her  husband. 

On  December  13th,  27  Charles  II.  (1675),  in  contempla- 
tion of  his  presentation  to  the  vicarage  of  Totnes,  an  agree- 
ment was  entered  into  between  the  mayor  and  burgesses 
of  that  borough  on  the  one  part,  and  John  Prince  on  the 
other,  with  regard  to  the  yearly  stipend  of  £50  to  be  paid 
to  him  for  the  term  of  seven  years  from  the  25th  of  December 
then  next,  if  he  should  so  long  continue  the  vicar,  and  in 
it  he  is  described  as  "of  St.  Martin's  within  the  city  of 

•  According  to  Foster's  Alumni  Oxcm., "  Anthony  Salter,  matric.  from  Exeter 
College  24th  October,  1617,  aged  17;  B.A  14th  June,  1621,  and  M.A. 
22nd  April,  1624  ;  incorporated  at  Cambjidge,  1626  ;  B.  and  D.  Med.,  and 
licenced  to  practice  medicine  21  June,  1633."  He  was  Mayor  of  Exeter  in  the 
latter  part  of  1664,  and  his  will,  dated  February  20th,  1666-7,  was  nrored  in 
the  P.  C.  of  C.  August  20th,  1668,  by  his  widow  Gertrude.  His  daughter, 
Gertrude,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  married  at  the  date  of  the  will,  and 
her  portion  under  it  amounted  in  money  or  in  money's  worth  to  £600,  no 
inconsiderable  sum  at  that  period. 


AND  THE  PRINCE  FAMILY.  421 

£xeter,  clerk/'  A  copy  of  the  agreement  was  inserted  by 
Mr.  E.  Windeatt  in  pp.  150-60  of  vol.  4  of  The  Western 
Antiquary, 

On  April  4th,  1676,  Prince  was  instituted  to  the  vicarage 
of  Totnes,  vacant  by  the  cession  of  Phineas  Pett»  on  the 
presentation  of  Charles  II.  {Sparrows  Reg,,  57.) 

Among  the  MSS.  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  E.  Pine-Coffin,  which  are 
preserved  at  Portledge,  is  a  letter  from  Prince  to  Richard  Coffin 
of  March  20th,  16«0  (1680-1),  in  which  he  mentions  the 
transmission  to  the  latter  of  Hooker's  MS.  Chorography  and 
History  of  the  Province  of  Devon^  which  Prince  states  he  had 
sometimes  had  thoughts  of  printing  (pp.  371-2  of  the 
appendix  to  the  Fifth  Report  of  the  Histoi*ical  Manuscripts 
Commission,  and  a  copy  of  the  letter  is  given  in  p.  23  of 
Mr.  Windeatt's  memoir. 

On  April  21st,  1681,  he  was  instituted  to  the  vicarage 
of  Berry  Pomeroy,  vacant  by  the  death  of  William  Kandall, 
on  the  presentation  of  Sir  Edward  Seymour,  Bart.  {Lamp- 
lugh*s  Reg,  ii.  9),  and  he  thereby  ceded  the  vicarage  of 
Totnes,  in  which  Robert  Burscough,*  of  whom  there  is  a 
notice  in  the  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  became  his 
successor. 

After  the  address  to  the  inhabitants  of  Berry  Pomeroy, 
which  was  inserted  in  pamphlet  No.  4  in  Appendix  I,  and 
which  is  dated  January  20th,  1700-1,  an  advertisement  was 
added  that  The  Worthies  of  Devon  was  in  the  press  at  Exeter, 
and  almost  finished.  In  1701  the  work  was  published  at 
Exeter^  in  folio,  with  an  epistle  dedicatory,  dated  August  6th, 
1697,  and  "  an  apologetical  epistle  to  the  reader,"  in  which  he 
mentions  the  various  authorities  of  which  he  had  made  use, 
including  Fuller's  Worthies  of  England,  which  was  first  printed 
in  1662,  after  the  author's  death,  and  in  the  second  edition  of 
which  (published  in  1811),  pages  270  to  308  inclusive,  are 
devoted  to  Devonshire. 

In  1709  he  placed  a  tablet  in  Axminster  Church,  to  the 
memory  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  of  his  father's  second 
wife,  and  although  there  is  a  copy  of  the  inscription  in 
p.  20  of  the  History  of  Newenham  Abbey,  and  in  p.  666 


'  It  wonld  be  interesting  to  know  if  this  MS.  is  still  in  existence. 

*  In  the  "  Conclusion  "  to  The  Worthies^  Prince  describes  his  own  library  as 
very  slender,  and  Robert  Burscough's  as  *'a  very  good  one,''  and  states  that 
he  had  the  free  use  of  it. 

*  It  was  printed  by  Sam  Farley  for  Awnsham  and  John  Clmrchill,  at 
the  Black  Swan  in  Paternoster  Row,  London ;  and  Charles  Yeo  and  Philip 
Bishop  in  Exon. 


422    THB  AUTHOB  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DKVOH," 

of  the  foarth  editdon  of  the  Bock  of  the  Axe,  it  will  be  naefol 
to  repeat  it  here : — 

In 

Memoriam 

Dilectiflsimi  Patzia, 

Bernaidi   Prince   Gen?* 

Nnper  de  Abbj,  &  Marke  Crocker, 

Uxoris  ejus  1"?  De  Lyneham  Oriands: 

£t  Janae  Diake^  Uxoris  ejus  2*^  ex  Longo 

Stemmate  natse ;  Hoc  Monumentam  Pie= 

tatifl  eigo  Johes  Prince  A.M.  olim 

Yicarius   De  Totnea,  nunc  De 

Berry  Pomroy,  DV  Bemardi, 

et  I^lari^e  Filius,  M2b= 

reus  Poeoit 

1709. 

It  will  be  convenient  here  to  mention  that  Prince,  in  his 
account,  in  p.  313  of  The  Worthies,  of  his  uncle  Leonard 
Prince,  states  that  he  was  descended  from  "  a  knightly  family 
of  his  name  still  flourishing  in  Shropshire,"  but  the  assertion 
appears  to  be  without  foundation,  and  I  find  from  Weever's 
Somerset  IncuniberUs  that  three  John  Princes  were  instituted 
to  livings  in  Somerset  in  1328, 1461,  and  1662,  and  a  Thomas 
Prince  to  a  living  in  that  county  in  1725,  so  that  it  is  not 
improbable  that  the  author  of  ITu  Worthies  was  descended 
from  a  Somersetshire  family. 

On  August  5th,  1712,  Prince  wrote  a  letter  to  Sir  Philip 
Sydenham,  of  Brimpton,  near  Yeovil,  Bart.,  on  various 
subjects,  and  among  them,  on  the  prospect  of  publishing  his 
second  volume  of  The  Worthies,  and  the  following  is  a  copy 
of  the  paragraph :  "  As  to  the  printing  of  my  book  I  shall  use 
what  endeavours  therein  I  can.  I  highly  approve  y""  advice 
of  printing  it  at  London.  I  am  sure  I  am  some  scores  of 
pounds  y®  worse  for  my  not  printing  my  1st  volume  there. 
And  I  fear  because  the  London  booksellers  had  not  the 
printing  of  y*  1st  part,  they  will  hardly  undertake  the  print- 
ing of  the  second.  I  shall  be  glad  to  meet  with  good 
encouragem*  herein,  w®**  I  don*t  despair  of  with  good  manage- 
ment." The  original  letter  forms  No.  2035  of  the  Egerton 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  and  a  copy,  from  which  my 
extract  is  taken,  was  inserted  by  Mr.  K  Windeatt  in  the 
Western  ArUiquary,  iv.  pp.  45-6. 

The  MS.  of  this  second  volume  is  believed  to  have  been 
bought  by  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Phillips,  Bart.,  of  Middle 
Hill,  Worcestershire,  and  Thirlestaine  House,  Cheltenham, 


AND  THE  PKINCE  FAMILY.  423 

but  was  not  included  in  the  sale  of  the  portions  of  his 
library  and  collections  which  were  sold  by  Messrs.  Sotheby 
on  four  days  of  June  last  It  must  also  be  mentioned  that  a 
transcript  of  Sir  William  Pole's  Description  of  Devonshire 
was  made  by  Prince,  with  additions  by  himself,  and  that  the 
MS.  is  preserved  at  the  British  Museum,  Press-mark  190,  a  8, 
No.  28,649. 

On  September  9th,  1723,  Prince  died  at  about  the  age 
of  eighty,  and  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  Berry  Pomeroy 
Church,  and  the  following  is  a  copy  of  the  inscription  on 
a  tablet  to  his  memory  on  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel,  as 
given  by  Mr.  E.  Windeatt : — 

In  Memory  of 

the  Revd.  John  Prince,  A.M. 

vicar  of  this  pariah 

and  author  of  "The  Worthies  of  Devon." 

He  was  instituted  in  the  year 

1681 

and  died  on  the  9th  day  of  September 

1723. 

He  died  intestate,  and  on  September  25th,  1723,  administra- 
tion to  his  effects  was  granted  by  the  principal  registry  of 
the  Bishop  of  Exeter  to  his  widow  Gertrude  Prince. 

Eichard  Gough,  in  his  notice  of  Prince  before  referred  to, 
st-ates  that  his  son  was  still  living  in  1780 ;  and  Mr.  K 
Windeatt,  in  p.  36  of  his  Memoir,  gives  an  extract  from 
the  St.  Martin's  register  of  the  baptism  on  February  20th, 
1669  (1669-70),  of  Nicholas  Prince,  son  of  John  Prince, 
and  adds  that  he  cannot  find  that  there  was  any  other  child, 
nor  that  the  son  referred  to  survived  his  parents.  On 
examining  the  register,  however,  I  find  that  the  child  baptised 
on  the  day  named  was  undoubtedly  Nicholas  Bruer,  and  not 
Nicholas  Prince,  and,  as  Mr.  James  Davidson  states  that 
Prince  is  not  known  to  have  left  any  children,  my  belief  is 
that  he  was  childless,  and  that  Grough  must  have  mistaken 
some  member  of  the  family  for  Prince's  son. 

According  to  Mr.  E.  Windeatt,  Mrs.  Gertrude  Prince  was 
buried  at  Berry  Pomeroy,  February  4th,  1724-5,  and  I  find 
that  on  the  10th  of  the  following  month  administration  to 
her  husband's  gooda  left  unadministered  by  her  was  granted 
by  the  principal  registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  to  his 
niece,  Mary  Prince,  who  was  doubtless  the  daughter  of  one 
of  his  half-brothers,  Bernard  or  Philip. 

The  second  edition  of  The  Worthies  was  printed  in  London 


424    THE  AUTHOR  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DBYON," 

in  1810,  for  Bees  and  Curtis,  Plymouth,  Edward  Upham, 
Exeter,  and  Longman,  Hurst,  Sees,  and  Orme,  London,  and 
was  published  by  subscription;  and  Mr.  K  Windeatt^  im 
p.  31  of  his  Memoir,  states  that  it  was  edited  by  Mr.  Beet 
of  Plymouth,  one  of  the  publishers,  who  received  material 
assistance  from  Dr.  Woollcombe  and  Mr.  Henry  Woollcombe^. 
while  the  late  Lord  Grenville  contributed  the  material  for 
the  notes  on  that  family ;  and  my  frieud,  Mr.  J.  Brooking 
Bowe,  informs  me  that  he  has  a  letter  from  Mr.  R  Bees 

^^  1 

confirming  this  statement.  Dr.  William  Woollcombe,  who 
is  referred  to,  was  a  physician  of  eminence  at  Plymouth,  and 
great  uncle  of  the  Rev.  George  Ley  Woollcombe,  now  of 
Hemerdon  House,  in  the  parish  of  Plympton  St.  Mary,  and 
died  May  23rd,  1822 ;  and  Mr.  Henry  Woollcombe.  who  was 
the  yonnger  brother  of  the  doctor,  was  a  solicitor  at  Plymouth, 
of  considerable  literary  attainments,  a  F.S.A.,  Mayor  of 
Plymouth  in  1813-14,  and  Recorder  of  the  Borough  1833-37, 
and  died  February  14th,  1847,  aged  69,  and  s.p.  The  author 
of  the  GrenviUe  notes,  which  will  be  found  in  pages  443-8 
of  The  Worthies,  was  the  Bight  Hon.  William  Wyndham 
Grenville,  a  younger  brother  of  George  Nugent  GrenviUe, 
second  Baron  Temple,  and  first  Marquis  of  Buckingham, 
and  was  created  Baron  Grenville  November  25th,  1790.  He 
died  January  12th,  1834,  s.p.,  and  his  widow,  Anne,  who 
was  the  sister  and  heiress  of  the  second  Lord  Camelford 
(who  was  shot  in  a  duel  in  March,  1804),  devised  Boconnoo, 
in  Cornwall,  which  she  had  inherited  on  her  brother's  death, 
and  Dropmore,  in  Bucks,  which  she  acquired  under  her 
husband's  will,  to  the  late  Hon.  George  ]Matthew  Fortescue, 
the  second  son  of  the  first  Earl  Fortescue,  by  Hester  his 
wife,  who  was  a  sister  of  Baron  Grenville. 

As  regards  the  other  members  of  the  Prince  family,  Mr. 
Davidson,  in  p.  224  of  the  History  of  Ncwenham  Abbey,  states 
that  "materials  had  been  collected  for  a  pedigree,  but  the 
unfortunate  hiatus  of  more  than  a  century  in  the  registers  of 
Kilmington  parish,  rendered  it  difficult  to  place  the  several 
members  in  their  relative  position,"  and  he  accordingly  gave 
no  pedigree,  and  very  few  details  beyond  those  relating  to 
Prince  and  his  immediate  ancestors,  and  his  uncle,  Leonard 
Prince.  From  wills,  however,  and  other  sources,  I  have 
compiled  the  pedigree,  which  will  be  found  at  the  end  of  this 
article,  and,  as  my  notes  as  to  some  members  of  the  family 
are  too  long  to  be  inserted  in  it,  the  names  of  the  members 
in  question  are  printed  in  larger  type  than  the  others,  and 
the  particulars  respecting  them  are  here  subjoined. 


NCE. 


,  and 
jot,  by  whom 
led  Richard. 


~^::^^^. 


matric  fr 
Prince  of 
Oxon.);  ( 
granted  b; 


Ihave 
on 
free 
>ec., 


li 

Elizabet 
dau. 
Goug 
Some; 


William 
bom  <;.  1652. 
tor  of  Cl< 
and  bur.  th 
June,  1715. . 

D 


rector  d 
Died  atj 
bur.  at  I 


AND  THE  PRINCE  FAMILY.  425 

2,  A. — John  Prince,  of  Nower.  In  p.  637  of  The  Worthies, 
Sir  William  Pole,  the  antiquary,  is  described  as  having  been 
Sherifif  of  Devon  in  the  last  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and 
the  first  of  James  I.  (1602-3),  and  Prince  adds  that  "one 
of  his  ancestors,  this  same  John  Prince  of  Newer,  had  the 
honour  to  execute  that  office  under  him"  [as  undersheriff]. 
His  will  was  dated  January  21st,  1623  (1623-4),  and  on 
April  1st,  1624,  administration  with  the  will  annexed  was 
granted  by  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury  to  Mary 
Prince,  his  widow,  during  the  minority  of  John  Prince,  his 
son  and  executor. 

4,  B. — Leonard  Prince.  According  to  p.  313  of  The 
Worthies,  he  was  the  youngest  brother  of  our  author*s  father, 
Bernard  Prince,  and  "  was  lately  the  painful  rector  of  Instow, 
whose  remains  lie  near  those  of  the  reverend  Mr.  Down, 
under  a  fair  stone,  with  an  inscription®  too  large  at  present 
to  be  transcribed.  He  was  born  at  Nower ;  bred  at  Oxford 
and  at  London ;  beneficed  first  at  Ilfracombe,  then  at  S. 
John's  in  the  city  of  Exon.,  lastly  here  (at  Instow),  where 
he  was  buried  about  the  year  1695.  He  was  a  pious, 
powerful,  practical  preacher;  much  desired  in  his  life,  and 
much  lamented  at  his  death,  which  happened  about  the  68th 
year  of  his  age."  According  to  Foster's  Alumni  Oxonienses 
he  matriculated  from  New  Inn  Hall,  April  1st,  1642, 
aged  seventeen,  and  in  1645  was  recommended  by  the  West- 
minster Assembly  to  the  church  of  Sevington,  near  Ashford, 
Kent.  In  Calamy's  Nonconformist's  Memorial,  iL  114,  it  is 
stated  that  "  Mr.  Leonard  Prince  of  Ilfracombe  continued  for 
Several  years  a  Nonconformist  He  served  St.  John's  in 
the  city  of  Exeter."  According  to  Bishop  HalFs  register, 
i.,  42b,  John  Kead,  A.B.,  was  instituted  to  the  Vicarage  of 
Ilfracombe,  April  28th,  1636,  and  Leonard  Prince  was  pro- 
bably appointed  to  the  Vicarage  during  the  Commonwealth, 
on  Bead's  death  or  deprivation.  There  is,  however,  no 
mention  of  Eead  in  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy,  but 
on  January  13th,  1662-3,  Alexander  Atkey,  A.M.,  was  in- 
stituted to  the  Vicarage  of  Ilfracombe  on  the  deprivation  of 
Leonard  Prince  "  clerk,"  the  last  incumbent  {Ward's  Reg.  45.) 
He  must  afterwards  have  been  induced  to  conform,  and  on 
August  17th,  1668.  he  was  instituted  as  A.M.  to  the  Eectory 
of  Instow,  vacant  by  the  cession  of  Thomas  Birdall,  on  the 
presentation   of    John   Harrington,   of    Corlston,   Somerset, 

•  The  iDScription  is  given  in  p.  219  of  the  History  of  Ncvxnham  Abbei/^  but 
the  gravestone  has  now  disappeared,  as  have  also  the  Instow  parish  registers 
prior  to  1717. 

VOL.   XXV.  2   E 


426  THE  AUTHOB  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DEVON/' 

Esq.  {Sparrovfs  Reg,  i.  106.)  According  to  an  episcopal 
Act-book  in  the  registry  at  Exeter,  under  date  of  September 
4th,  1671,  he  was  then  curate  of  St.  John's,  Exeter,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  within  the  county  of  Devon.  On  June 
29th,  1692,  he  was  instituted  to  the  Vicarage  of  West  Leigh, 
(between  Instow  and  Bideford),  vacant  by  the  death  of 
^  Peter  Calle,  on  the  presentation  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  Exeter  {Trdawny'a  Reg,  i.  117),  and  he  retained  the  two 
livings  of  Instow  and  West  Leigh  until  his  death,  which, 
according  to  the  date  of  the  institution  of  his  successor  in 
the  latter  living,  took  place  before  September  4th,  1695. 
His  will,  dated  March  14th,  1693  (1693-4),  was  proved  in 
the  principal  registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  on  January 
5th,  1695-6,  by  Mary  Prince,  his  widow  and  executrix. 

5,  C. — Philip  Prince.  He  does  not  appear  to  have 
graduated  either  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge.  On  August  17th, 
1704,  he  was  instituted  (as  clerk)  to  the  vicarage  of  Buckerell, 
then  lawfully  vacant,  on  the  presentation  of  Queen  Anne 
{Trelaivny's  Reg,  ii.,  108) ;  and  on  October  11th,  1711,  he 
was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Musbury,  vacant  by  the 
death  of  Philip  Westcott,  on  the  presentation  of  Sir  William 
Drake  of  Ash  [in  the  same  parish]  knight  and  baronet 
(Blackairs  Reg.  44),  and  thereby  ceded  the  vicarage  of 
Buckerell.  He  died  intestate  and  insolvent  in  November, 
1713,  and  was  buried  at  Musbury  on  the  7th  of  that  month, 
and  on  November  30th,  1713,  William  Prince,  then  late  of 
Honiton,  apothecary,  eldest  son  of  the  said  Philip  Prince, 
renounced  administration  to  the  effects  of  his  said  father, 
and  desired  that  administration  might  be  granted  to  Samuel 
Clapp,  of  Honiton,  yeoman,  his  father's  principal  creditor, 
•  but  administration  does  not  appear  to  have  been  granted  by 
the  principal  registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  until  December 
21st,  1721. 

5,  D. — WiLUAM  Prince.  He  is  referred  to  in  p.  188  of 
ITie  Worthies  as  son  of  Leonard  Prince,  before  described. 
According  to  p.  187  of  Admissions  to  Gonville  and  Cains 
College,  Cambridge,  by  J.  Venn,  1887,  he  was  born  at 
Dalwood  (formerly  in  Dorset,  but  now  in  Devon,  but  the 
registers  of  which  parish  at  the  time  of  his  birth  are  wanting), 
and  after  being  educated  at  various  schools,  was  admitted  a 
Sizar  April  1st,  1668,  aged  16.  According  to  the  Grad^iati 
Cantdbrigienses  1659-1823,  he  took  his  B.A.  degree  in  1671, 
and  his  M.A.  degree  in  1675.  On  November  19th,  1681,  he 
was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Clovelly,  vacant  by  the 
resignation  of  Oliver  Naylor,  on  the  presentation  of  William 


AND   THE  PRIKCE  FABflLT.  427 

Gary,  of  Clovelly,  Esq.  (Lamplugh's  Reg,  ii  75.)  He  died  in 
June,  1715,  and  was  buried  at  Clovelly  on  the  19th  of  that 
month.  His  will,  dated  April  20th,  1706,  was  proved  in  the 
principal  registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter,  with  three 
codicils,  on  August  4th,  1715,  by  the  executors  and  executrix 
in  trust. 

6,  E. — Margaret  Prince,  daughter  of  Leonard  Prince, 
was  married,  at  Atherington,  November  19th,  1695,  to  Samuel 
B  URGES,  then  curate  of  Buckland  Brewer,  and  was  buried  at 
Abbotsham  January  24th,  1721-2.  On  October  26th,  1695, 
Samuel  Burges  was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Instow,  in 
succession  to  Leonard  Prince,  on  the  presentation  of  Mary 
Prince,  his  widow,  as  executrix  of  her  husband,  to  whom  the 
presentation  had  been  granted  {Trelavmy's  JReg,  ii.  12),  and 
on  February  2nd,  1719-20,  Samuel  Burges  was  instituted  to 
the  vicarage  of  Abbotsham  on  the  presentation  of  George  L 
(Blackburne's  Beg.  i.  127) ;  and  in  about  1729  he  ceded  both 
livings  on  accepting  a  preferment  in  some  other  diocese  than 
that  of  Exeter. 

6,  F. — William  Prince.  He  is  named  in  the  last-named 
will  as  his  father  s  only  son,  and  provision  was  made  for  his 
receiving  a  university  education.  According  to  the  GradtuUi 
Cantabrigienses  he  took  his  B.A.  degree  from  St.  John's  College 
in  1724,  and  his  M.A.  degree  in  1728.  On  April  8th,  1741,  he 
was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Newton  Tracy,  vacant  by  the 
death  of  Zachary  Davies,  on  the  presentation  of  George  II. 
(Weston*8  Reg,  ii  59),  and  on  August  25th,  1741,  he  was  insti- 
tuted to  the  rectory  of  the  adjoining  parish  of  Alverdiscott, 
void  by  the  resignation  of  George  Gregory,  on  the  presentation 
of  George  Rooke,  of  Fremington,  Esq.  {Weston*8  Beg.  ii.  69.) 
He  held  both  rectories  until  his  death,  and  died  at  Barnstaple 
in  February,  1787,  s.p.,  and  was  buried  at  Sherwell,  near  that 
town,  in  the  March  following.  His  will,  dated  August  15th, 
1784,  was  proved  in  the  principal  registry  of  the  Bishop  of 
Exeter  on  May  15th,  1787,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Boyce,  the 
then  rector  of  Sherwell,  his  residuary  legatee  and  executor. 

I  have  to  thank  Mrs.  Dymond  for  extracts  from  her  late 
husband's  notes  as  to  the  ancestors  of  Mrs.  Gertrude  Prince, 
and  the  clergymen  of  various  parishes  named  above  who  have 
either  given  me  access  to  their  registers,  or  furnished  me  with 
extracts  from  them,  and  have  also  to  express  my  acknowledg- 
ments to  the  bishop's  registrar  for  permission  to  examine  the 
registers  in  his  custody,  and  to  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe  for  the 
loan  of  Prince's  three  minor  works  in  his  possession,  and  for 
information  on  various  points  received  from  him. 

2  E  2 


428  THE  AUTHOR  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DEVON," 

Appendix  L 
Containing  a  list  of  Prince's  printed  Sermons  and  Pamphlets, 

1.  "A  sermon  preached  at  Exon.,  in  the  Cathedral  of  St 
Peter,  at  the  visitation  of  the  Right  Reverend  Father  in  God, 
Anthony  [Sparrow],  by  Divine  permission,  Lord  Bishop  of  Exon., 
By  John  Prince,  Minister  of  the  Gospel,  at  St.  Martins,  Exon. 
London,  Printed  by  A.  Maxwell  for  R.  Royston,  Bookseller  to 
His  Most  Sacred  Majesty,  and  are  to  be  sold  by  Abisha  Brocas, 
Bookseller  in  Exon.,  MDCLXXIV."  4*>,  45  pages,  exclusive  of 
the  dedication  "To  the  Right  Worshipful  Sir  John  Drake,  of 
Ash,  in  the  County  of  Devon,  Baronet,"  dated  Decern.  18.  1674. 

There  are  copies  in  the  libraries  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
and  in  the  British  Museum,  and  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  K 
Windeatt  and  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe. 

2.  "An  humble  Defence  of  the  Exeter-Bill  in  Parliament  for 
uniting  Churches,  and  setling  a  legal  Maintenance  on  the  Parochial 
Ministers  of  that  City,  shewing  the  Equity  and  Easiness  of  it" 
London,  1674,  4*>. 

This  is  mentioned  in  the  Athence  Oxon,,  and  in  Mr.  Windeatt's 
Memoir.  I  have  taken  the  title  partly  from  the  Athence,  and  partly 
from  the  advertisement  at  the  end  of  Self  Murder,  No.  6,  post. 

3.  "A  Letter  to  a  young  Divine,  containing  some  brief  Directions 
for  composing  and  delivering  of  Sermons."     London,  1692,  8**. 

This  is  mentioned  in  the  Athence,  and  in  the  advertisement 
referred  to  above,  and  also  in  Mr.  Windeatt's  Memoir, 

4.  "The  Beauty  of  God's  House;  or,  consecrated  places  for 
Religious  Worship  vindicated  with  a  Pathetical  Perswasive  to  all 
Christian  People,  duly  to  Frequent  the  same  in  a  discourse  very 
Seasonable  for  these  Profane  and  Luke-warm  Times.  By  John 
Prince,  V.B.P.  [Vicar  of  Berry  Pomeroy],  Devon.  Honour  and 
Majesty  are  before  him ;  Strength  and  Beauty  are  in  his  Sanctuary, 
PsaL  96,  6."  London,  MDCCI.  4^,  88  pages,  exclusive  of  an 
Epistle  Dedicatory  "  To  the  Honourable  Roger  Pomeroy,  of  Sand- 
ridge,  in  the  County  of  Devon,  Esq." ;  dated  February  26th,*  1700 
(1700-1),  and  an  Address  to  the  inhabitants  of  Berry  Pomeroy, 
dated  Jan.  20.  preceding.  The  text  is  "Psal.  Ixxxiv.  ver.  1. 
How  amiable  are  thy  Tabernacles,  O  Lord  of  Hosts !"  Copies  are 
in  the  libraries  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  at  Exeter,  and  of  Brase- 
nose College,  and  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe. 

5.  "A  Catechistical  Exposition  of  the  Church  Catechism,  &c. 
Intended  chiefly  for  his  own  parish,  but  useful  for  others  also 
that  are  willing  to  teach  or  learn  the  same."    8®. 

It  is  also  mentioned  in  the  advertisement  at  the  end  of  the 
next  pamphlet.  No.  6. 


AND  THE  PRINCE  FAMILY.  429 

6.  "Self-murder  Asserted  to  be  a  very  heinous  crime,  in 
Opposition  to  all  Arguments  brought  by  the  Deists,  to  the  con- 
trary. To  which  is  added  a  prodigy  of  providence,  containing 
The  wonderful  Preservation  of  a  Woman  of  Totnes,  who  en- 
deavoured, Jan.  25,  1707.  to  drown  herself,  by  leaping  over  the 
Bridge,  near  20  Foot  high,  into  the  River  running  by  that  Town. 
A  Story  well  attested,  yet  hardly  to  be  parallel'd  in  History. 
With  many  necessary  Instructions  how  to  avoid  a  Sin  of  this 
Nature."  By  John  Prince,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Berry  Pomeroy. 
London,  1 709,  83  pages,  exclusive  of  a  dedication  to  Dr.  Offspring 
[Ofspring]  Blackall,  Lord  Bishop  of  £xon,  dated  Feb.  24. 
1707  [1707-8],  and  an  Epistle  to  the  Reader,  dated  March  4. 
following. 

It  is  mentioned  in  the  AthenoR^  and  in  Mr.  Windeatt's  Memoir^ 
and  there  are  copies  in  the  libraries  of  the  British  Museum  and 
Brasenose  College,  and  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  E.  Windeatt>  and 
Mr.  J.  Brooking  Rowe.  It  is  the  only  pamphlet  (or  sermon)  by 
Prince  which  is  mentioned  in  Mr.  James  Davidson's  BihUotheca 
Devoniensis,  1852. 

7.  "A  Anti-Pestilential  Pill,  For  stopping  that  Dreadful 
Plague  Which  now  Rageth  in  the  Kingdom  of  France;  and 
Preventing  the  Coming  of  it  into  Our  own.  prescribed  in  fast 
sermon  Preached  on  the  Eighth  of  December  last^  to  a  great 
Congregation.  With  some  enlargements."  By  John  Prince,  M.A., 
vicar  of  Berry-Pomeroy,  in  Devon;  author  of  the  Devonshire 
Worthies.     London,  1722. 

The  epistle  to  the  Reader  is  dated  December  22,  1721,  and 
the  text  of  the  Sermon  is  Psalm  cxxvii.,  latter  part  of  ver. 
"Except  the  Lord  keep  the  city,  the  Watchman  waketh  but  in 
vain." 

The  only  copy  I  have  found  is  in  the  British  Museum. 


Appendix  II. 

Containing  a  list  of  Prince's  Sermons  and  Pamphlets  prepared  for 
thepresSj  hut  not  printed,  and  all  taken  from  the  Athence  Oxon., 
iv.  cols.  608-9. 

1.  "Seasonable  Advice  to  sober  Christians,  preached  occasionally 
at  Totnes,  in  Devonshire,  the  11th  of  Sept.  1687,  on  Mark.  4. 
former  Part  of  the  24th  ver.  And  he  said  unto  them,  Take  heed 
what  ye  hear." 

Wood  says  that  this  sermon  was  sent  to  London  with  a  design 
that  it  should  be  printed,  but  some,  into  whose  hands  it  came, 
fearing  it  might  somewhat  offend  the  temporizing  dissenters, 
advised  a  forbearance  of  the  publication  of  it  at  that  time.  Mr. 
K  Windeatt,  in  page  31  of  his  Memoir,  refers  to  it  as  "published," 
but  this  appears  to  be  a  mistake. 


430  THE   AUTHOR  OF  "THE  WORTHIES  OF  DEVON." 

2.  ^  Look  before  you  Leap :  or  a  Memento  to  the  Freeholders 
of  England,  how  they  consent  to  part  with  the  Test  and  penal 
Laws." 

Wood  states  that  this,  which  was  written  in  four  sheets  and 
a  half  in  1687,  4^,  was  dispersed  in  some  hands  in  MS.  but  not 
printed. 

3.  "  The  Imprudence  and  Unreasonableness  of  the  Prudential 
Reasons  for  repealing  the  Penal  Laws  against  all  Recusants,  and 
for  a  general  Toleration." 

Wood  says  that  this  was  written  in  eight  sheets  in  4®  An. 
1687,  against  the  said  scandalous  and  virulent  pamphlet  entit 
Prudential  Reasons,'^  &c.,  generally  supposed  to  be  written  by 
Rich.  Burthogge,  a  temporizing  Fanatico-Romanus ;  that  is,  a 
fanatic  in  profession  and  an  associate  with  papists  in  conversation. 
But  the  times  then  rendring  it  very  difficult  to  get  the  said  book 
{77ie  Imprudence^  ^e.)  printed,  it  was  laid  aside,  tUl  farther  occa- 
sion might  be  taken  to  do  it 

4.  "The  best  Refuge  in  the  worst  of  Times,  certain  Sermons 
preached  at  Berry-Pomeroy,  in  Devonshire,  on  Whit-Sunday  and 
Trinity  -  Sunday,  An.  1688;  when  King  James  the  second's 
declaration  for  toleration  was  required  to  be  published  in  parish 
churches;  (on  PsaL  9,  9) — written  in  six  sheets  and  a  half  in 
quarto,  and  fit  for  the  press." 

Mr.  Windeatt  mentions  this  sermon  in  p.  23  of  his  Memoir 
as  "  published,"  but  erroneously. 


'  ^  Prudmiial  JfUasons/*  which  is  in  the  British  Moseum  Library, 
described  as  **  Penned  by  a  Protestant  person  of  Qaality,  and  as  Published  by 
Aotbority,"  and  was  printed  in  London  in  1687,  in  eleven  pages  4®.  The 
pamphlet  is  attributed  to  Richard  Burthogge,  who  resided  at  Bowden,  in  the 
parish  of  Totnes,  and  practised  medicine  there,  and  of  whom  there  is  a 
notice  in  the  IHctionary  of  National  Biographrj.  On  April  29th,  1695,  a 
licence  was  granted  at  Exeter  for  his  marriage  to  **  Honor  Champemowne, 
of  Totnes,  Spinster,"  who  belonged  to  the  Modbury  family. 


P.S. — On  referring  to  the  NonconformisVs  Memorial  on  another 
subject,  I  find,  in  p.  114  of  voL  ii.  of  the  second  edition,  a  short 
notice  of  Mr.  Leonard  Prince,  which  Dr.  Calamy  thus  concludes  : 
"  He  was  luicle  to  Mr.  John  Prince,  vicar  of  Berry  Pomeroy,  the 
ingenious  author  of  The  Worthies  of  Devon,  to  whom  the  author 
thankfully  pays  his  acknowledgments  for  several  hints  with  respect 
to  the  ministers  in  this  county." 


A  VISITATION  OF  ST.  MARY  CHURCH  IN 

A.D.   1301. 

BT   THE   RIGHT   REV.    MONSIONOB  BROWNLOW,   H.A. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


When  the  Devonshire  Association  met  at  St.  Mary  Charch 
in  1887,  I  read  a  paper  in  which  I  endeavoured  to  trace  the 
history  of  that  ancient  village  in  Saxon  and  Norman  times. 
Since  then  additional  light  has  been  thrown  upon  the 
mediaeval  history  of  St.  Mary  Church  by  the  labours*  of 
Prebendary  Hingeston-Randolph,  in  his  admirable  edition 
of  the  Episcopal  Registers  of  Walter  de  Stapeldon.  It  is 
true  that  the  record  to  which  I  propose  to  call  attention  doea 
not  properly  belong  to  the  episcopate  of  Bishop  Stapeldon, 
for  that  prelate  was  not  elected  until  the  November  of  1307, 
whereas  the  record  in  question  gives  the  result  of  a  Visitation 
held  in  1301,  the  year  before  Walter  de  Stapeldon  was 
appointed  canon  of  Exeter,  and  when  he  was  simply  rector 
of  Aveton-Gifford.  The  record  is,  in  fact,  an  extract  from 
the  Archives  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Exeter.  But 
Prebendary  Randolph  has  done  well  to  publish  this  interesting 
episode,  and  has  guarded  his  readers  against  mistakes  by 
putting  it  in  brackets.  The  Latin  original  will  be  found  at 
the  end  of  this  paper. 

As  the  idea  of  a  Visitation  has  considerably  changed  in 
these  times  from  what  it  was  understood  to  be  in  mediaeval 
England,  and  is  still  in  Catholic  countries,  it  may  be  well  to 
remind  ourselves  of  what  a  Visitation  properly  means. 

The  Visitation  of  his  diocese  has  always  been  considered 
one  of  the  most  essential  duties  of  a  bishop.  It  is,  in  fact, 
involved  in  the  very  name  of  his  office — Episcopus — one  who 
oversees  things.  He  is  bound,  at  certain  times,  personally  to 
look  into  every  portion  of  the  charge  committed  to  him,  with 
his  own  eyes  to  see  all  his  clergy,  to  examine  the  churches. 


432  A  VISITATION   OF  ST.   MARY   CHURCH. 

chapels,  and  oratx)ries,  the  convents,  and  other  ecclesiastical 
institutions,  unless  especially  exempted  from  his  jurisdiction. 
He  has  to  examine  the  schools  and  other  places  of  educa- 
tion. He  has  to  take  account  of  the  property  of  ecclesiastical 
foundations,  and  to  see  that  they  are  rightly  administered. 
Of  course,  many  details  he  must  necessarily  leave  to  his 
vicars-general,  to  the  archdeacons,  rural  deans,  and  other 
assistants,  to  whom  he  may  delegate  his  powers.  The  Visita- 
tion will  vary  in  its  procedure,  according  to  whether  it  is 
a  parish  or  a  convent  that  has  to  be  visited. 

In  mediaeval  times  there  were  frequent  disputes  as  to  the 
power  of  a  Metropolitan  to  visit  the  dioceses  of  his  suffragan 
bishops  as  well  as  his  own.  The  Council  of  Trent  finally 
settled  these  disputes  by  laying  down :  "  Metropolitans  may 
not,  even  after  a  full  Visitation  of  their  own  diocese,  visit  the 
cathedral  churches  or  the  dioceses  of  their  own  comprovincials, 
except  for  a  cause  made  known  and  approved  in  a  Provincial 
CounciL"^  However,  it  seems  to  have  been  the  custom 
in  England  in  the  thirteenth  century.  Archbishop  Peckham 
writes  from  Chudleigh,  on  May  28th,  1282,  to  Bishop  Quivil, 
telling  him  that  he  heard  that  the  bishop  had  been  molesting 
Master  Philip,  Archdeacon  of  Barnstaple,  because  the  arch- 
bishop had  sent  him  to  Eome  on  ecclesiastical  business,  pro 
ecclesice  nostrce  iiegotiis ;  and  he  requests  him  not  to  disturb 
him,  but  to  leave  him  in  peaceful  possession  of  his  rights 
and  benefices.-  In  another  letter,  dated  Slyndon,  May  28th, 
1282,  he  says,  "  In  our  late  Visitation  of  the  diocese  of  Exeter, 
we  inquired  into  various  charges  against  the  Archdeacon  of 
Cornwall,"  &c.^  Pope  John  XXII.,  by  a  Bull,  dated  Avignon, 
October  15th,  1326,  gave  full  powers  to  Walter  Kaynold, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  "freely  to  visit  the  dioceses  of 
your  suffragans,  as  you  shall  see  fit,  once  only,  any  Constitu- 
tions notwithstanding."*  But,  in  1332,  Bishop  Grandisson 
appealed  to  the  apostolic  See  against  the  Visitation  of  his 
cathedral  and  diocese  by  Archbishop  ^lepham ;  and  issued 
a  solemn  inhibition  to  the  dean,  forbidding  him  on  pain  of 
the  greater  excommunication  from  publishing  the  Primate's 
letters.  The  Archbifehop  came,  but  was  met  at  the  door  of  the 
church  by  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  with  a  strong  guard,  and 
the  Metropolitan  had  to  return  to  London  without  having 
effected  his  Visitation. 

There  was  a  difference  in  the  method  of  the  Visitation, 
according  as  it  was  ordinary  or  extraordinary.     An  extra- 

»  Sess.  XXIV.  d^  Ref.  13.  >  Wilkins'  Cone.  II.  67. 

»  Ibid.  p.  88.  «  Ibid,  p.  533. 


A  VISITATION  OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH.  433 

ordinary  Visitation,  on  account  of  some  parochial  scandal 
that  required  investigation,  would  be  made  without  notice,  in 
order  that  the  evil  might  be  more  easily  detected. 

The  ordinary  or  canonical  Visitation  was  announced  some 
time  beforehand,  and  the  parishioners  were  stirred  up  to 
prepare  themselves  for  the  visit  of  the  chief  pastor.  The 
church  would  be  put  in  order,  the  sacred  vessels  and  vest- 
ments cleaned  and  renovated,  a  list  of  all  the  articles  used  in 
divine  worship  prepared,  the  Missals  and  other  Liturgical 
books  would  be  examined,  the  clerks  and  choir  boys 
admonished  to  be  on  their  best  behaviour.  Then  the  children 
would  be  prepared  for  confirmation ;  obdurate  sinners  would 
be  admonished  that  their  case  would  be  made  known  to 
the  bishop,  and,  if  they  did  not  repent,  they  might  be  visited 
with  excommunication.  There  were  no  heretics  in  England 
in  the  time  of  Edward  II.,  so  that  there  would  be  no  need 
for  the  bishop  to  enquire  after  them.  But  the  parish  priest 
would  have  to  look  to  his  own  ways.  The  bishop  would  not 
only  inspect  his  church  and  its  ornaments,  his  house  and  all 
its  arrangements,  his  glebe  and  its  accounts,  but  he  would 
invite  the  parishioners  to  state  any  complaints  they  might 
.  have  against  their  priest.  He  would  inquire  how  often 
he  preached,  whether  he  said  mass  and  heard  confessions 
frequently,  whether  he  catechised  the  children,  whether  he 
was  diligent  in  visiting  the  sick  and  dying,  whether  he  was 
often  absent  from  his  parish,  and  whether  he  was  avaricious 
in  exacting  his  dues.  A  Visitation  was  no  doubt  a  safety- 
valve  for  letting  off  a  great  deal  of  suppressed  ill-feeling,  but 
the  complainants  were  strictly  admonished  as  to  the  grave  sin 
of  false  accusations,  especially  against  their  pastor,  and  the 
bishop  would  be  on  his  guard  against  ex  parte  statements. 

Bishops  in  the  middle  ages  travelled  with  a  certain  amount 
of  state,  and  many  Councils  found  it  necessary  to  admonish 
them  to  be  careful  not  to  become  burdensome  to  their  clergy 
by  the  number  of  their  attendants,  or  by  requiring  or 
accepting  unnecessary  sumptuousness  in  their  entertainment. 
Even  seventy  years  ago  there  was  no  carriage  road  to  St. 
Mary  Church,  and  we  may  take  it  for  granted  that  the  bishop 
made  his  Visitation  on  horseback.  As  soon  as  his  approach 
was  observed,  the  church  bells  would  ring  a  joyful  peal,  the 
parish  priest  in  surplice  and  cope,  attended  by  his  clerks, 
would  go  forth  to  the  entrance  of  the  churchyard,  or  perhaps 
of  the  village,  where  a  carpet  would  be  spread.  As  soon  as 
the  bishop  arrived  he  alighted  from  his  horse,  knelt  down 
and  kissed  the  cross  presented  to  him  by  the  priest,  and  then 


434  A  VISITATION   OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH. 

walked,  under  a  canopy  borne  by  the  magistrates  or  chief 
men  of  the  place,  to  the  porch  of  the  church,  where  the 
priest  presented  him  with  the  holy  water  brush,  with  which 
he  sprinkled  himself,  the  clergy,  and  the  peopla     He  then 
blessed  the  incense,  and  was  incensed  three  times  by  the 
parish   priest     The   bishop   then   proceeds   up  the  church, 
€Mlores  the  blessed  Sacrament,  which  in  Exeter  Cathedral  used 
to  be  reserved  in  a  silver  vessel  shaped  like  a  dove,  suspended 
over  the  high  altar ;  and,  after  a  short  private  prayer  for  the 
success   of   his   Visitation,   the   parish   priest   recites   some 
versicles  and  prayers.     Then  the  bishop  goes  up  to  the  altar 
and  gives  the  people  his  benediction.     He  then  addresses  the 
people  from  his  throne,  or  from  the  pulpit,  and  explains  the 
object  of  the  Visitation,  and  the  order  in  which  it  will  take 
place,  and  anything  that  he  thinks  advisable  to  say  to  them. 
After  his  sermon  a  cleric  sings  the  Confiteor,  the  parish  priest 
announces  the  indulgence  of  forty  days,  which  the  bishop 
grants,  and  afterwards  gives  the  benediction.     He  then  puts 
on  an  amice  and  a  purple  or  black  stole,  and  a  cope,  and 
goes  out  to  the  churchyard,  where  he  says  the  De  Proftindis^ 
and  certain  prayers  for  the  faithful  departed. 
•   If  the  bishop  does  not  hold  the  Visitation  himself,  the 
vicar-general,  or  the  priest  delegated  to  hold  it,  must   be 
provided  with  letters  authorizing  him  to  act  in  this  capacity, 
and  defining  the  limits  within  which  he  is  to  confine   his 
inquiries.     These  letters  are  to  be  read  out  by  a  notary  to  the 
clergy  and  people  as  soon  as  the  visitor  enters  the  church. 
In  this  case,  of  course,  all  the  ceremonial  which  has  reference 
to  the  episcopal  character  is  omitted,  and  there  is   no  in- 
dulgence  or  benediction.     Prebendary   Randolph  gives,  on 
p.  149,  a  presentment  by  the  dean  and  chapter  to  Bishop 
Stapeldon  of  the  persons  to  whom  they  ask  him  to  issue 
a  commission  to  visit  the  churches  and  property  belonging  to 
them  in  the  Archdeaconry  of  Exeter,  dated  October  4th,  1319. 
We  shall  get  a  clearer  idea  of  what  was  to  be  expected  in 
this  Visitation   of  St.   Mary  Church  in   1301,  if   we  refer 
to  a  Synod  held  in  Exeter,  under  Bishop  Quivil  in  April, 
1287.     Its  decrees  are  contained  in  fifty-five  chapters,  which 
occupy  thirty -nine  folio  pages  of  Wilkins*  Concilia^  and  throw 
more  light  than  any  other  record  that  I  have  ever  seen  upon 
the  social  and  religious  life  of  Devonshire  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  I.     The  Roman  See  was  vacant,  and  Peckham  was 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury.     A  comparison  of  these  decrees 
with   the  documents   preserved  in  Lyndwood*s  Provinciale 
shows  that  one  main  object  of  the  Synod  of  Exeter,  was  to 


A  VISITATION  OF  ST.  MARY  CHURCH.  435 

publish  the  acts  of  what  Lyndwood  calls  the  "  Pan-Anglican 
Council"  {Concilium  Pan-Anglicum,  held  in  St  Paul's, 
London,  under  Cardinal  Otho,  Legate  of  the  Holy  See  in  1236  ; 
and  those  of  another  Council  held  in  the  same  place  under 
Cardinal  Othobonus  in  1268 ;  together  with  certain  constitu- 
tions of  Archbishop  Peckham  issued  at  Beading  in  1279. 
Hence,  the  Synod  of  Exeter  orders  a  copy  of  its  decrees  to  be  . 
written  out  before  the  coming  Michaelmas,  and  preserved  in 
every  church.  The  fortieth  chapter  is  "on  Archdeacons' 
Visitations,"  and  the  Synod  requires  the  four  archdeacons 
"  to  visit  every  year  each  church  within  their  archdeaconry, 
and  keep  an  inventory  of  their  vestments,  books,  vessels,  and 
other  ornaments,  so  that  they  may  see  what  have  been 
superadded  by  the  diligence  of  the  parish  priests  since  the 
time  of  the  former  visitation,  and  what  have  been  deteriorated 
or  lost  in  the  meantime  by  their  negligence.^ 

It  seems  that  monasteries  used  sometimes  to  supply  those 
churches  that  belonged  to  them  with  books  that  had  been 
cast  aside  by  the  monks  as  worthless,  because  incorrectly 
copied,  and  so  the  priests  were  led  into  erroneous  readings, 
which  made  the  more  educated  laymen  deride  them  as 
simpletons.  I  need  not  remind  you  of  the  old  story  of 
mtvmpsimtLS  and  sumpsimiis.  It  also  appears  that  priests 
of  poorly  supplied  churches  used  sometimes  to  borrow  sacred 
ornaments  from  their  richer  neighbours,  and  pass  them  off  as 
their  own,  and  so  escape  blame.  The  Synod  forbids  this  > 
fraud  under  pain  of  excommunication.^ 

In  order  to  prevent  unnecessary  expense,  the  arphdeacons 
are  forbidden  to  invite  any  of  their  own  friends  to  accompany 
them.  If  the  rector  chooses  to  ask  some  outsiders  to  meet 
them,  this  is  not  forbidden ;  but  if  anyone  intrudes  himself, 
he  is  to  be  suspended  if  a  cleric,  if  a  layman  to  be  quietly 
set  right,  and  instructed  not  to  intrude  again.  The  arch- 
deacon is  not  to  exact,  or  allow  his  men  to  exact,  anything 
more  than  the  old-established  charges ;  and  in  poor  churches, 
which  on  account  of  their  poverty  have  been  hitherto  exempt 
from  charge,  he  is  not  to  exact  anything. 

The  manor,  or  rather  one  of  the  manors  of  St.  Mary 
Church,  had  been,  since  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor, 
the  property  of  the  canons  of  Exeter;  and  the  bishop 
required  them  to  visit  the  church  and  ecclesiastical  in- 
stitutions, which  would  not  have  belonged  to  them  simply 
in  their  capacity  as  lords  of  the  manor,  or  as  patrons  of  the 
benefica    The  acts  and  records  of  the  chapter  were  submitted 

«  Cap.  XL.  •  Cap.  XII. 


436  A   VISITATION  OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH. 

to  the  bishop's  inspection,  and  the  bishop  would  then  be 
relieved  from  the  obligation  of  making  a  visitation  himself. 
The  visitors  appointed  by  the  chapter  in  1301  were  Robert 
de  Veteri  Terra,  which  may  perhaps  be  fairly  translated 
Oldfield,  and  John  of  Uphavene,  who  are  called  "  seneschals 
of  the  Chapter."  The  former  is  mentioned  in  a  will  of  1295, 
as  firmaHtis  of  Topsham  Church,  and  the  latter  was  sub- 
dean  of  the  cathedral,  and  canon  penitentiary.  He  was  the 
first  who  held  that  office,  which  Bishop  Quivil  endowed  with 
the  Rectory  of  Egloshayle  in  Cornwall.  The  Penitentiary 
was,  according  to  the  deed  of  institution,  given  by  Prebendary 
Randolph  in  Bishop  Quivil's  Registers^  to  spend  six  months 
of  the  year  in  hearing  confessions,  especially  of  sick  persons, 
in  all  parts  of  the  diocese.  Thus  he  would  fitly  represent 
the  spiritual  authority  of  the  chapter,  while  Robert  Oldfield 
would  represent  its  temporal  authority. 

At  the  beginning  of  this  century,  as  I  have  said,  there 
was  no  canuage  road  to  St.  Mary  Church,  and  the  visitors 
must  have  ridden  over  from  Exeter,  or  probably  from 
Staverton,  where  they  had  been  the  day  before.®  In  their 
twofold  capacity  as  lords  of  the  manor,  and  6is  representa- 
tives of  the  bishop,  they  were  doubtless  received  with  much 
respect,  and  after  the  customary  prayers  they  commenced 
their  Visitation.  They  evidently  took  the  Exeter  Synod  as 
their  guide,  and  reported  accordingly. 

To  begin  with  the  high  altar  and  its  furniture.  The 
Synod  lays  down,®  "  Let  there  be  in  every  church  at  least 

'  Pa^es  324,  325. 

■  Bishop  StapledorVa  Registers^  p.  378. 

»  Synod  of  Exeter  held  under  Bishop  Quivil,  a.d.  1287. 
Cap.  XII.  De  ecclesiarum  omanieniis^  ct  eoruni  custodia. 

Sit  in  qualibet  ecclesia  saltern  unus  Calix  argenteus,  pnrus  vel  deauratua : 
ciphus  argenteus  vel  stannous  pro  infirmis,  ut  postquam  eucharistiam  as- 
sumpserint,  loturara  digitorum  suorum  sacerdos  sibi  pnebeat  in  eodem.  Sint 
duo  corporal ia  niunda  et  Integra  cum  repositoriis  :  duo  paria  vest i men torum  : 
quorum  unum  festivale  aliud  feriale  :  quatuor  tuellae  ad  majus  altare,  quarum 
saltern  duae  sint  benedictfe  et  una  illarum  cum  parura ;  item  ad  quodlibet 
altare,  cum  contigerit  niissam  inibi  celobrari.  Sint  superpellicea  duo  et 
unura  rochetum;  velum  quadragesimale  ;  velum  nuptiale  ;  paUa  mortuorum: 
frontellum  ad  quodlibet  altare  ;  missale  bonum,  gradale,  troparium,  manuale 
bonum,  legenda,  antiphonale,  psalteria,  ordinale,  vonitare,  ympnale,  collectare. 

Praesens  Synodus  scnpta  habcatur  in  singulis  ecclesiis  citra  festura  S. 
Michaelis.  Cista  ad  libros  et  vestimenta.  Pyxis  argentea  vel  saltern 
eburnea  ad  eucharistiam  cum  serura.  Chrisraatorium  stanneuin  cum  serura. 
Asser  ad  pacem.  Pyxis  ad  oblatas.  Tros  phialae.  SacramenUrium  lapideum, 
et  immobile.  Thuribulum  Vas  ad  mcensum,  vas  ad  aquam  benedictum. 
Hercia  ad  tenebras.  Candelabrum  paschale.  Duae  cruces  ;  una  fixa.  et  alia 
portabilis.  Imago  Beata  Virginis,  et  Sancti  loci  ejusdem.  Cereus  paschalis. 
Duo  cerei  processionales.     Caelatura  super  altare.     Campanella  deferenda  ad 


A  VISITATION   OF  ST.   MARY   CHURCH.  437 

one  chalice,  pure  silver  or  silver-gilt.  A  vessel  of  silver  or 
pewter  for  the  sick,  that  the  priest  may  have  a  washing  for  his 
fingers  in  the  same  after  the  sick  have  received  the  Eucharist 
.  .  .  A  pyx  of  silver  or  pewter  with  a  lock.  A  board 
(asser)  for  the  Pax.  A  pyx  for  the  unconsecrated  altar- breads 
(ohlatas).  Three  cruets.  An  altar-slab  (sacramentarium)  of 
stone  and  immovable.  A  thurible;  a  vessel  for  incense;  a 
vessel  for  holy  water."  Our  Commissioners  report  that  at 
St.  Mary  Church  they  found  "a  chalice  sufficiently  good, 
gilt  inside.  No  Pyx  for  the  Eucharist ;  but  there  was  a  pyx 
for  the  altar  breads.  A  chrismatory  of  wood  with  a  lock." 
This  was  for  keeping  the  parochial  stock  of  the  holy  oils. 
"No  vessel  for  the  visitation  of  the  sick.  A  decent  little 
Pax-board."  This  was  a  metal  instrument  for  giving  the  kiss 
of  peace  with  at  Mass.  The  "* asser**  or  board  mentioned 
by  the  Synod  shows  that  it  was  of  wood,  often  with  a 
metal  plate  upon  it.^  The  Synod  said  there  should  be 
"  two  corporals,  clean  and  sound,  with  burses  for  the  same. 
Two  sets  of  vestments,  one  for  festivals,  the  other  for 
ordinary  days  {aliud  feriale).  Four  cloths  at  the  high  altar, 
two  of  which  must  be  blessed,  and  one  of  them  with  a 
border  round  it.     Let  there  be  two  surplices  and  one  rochet 

infirmos,  et  ad  elevatioDem  Corporis  Cbristi.  Lucema  Boeta*  Campanelln 
ad  mortuos.  Feretrum  mortuorum.  Baptisteriam  lapidem  bene  seratum. 
Fenestrse  vitrese  sufficieutes  in  cancello  et  navi  ecclesise  .  .  . 

Item  audivimus,  auod  propter  sedilia  in  ecclesia  rixantur  multoties  paro- 
chiani,  duobus  vel  pluribus  unum  sedile  vendicantibas ;  propter  quod  ffrave 
scandalum  in  ecclesia  generatur,  et  divinum  saepius  impeditur  officium  ; 
statuimus,  quod  nullus  de  csetero  quasi  proprium  sedile  in  ecclesia  valeat 
▼endicare,  nobilibus  personis  et  ecclesiarum  patronis  duntaxat  exceptis ;  si 
qui  orandi  causa  primo  ecclesium  introerit,  juxta  propriie  voluntatis  aroitriam 
sibi  eligat  orandi  locum. 

Praecipimus  insuper,  quod  de  ecclesiarum  instauro,  ipsius  custodes,  coram 
rectoribus  vel  vicariis  ecclesiarum,  seu  saltern  capellanis  parochialibus ;  et 
quinque  vel  sex  parocbianis  fide  dignis,  quos  ipsi  rectores,  vicarii  vel  capel- 
lani  de  boc  duxerint  eligendos,  quoalibet  anno  compotum  fideliter  reddant, 
et  redigatur  in  scriptis ;  quam  scripturam  praecipimus  loci  arcbidiacono, 
cum  visitat,  prssentari ;  nee  ipsum  instaurum  in  alios  usus,  auam  ecclesise, 
ullatenus  convertatur ;  unde  si  parochiani  pro  deiectibus  ecclesise,  seu  pro 
aliis  demeritis,  amerciari  contigerit,  de  proprio  satisfociaot,  instauro  ecclesi» 
integre  remanente.  £t  quia  nonnunquam  certi  reditus  et  instaurum  cantariis, 
altaribus,  seu  luminaribus  assignatur ;  praecipimus,  quod  ipsa  in  alios  usus 
ecclesise  minime  convertantur,  nbi  necessitas  vel  saltern  sequitas  aliter 
suadeat  ordinare,  loci  arcbidiaconi,  vel  saltern  rectoris  accedente  concessu. 

'  See  under  Stoke  Canon,  Bishop  Stapledons  Beffister,  p.  380:  ''Asser 
cum  metallo  in  superficie  in  quo  figuratur  Imago  Crucifixl  Paxillum  cum 
lapide  de  viridi  marmore." 

Mr.  Mask'ell  says:  ''Examples  of  paxes  are  to  be  seen  in  many  public 
collections  of  works  of  mediffival  art ;  in  metal,  silver,  and  ivory :  "  iij  ly ttel 
pax-bredes  of  tre"  belonged  to  tbe  parisb  of  St.  Mary  Chepe  in  1431.'' — 
Anetcnt  Liturgy ^  p.  172. 


438  A  VISITATION  OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH. 

A  Lenten  veil,  a  nuptial  veil,  a  pall  for  the  dead.  A  frontal 
at  each  altar."  The  Visitors  report — "Three  sets  of  vest- 
ments, of  which  one  chasuble  is  sufficiently  good,  and  two 
others  not  so.  Only  one  surplice  old  and  in  holes.  A  rochet 
barely  fit  for  use."  The  rochet  differs  from  the  surplice  in 
having  the  sleeves  closely  fitting  to  the  arms  instead  of 
being  loose  and  flowing.  It  is  now  restricted  to  prelates 
and  canons;  but  seems  to  have  been  worn  in  England  by 
serving-boys  at  Mass,  as  it  is  now  in  France.  "  Five  (altar) 
cloths  blessed,  of  which  one  has  a  border,  and  a  sixth  cloth 
unblessed.  Four  cruets  sufficiently  good.  The  frontal  at 
the  high  altar  is  of  silk  and  tolerable."  The  Synod  said 
there  must  be  "  a  paschal  candlestick,  two  crosses ;  one  fixed, 
the  other  portable.  A  paschal  candle.  Two  processional 
candles."  At  St  Mary  Church,  there  were  "  a  processional 
cross  in  sufficiently  good  order,  two  processional  candlesticks 
of  pewter." 

The  Visitors  seem  to  have  first  inspected  the  books  which 
were  in  the  church.  The  Synod  had  directed  that  in  every 
church  there  should  be  "a  good  Missal,  a  Gradale,  a  Troparium, 
a  good  Manuale,  a  Legenda,  an  Antiphonale,  Psalters,  an 
Ordinale,  a  Venitare,  a  Hymnale,  a  CoUectare." 

The  Gradale  or  Gradual,  contained  the  words  and 
music  of  the  introits,  graduals,  offertory,  and  communion 
verses,  in  fact  all  that  was  ordinarily  sung  by  the  choir 
during  High  Mass.  The  Troparium  contained  the  words 
and  music  of  the  proses,  sequences,  and  other  metrical 
pieces  introduced  for  special  feasts.  The  Manuale  con- 
tained the  offices  for  baptisui,  extreme  unction,  marriage, 
burial,  various  benedictions,  and  answered  to  the  Rituale, 
The  Hymnale  contained  the  hymns  sung  at  processions,  and 
at  vespers.  The  Ordinale  regulated  the  ceremonies  for 
different  festivals  throughout  the  year. 

The  Venitare  contained  the  invitatories  for  the  Venite,  at 
the  beginning  of  matins,  which  used  to  be  sung  publicly 
in  parish  churches  on  Sundays  and  great  feasts.  The  Legenda 
contained  the  lections  for  matins,  from  Holy  Scripture  for 
the  first  nocturn,  from  the  lives  of  the  Saints  for  the  second 
noctum,  and  a  homily  from  the  Fathers  on  the  gospel  of  the 
day  for  the  third  nocturn.  The  Antiphonale  contained  the 
antiphons  for  vespers;  and  the  Psalter  was  the  book  of 
Psalms,  divided  as  they  were  used  at  the  seven  canonical 
hours  for  the  different  days  of  the  week.  The  CapitulaHum 
and  ColUctare  contained  the  little  chapters  and  collects  of 
the   hours.      The    Visitors    found    at    St.    Mary    Church, 


A  VISITATION   OF  ST.   MARY   CHURCH.  439 

'*  One  psalter  much  worn  and  unfit  for  use,  with  a  Manuale 
bound  up  with  it,  another  psalter  of  no  value,  a  good 
Antiphonale,  with  a  Collectarium,  a  Capitularium,  and  Hym- 
narium  bound  up  with  it,  a  Legenda  complete  for  the  whole 
year  in  two  volumes,  with  a  Capitularium,  a  Collectarium  and 
Hymnarium,  and  with  the  Antiphonarium  inserted  in  its 
proper  place  according  to  the  season,  an  Ordinale  unfit  for 
use,  a  copy  of  the  Synodal  Statute  fairly  good,  a  Missal,  with 
the  musical  notes  written  in  a  good  character,  a  Gradale 
with  the  Troparium,  presented  by  the  chapter,  not  altogether 
according  to  the  use  (of  Exeter).  And  another  Gradale 
old  and  decayed.  There  was  no  Manuale  besides  the  one  in 
the  psalter  mentioned  above;  the  Troparium  and  the  Pro- 
cessionale  are  both  very  good." 

The  Synod  lays  down  that  the  cost  of  all  these  ornaments 
has  hitherto  been,  and  is  still  to  be  borne  by  the  parishioners ; 
but  the  books  for  matins,  one  psalter,  the  glass  windows  in  the 
chancel,  and  the  canopy  over  the  high  altar  (ccelatura)  are  to 
be  provided  by  the  rector  or  vicar,  in  whose  custody  all  are 
to  be  kept.  If  any  accident  happens,  or  thieves  steal  or 
destroy  anything,  on  account  of  the  chancel  not  being 
properly  kept,  the  rector  will  bear  the  risk.  If  the  nave  of 
the  church  has  been  the  cause  of  the  damage,  the  loss  falls 
on  the  parishioners.^ 

There  was  a  little  parochial  dispute,  which  was  referred  to 
our  visitors.  A  propos  of  the  chalice,  they  note,  "The 
chalice  belonging  to  the  chapel  of  Collaton,  which  is  now 
in  ruins,  the  parishioners  of  that  chapelry — of  whom  some 
were  allotted  to  St.  Mary  Church,  and  some  to  [Kings] 
Kerswell — now  keep,  and  refuse  to  give  it  up  to  the  mother 
church.  The  parishioners  of  the  said  mother  church  claim 
it,  together  with  the  instawum  and  timber  (mertmium)  of  the 
same  chapel,  for  the  keeping  up  of  the  said  mother  church. 
That  is  but  just." 

Meremium  was  a  corruption  of  materiamen^  a  mediseval 
word  for  timber,  and  we  learn  from  the  Synod  what  to 
understand  by  instaurum.  The  Synod  says,  "  We  command, 
moreover,  that  with  regard  to  the  instaurum  of  churches,  the 
churchwardens  (custodes)  shall  every  year  faithfully  render  an 
account  of  the  same  before  the  rectors  or  vicars  of  the 
churches,  or  at  least  before  the  parochial  chaplains,  and  five 
or  six  trustworthy  parishioners,  whom  the  rectors,  vicars,  or 
chaplains  shall  judge  worthy  to  be  chosen,  and  their  accounts 
shall  be  committed  to  writing,  and  we  command  that  this 

■  Ibid,  Cap.  XII. 


440  A  VISITATION   OP  ST.   MARY  CttURCH. 

writing  be  presented  to  the  archdeacon  of  the  place  when  he 
makes  his  Visitation.  And  the  fund  itself  shall  never  be 
applied  to  other  uses  than  for  the  church  ;  so  that^  if  the 
parishioners  be  charged  for  the  damage  done  to  the  church,  or 
for  their  own  shortcomings,  they  shall  make  it  good  out  of 
their  own  substance,  and  the  instaurum  of  the  church  shall 
remain  intact.  And  because  sometimes  certain  rents  and 
instaurum  are  assigned  to  chantries,  altars,  or  lights,  we 
command  that  these  shall  by  no  means  be  converted  to  other 
CJiurch  uses,  unless  necessity,  or  at  least  equity  persuade  (the 
authorities),  to  order  otherwise,  supported  by  the  consent 
of  the  archdeacon  of  the  place,  or  at  least  of  the  rector." 

The  instaurum  thus  means  a  fund  similar  to  that  which  is 
called  in  France  la  fdbrique,  for  keeping  in  repair  the  church, 
the  capital  of  which  is  not  to  be  touched,  and  every  care  is 
to  be  taken  in  its  administration.  When  a  chapel,  like  that  of 
Collaton,  had  fallen  down,  and  there  was  no  likelihood  of  its 
being  rebuilt,  it  was  a  difficult  matter  to  know  what  was 
to  be  done  with  the  fund.  The  decision  of  our  Visitors  seems 
according  to  equity,  as  indeed  they  say. 

There  weis  a  further  matter  of  contention  between  the  vicar 
of  St.  Mary  Church  and  his  parishioners.  "  The  parishioners 
say  that,  until  the  time  of  the  present  vicar,  they  had  been 
accustomed  to  keep  up  the  chancel  in  all  respects,  and  were 
exempt  from  the  payment  of  tithes  for  the  fund  of  the  church. 
But  this  vicar,  although  he  does  not  keep  up  the  chancel,  yet 
receives  the  tithes,  and  compels  them  to  pay  them." 

Another  complaint  was,  that  "  Agnes  Bonatrix  left  five 
shillings  (charged)  on  a  field  of  barley,  for  the  keeping  up 
of  the  Church  of  St.  Mary,  and  the  vicar  received  this,  and 
keeps  it  for  his  own  use.  Also,  Master  Roger  de  Eous  left  a 
certain  sum  of  money  for  the  same  purpose,  which  the  said 
vicar  is  reported  to  have  received  in  part." 

The  Synod  had  decreed,  "as  to  cemeteries  of  churches, 
both  because  they  are  holy  places,  and  also  because  they  are 
•sanctified  by  the  relics  of  saints  buried  there,  we  command 
that  they  be  kept  free  from  all  uncleanness,  and  especially 
that  they  be  not  defiled  by  the  filth  of  brute  animals." 
The  parishioners  tell  the  Visitors  that  "  the  vicar  puts  his 
beasts  of  all  kinds  into  the  cemetery,  and  in  consequence 
it  is  badly  trampled  about  and  abominably  defiled."  The 
Synod  had  enacted,  "That  if  the  rectors  of  churches,  or 
parish  priests,  to  whom  the  custody  of  the  cemeteries  is 
understood  principally  to  belong,  put  their  own  or  other 
people's  animals  to  feed  there,  or  allow  them  to  be  fed  there. 


A  VISITATION  OF  ST.  MARY  CHURCH.  441 

we  decree  that  they  be  heavily  punished  by  the  ordinaries 
of  the  place."  * 

The  same  decree  says,  "And  whereas  we  have  understood 
that  between  the  rectors  of  churches  and  their  parishioners 
disputes  often  arise  about  the  trees  growing  in  the  cemetery, 
each  side  maintaining  that  these  belong  to  them,  we  deem  it 
better  to  clear  up  the  question  of  right  by  setting  forth  the 
written  law,  than  to  settle  the  matter  by  a  special  statute 
of  our  own.  For,  since  the  cemetery,  especially  when  it  has 
been  consecrated,  is  the  soil  of  the  church,  and  whatever  is 
planted  on  it  goes  with  the  soil ;  it  follows  necessarily  that 
the  same  trees  ought  to  be  accounted  among  the  goods  of  the 
church,  of  the  disposal  of  which  no  power  is  given  to  laymen. 
But  since  those  same  trees  are  often  planted  on  account  of 
the  violence  of  the  wind,  that  it  may  not  injure  the  churches, 
we  forbid  the  rectors  of  churches  from  presuming  to  cut  them 
down  indiscriminately,  unless  when  the  chancel  of  the 
church  requires  necessary  repair.  And  they  are  not  to  be 
applied  to  any  other  uses  whatsoever,  except  when  the  nave 
of  the  church  stands  in  need  of  repair,  and  the  rectors,  on 
account  of  the  poverty  of  their  parish,  charitably  choose  to 
bestow  on  them  some  of  these  trees.  We  do  not  command 
this  to  be  done,  but  when  it  has  been  done,  we  commend  it" 

I  am  afraid  the  vicar  of  St.  Mary  Church  could  not  claim 
this  commendation,  for  his  parishioners  complained  that  "  the 
said  vicar  appropriates  to  himself  the  trees  in  the  cemetery 
that  are  blown  down  by  the  wind,  and  uses  them  for  his 
own  buildings." 

They  also  complain  "  that  the  said  vicar  causes  his  malt 
to  be  prepared  in  the  church,  and  stores  up  his  wheat  and 
other  things  there.  And  hence  his  labourers,  coming  in  and 
going  out,  open  the  door,  and  the  wind,  in  stormy  times,  gets 
into  the  church,  and  often  blows  ofif  portions  of  the  roof" 
This  was  a  more  serious  matter  than  the  complaint  about  the 
trees,  where  the  vicar  seems  to  have  been  fairly  within  his 
rights.  The  visitors  report  that  "  one  window  in  the  south 
side  of  the  chancel  is  badly  glazed,  and  without  iron  fittings ; 
another  with  the  iron  worn  thin,  and  without  any  glass;  a 
third  with  iron  fittings,  but  no  glass.  Moreover,  the  roof  of 
the  chancel  is  in  a  feeble  state.  The  font  has  no  lock ;  the 
nave  of  the  church,  and  likewise  the  tower,  want  fresh  roofing." 
This  dilapidated  church  was  rebuilt  in  the  time  of  Eichard  II. 

The  Visitation  went  on  to  investigate  the  way  in  which 
the  vicar  fulfilled  his  spiritual  duties.     His  parishioners  say 

»  Synod.  Exon.  Cap.  XIV. 
VOL.   XXV.  2   F 


442  A  VISITATION   OF  81.   MAKY   CHUKGU. 

"  that  he  preaches  well,  and  exercises  himself  laudably  in  alt 
things  in  his  office  when  he  is  present.  But  he  very  often 
absents  himself,  and  spends  much  time  at  Mortone  (Moreton 
Hampstead),  sometimes  lor  fifteen  days  together,  sometimes 
for  eight,  so  that  the  villagers  have  no  chaplain,  except  when 
Sir  Walter,  the  archdeacon's  chaplain,  is  there,  or  someone 
else  is  found  to  supply  for  the  occasion." 

The  parish  priest  does  not  seem  to  have  made  any  com- 
plaints against  his  parishioners,  so  that  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  St.  Mary  Church  people  had  no  cases  of  flagrant 
crimes  amongst  them.  The  Synod  says,  *'  We  have  heard  that 
parishioners  frequently  quarrel  about  the  seats  in  the  church, 
two  or  more  laying  claim  to  the  same  seat,  and  on  this 
account  grave  scandal  is  caused  in  the  church,  and  divine 
service  is  often  interrupted.  We  lay  down  that  no  one  from 
henceforth  can  claim  a  seat  in  the  church  as  his  own  except 
noblemen  and  patrons  of  churches.  Whoever  first  enters  tne 
church  for  the  purpose  of  praying  may  choose,  according  to 
the  judgment  of  his  own  will,  his  place  for  praying."  There 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  any  quarrel  of  this  kind  at  St. 
Mary  Church. 

1  suspect  that  the  vicar,  whose  name  does  not  appear,  must 
have  had  a  bad  quarter  of  an  hour  the  next  time  he  saw  the 
bishop,  especially  as  Thomas  de  Bodeham,  the  late  Arch- 
deacon of  Totnes,  was  a  remarkably  good  and  zealous  man, 
and  must  have  warned  him  to  amend  his  ways.  His  successor, 
Eoger  de  Eous,  seems  to  have  sent  his  chaplain  sometimes 
to  supply  for  the  vicar  during  his  frequent  visits  to  Moreton- 
hampstead,  where  Eobert  de  Combe  was  then  rector.  It 
may,  however,  be  observed  that,  although  the  St.  Mary 
Church  people  were  sufficiently  outspoken  as  to  the  short- 
comings of  their  vicar,  there  is  no  suspicion  of  any  charge 
against  his  morals.  We  may  take  it  as  proved  that  he  was 
a  man  of  blameless  life,  who  acquitted  himself  of  his  duties 
to  his  flock  fairly  well,  though  he  was  too  fond  of  staying 
away  on  the  moors.  He  was  not  popular,  on  account  of  a 
certain  close-fisted  way  he  had  about  financial  matters ;  but 
his  chief  fault  seems  to  have  been  his  want  of  care  for  his 
church  and  its  furniture.  Every  time  that  he  celebrated  >Iass 
he  probably  said,  when  he  washed  his  hands,  ''Domine,  dilexi 
decorem  domus  tuae,  et  locum  hdbitationis  gloriae  iicae — Lord, 
I  have  loved  the  beauty  of  thy  house,  and  the  place  of  the 
habitation  of  thy  glory."*     How  strange  those  words  must 

*  This  Lavaho  psalm  is  prescribed  in  the  York  Missal.     The  Hereford  has 
the  Veni  Creator,    The  Sanun  substitutes  a  Prayer. 


A  VISITATION  OF   ST.   MARY  CHURCH.  443 

have  seemed,  with  his  malt  on  the  floor,  and  his  com  littering 
in  the  tower,  while  the  wind  was  blowing  through  the  broken 
windows,  and  threatening  to  carry  away  the  dilapidated  roof. 

Again,  the  absence  of  a  pyx  for  the  Blessed  Eucharist 
reveals  an  habitual  irreverence,  in  direct  variance  with  the 
most  earnest  injuctions  of  the  Synod,  of  which  he  had  a 
copy  in  his  church.  That  Synod  enjoins,  in  its  fourth 
chapter,  "  Let  the  parish  priest  always  have,  for  the  sake  of 
the  sick,  consecrated  hosts,  which  we  strongly  forbid  to  be 
kept  more  than  seven  days;  but  on  the  following  Sunday, 
before  the  ablution  of  the  Chalice,  let  them  be  consumed 
by  the  priest  celebrating  the  Mass,  or  by  another,  so  that  it 
be  done  worthily  and  devoutly ;  and  on  that  day  let  hosts, 
according  to  the  number  of  the  parishioners,  more  or  less, 
be  newly  consecrated,  so  as  to  last  through  the  week." 

The  Synod  goes  on,  "  When  the  Eucharist  shall  be  carried 
to  the  sick,  let  the  priest  put  on  his  surplice  and  stole, 
unless  the  distance  of  the  place  and  the  inclemency  of  the 
weather  will  not  admit  of  it.  Let  the  Lord's  Body  be  laid 
up  in  a  most  clean  burse,  and  that  shut  up  under  a  lock  in 
a  pyx  clean  and  decent  of  silver  or  of  ivory,  or  other  fitting 
material,  and  let  the  priest  carry  it  on  his  breast,  with  a 
lantern  going  before  him,  because  it  is  'the  brightness  of 
the  everlasting  Light '  that  is  carried.  Let  also  a  little  bell 
go  in  front,  that  at  its  sound  the  faithful  may  be  stirred  up 
to  adore  the  Body  of  our  Lord,  by  humbly  bowing  them- 
selves and,  if  possible,  falling  on  their  knees ;  and  that  their 
trouble  in  this  may  be  held  meritorious,  we  mercifully  relax 
thirteen  days  of  the  penance  enjoined  them,  to  all  those  who 
do  this  with  a  pure  and  devout  heart,  that  no  one  may  think 
it  burdensome  to  render  such  service  to  his  Creator."^  It  is 
difficult  to  see  how  this  injunction  could  be  carried  out  if 
there  was  no  pyx. 

Besides  the  articles  already  mentioned  the  Synod  had 
prescribed  for  every  church  "  a  thurible,  a  vessel  for  incense, 
a  vessel  for  Holy  Water.  ...  A  canopy  over  the  Altar.  A 
bell  to  be  carried  to  the  sick,  and  for  the  elevation  of  the 
Body  of  Christ.  A  Lucenfia  Boetta  (which  appears  from  the 
Statutes  of  Ottery  St.  Mary  to  have  been  a  lantern,  to 
prevent  the  wind  blowing  out  the  light).*  Bells  for  tlie 
dead.  A  bier  for  the  dead."  None  of  these  seem  to  have 
been  in  the  sacristy  of  St.  Mary  Church.  It  may  be  urged 
that  a  little  coimtry  village  could  hardly  be  expected  to  be 

»  Cap.  IV. 

'  See  Oliver,  Monasticont  pp.  271,  273 ;  also  Du  Canoe,  Lueema  BoeUa. 

2  F  2 


444  A  VISITATION  OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH. 

provided  with  all  these  utensils.  But  what  if  they  are 
found  to  be  in  the  small  chapelries  dependent  on  St.  Mary 
Church  ?  Surely  the  mother  church  ought  not  to  have  been 
behind  its  daughter  chapels. 

A  Visitation  at  Staverton,  made  the  day  before  our 
Visitation,  contains  a  very  much  fuller  inventory  than  that 
which  we  have  discussed,  both  as  to  books  and  altar  furniture. 
There  was  a  silk  cope  there,  though  not  of  great  value. 
The  parishioners  say  that  "  Sir  Walter,  the  Vicar,  conducts 
himself  well  and  honourably,  and  instructs  them  exceedingly 
well  in  spiritual  things.  There  is  no  defect  in  hinj,  as  they 
assert.  They  know  nothing  of  any  mortal  sin  concealed." 
The  Visitors  seem  to  have  been  informed  of  some  false 
reports  against  him.  But  a  Visitation  which*  Bishop  Stapledon 
made  of  the  same  parish  on  the  1st  of  April,  1314,  finds  a 
number  of  deficiences  in  the  inventory.  And  the  Bishop 
charges  the  rectors,  that  is,  the  dean  and  chapter,  the  vicar, 
whose  name  was  Adam,  and  the  parishioners,  to  make  good 
all  these  deficiencies  by  Michaelmas,  or  they  will  have  to 
pay  a  fine  of  £20  towards  the  building  of  Exeter  Cathedral. 

The  visitors  proceed  to  the  visitation  of  "Carswille,"  or 
Kingskerswell,  and  report — ' 

"  In  the  said  Chapel  there  is  a  fairly  good  Missal,  and  likewise 
a  Gradale  with  a  Troparium.  A  tolerably  good  chalice.  Two 
sets  of  vestments  all  complete,  and  two  sets  of  corporals,  with 
good  burses  of  silk.  Six  [altar]  cloths.  Two  surplices  and  one 
rochet,  A  Pyx  for  the  Eucharist  of  wood,  without  a  lock.  A 
pewter  vessel  for  visiting  the  sick.  A  processional  Cross,  old  and 
unfit  for  use,  though  its  staff  is  decent.  Five  cruets.  One 
Psalter,  defective.  An  Antiphonale  in  poor  condition.  No 
Ordinale.  No  I^gcnda,  The  font  without  a  lock.  A  fairly 
good  thurible,  and  a  lantern.  A  good  banner.  The  Chapel  has 
the  wall  in  the  nave  broken,  but  it  is  being  repaired.  The  chancel 
roof  is  in  bad  condition.  There  are  two  bells  for  the  dead,  and  one 
for  the  Elevation  of  the  Body  of  Christ.  The  chancel  windows 
are  without  glass,  and  in  a  disgraceful  st<\te." 

Of  Coflinswell  they  report — 

"  In  this  Chapel  is  a  good  Missal,  with  the  musical  notes.  A 
Gradale  old  and  decayed.  A  good  Tro[)arium.  A  good  Ordinale. 
A  Legenda  with  the  Psalter  fairly  good.  A  monastic  Antiphonale, 
old  and  badly  bound."  A  Manuale  with  a  Hymnale  likewise 
badly  bound.  A  fairly  good  chalice,  gilt  inside.  Two  complete 
sets   of   vestments,   and  besides  these   two  albs  distinct.     Nine 

'  Antiphonale  AfoniaU,  an  example  of  the  discanled  Hturgical  books   of 
a  monastery  being  given  or  sold  to  poor  parishes. 


A  VISITATION   OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH.  445 

[altar]  cloths.  A  fairly  good  thurible.  A  wooden  chrisniatory. 
A  pyx  for  the  Eucharist  of  wood,  without  a  lock.  Two  surplices 
and  one  rochet.  A  lenten  veiL  A  Processional  Cross.  Two 
cruets.  The  canopy  over  the  altar  much  dilapidated.  All  the 
chancel  windows  are  without  glass,  and  th^y  are  too  small.  Two 
bells  for  the  dead.  The  nave  of  the  Church  is  dilapidated  in  the 
roof." 

On  the  whole  these  two  chapels,  though  poorly  furnished 
and  out  of  repair,  are  better  found  in  some  respects  than 
the  mother  church.  On  August  10th,  1313,  Bishop  Stapledou 
issued  a  commission  to  two  of  the  Canons  of  Exeter  to 
institute  Kobert  de  Maloylsel  to  the  vicarage  of  St.  Mary 
Church,  when  we  may  suppose  the  vicar  under  the  visitation 
we  have  been  following  went  to  give  in  his  last  account. 

The  visitors  held  a  Court  of  the  Manor,  of  which  they 
give  the  returns.     Their  report  is — 

"The  tenants  of  the  Church  (Sanctuarii)  say  on  their  oath 
that  the  assessed  rents  are  £6  18s.  4d.  with  the  rents  of  Carswille 
(Kingskerswell)  and  Huwelburghe  (?  Wolborough).*  Of  the 
assessed  aid  (auxilium)  first  imposed  by  Walter  Fitz-Peter,*  and 
hitherto  paid,  one  mark,  on  which  they  petition  for  relief.  Also 
as  to  the  poll-tax  (cJwvagium)  12d.  And  the  said  tenants  on  their 
oath  estimate  the  Church  demesne,  with  the  garden  and  meadow, 
as  worth  a  hundred  shillings.  And  the  tithes  of  the  sheaves 
of  corn  of  the  whole  parish,  together  with  its  chapels,  they  value 
at  £46  13s.  4d.  The  dues  (perquisita)  of  the  Chapter,  20»;  of 
the  Hundred,  one  mark.  Also,  they  reckon  as  a  set  off  (defectum) 
repairs  to  be  made  in  the  kitchen,  468.  8d. ;  in  the  cow-house, 
20s. ;  in  enlarging  the  grange  of  Coffinswille,  two  marks ;  in 
rebuilding  the  grange  at  Carswille,  ten  marks.'' 

The  term  "  assessed  rent "  reddittts  assisus,  probably  refers 
to  the  fact  that  since  the  twentieth  year  of  Edward  I.,  1292, 
the  houses  and  lands  of  the  clergy  were  taxed  at  the  same 
rate  as  those  of  laymen.^  The  auxilium  assisum  was  an 
addition  to  the  ordinary  rent,  imposed  for  some  special 
purpose,  ex.  gr.  the  ransom  of  a  king;  but,  according  to 
Bracton,^  it  had  a  legal  limit,  and  could  not  exceed  twenty 
shillings  for  one  knight's  fee.  The  tithes  of  the  parish 
would  amount  to  about  £900  of  our  money.     The  perquisita 

■  Wolborough  is  called  in  the  EoeeUr  Domesday  "Olueberie,"  in  the 
Exchequer  version  **  Vlveberie,"  or  **  Ulncberie."  See  DevonsIUre  Domesday, 
pp.  548,  549. 

'  Walter  Fitz-Peter  is  mentioned  in  a  deed  of  1267  as  Treasurer  of  the 
Chapter.     See  Oliver,  Bishops  of  Exeter,  p.  283. 

*  THOROLD  Rogers,  Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wagcs^  p.  162. 

*  Lib.  ii.  cap.  16,  sec.  8. 


446  A  VISITATION  OF  ST.   MARY  CHURCH. 

capUvii,  which  I  have  translated  "dues  of  the  chapter," 
would  seem  to  be  a  kind  of  offering,  partly  voluntary,  but  so 
customary  as  to  be  regularly  asked  for.  Du  Cange  mentions 
a  charter  of  Stephen,  Archbishop  of  Paris  in  1124,  which 
says  "  the  annual  dues  (qiuieeita)  which  the  canons  have  been 
accustomed  to  exact  and  hold  from  the  priests  of  the  said 
churches,  they  shall  no  longer  exact  from  them  nor  hold." 
On  the  whole,  after  paying  the  £11  6s.  8d.,  the  amount 
of  the  repairs,  the  sum  due  to  the  chapter  from  St.  Maiy 
Church  and  its  chapelries  was  £35  6s.  8d.  This  is  more  than 
forty-seven  times  the  fifteen  shillings  at  which  the  manor  was 
valued  in  Domesday. 

It  does  not  appear  what  the  income  of  the  vicar  of  St.  Maiy 
Church  was  at  this  period.  The  Synod  of  Exeter  enactel 
that  vicars,  assistant  priests  (or  curates,  as  they  are  commonly 
now  called),  should  not  receive  less  than  fifty  shillings  a  year. 
That  vicarages  should  have  certain  fixed  portions  of  the 
tithes  assigned  to  the  priest,  and  in  no  case  less  than  sixty 
shillings  a  year,  and  more  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the 
parish.  If  the  rectors  of  these  parishes  think  this  is  too 
great  a  burthen  to  put  upon  them,  the  Synod  slyly  observes 
that  they  can  alwayq  be  relieved  by  doing  the  work  them- 
selves, and  so  dispensing  with  their  vicars. 

We  may  now  take  leave  of  St.  Mary  Church  and  its  vicar, 
hoping  that  Prebendary  Randolph's  researches  in  the  Registers 
of  Bishop  Graudisson  will  give  us  some  further  details  of  the 
history  of  this  ancient  parish. 

From  Prebendary  Hingeston- Randolph's  Registers  of 
Bishop  Stapledoiiy  page  337. 

St.  Mary  Church  ("  Seynt  Marie  Churche,  cum  suis  Capellis." 
MS.) 

Visitafum^  **die  Martis  proxima  sequente  (post  Festum  Apos- 
tolorum  Petri  ct  Pauli — 4  July,  1301),  per  Ma/jisfros  Bohertuju 
de  Veieri  Terra  et  JoJiannem  de  Uphaveiie^  Senesch alios  Capituli  : 

"  In  presonti  Visitacione  fuerunt  in  Ecclesia  Matrici  loci  predict! 
— Unum  Psalterim  debilo  et  insufficiens,  cum  Manuali  in  eodem.  Le- 
genda  tocius  anni  plcnaria,  in  duobus  voluniinibus,  cum  Capitulario, 
Collectario,  et  Ymnario,  et  cum  Antij>h(»nario  suo  loco  intcrposito 
de  Temporali.  Ordinale  insuHiciens.  Statu tum  Synodale  sufticiens. 
Missale,  notatum,  et  bone  litere.  Gradale  cum  Tropario,  collatum 
a  Capitulo,  non  de  Usu  ex  toto.  Et  aliud  Gradale,  vetus  et 
putrefactum.  Nullum  Manuale  preterquam  in  Psalterio  supra- 
dicto.  Tria  palla  Vestiraentorum,  quonim  una  Casula  sufficiens 
et  alie   non    sufficientes.      Unum  superpellicium  tantum,  vetus 


A  VISITATION   OF  ST.  MARY   CHUKCH.  447 

et  perforatum.  Rochetum  minus  sufficier^s.  V  tuelle  benedicte, 
quarum  una  cum  parura ;  et  sexta  non  benedicta.  Nulla  Pixis  ad 
Eukaristiam :  Pixis,  tamen,  ad  oblatas.  Ckrismatorium  ligneum, 
seratiim.  Nullus  ciphus  ad  infirmos  visitandos.  Crux  Processionalis 
satis  conveniens.  \j  Candelabra  Processionalia  de  stanno.  Y  paria 
Corporalium  cum  quatuor  repositoriis  debilibus.  Paxillum  decens. 
Calix  sufficiens  interius  deauratus — Et  memorandum  de  Calice 
Caj)elle  de  Coleton  prostrate  cujus  quondam  Parochiani — nunc, 
vero,  partim  apud  Seynct  Mariechurche  et  partim  apud  Cars wy lie 
assignati — detinent,  et  Matrici  Ecclesio,  una  cum  instauro  et 
meremio  cjusdem  Capelle,  ad  sustentacionem  dicte  Matricis 
Ecclesie  converti.  Id  est  justum. — Quatuor  fiole  sufficientes. 
Frontale  ad  Majus  Altare  de  serico,  tolerandum.  Una  fenestra  in 
Australi  parte  Cancelli  est  male  vitreata  et  sine  ferro:  secunda, 
cum  debili  ferro  et  sine  vitro :  tercia  cum  ferro  set  sine  vitro. 
Prasterea  tectum  Cancelli  valde  debile.  Fons  sine  serura.  Navis 
Ecclesie  et  similiter  Campanile  coopertura  indigent.  Troparium 
et  Processionale  simul  valde  bonum. 

**  Parochiani  dicunt  quod  consueverunt,  usque  ad  tempora 
presentis  Yicarii,  sustinere  Cancellum  in  omnibus,  et  esse 
immunes  a  prestacione  decime  instauri  Ecclesie ;  set  iste,  licet  non 
sustentet  Cancellum,  tamen  pcrcipit  decimam,  et  compellit  eos  ut 
solvant.  Item,  dicunt  quod  Agnes  Bonatrix  legavit  v«.  ballar- 
dorum,  ad  sustentacionem  Ecclesie  de  Seiutemarie,  quos  Vicarius 
recepit  et  detinet.  Item,  Magister  Rogerus  le  Rous  legavit 
quandam  summam  peccunie  ad  idem,  (][uam  idem  Vicarius  dicitur 
recepisse  pro  parte.  Item,  dicunt  quad  idem  Vicarius  ponit 
omnimodas  bestias  suas  in  cimiterio,  per  quod  male  conculcatur  et 
viliter  fedatur.  Item,  dictus  Vicarius  arbores  cimiterii  vento 
prostratas  sibi  appropriat,  et  ad  edificationes  suas  convertit.  Item, 
idem  Vicarius  facit  parare  brasium  suum  in  Ecclesia,  et  bladum 
suum,  et  alia  ibidem  reponit,  per  quod  servientes  sui,  intrantes  et 
exeuntes,  aperiunt  ostium,  et  ventus  in  tempestatibus  intrans 
Ecclesiam  discooi)erire  solct.  Dicunt,  eciam,  quod  bene  predicat, 
et  officium  suum  in  omnibus  laudabilitur  exercet,  dum  presens 
est.  Set  sepius  se  absentat,  et  moram  facit  apud  Mortone 
[Morefon  Ham]>8tead\  aliquando  per  quindecim  dies,  aliquando 
per  octo,  ita  quod  non  habent  Capellanum,  nisi  quondo  Dominus 
Walterus,  Capellanus  Archidiaconi,  prsesens  est^  vel  aliunde 
precario  perquiratur. 

**Item,  tencntes  Sanctuarii,  jurati,  dicunt  de  redditu  assiso 
quod  sunt  vj/i.  xviij.-*.  iiij<i.,  cum  redditu  de  Carswille  et  Huwel- 
burghe  De  auxilio  assiso,  per  Walterum  Filium  Petri  primitus 
imposito,  et  actenus  soluto,  j  marca ;  super  quo  petunt  remedium. 
Item,  de  chevagio  xii*^.  Et  estiniant  dicti  jurati  dominicum 
cum  gardino  et  prato,  valere  Ca.  ;  et  decimam  garbarum  tocius 
Parochie  cum  Capellis,  •  xlvj".  xiij«.  iiij'*. ;  perquisita  Capituli, 
xx*.  ;   Hundredi,  j   marcam.     Item,  defectum   in  coquina  corri- 


448  A  VISITATION   OF  ST.   MARY   CHURCH. 

genda  estimant  xlvj^.  viij**. ;  in  boveria  xx*. ;  in  grangia  de 
Coffynswille  elonganda  ij  marcis,  et  in  grangia  de  Carswille 
reedificanda  x  marcis. 

"  GapeUa  ds  Carsunlle. 

"  In  dicta  Capella  est  Missale  sufficiens.  Et  similiter,  Gradale, 
cum  Tropario.  Calix  tollerabilis.  ij  paria  Vestimentorum  plenana 
et  y  paria  Corporalium  cum  ij  repositoriis  de  serico  honestis.  yj 
tualle.  Duo  superpellicia  et  unum  rochetum.  Pixis  ad  Eucharistiam 
lignea,  sine  serura.  Ciphus  stanneus  ad  infirmos  visitandos. 
Crux  Processionalis,  vetus  et  insufficiens ;  tamen  ejus  hasta  decens. 
Fiole  V.  Unum  Psalterium  defectivum.  Antiphonarium  debile. 
Ordinale  nullum.  Legenda  nulla.  Baptisterium  sine  sera.  Turri- 
bulum  sufficiens,  et  boeta.  Vexillum  bonum.  Capella  fracta  in 
Navi ;  set  est  in  reficiendo.  Cancellum  male  coopertum.  Due 
campanelle  ad  mortuos,  et  una  ad  Elevationem  Corporis  ChristL 
Fenestre  Cancelli  sine  vitro  et  inhoneste. 

"  Coffiiismlle. 

"  In  qua  Capella  est  bonum  Missale  notatum.  Gradale  vetus  et 
putrefactum.  Bonum  Troparium.  Bonum  Ordinale.  Legenda 
cum  Psalterio  sufficiens,  set  male  ligatum.  Antiphonarium 
Moniale,  vetus  et  male  legatum.  Manuale,  cum  Ympmario,  similiter 
male  ligatum.  Calix  sufficiens,  interius  deauratus.  Duo  paria 
Vestimentorum  plenaria  et,  preter  hoc,  ij  Albe  per  se.  Tualle  ix. 
Turribulum  sufficiens.  Chrismatorium  ligneum.  Pixis  ad  Eukar- 
istiam  lignea,  sine  sera.  Duo  superpeUicia  et  unum  rochetum. 
Velum  Quadragesimale.  Crux  Processionalis.  Due  fiole.  Cela- 
tura  ultra  Altare  totaliter  fracta.  Omnes  Cancelli  fenestre  sine 
vitro  et  nirais  parve.  Due  campane  ad  mortuos.  Navis  Ecclesie 
debiliter  cooperta." 

(Archives  of  the  D.  and  C,  No,  3673,  p.  27.) 


EICHAED  IZACKE, 
AND  HIS  "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETER. 

BY     T.     N.     BRUSHPIELD,     M.D. 
(Read  at  Torquay.  Jaly,  1893.) 


if 


No  Devonshire  work  is  better  known,  or  is  more  frequently 
quoted,  than  Richard  Izacke's  Remarkable  Antiquities  of  the 
City  of  Exeter,  and  its  popularity  appears  to  be  attested  by 
the  number  of  issues  of  it  that  took  place  between  the  years 
1676  and  1757.  Although,  however,  they  have  been 
enumerated  in  Bibliographical  works,  they  have  not  been 
collated  with  each  other,  or  received  that  amount  of  exami- 
nation and  description  that  modern  Bibliography  demands. 
A  similar  remark  holds  good  with  respect  to  another  work 
associated  with  his  name. 

The  object  of  this  paper  is  to  describe  the  various  issues, 
together  with  some  interesting  particulars  of  their  histories 
and  peculiarities.  This  renders  necessary  some  preparatory 
account  of  those  members  of  the  Izacke  ^  family,  who  held 
public  appointments  in  the  City  of  Exeter,  as  the  publication 
of  the  volumes  in  question  was  the  direct  outcome  of  the 
municipal  otfices  held  by  them. 

The  earliest  of  the  family  connected  with  Exeter,  as  ascer- 
tained by  Dr.  Oliver,^  was  George  Izacke,  who  was  admitted 
an  attorney  of  the  Mayor's  Court,  on  March  8th,  1587,  and 
is  believed  to  be  referred  to  by  Sir  W.  Pole,*  in  the  following 
passage :  **  S'  Arthur  Champemon  had "  the  manor  of 
Polsloe,  "  and  gave  it  in  exchange  for  Dertington,  w'**  .  .  . 
Ailworth,  whose  grandsonne  Thomas  hath  lately  departed 

^  The  name,  in  books  and  documents,  Is  found  with  these  yariations : 
Isaac,  Isack,  Isacke,  Isaack,  Isaacke,  Izack,  Izacke. 

*  In  Biography  of  Exonians,  published  in  the  columns  of  an  Exeter  news- 
paper. Particulars  have  been  gleaned  from  this,  as  well  as  from  other  worka 
of  the  same  author. 

'  Devonshire,  234. 


450  RICHARD   IZACKE, 

w"*  the  same,  or  a  very  long  lease  thereof,  unto  .  .  .  Isack, 
whoe  dwelleth  in  -the  same/' 

In  the  Visitations  of  Devon  by  Col.  Vivian,  there  are  pedi- 
grees of  "  Isacke  of  Polslowe,"  and  of  "  Isack  of  Buryott," 
distinct  families,  judging  from  the  marked  difference  in  their 
respective  coats  of  arms.  The  ancestors  of  the  former,  to 
which  section  fiichard  Izacke  belonged,  originally  "  came  out 
of  Kent,"  and  settled  first  at  Ottery  St  Mary,  removing 
afterwards  to  Heavitree.  Col.  Vivian  does  not  record  any  of 
those  who  held  civic  appointments,  although  his  pedigree  of 
the  family  extends  to  the  commencement  of  the  18th  century. 

The  next  prominent  member,  Samuel  Izacke,  "  a  lawyer 
in  creditable  practice  .  .  .  was  chosen  by  the  Mayor  and 
Corporation  on  the  4th  of  May,  1624,  to  succeed  their  Town 
Clerk,  John  Martin,  then  lately  deceased.  His  faithful 
attention  to  official  duties,  his  integrity  and  talents,  proved 
the  wisdom  of  the  appointment.  For  his  unbending  loyalty 
he  was  displaced  in  1647;  but  on  the  restoration  of  Charles  II. 
reinstated  with  honour  in  his  office ;  nor  did  he  surrender 
it  until  protracted  old  age  compelled  him  to  relinquish  on 
the  3rd  of  May,  1681."  (Dr.  Oliver.)  He  died  in  the  follow- 
ing  year,  and  was  buried  at  Ottery  St.  Mary,  as  thus  recorded 
in  the  Burial  Register : — 

"1681  [2]  Mr.  Samuel  Isack  of  Exon,  Utb  February."* 

His  son,  Richard  Izacke  (1624?-1698),  author  of  the 
Antiquities,  c&c,  brought  up  as  a  lawyer,  was  elected  Cham- 
berlain of  the  City  on  October  25th,  1653,  "aud  contrived 
to  weather  the  storm  of  the  great  rebellion  without  the  sacri- 
fice of  fortune  or  character.  So  valuable  were  his  services 
deemed  by  the  Corporation  that  they  tendered  to  him  on  the 
15th  of  December,  1663,  the  reversion  of  the  Town  Clerkship, 
at  that  time  held  by  his  •father."  (Dr.  Oliver.)  He  became 
Town  Clerk  on  December  15th,  1681,  and  apparently  retained 
his  office  of  Chamberlain  until  the  appointment  of  his 
successor,  Edward  Malet,  on  April  3rd,  1683,  after  having 
held  it  for  nearly  thirty  years.  He  continued  in  the  former 
office  to  the  day  of  his  death,  March  13th,  1698,  and,  like  his 
father,  was  also  interred  at  Ottery  St.  Mary.  The  following 
is  transcribed  from  the  Burial  Register : 

"  1697  [8]  Mr.  Richard  Isaac,  March  16th."  & 

*  Inf.  of  the  Vicar,  the  Rev.  S.  Kelly. 

*  Inf.  of  the  Vicar,  the  Rev.  S.  Kelly,  who  informs  the  writer  that  no 
tombstone  memorials  of  any  of  the  Izacke  family  are  now  to  be  found  in  the 
Church  or  Churchyard.     The  year  of  his  death  was  unknown  to  the  author 


AND   HIS  "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETEB."  451 

His  well-known  Antiquities  of  Exeter  was  published  in 
1677,  but  it  had  been  compiled  and  presented  to  the  Civic 
authorities  eleven  or  twelve  years  before,  to  whom  it  was 
dedicated.  The  original  MS.,  to  be  described  presently,  is  in 
excellent  preservation,  and  finds  an  honoured  place  amongst 
the  Municipal  Archives  in  the  Guildhall  Muniment  Boom. 
This  presentation  serves  to  explain  the  following  statement 
of  Dr.  Oliver :  "  The  Chamber,  as  a  proof  of  their  good  will 
and  acceptance,  on  the  15th  of  September,  1666,  voted  him 
the  sum  of  £40,  with  the  promise  of  a  more  valuable  con- 
sideration, which  was  redeemed  shortly  after  by  the  donatiou 
of  £60." 

With  this  knowledge  of  the  eminently  satisfactory  per- 
formance of  his  official  work,  it  is  difficult  to  realise  the 
following  passage  relating  to  him  in  the  Diet,  of  Nat. 
Biography, 

**  His  father,  to  whom  he  had  behaved  badly,  left  him  at  his 
death  m  1681  or  1682  [Feb.  14,  1682]  a  house  in  Trmity  parish, 
Exeter,  and  leasehold  property  in  Tipton,  Ottery  St.  Mary,  on 
condition  of  his  future  good  conduct  towards  his  stepmother, 
brothers,  and  sisters."  (xxix.  84.) 

Mr.  Gorton  Goodwin,  the  author  of  the  memoir,  has  kindly 
furnished  a  copy  of  the  will  of  Samuel  Izacke,  from  which 
the  following  extracts  are  made : 

"  As  touching  my  eldest  sonne  Richard  Izacke  (being  unwilling 
to  leave  any  blemish  on  his  [sic]  for  his  disobedience  in  his  marriage 
and  otherwise)  yet  in  hope  of  his  future  demeaner  of  duty  to  my 
wife  and  love  and  friendship  to  all  my  other  children,"  be 
bequeaths  certain  property  to  him,  "  upon  this  condicon  neverthe- 
lesse  that  my  said  sonnes  Carriage  to  my  wife  and  children  be  such 
as  I  have  before  enjoyned  him  to  doe  but  in  case  he  shalbee 
litigeous  or  raise  any  suite  in  law,"  &c.  &c. 

of  the  short  memoir  of  R.  Izacke,  in  the  Diet,  of  Nat.  Biography,  aa  it  is 
assigned  to  ''1700?"  The  Rey.  F.  B.  Dickinson,  of  the  Manor  Honse, 
Ottery  St.  Mary,  has  been  good  enough  to  supply  the  foUowing  transcripts 
from  the  Baptismal  Register : 

"1682.  Aug.  8«*  Samuell,  sonne  of  D'  Samnell  Izacke. 
1684.  Aug.  9.    Abraham,  son  of  Will"™  and  Sarah  Izaaek. 
Oct.  30.    Elizabeth,  D.  of  D^  Sam"  k  Mary  Izaacke. 
1686.  25  May.    Eliz*  D.  of  D'  Sam"  Izacke  k  Mary  his  wife. 
1690.  May  17.   Marg*  D.  of  D*^  Samuel  &  M«  Mary  Izaacke. 
169Z  Oct.  15.    Judith,  the  daughter  of  Samuell  aud  Anne  Izacke. 
1696.  Nov.  iiij.  Elizabeth,  the  Daughter  of  Samuell  Izacke,  mercer,  k 

Anne  his  wife." 

The  name  is  not  uncommon  in  the  locality  at  the  present  time. 


432  RICHARD   IZACKE, 

Bead  between  the  lines,  Bichard  Izaeke  and  his  stepmother 
were  at  loggerheads. 

Samuel  Izacke,  the  son  of  Bichard,  also  a  lawyer,  was 
elected  Chamberlain  of  the  City  on  Febmary  26,  1693, 
probably  out  of  respect  to  his  father,  who  was  then  living, 
an  office  he  retained  until  1729,  his  successor  being 
appointed  on  December  16  of  that  year.  Dr.  Oliver  affirms 
that  ''after  his  father's  death,  Samuel  deviated  from  the 
example  that  was  left  him ;  he  dishonoured  himself  by  his 
breaches  of  trust  and  confidence,  and  was  justly  disfranchised 
on  the  6th  of  October,  1718."  The  following  extracts  from 
the  Act  Book  of  the  Corporation  refer  to  tlus  disfranchise- 
ment, and  indicate  its  probable  cause : 

"1718,  Oct  6.  Orderd  by  this  body  that  Mr  Samuel  Irack  be 
disfranchised  and  he  is  by  this  body  here  disfranchised. 

''Oct.  13.  Orderd  that  Mr.  Samuel  laack  do  render  an  account 
of  the  Wheelage  at  the  next  Chamber. 

"  Oct.  29.  ifr  Elston  and  Mr  Tripe  are  desired  to  call  upon 
Mr  Samuel  Isack  for  his  account  of  the  Wheelage. 

"1729,  April  12.  M'  John  PhOlips  and  M'  John  Elston  aro 
desired  to  call  upon  M**  Chamberlayn  Izack  to  send  an  account  to 
the  Chamber  of  the  dutis  of  the  \\Tieelage  by  him  reced  by  the 
next  Chamber. 

"M""  Receiver  is  desired  to  call  upon  M'  Chamberlain  late 
Collector  of  v*  Customs  Receiver  of  the  Town  duties  for  the 
account  of  the  arrears  of  the  Town  duties  in  his  time. 

"May  16.  Orderd  tliat  M'  Dewdney  the  accountant  for  the 
Tenem'  do  abate  six  pounds  out  of  the  years  rent  due  at  Christmas 
1716  on  ace.  that  M*"  Sam^  Izack  reced  15"  6»  of  him  for  that 
years  rent  without  authority  of  Chamber."* 

Reverting  to  Richard  Izacke's  MS.,  we  find  it  thus  entered 
in  the  Calendar,  so  carefully  prepared  by  Mr.  Stuart  A.  Moore, 
in  1870  :— 

"No.  53.     Press  H.H.  3. 

"  Izacke's  Memorials  of  the  City  of  Exeter. 
"A  large  folio  volume  of  paj>er,  bound  in  morocco.     This  is 
the  MS.  of  the  volume  printed  in  1724."^ 

The  title,  as  well  as  the  Dedication,  show  that  the  work 
was  originally  completed  to  the  close  of  the  year  1665. 

'  The  same  Act  Book  notices  another  member  of  the  Izacke  family : 

**  1719,  Feb.  28.     Orderd  that  M'  Eliaa  Eastway  W^  Culm  and  John  lack 
be  admitted  Attomies  of  the  Guildhall  Corts. 

'*  Mar.  8.    Orderd  that  M'  Elias  Eastway  and  M'  John  Izack  be  made  free." 

^  This  should  be  1677  ;  1724  being  the  date  of  the  second  issue  of  the 
second  edition. 


AND   HIS  "ANTIQUIHES  OF  EXETER."  453 

The  first  leaf  is  almost  entirely  occupied  by  a  highly 
emblazoned  coat  of  arms  of  the  city,  with  crest  and  motto, 
beneath  which,  and  of  small  size,  is  that  of  the  Izacke  family. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  title  on  the  second  leaf, 
totally  unlike  that  in  the  printed  volume : — 

"A  Memoryall  of  sundry  of  the  chiefest  Officers  w^'in  the 
Cittie  of  Exeter,  namely,  all  Maiors,  Recorders,  Shereeves,  Receivers, 
Chamberlaynes,  Stewards,  &  Swordbearers  thereof,  &  of  all 
occurrences  worth  observation  happening  in  each  Maiors  tyme, 
togeather  w**  A  perfecte  Catalogue  aswell  of  all  the  Byshoppes  ojf 
this  Church,  as  of  all  the  Benefactors  to  the  said  Citty,  &  also 
the  Tytles  of  the  severall  Corporations  w'^'in  the  same  in  a 
continued  series  or  succession  of  tyme  from  the  2**  yeare  of  the 
Raigne  of  Kinge  John  Anno  Dni  1200,  to  the  17*^  yeare  of  the 
Raigne  of  Kinge  Charles  the  2^  Annoq:  Dni.  1665,  And  alsoe  the 
severall  Slieriifes  of  Devon  describinge  their  Coates  of  Armory. 
The  distincte  yeares  aswell  of  o'  Lord  God,  as  of  the  respective 
Kinges  Raignes  beinge  therein  likewise  continued.  Together  w*** 
A  necessary  Table  Alphabetically  digested  of  the  Names  of  the 
persons  &  most  matcriall  matters  herein  contayned 

"  Collected  by  Richard  Izacke  Esq' 
Chamberlayne  of  the  said  Cittie." 

There  are  short  Latin  quotations  at  the  head  and  foot  of  the 
page,  as  well  as  on  the  verso  of  the  leaf.  The  latter  have  the 
following  translations  appended : — 

"  As  little  Books  their  worthy  patroDS  oft  do  find 
Soe  with  my  Book  myselfe  to  you  I  here  doe  bind." 

"  Canst  thou  read  Latine  ?  or  y*  English  Tongue  ?   then  looi: 
Read  and  discern  thou  may*8t  each  language  in  this  Book." 

Richard  Izacke  was  scarcely  destined  to  shine  as  a  po^i 
The  next  leaf  contains  the  following  dedication : —  * 

"To  the  Right  wor"  Nicholas  Isacke  Esq'*  Maior  of  thd 
Auncyent  &  famous  Cittie  of  Exeter,  the  Aldermen  his  Brethren, 
&  the  rest  of  the  Common  Councell  of  the  said  Cittie. 

'"Tis  fitt  my  obedience  should  last  as  longe  as  yo'  Comanmds,  At 
I  never  had  the  opportunity  to  present  you  w"*  anythinge  properly 
myne,  soe  neither  will  I  bee  guilty  of  soe  much  Injustice  as  to 

'  (Nicholas  Izacke  the  Mayor,  was  Richard's  brother.  He  died  in  167S, 
and  was  buried  in  the  South  Transept  of  the  Cathedral,  with  this  inscriptioB 
on  his  gravestone  : — 

**  HsBc  Viri  Admodum  prseclari  Nicholaij  Isaack  Armigeri  Cineres  necnon 
Civitatis  huius  prcefecti  quondam  pervigilis  et  Deo  Religioni  Regi  et  Patrite 
recti  fidelis  suisq  :  chari  comprehendit.     Obiit  Junii  5**  1678. 

Patri  formam  reddidi  Materiaraq  Matri/'  {Trans.  Exet,  Dioe.  Ar^.  Soe 
III.  120.) 


454  RICHARD   IZACKE, 

denye  you  that  for  truly  yo'  owne  as  is  this  fruite  of  my  slender 
endeavours,  the  same  is  really  yo",  but  most  principally  the 
publique,  whose  both  you  &  I,  &  all  that  wee  can  doe,  are,  if 
it  may  in  any  sorte  prove  serviceable  to  you,  &  you  thereby 
become  more  vsefull  to  the  publique,  I  have  my  end.  And  well 
consideringe  w^  myselfe  of  those  fayre  precedents  that  still  lye 
before  me,  chiefly,  the  indefatigable  labours  of  my  primitive 
predecessor  in  this  place  &  Office  the  learned  Mr.  John  Hooker 
(whose  workes  bespeake  him  famous  w'*'in  o'  Gates)  And  w^  all  that 
I  *ve  spent  the  greatest  parte  of  Two  Apprentyshippes  already  in 
yo*"  service,  doe  think  it  noethinge  lesse  then  an  incumbent  duty 
on  me  to  treade  in  his  steppes,  by  imitatinge  him  in  his  vertues, 
even  by  doeinge  somethinge  in  my  generation  that  may  render  my 
gratitude  to  this  place.  In  a  word,  I  Ve  here  assumed  liberty  to 
sett  downe  the  chiefest  of  yo'  Officers,  from  the  ffirst  of  them 
to  the  last,  most  of  yo'  Auncyent  Customes  intermixt  w"*  such 
remarkable  observations,  peculyar  herevnto,  as  w"*  noe  small 
labour,  I  have  collected  all  w***  w'**  myselfe  I  cast  att  yo'  Ifeet ;  I 
cannot  exempt  me  from  the  common  frailty  of  nature — possibility 
of  erringe,  on  the  least  Conviction,  I  '11  att  once  Confesse  my  over- 
sight, &  amend  it.  This  alone  remaynes  to  bee  added,  that  the 
governement  of  this  Citty  may  in  peace  &  prosperity  evermore 
flourishe,  that  Justice  may  herein  runne  as  A  Kiver,  &  Right- 
eousnes  as  A  mighty  streame,  w***  is  the  constant  prayer  of 

"yo'  most  humble  servant  and 

"  Chamberlayne 
"  Exeter  23''-  die  Richard  Izacke. 

"Januarij  1665  [6].'* 

After  a  short  "proemium,"  the  "Memorials"  or  annals  of 
the  city  commence  on  the  6th  leaf,  and  are  continued  to  the 
64th.  Then  follow  full  lists  of  mayors  and  municipal  ofl&cers, 
sheriffs  of  the  county,  catalogue  of  bishops,  of  benefactors 
to  the  city,  copies  of  charters,  &c.  The  whole  work  was 
originally  completed  to  the  year  1665-6,  and  is  in  the  same 
handwriting  throughout ;  the  catalogue  of  the  bishops  having 
one  page  emblazoned  with  arms,  those  of  the  episcopate 
impaled  with  those  of  Sparrow.  (Bishop  of  Exeter,  1667- 
1676.)  It  was  then  continued  by  successive  entries  to  the 
year  1676,  at  which  date  the  "Memorials"  terminate,  but 
a  number  of  blank  columns  was  added  to  each  list,  for  filling 
in  the  yearly  or  other  additions,  the  latest  being  1G97.  The 
MS.  contains  many  coats-of-arms,  all  fully  emblazoned. 

We  may  here  notice  an  interesting  MS.  of  folio  size,  in 
a  vellum-bound  volume,  preserved  in  the  library  of  the 
Devon  and  Exeter  Institution,  the  history  of  which  is  un- 
known.    It  contains  no  reference  to  the  name  of  the  writer. 


AND   HIS   "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETER."  455 

or  of  the  date  when  it  was  written.  The  handwriting  is 
however  contemporary  with  that  of  Izacke's  MS.,  and  the 
contents  assimilate  in  so  many  respects  to  the  latter,  as  to 
be  fairly  certain  that  the  work  of  one  was  known  to  the 
other;  the  first  leaf  in  each  MS.  being  adorned  with  an 
emblazoned  coat  of  the  City  Arms,  but  the  one  under  notice 
has  no  second  below  it,  there  being  in  lieu  of  it  an  ex- 
planation of  the  former. 

There  is  no  proper  title  page,  preface,  or  introduction, 
the  work  consisting  entirely  of  a  record  of  yearly  annals, 
commencing  on  the  second  leaf  and  extending  to  134  pages. 
The  plan  is  similar  to  that  of  Izacke  in  the  chronological 
arrangement,  including  the  succession  of  mayors,  and  is 
continuous  from  the  year  1216  to  1699.  Up  to  the  year 
1642,  the  entries  are  in  the  same  handwriting,  but  subse- 
quent to  that  date  they  present  a  marked  difference,  and 
have  evidently  been  made  annually,  and  often  in  inks  of 
various  kinds.  For  the  earlier  years,  and  in  a  great  measure 
extending  to  1642,  the  yearly  annals  are  much  more  numerous 
than  in  Izacke's  work,  but  they  are  more  general  in  character, 
and  those  relating  to  the  city  are  few  in  number.  After 
1642,  the  entries  are  mainly  local.  Some  of  the  latter  are 
identical  with  those  of  Izacke,  and  others  commence  with 
the  same  phrase,  showing  either  that  one  copied  from  the 
other,  or  that  both  derived  their  information  from  the  same 
source.  Many  of  them  show  considerable  variations  and 
additions,  and  some  are  not  recorded  by  Izacke  either  in 
his  MS.  or  in  his  printed  volume;  of  these  the  following 
are  examples : 

"  1 259.  The  good  Walter  Gervis  dyed  this  yeare  and  was  buryed 
in  the  Chappie  vppon  Exbridge,  of  which  hee  had  bin  a  principall 
founder.     The  Chappie  is  nowe  called  St  Edmonds  Church. 

"1535.  In  this  mans  yeare  [William  Hurst,  Mayor]  in  Sumer 
1536  was  the  Priorie  of  St  Isicholas  suppressed  in  this  Cittie, 
which  was  att  the  first  withstoode  by  certain  woemen. 

"  1653.  The  Cytie  bought  the  flee  of  the  Treasurers  Howse  in 
Peters  churchyeard,  new  repaired  it,  &  made  it  a  comon  work- 
house for  vagrant  beggars  &  idle  persons. 

"1657.  The  Cloysters  neer  to  Peters  churche  was  converted  into 
the  Serdge  markett,  which  was  before  in  Southgate  street. 

"  1659.  In  this  yeare  the  Librarie  in  East  Peters  was  set  vp  in 
the  place  w***  was  formerly  the  Ladie  Chappie.  Also  the  new 
come  market  was  builded. 

"1660.  The  wall  which  divided  East  &  West  Peters  was 
taken  downe  in  Decemb'  and  in  the  month  following  the  serdg 


456  BICHARD  IZACKB, 

market  was  removed  out  of  the  Cloystures,  and  carried  againe 
into  Southgate  street  whear  it  was  before.  Also  the  vniting  of 
severall  parishes  into  one  was  againe  made  void  &  each  parrish 
to  eiyoy  her  owne  priviledges  and  lyberties  as  before." 

We  now  come  to  B  Izacke's  printed  volume  published  in 
1677,  with  this  Title  : 

1.  [1677]  "Antiquities  of  the  City  of  Exeter,  Collected  by 
Bichard  Izacke,  Esquire,  Chamberlain  thereof  [Quot  from  Martial, 
with  English  translation] 

"Imprimatur  G.  Jane  October  20.  1676. 

"London,  Printed  by  E.  Tyler,  and  B.  Holt,  for  Bichard 
Marriott;  sold  by  George  Marriott,  at  his  Shop  at  the  Sign  of 
the  Temple  by  the  Inner-Temple  Gate,  Fleet-street.     1677." 

Sm.  8vo.  Engraved  frontispiece  (no  engraver's  name), 
representing  City  arms  above,  and  those  of  Izacke  below, 
the  latter  relatively  much  larger  than  in  the  MS.  Title, 
1  leaf.  Dedication,  2  leaves.  "To  the  Bight  Worshipful 
the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Common  Council  of  the  Ancient 
and  Honourable  City  of  Exeter,"  and  signed  "  Bichard 
Izacke.  September  30.  1676;"  is  much  longer  than  that 
pf  the  MS.  Folded  engraving  (no  engraver's  name),  "A 
Mapp  of  the  City  of  Exeter,"  giving  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the 
city  and  suburbs,  with  reference  numbers  to  the  various 
buildings.  Is  a  reduced  copy  of  Braun's  map  (from  his 
Civitates  Orbis  Terr  arum)  circ.  1570,  with  the  arms  of  John 
Hooker  omitted.  Proemium  1-25,  very  much  longer  than 
that  of  the  MS. 

Catalogue  of  Bishops,  with  Woodcuts  of  Arms  in  text, 
the  last  name  being  that  of  Bp.  Sparrow,  26-49.  Lists  of 
Becorders  and  all  City  Officers,  except  Mayors  (whose  names 
with  those  of  the  Bailiffs  are  given  yearly  in  the  "  Memorials" 
— aad  the  former  in  a  separate  list  in  the  Index),  60-67. 
City  Companies,  with  woodcuts  of  arms  in  text,  57-63. 
"  Persons  dying  in  the  time  of  their  respective  Mayoralties," 
64  "Memorials"  (to  1676)  1-180,  with  five  Woodcuts  of 
Arms  in  text.  (The  headlines  throughout  the  work, 
"  Memorials  of  the  City  of  Exeter ").  Catalogue  of  Bene- 
factors, &c.,  preceded  by  a  short  discourse  on  Charity, 
181-191. 

"  A  Table  or  Index."  Alphabetical,  under  separate  lists  of 
mayors  and  officers  15  leaves,  and  of  general  matters  7 
leaves — the  latter  much  fuller  in  the  MS.  Catalogue  of  the 
Sheriffs  of  the  County,  9  leaves.  The  lists,  &c.,  do  not 
occupy  the  corresponding  positions  in  the  MS. 


AND   HIS  "ANTIQUITIES   OF  EXETER."  457 

Compared  with  the  MS.,  the  printed  "  Memorials  "  present 
many  points  of  dissimilarity,  irrespective  of  the  phraseology 
being  frequently  different. 

1.  The  whole  of  the  entries  in  the  MS.  are  not  to  b© 
found  in  the  printed  volume,  e,g, : 

"1392.  A  graunte  made  by  the  Maior  &  Comynalty  vnto 
the  Archdeacon  of  Totnes  of  a  Tower  vppon  the  Walles  of  the 
said  Citty. 

"1669.  Peter  H«^edot  This  Maior  procured  Three  Couple  of 
Swanns,  and  placed  them  on  y*  River  of  Exe. 

"  The  little  Conduyt  in  y*  high  street  of  this  City  was  beautifyed, 
&  sundry  Benefactors  Coates  of  Armory  blazoned  on  several  shields 
surroundinge  y*  topp  thereof. 

"  The  Right  Hon^"''  John  Earle  of  Bath  lord  lieutenant  of  this 
City  &  County  came  hither  vppon  fifriday  in  the  eveninge 
beinge  the  second  day  of  September,  who  was  received  by  all  y* 
Trayned  bands  hereof.  And  went  home  y*  Tuesday  followinge, 
duringe  his  short  aboad  in  this  City,  Mr.  Maior  one  day  at 
Dinner  very  honourably  treated  him  att  his  Table." 

2.  Some  entries  in  the  printed  copy  are  not  in  the  MS., 
e.g,,  the  paragraph  relative  to  William  I.  on  p.  1  of  the 
printed  "  Memorials  "  and  the  next  one  to  it,  are  additions. 
Again,  under  1372,  there  is  a  long  paragraph  in  the  printed 
version,  but  none  in  the  MS. 

3.  The  dates  of  occurrences  vary — in  the  MS.  "1239. 
This  maior  [Walter  Gervis]  built  Exe  bridge  where  was 
formerly  vsed  a  ferry."  In  the  printed  copy  this  appears 
under  the  year  1250,  and  the  account  is  considerably 
extended.     Other  points  of  difference  might  be  noted. 

Ih,  [1681].  "Remarkable  Antiquities  of  the  City  of  Exeter. 
Giving  an  Account  of  the  Laws  and  Customs  of  the  Place,  the 
Officers,  Court  of  Judicature,  Gates,  Walls,  Rivers,  Churches 
and  Priviledges.  Together,  With  a  Catalogue  of  all  the  Bishops, 
Mayors,  Sheriffs,  from  the  year  1049,  to  1677.  Collected  by 
Richard  Izacke,  Esquire ;  Chamberlain  thereof. 

"London,  Printed  for  Rowland  Reynolds,  next  to  the  Middle 
Exchange,  in  the  Strand,  1681." 

This  is  simply  the  original  edition  with  a  new  title  page.® 
After   the   lapse   of    rather   more    than    forty  years    an 
advertisement,  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy  (printed 
in  full  owing  to  its  local  interest),  appeared  in  The  Past- 

•  In  his  Bihl.  Devon  (22)  Mr.  Davidson  gives  the  title  of  the  re-issue  of 
1681  as  that  of  the  original  edition  of  1677.  This  he  corrected  in  the 
Supplement  (6). 

VOL.   XXV.  2   G 


458  RICHARD  IZACKC, 

mcLster,  or  the  Loyal  Mercury,  of  Friday,  June  22nd,  1722, 
the  first  newspaper  established  by  Andrew  Brica 

"  Proposals  for  Printing  by  Subscription. 

The  Antiquities  and  Memorials  of  the  City  of  Exeter ;  originally 
collected  by  Richard  IzackCy  Esq ;  heretofore  Chamberlain  thereof ; 
and  now  Improv'd,  and  Continued  home  to  this  present  Time, 
by  Samuel  Jzacke,  the  present  Chamberlain  of  the  same :  Compre- 
hending a  full  yet  succinct  Account  of  the  Antient  and  Modem 
State  thereof.  More  particularly  containing,  A  compleat 
Description  of  the  said  City,  with  respect  to  its  Scituation  and 
Divisions;  its  Chief  and  Publick  Buildings;  Natural  and 
Artificial  Curiosities  and  Rarities;  Political  Constitutions  and 
Government  Ecclesiastical  and  Civil ;  the  antient  and  present 
Laws,  Uses,  Customs,  &c.,  of  its  several  Courts,  Markets,  and 
Fairs;  a  perfect  Catalogue  of  its  Chief  Officers,  methodically 
set  down,  in  an  uninterrupted  Succession,  from  First  to  Last; 
a  compleat  List  of  all  the  Bishops  of  this  Diocese,  the  Counties 
wherein  they  were  born,  the  particular  Days  of  their  Instalment 
or  Consecration,  Continuance  of  Government,  the  Time  of  their 
several  Deceases,  and  Place  of  their  respective  Burials;  the 
Titles,  Privileges,  &c.,  of  the  several  Corporations,  and  their 
distinct  Coats  of  Armoury  displayed :  With  Historical  Observations 
from  its  Original  Foundation  (the  same  being  Eleven  Hundred 
Tears  and  upwards  before  our  Saviour's  Incarnation^  and  even 
before  London  ifself)^  particularly  of  the  most  Memorable 
Accidents,  Sieges,  Wars,  Tumults,  Fires,  Epidemical  Diseases, 
&c.  All  carefully  digested  according  to  the  exactest  Rules  of 
Chronology.  The  whole  being  very  Instructive  and  Diverting, 
and  more  especially  proper  to  be  had  by  every  Free-man  and 
Inhabitant  of  the  said  City. 

The  Proposals  are,  viz. 

I.  That  this  work  be  printed  on  very  good  Demi  Paper, 
in  Octavo,  in  a  fine  new  Character,  and  with  all  proper  Ornaments, 
Together  with  a  new  and  exact  Prospect  of  the  City,  Cathedral, 
Guildhall,  Work-house,  and  other  remarkable  Publick  Buildings ; 
as  also  the  Coats  of  Armoury  of  the  present  and  preceeding 
Bishops,  and  likewise  those  of  the  several  Corporations,  each 
distinctly  displayed  and  blazon'd ;  all  finely  Engraved  or  Cut. 

II.  The  price  to  Subscribers  will  be  5s.  whereof  one  Moiety  to 
be  paid  down,  and  the  Remainder  on  Delivery  of  a  perfect  Book 
in  Sheets. 

III.  Those  who  subscribe  for  6  Books  shall  have  a  Seventh 
gratis  ;  which  will  reduce  the  Price  to  about  4s.  3d. 

IV.  A  List  of  the  Subscribers  Names  shall  be  printed  before 
the  Work. 

Subscriptions  are  taken  by  Edward  Score,  Philip  Yeo,  John 


AND   HIS   "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETER."  459 

March,  Nath.  Thorn,  Booksellers,  and  Andrew  Brice,  Printer, 
in  Exon ;  by  W.  Taylor,  at  the  Ship  in  Pater-noster-row,  London ; 
by  Joseph  Penn,  Bookseller,  in  Bristol ;  by  W.  Norris,  Bookseller, 
in  Taunton ;  by  Richard  Legassicke,  Bookseller,  in  Totnes ;  and 
the  other  Booksellers  in  Devon,  Cornwall,  Somerset,  and  Dorset. 

Those  who  are  willing  to  encourge  this  useful  Work  are  desired 
to  send  in  their  Subscriptions,  at  fartherst,  by  Lammas  next 
ensuing ;  when  all  convenient  Expedition  will  be  used  in  Printing 
the  same  ;  but  a  few  more  than  subscribed  for  being  designed  to 
be  done. 

N.B. — Such  as  are  Curious  may  have  theirs  printed  on  Royal 
Paper,  only  paying  the  Difference  of  the  Cost." 

The  new  edition  was  published  in  the  following  year  with 
this  title : 

le,  [1723].  "Remarkable  Antiquities  of  the  City  of  Exeter. 
Giving  an  Account  of  the  Laws  and  Customs  of  the  Place,  the 
Offices,  Court  of  Judicature,  Gates,  Walls,  Rivers,  Churches,  and 
Immunities :  The  Titles  and  Privileges  of  the  several  Licorpora- 
tions;  with  their  distinct  Coats  of  Arms  Engraved  on  Copper 
Plates.  Together  with  A  Catologue  of  all  the  Bishops,  Mayors 
and  Sheriffs,  from  the  Year  1049.  Originally  collected  by  Richard 
Izacke,  Esq. ;  heretofore  Chamberlain  thereof ;  and  now  improved 
and  continued  to  the  year  1722,  by  Samuel  Izacke,  Esq. ;  the 
present  Chamberlain.  To  which  is  now  added,  A  correct  Map  of 
the  said  City,  together  with  the  Guildhall  and  Conduit. 

London :  Printed  for  Edward  Score,  John  March,  and  Nathaniel 
Thome,  Booksellers  in  Exon ;  and  Samuel  Birt,  in  Ave-mary  Lane, 
London,  MDCCXXIIL'' 

The  following  are  the  titles  of  all  the  subsequent  issues, 
the  dififerences  only  between  them  and  that  of  1723  being 
noted  : 

Id.  [1724]-  "  Remarkable  Antiquities  .  .  .  several  Corporations, 
and  their  distinct  Coats  of  Arms  finely  engraven  on  Copper-plates. 
With  a  Catalogue  .  .  .  from  the  year  1049  to  1677  .  .  .  The 
second  Edition,  now  very  much  Enlarged,  and  Continued,  to  the 
year  1723*  ...  To  which  is  also  added  a  New  and  Correct  Map 
of  the  said  City,  with  a  prospect  of  the  Cathedral,  curiously 
engraven  on  Copper-plates ;  and  the  Freemans  Oath,  both  Honorary 
and  Common. 

London :  Printed  for  Etlw.  Score  and  John  March,  Booksellers 
in  Exon,  and  Samuel  Birt  in  Ave-Marie-lane,  London,  1724." 

le.  [1731].  "Remarkable  Antiquities  .  .  .  continued  to  the 
year  1724  ..  .  The  Third  Edition. 

London :  Printed  for  the  Author,  MDCCXXXL" 

2  o  2 


460  RICHARD  IZACKE, 

1/.  [1734],  "Remarkable  Antiquities  .  .  .  several  Corpora- 
tions, and  their  distinct  Coats  of  Arms  finely  engraven  on  Copper- 
?lates:  With  a  Catalogue  .  .  .  from  the  year  1049  to  1677  .  .  . 
'he  third  Edition,  now  very  much  Enlarged  and  Continued  to  the 
year  1724  .  .  .  To  which  is  also  Added  a  New  and  Correct  Map 
of  the  said  City,  with  a  Prospect  of  the  Cathedral,  curiously 
engraven  on  Copper-plates:  and  the  Freeman's  Oath, both  Honorary 
and  Common. 

London :  Printed  for  the  Author,  1734." 

Ig,  [1741].  "Remarkable  Antiquities.  .  .  .  The  Second 
Edition  very  much  enlarged  and  continued  to  the  year  1723 
[remainder  as  issue  of  1724.] 

London :  Printed  for  Richard  Lsacke,  Gent  Son  of  the  Author, 
1741."! 

l?L  [1757J.  "  Remarkable  Antiquities  .  .  .  several  Corporations, 
and  their  distinct  Coats  of  Arms  finely  engraven  on  Copper-plates : 
With  a  Catalogue  .  .  .  from  the  Year  1049  to  1677.  .  .  .  The 
Second  Edition,  Now  very  much  Enlarged  and  Continued  to  the 
year  1723.  To  which  is  also  added,  A  New  and  Correct  Map  of 
the  said  City,  with  a  Prospect  of  the  Cathedral,  curiously  engraven 
on  Copper-plates :  And  the  Freeman's  Oath,  both  Honorary  and 
Common. 

London :  Printed  in  the  Year  MDCCLVII." 

This  issue  was  unknown  to  Davidson.* 

The  volume  published  in  1723  is  really  what  it  pretends 
to  be,  a  new  edition,  but  all  the  remainder  are  simply  re- 
issues of  it  with  new  title-pages.  There  is  not  the  slightest 
difference  in  the  text,^  notwithstanding  the  statement  on 
all  the  title  pages  subsequent  to  the  issue  of  1723,  of  the 
text  having  been  extended  in  some  to  the  year  1723,  and  in 
others  to  1724. 

Sm.  8vo.  Title,  1  leaf.  Dedication,  2  leaves.  "To  the 
most  Illustrious  and  Highborn  George  Augustus  Prince  of 
Great  Britain,"  &c.,  Lord  High  Steward  of  Exeter;  and 
signed  *'  Samuel  Izacke : "  is  entirely  different  to  that  of  the 
previous  edition.     Proemium,  1-25  (no  change).     Catalogue 

^  Of  two  copies  that  were  examined  bearing  the  title  page  ofl741,  one  waa 
of  the  original  edition  of  1677,  the  other  of  1723. 

'  The  writer  is  indebted  to  Messrs.  Jarvis  and  Son,  Booksellera,  London, 
for  the  loan  of  the  issue  of  1757  ;  and  to  Mr.  J.  G.  Comroin,  Bookseller, 
Exeter,  for  those  [two]  of  1741. 

*  Except  that  in  the  writer's  copy  of  the  issue  of  1731,  the  arms  of  Bishops 
Trelawny  and  Blackall  appear  also  in  error  in  the  previous  page,  for  those  of 
Bishops  Sparrow  and  Lamplugh  ;  the  error  waa  probably  con6ned  to  a  few  of 
the  copies  that  were  struck  off  before  rectification,  and  without  being  peculiar 
to  any  particular  issue. 


AND   HIS   "ANTIQUITIES   OF   EXBTER."  461 

of  Bishop?,  14  leaves,  extended  to  Bishop  "  Blackborn,"  with 
engraved  Coats  of  Arms  in  text.  List  of  Civic  OflBcers 
(Mayors  excepted),  50-58.  Freeman's  Oath,  two  forms,  58-63 
(additional).  City  Companies,  with  engraved  Coats  of  Arms 
in  text,  62-68.  Persons  dying  in  the  time  of  their  respective 
Mayoralties,  69.  "  Memorials  "  1-202,  extended  to  the  year 
1722,  with  five  engraved  Coats  of  Arms  in  the  text.  Catalogue 
of  Benefactors,  with  Introductory  Discourse,  203-213. 
Indices,  23  leaves.  Catalogue  of  Sheriffs  of  the  County,  10 
leaves. 

All  the  copies  of  the  various  issues  examined  by  the  writer, 
contained  the  following  engravings.  (1)  A  frontispiece  ;*  (2) 
a  plan  of  the  City ;  (3)  a  view  of  the  Cathedral,  north  side ; 
and  no  other. 

1.  Frontispiece.  That  of  1731  is  from  the  original  plate 
engraved  for  the  first  edition.  All  the  rest  are  from  a  newly 
engraved  plate,  9^  facsimile  of  the  first,  and  inscribed,  ''Sutton 
Nicholls,  sculp." 

2.  Ground  plan.  A  folding  plate,  inscribed, "  A  True  Plan 
of  the  City  of  Excester.  Drawn  and  Ingraven  by  Sutton 
Nicholls." 

3.  View  of  Cathedral.  A  folding  plate,  lettered, "  J.  Harris 
feciC 

According  to  the  title  pages  of  the  issues  of  1723  and  1731, 
the  copies  of  those  dates  should  contain  engravings  of  the 
Guildhall  and  the  Conduit,  but  they  are  uniformly  absent 
There  is  no  clue  to  that  of  the  former,  but  there  is  to  the 
latter ;  and  it  may  be  remarked  that  none  of  the  views,  the 
Cathedral  excepted,  promised  in  the  prospectus  were  furnished 
to  the  work. 

The  plate  of  the  Conduit  has  a  curious  history  attached  to 
it.  Dr.  Eichard  Eawlinson,  an  eminent  antiquary,  and  one 
of  the  liberal  benefactors  to  the  Bodleian  Library,^  was  the 
anonymous  author  of  The  English  Topographer  (1720), 
"  written  by  an  Impartial  Hand."  In  it  he  thus  alludes  to  a 
copy  of  Izacke's  work,  edition  of  1681 :  "In  the  Library  of 
Mr.  Rawlinson  is  the  Author's  own  Copy  of  this  Book,  with 
Additions  by  his  Son.  and  the  Figure  of  a  Conduit,  mentioned 
in  pag.  85  of  his  Work,  which  being  in  very  few,  if  any  other 
Copies,  a  Copy  was  taken  from  it,  and  inserted  in  pag.  10  of 
Mr.  Risdon's  Introduction  to  his  Survey  of  Devon,  in  the 
first  Volume."  (38,  9.)     E.  Gough®  takes  this  to  mean  that 

^  Absent  from  one  of  the  copies  of  the  1741  issue. 

•  Rev.  W.  D.  Macray,  Annals  of  the  BodL  Lib.  (1890),  231,  etseq, 

•  BrU,  Topography  (1780),  L  306. 


462  RICHARD   IZACKE, 

the  plate  "  was  re-engraved "  for  Risdon's  work,  but  this  is 
very  doubtfiiL  In  his  notice  of  Risdon's  Survey,  Davidson 
{Op.  eU,  2)  states  that  "  some  copies  have  the  Exeter  Conduit 
as  a  Frontispiece";  but  its  customary  position  is  between 
pages  10  and. 11  of  the  first  volume  of  that  work  (1714),  and 
on  the  plate  "Pag.  11"  appears  in  the  upper  right  hand 
comer.  The  engraving  is  a  very  good  one,  and  is  lettered. 
*Temp.  Edw.  IV.,  1461.  The  Conduit  at  Carfoix  (commonly 
called  the  Great  Conduit)  was  new  builded  by  means  of 
William  Duke  (late  Mayor  of  this  City)  who  being  well 
affected  towards  the  same,  did  not  only  oversee  the  Work,  but 
at  his  own  Charges  covered  it  with  Lead."  This  is  simply  a 
verbatim  extract  from  Izacke's  work  (p.  85  of  both  editions) ; 
Bisdon's  account  is  a  different  one,  and  the  place  is  spelt 
"Carfax."  The  Survey  of  the  latter  contains  no  other 
illustration,  excepting  the  plate  of  Arms  of  the  Spicer  family 
in  the  Appendix.  Probably  Kichard  Izacke  or  his  son  had 
the  engraving  made  for  another  edition  of  the  Antiquities; 
but  although  this  appeared  in  1723,  and  the  Conduit  is  noted 
in  the  title  page  as  the  subject  of  one  of  the  illustrations,  it 
was  not  included  in  the  work,  the  plate  having  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Curll,  the  publisher  of  Risdon's  Survey,  who 
utilised  it  in  the  latter.  It  is  not  easy  to  determine  why  the 
issues  of  1724, 1741,  and  1757,  should  be  termed  the  **  second 
edition"  and  those  of  1731  and  1734  the  "third."  Large 
paper  copies  are  rarely  met  with  :  Davidson  {Op,  cit  23) 
recordset"  the  1734  issue  "some  ou  large  paper";  and  the 
writer  has  had  the  opportunity  of  examining  one  of  1723,  in 
the  possession  of  the  Rev.  W.  Hope,  Rector  of  All  Hallows, 
Exeter.  Copies  are  to  be  met  with  containing  MS.  notes  and 
corrections  in  the  same  handwriting,  the  possessor  of  each 
deeming  it  to  be  the  author's  original  one,^  but  Mr.  Worth 
has  pointed  out  that  most  probably  the  author  corrected  a 
number  of  copies  by  hand,  instead  of  printing  a  list  of 
errata^  &c. 

The  second  work  associated  with  Richard  Izacke's  name  is 
the  following : 

2.  "  An  Alphabetical  Register  of  divers  Persons,  who,  by  their 
Last  Wills,  Grants,  Feoffments,  and  other  Deeds,  have  given 
Tenements,  Rents,  Annuities,  and.  Monies,  towards  the  Relief  of 
the  Poor  of  the  County  of  Devon,  and  City  and  County  of  Exon ; 
and  likewise  to  many  other  Cities  and  Towns  in  England,     By 

'   Western  Antiqiuiry,  i.    32,    39,   records  four  examples.     That  of   Dr. 
RawlinsoD,  already  noted,  was  probably  another. 


TempEnw.W.jy^.JX^  Caswri  atCar., 

{lait'i/igyac  of  Ait  Ci!^)it^ho  btinq  ri'eU- 
jM/'Cul tDo/anii  ikt  ionu,  didiwt  oni^ 
orer/ee  AtJfor4:.  but  tukii  onmOuasf^ 
Cffjvr-edit  It/lift  Z  etui . 


AND   HIS   "ANTIQUITIES  OP  EXETER."  463 

Richard  Izacke,  Esq. ;  Heretofore  of  the  Inner-Temple,  and  Clerk 
of  the  Peace  for  the  City  and  County  of  Exeter.  Faithfully 
printed  from  his  Original  Manuscript ;  Digested  from  the  Records 
deposited  in  the  Council-Chamber  of  Exeter.  Interspersed  with  . 
proper  Remarks,  detecting  the  Misapplication  of  the  said  Charities, 
and  an  Attempt  to  restore  them  to  the  Uses  for  which  they  were 
given  by  the  respective  Benefactors,  as  well  as  doing  Justice  to 
their  Descendants.  By  Samuel  Izacke,  Gent.,  Grandson  of  the 
Author. 

London  :  Printed  in  the  Year  MDCCXXXVL" 

In  8vo.  Title,  1  leaf.  Dedication,  1  leaf — a  very  short  one, 
*'To  the  Reverend  Dr.  John  Conybeare,  Dean  of  Christ 
Church,"  a  native  of  Devon.    Work,  1-172.    Index,  1  leat 

2b,  "  Rights  and  Priviledges  of  the  Freemen  of  Exeter.  With 
an  Account  of  all  Legacies  left  to  the  Poor  of  the  said  City,  from 
the  Year  1164  to  1674,  inclusive.  Containing  an  Alphabetical 
List  of  the  Persons  Names  by  whom  such  Legacies  were  left ;  as 
also  the  Sums  left  by  each  of  them,  and  in  what  Manner  they 
were  order'd  to  be  applied  by  the  Donors :  Being  in  the  whole, 
1 32.  Interspersed  with  proper  Remarks,  detecting  a  Misapplica- 
tion of  the  said  Charities,  and  an  Attempt  to  restore  them  to  the 
Uses  to  which  they  were  given  by  the  respective  Benefactors. 

London  :  Printed  in  the  Year  1736.     Re-printed  in  [1751]." 

12mo.  Title,  1  leaf.  Dedication,  1  leaf,  "To  the  Freemen 
of  the  City  of  Exeter,"  signed  "  The  Editor."  Work,  1-183. 
A  woodcut  of  City  Arms  on  dorso  of  last  leaf.    No  index. 

2c.  "  Another  edition.    London,  1757."   (Davidson,  0^^.  ci/.  25.) 

2d.  "  Rights  and  Priviledges  of  the  Freemen  of  Exeter ;  Being 
an  Account  .  .  .  [as  26.]  .  .  .  and  the  uses  which  ...  in  the 
whole,  132.  First  printed  in  the  year  1736,  by  Samuel 
Izacke,  Esqr.  Gent,  from  the  Manuscript  of  his  Grandfather, 
Ricliard  Izacke,  Yjsqr.  Clerk  of  the  Peace  for  the  City  and  County 
of  Exeter  ;  Interspersed  with  proper  Remarks  detecting  the  Mis- 
application of  some  of  the  Charities.  To  which  is  now  added  a 
copious  Index,  Pointing  out  the  situation  of  the  Lands,  the 
Amount  of  Monies,  Annuities,  &c.,  given  to  each  charity  res- 
pectively arranged  chronologically. 

Exeter,  Reprinted  by  T.  Brice,  at  the  Conduit.     1785." 

sm.  8vo.    Title,  1  leaf.    Advertisement,  1  leaf.    Work,  1-72. 
Index,  73-80. 

The  'Advertisement'  commences,  "The  late  victorious 
struggle  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Exeter,  united  under  the  title 
of  The  Ca^istitiUional  Society,  for  Redress  of  Grievances  and 


464  RICHARD  IZACKE, 

for  a  Reform  in  the  System  of  Poor-Laws,  gave  birth  to  this 
republication,  &c."     Is  not  a  correct,  reprint  of  Izacke's  work, 
there   being   many   sentences   of   importance   omitted,  and 
*  portions  abbreviated. 

2e,  "  An  Account  of  the  Legacies  left  to  the  Poor  of  the  City 
of  Exeter,  from  the  year  1164  to  1674,  inclusive;  First  printed  in 
the  year  1736,  by  Samuel  Izacke,  Gent.  With  remarks,  detecting 
the  Misapplication  of  some  of  the  Charities.  Reprinted  in  the 
year  1751,  under  the  title  of  The  Rights  and  Privileges  of  the- 
Freemen  of  Exeter ;  and  again  in  the  year  1785,  by  T.  Brice, 
With  an  Index,  pointing  out  the  Situation  of  the  Lands  given  to 
each  Charity.  Now  re-published,  with  Additional  Remarks  and 
the  original  Title  Page  and  Dedication,  to  which  is  added  an 
Appendix  containing  an  Account  of  several  charitable  Donations 
not  noticed  by  Izacke,  or  given  since  the  year  1674.  By  William 
Carwithen,  a.m..  Rector  of  St.  Mary  Steps,  Exeter. 

"  Exeter,  Prmted  and  sold  by  S.  Hedgeland.    1820." 

sm.  8vo.  Title,  1  leaf.  Copy  of  original  Title  and  Dedication, 
1  leaf.  Work,  1-104  Appendix,  105-138.  Income  of  St 
John's  Hospital  and  Rents  of  Manor  of  Awliscombe,  1  leaf. 
Indices,  141-152. 

The  following  transcript  of  an  entry  in  the  Catalogue  of 
the  Exeter  Archives  must  be  noted  here : — 

**No.  54.  H.  H.  3.  Richard  Crossing's  History  of  Exeter^ 
A.D.  1681.  A  long  folio  volunie  bound  in  calf.  It  contains 
principally  the  History  of  Charitable  Benefactions  to  the  City 
and  appears  to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Izacke's  History.  Whether 
it  contains  any  information  not  to  be  found  in  Hoker  or  Izacke 
has  not  been  ascertained." 

A  comparison  of  this  second  work  of  Izacke  with  his  list 
of  Benefactors  in  his  Antiquities  shews  the  latter  to  contain 
but  a  small  portion  of  the  entries,  and  the  notices  to  be 
much  abbreviated.  When  however  it  is  collated  with  the 
same  Author's  MS.  of  the  latter  work  it  is  found  to  be 
almost  a  direct  transcript,  there  being  only  two  noticeable 
differences.  1st,  that  the  number  of  Benefactors  is  132  in 
the  printed  work ;  131  in  the  MS. — one  being  added  since 
the  latter  was  completed.  2ndly,  in  the  names  being 
arranged  alphabetically. 

In  addition  to  the  breach  of  trust  committed  by  Richard 
Izacke's  son  Samuel,  which  evidently  led  to  his  disfranchise- 
ment. Dr.  Oliver  states  "  with  sedulous  care  he  had  availed 
himself  of  the  facilities  afforded  him  by  his  office,  to  collect 
from  his  father's  MSS.  digested  for  the  use  of  the  Corpora- 
tion, and  from  the  other  records  deposited  in  the  Council 


AND   HIS   "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETER."  465 

Chamber,  Tlie  Alphabetical  Register  of  Benefactors  to  the  Poor, 
The  work  is  held  up  in  terrorem  to  his  employers,  and  was 
finally  published  by  his  son  Samuel  in  1736.  A  betrayer  of 
professional  confidence  must  ever  be  regarded  with  surprise 
and  horror."  It  is  somewhat  difficult  to  understand  why  Dr. 
Oliver  animadverted  so  strongly  upon  Samuel  Izacke's  conduct 
with  respect  to  the  publication  of  the  list  of  Benefactors.  As 
Chamberlain,  the  latter  had  the  custody  of  all  the  Municipal 
Kecords,  including  his  father's  MS.  work,  of  the  contents  of 
which  he  must  have  had  full  knowledge.  How  such  a  list, 
whether  by  reference  to  the  MS.,  or  to  a  Copy,  could  have 
been  held  up  "  in  terrorem  to  his  employers  "  it  is  difficult 
to  conceive.  If  the  Members  of  the  Corporation  had  betrayed 
their  trust,  and  misappropriated  the  Charities  the  sooner 
such  was  known  the  better;  but  if  they  had  not  done  so, 
they  had  nothing  to  fear.  We  have  no  information  as  to 
whether  he  transcribed  the  list,  with  or  without  the  sanction 
of  the  Chamber ;  most  probably  the  latter.  If  by  so  doing 
he  did  wrong,  it  presents  a  striking  contrast  with  the 
practice  at  the  present  day.  Dr.  Oliver  does  not  appear  to 
have  known  that  the  list  of  Benefactors  contained  in  the 
volume  printed  in  1736  was  wholly  derived  from  the  MS.  of 
*  Sichard  Isacke ;  and  other  circumstances  appear  to  indicate 
that  he  could  not  have  examined  the  latter.  We  are  unaware 
as  to  the  year  when  Samuel  Izacke  died,  but  as  the  successor 
to  his  office  was  appointed  in  1729,  it  is  reasonable  to  believe 
the  former  died  in  that  year ;  but  the  publication  of  the  list  of 
benefactors  did  not  take  place  until  seven  years  afterwards 
(1736). 

Before  proceeding  to  make  a  few  closing  remarks  on 
Izacke's  labors,  some  allusion  should  be  made  to  the  follow- 
ing :  In  1799,  W.  Holmes  issued  the  prospectus  of  a  work  in 
three  parts,  the  third  being  entitled  "  Holmes  on  the  police 
of  Exeter  specially,  ancient  and  modern  as  an  accompaniment 
to  Izacke*s  Memorials  of  the  city."  The  first  part,  "by 
William  Holmes,  Esq.,  a  Deaf  Freeman  of  Exeter,"®  was 
published  by  T.  Brice  in  the  following  year.  A  notice  of  it 
appeared  in  the  European  Mag,  XXXVII.  (1500)  383,  and 
its  character  may  be  gleaned  from  the  following  extract : — 

"He  is  dissatisfied  with  the  conduct  of  the  Corporation  of 
Exeter  on  many  accounts,  and  seems  inclined  to  be  more  prying 
into  the  management  of  their  affairs,  than  the  said  Corporation 

"  A  copy  of  the  prospectus,  and  of  the  title  of  the  work  (both  in  the 
British  Museum),  will  be  found  in  ''  Devon  Booksellers  and  Printers,"  by 
the  Rev.  J.  Ingle  Dredge,  in  Western  Antiquary,  x.  128. 


466  RICHARD   IZAGKE, 

may  probably  approve  of.     The  whole  is  local,  and  will  afford 
little  satisfaction  beyond  the  city  of  Exeter." 

To  the  same  author,  Lowndes  (Bibliog.  Mantuil,  i.  770) 
attributes  A  Translation  of  a  Charter,  granted  to  the  Inhabi- 
tant of  the  City  of  Exeter,  by  King  Charles  the  First,  etc., 
published  in  1785  under  the  nom  de  plume  of  **  A  Citizen  of 
Exeter."  But  in  a  copy  of  the  same  work  in  the  possession 
of  the  writer,  "by  Nicholas  Brooke,  of  Exeter,"  has  been 
substituted  for  the  latter — possibly  this  may  be  a  pseudonym. 
W.  Holmes  was  also  the  author  of  an  Address  "  to  the 
Electors  of  Bepresentatives  to  serve  in  Parliament  for  the 
City  and  County  of  Exeter"  (Davidson,  BibL  Bev,  28). 

The  general  opinion  of  those  competent  to  form  an  opinion 
upon  Izacke's  literary  labours,  is  an  unfavourable  one  from 
two  distinct  points  of  view.  1.  His  unacknowledged  tran- 
scripts from  Hooker's  MSS.  2.  His  own  errors.  Of  the  first- 
named,  Mr.  Stuart  A.  Moore  in  his  MS.  Catalogue  of  the  City 
Records,  states  that  "  The  information  in  Izacke's  ArUiquities, 
is  almost  entirely  copied  from  Hoker*s  Ann^tls,  but  very  many 
of  the  most  interesting  portions  of  Hoker's  MS.  are  omitted. ' 
Freeman  (Exeter,  vi.  154-5)  bears  similar  testimony :  "  Hoker 
wrote  from  the  old  records.  From  him  the  elder  Izacke 
pilfered  unblushingly/'  and  again  "Richard  Izacke.  who  so 
largely  copied  Hoker  without  acknowledgement."  Dr.  Oliver 
also ;  "  Memorials  of  Exeter  (improperly  described  in  the 
title-page  as  being  originally  collected  by  Richard  Izacke, 
when  nearly  all  that  is  valuable  in  them  is  borrowed  from 
the  MS.  history  of  John  Hoker)."  (Hist,  of  Exeter  (1861)  227.) 

Of  the  second,  Wood  thus  affirms  of  the  Antiquities:  "  so 
hath  he  committed  many  foul  errors  therein,  which  a  curious 
and  critical  reader  may  easily  discern  "  {Athen.  Oxon.  ed.  Bliss, 
vi.  419).  In  alluding  to  it,  Hearne  exclaims  "  Tis  badly  done. 
In  p.  66  he  mentions  an  universitie  at  Stanford,  near  Oxford, 
which  is  a  gross  mistake  for  Stanford  in  Lincolnshire  "  (Reliq, 
Ream,  (1869),  i.  179).  Dr.  Oliver  records  one  very  curious 
error  {Historical  Collections  (1820)  9).  Some  of  the  most 
serious  relate  to  the  birthplaces  of  Devonshire  and  other 
Worthies.  He  affirms  that  Stephen  Langton  was  a  native  of 
Exeter  (6) ;  this  is  not  so  stated  in  his  MS.,  but  in  a  letter 
transcribed  by  Prince,  he  asserts  having  found  a  notice  of  it 
"in  an  antient  leger  book"  belonging  to  the  City  records. 
Gervase  Babington  in  his  Catalogue  of  Bishops  is  represented 
as  a  native  of  Devon,  whereas  Notts  is  known  to  have  been 
the  county  of  his  birth.     Of   Sir  Walter  Ralegh  he  notes 


AND   HIS  "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETER."  467 

"  some  say  that  he  was  born  at  Budley,  in  Devon ;  others, 
that  he  was  a  native  hereof  (Exeter),  and  born  in  the  house 
adjoyning  to  the  Palace-gate  "  (147).  A  statement,  exclaims 
W.  Oldys,  that  "has  no  authority,, and  perhaps  had  not  so 
much  as  rumour  to  countenance  it"  {Life  of  Balegh  in 
Works,  i.  (1829)  12.) 

Richard  Izacke  had  unlimited  access  to  the  City  records, 
and  largely  availed  himself  of  this  privilege  to  make  copious 
extracts  from  Hooker's  MS.  No  one  would  have  blamed 
him  for  this,  had  he  frankly  owned  the  source  from  which  he 
derived  his  information.  True  it  is  that  in  the  Epistle 
Dedicatory  of  his  MS.,  as  well  as  in  the  first  edition  of  his 
printed  work  (omitted  from  the  second),  he  alludes  to  '*  the 
indefatigable  labours  of  my  primitive  predecessor.  .  .  the 
learned  Mr.  John  Hooker,"  but  that  is  a  very  different  thing 
to  acknowledging  that  all  the  valuable  part  of  his  book  was 
due  to  him.  In  his  favour.  Professor  Freeman  has  fairly 
remarked,  "  he  continued  the  story  to  his  own  time,  so 
that  for  his  own  time  he  is  a  contemporary  authority" 
(Op.  cit.  vi.) 

A  contemplated  work,  apparently  on  the  same  lines  as 
those  of  Izacke,  was  intended  to  be  published  in  the  early 
part  of  this  century,  a  printed  prospectus  being  issued,  of 
which  the  following  is  a  transcript. 

Prospectus. 

Preparing  for  the  Press,  And  to  be  dedicated  by  Permission 
to  the  Right  Rev,  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter,  vol.  i.  part  i.  of  the 

'Chronicles  of  the  City  of  Exbtbr. 

By  the  Rev.  George  Sercombe  Luke,  A.B.,  Member  of  Queen* s 
Collerje,  Oxford,  and  Curate  of  Podimore  Milton,  Somerset, 

The  City  of  Exeter  has  no  cause  to  complain  of  the  number 
of  its  historians.  The  labours  of  Hoker,  Izacke,  Brice,  and 
others,  and  particularly  the  perseverance,  research,  and  talents 
of  Oliver,  have  long  since  and  deservedly  obtained  for  these 
authors  the  lasting  gratitude  of  its  natives  and  inhabitants. 

The  plan,  however,  adopted  almost  generally  by  these  historians, 
appears  very  liable  to  objection,  better  calculated,  as  it  certainly 
is,  for  a  [fenercd  than  a  Local  history,  and  excluding,  as  it  neces- 
sarily must,  those  minutiae  of  detail,  which  the  antiquarian,  the 
native,  and  the  inhabitant  only  seek  in  the  account  of  an  isolated 
city.  It  is  true,  that  the  *  Memorials  *  of  Izacke  plead  some 
exemption  from  this  censure,  but  the  manner  of  their  execution, 
and  the  carelessness  and  credulity  of  that  Chronicler,  forbid  an 


468  RICHARD  IZAGKE, 

unqualified  tribute  of  approbation.  That  he  has  done  much  to 
elucidate  the  History  of  Exeter,  must  be  evident  to  all, — that  he 
might  have  succeeded  better,  with  the  means  which  he  possessed 
of  gaining  access  to  the  original  records  of  the  City,  must  be 
equally  apparent. 

The  conviction  of  the  want  of  an  History  of  Exeter,  Chrono- 
LOQiOALLT  digested,  naturally  directed  the  attention  of  the  present 
author  to  the  *  well-heads '  of  antiquity,  viz.  to  the  oldest  Historians 
and  Annalists  of  England :  and  the  result  of  that  investigation 
was  a  collection  of  ample  materials  for  the  'Chronicles,'  which 
he  deemed  a  desideratum  in  our  local  History,  and  to  which  he 
wishes  to  draw  the  public  notice. 

After  much  labour  he  flatters  himself  he  has  succeeded  in 
reducing  his  Materials  to  Chronological  order,  and  he  therefore 
presumes  to  declare  his  intention  of  publishing  by  subscription 

"  The  Chronicles  of  the  City  of  Exeter," 

In  this  work  will  not  be  found  a  bare  Chronology  of  Events — 
it  will  contain  in  illustration  of  that  Chronology  copious  extracts 
from  the  Saxon  and  other  Chronicles,  and  from  the  Monkish  and 
other  Histories,  which  have  an  immediate  reference  to  the  City 
of  Exeter, — Biographical  notices  of  its  eminent  Natives,  Bishops 
and  Inhabitants, — its  Charters  and  Charities,  general  and  par- 
ticular,— Lithographic  Engravings,  &c,  &c. ;  and  it  is  trusted  that 
the  reader  will  meet  in  the  volumes  about  to  be  offered  to  the 
public  with  every  important  incident  of  local  interest,  whether 
Ecclesiastical,  Political,  or  Civil,  carefully  and  clearly  arranged. 

The  plan  of  Izacke,  and  Anthony  d  Wood,  in  his  'History 
and  Antiquities  of  Oxford,'  has  been  adopted, — nay,  wherever 
*  The  Memorials  of  Exeter '  were  discovered  to  be  faithful 
and  sufficiently  important,  the  words  of  Izacke  have  been 
transcribed. 

*  The  Chronicles  of  the  City  of  Exeter '  will  be  published  (at 
intervals  of  two  months)  in  Parts,  Six  or  Eight  of  which  will 
complete  the  work.  Each  Part  will  contain  about  two  hundred 
octavo  pages  of  letter  press,  the  price  for  which  will  be  Five 
Shillings  and  Sixpence. 

West  Camel,  near  Sherborne,  September  28th,  1829. 

Subscrilters  are  requested  to  transmit  their  names  to  the  Rev. 
George  Sercombe  Luke,  West  Camel,  near  Sherboime ;  to  Messrs. 
Trewman  and  Co,  Booksellers^  Exeter;  to  Mr.  John  Squance, 
Librarian  of  the  Devon  and  Exeter  Institution^  Exeter;  or  to 
t/ieir  Boolisellers  in  town  or  the  country, 

TreurmanSy  Printers^  Exeter. 

Owing  to  the  death  of  the  author  it  remained  unpublished. 
The  MS.  Collections  came  into  the  possession  of  the  late  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart.,  at  the  sale  of  whose  Library  by 


AND   HIS  "ANTIQUITIES  OF  EXETER."  469 

Messrs.  Sotheby  on  June  19th,  1893,  it  was  thus  described 
in  the  Catalogue : 

"167.  Devonshire.  Collections  for  the  History  of  Exeter 
entitled  'Isaacus  Redivivus  or  Chronicles  of  the  City  of  Exeter 
from  the  Earliest  Period/  by  Rev.  George  Sercombe  Luke.  5  vols. 
4to.     1822-26." 

Notwithstanding  all  its  shortcomings,  Izacke's  volume  fills 
up  an  important  hiatus  in  the  socicd  history  of  Exeter,  as 
distinguished  from  the  general  histories  of  Dr.  Oliver  and 
Professor  Freeman ;  nevertheless  it  is  a  matter  of  some  doubt 
whether  it  would  be  desirable  to  encourage  the  publication 
of  another  edition.  Such  a  proceeding  would  necessitate 
a  careful  collation  with  the  MSS.  already  mentioned ;  with 
Hooker's  MS.  works,  the  Municipal  Archives,  &c.  A  pre- 
ferable course  to  adopt  would  be  the  publication  of  Hooker's 
writings  on  the  subject,  from  whence  Izacke  and  others  have 
borrowed  so  freely,  adding  thereto  materials  from  all  other 
available  sources.  The  writer  desires  to  acknowledge,  with 
many  thanks,  the  facilities  and  courteous  assistance  rendered 
him  by  Mr.  G.  R  Shorto,  the  Town  Clerk,  in  his  ex- 
amination of  Izacke  and  other  MSS.  belonging  to  the  city. 


JOHN  TUCKER:  PARISH  CLERK  OF  CORN  WORTHY 

AND  ANTIQUARY. 

BT    THB    REV.     S.     G.     HARRIS,     M.A. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


The  present  generation  seems  to  be  in  danger  of  forgetting, 
or  not  knowing,  what  a  Parish  Clerk  was.  In  one  point  of 
view,  perhaps,  this  may  not  be  a  subject  for  regret,  in  so  far 
as  congregations  in  churches  have  learnt  to  respond  them- 
selves, instead  of  leaving  this  duty  to  be  done  by  deputy. 
But  the  race  of  Parish  Clerks  was,  and  is,  deserving  of  every 
respect;  and  this,  not  only  for  the  care  with  which  the 
minister  of  the  parish  was  directed  by  the  21st  canon  [of 
1603]  to  satisfy  himself  before  appointment  to  the  ofiBce  that 
the  applicant  was  "  of  honest  conversation,'*  and  to  test  his 
skill  in  "  reading,  writing,"  and  "  in  singing  "  also,  if  it  might 
be,  and  from  the  fact  that  he  sometimes  received  the  bishop's 
licence,  but  from  the  testimony  of  generations  to  the  general 
good  character  and  usefulness  of  the  holders  of  the  oflBce 
of  Parish  Clerk.  Among  the  holders  of  this  office  I  have 
seldom  known  one  held  in  higher  respect  by  his  fellow- 
parishioners  than  the  subject  of  this  paper,  Mr.  John 
Tucker,  Parish  Clerk  and  Schoolmaster  of  Cornworthy,  the 
hills  of  which  you  may  see  from  your  good  town  of  Torquay, 
as  I,  when  I  was  its  curate  some  forty-four  years  since, 
was  wont  from  the  same  hills  to  survey  the  "  Forest  of 
Villas,"  in  the  language  I  remember  of  the  Times  newspaper 
of  that  period,  which  make  up  a  great  part  of  this  beautiful 
place.  One  of  the  said  "  villas "  bore,  and  I  believe  still 
bears,  the  name  of  "  Court  Prior,"  from  the  circumstance  that 
its  first  occupant,  now  between  thirty  and  forty  years  since, 
was  a  daughter  of  a  former  owner  of  an  estate  of  that  name, 
of  which  you  will  hear  later  in  this  paper,  in  the  parish  of 
Cornworthy.     I  went  there  as  a  youug  man,   fulfilling,  by 


JOHN  TUCKER.  471 

the  way,  literally,  as  a  curate.  Goldsmith's  line  in  The 
Deserted  Village — 

"  And  passing  rich  with  forty  pounds  a  year  ; " 

but  if  there  had  been,  as  in  another  parish  of  this  county 
with  which  I  used  to  be  acquainted,  a  succession  of  young 
curates,  my  venerable  friend  would  have  had  too  much 
respect  for  the  clerical  cloth  to  describe  them,  as  the  clerk 
of  the  other  parish  is  said  to  have  done,  as  so  many  colts 
whom  he  had  had  to  train.  His  reverence  for  sacred  things 
in  the  house  of  God  was  very  marked,  and  at  a  time  when  it 
was  unusual  for  a  layman  to  read  the  lessons  in  church 
he  was  ready  to  comply  at  the  minister's  request,  and  I  have 
understood  that  the  parishioners  much  appreciated  his 
admirable  and  reverential  reading.  As  the  village  school- 
master his  reputation  stood  high  all  the  country  round.  I 
used  to  think  that  other  lines  of  Goldsmith's  Deserted  Village 
would  fairly  have  represented  the  feeling  of  the  neighbour- 

**  And  still  they  gazed,  and  still  the  wonder  grew, 
That  one  small  head  should  carry  aU  he  knew." 

Not  to  speak  only  of  his  reputation  in  the  eyes  of  the 
poor,  I  doubt  whether  a  farmer,  for  a  considerable  distance 
round,  wherever  he  sent  his  children  afterwards,  would  have 
thought  their  education  complete  if  a  part  of  it  had  not  been 
pursued  under  Mr.  Tucker's  care. 

He  very  seldom,  in  the  whole  course  of  his  life,  wandered 
beyond  the  limits  of  his  parish;  and  this,  I  suppose,  with 
most  persons,  would  have  superinduced  a  narrowness  of 
mind.  But  I  think  it  was  not  so  with  him ;  he  seemed  to 
have  a  considerable  amount  of  large-mindedness,  due  perhaps 
to  his  intercourse  with  the  patriarchal  vicar,  Mr.  Charles 
Barter,  who  held  the  benefice  seventy-one  years,  and  his 
three  sons,  all  of  them  men  of  mark — the  youngest,  Bobert, 
having  been  the  well-known  Warden  of  Winchester,  whose 
name  long  survived,  if  it  does  not  still,  in  the  cricket  fields 
of  Winchester  College,  a  certain  sort  of  hit  with  a  bat  being 
known  as  a  regular  "  Barter." 

But  notwithstanding  that  Mr.  Tucker  travelled  not  far 
from  home,  he  held  communication  with  the  outer  world  by 
acting  as  a  correspondent  with  one  of  the  oldest,  I  believe, 
of  English  newspapers — the  Sherborne  Mercury — his  contri- 
butions being  usually  marked  at  the  end  with  the  words 
"verb,  sap."  He  was  Parish  Clerk  of  Corn  worthy  forty 
years,  and  died  in  December,  1860,  aged  seventy-four  yeara 


472  JOHN  TUCKER: 

Perhaps  even  more  remarkable  was  Mr.  Tucker's  reputation 
as  a  maker  of  wills  for  all  the  neighbourhood  round.  I 
remember  seeing  my  venerable  friend  one  day,  with  paper 
and  pen  in  hand,  and  ink  bottle  in  his  waistcoat  pocket, 
setting  out  from  the  village,  evidently  bent  on  some  matter 
of  business.  I  ventured  to  enquire  its  nature,  and  he  told 
me  that  he  was  on  his  way  to  make  the  will  of  one  of  the 
parishioners.  I  was  bold  enough  to  ask  next  whether  he  was 
not  afraid  of  making  mistakes,  but  he  assured  me  that  he 
bad  made  too  many  wills  to  be  in  danger  of  making  mistakes. 
Honesty,  however,  compels  me  to  admit  that,  notwithstanding 
my  respect  for  my  venerable  friend,  the  neighbouring  solicitors 
bad  not  a  high  opinion  of  his  legal  attainments ;  for  on  my 
jocularly  hinting  that  we  did  not  need  solicitors  at  Cornworthy 
to  make  our  wills,  for  that  Mr.  Tucker  made  them  for  us, 
some  solicitors  of  Totnes  told  me  that  Mr.  Tucker  was  their 
best  friend,  for  that  they  got  a  great  deal  of  business  out  of 
Mr.  Tucker's  mistakes. 

But  it  is  as  an  antiquary  that  members  of  the  Devonshire 
Association  will  perhaps  most  appreciate  my  venerable  friend. 
I  remember  his  telling  me,  from  his  knowledge  of  old  parish 
account  books,  that  the  population  of  the  Parish  of  Corn- 
worthy  was  about  the  same  as  it  had  been  about  200  years 
before — that  is,  about  400 — and  that  in  the  lists  of  recipients 
of  relief  from  the  parish  the  continued  recurrence  of  the 
same  names,  particularly  that  of  Bulley,  for  a  long  period  of 
years,  was  very  remarkable.  When  I  left  the  parish,  about 
forty-two  years  since,  Mr.  Tucker  took  great  pains,  for  my 
personal  grati6cation,  to  supply  me  with  a  considerable 
amount  of  manuscript  relating  to  the  parish  of  Cornworthy, 
and  particularly  to  the  Priory,  the  ruins  of  which,  embracing 
mostly  the  old  gateway,  or,  in  Dr.  Oliver's  description,  the 
"  door  of  the  Tower  and  two  tiers  of  Windows  above,"  are 
near  the  village  of  Cornworthy,  and  are  visible  to  persons 
who  ascend  the  well-known  Corkscrew  Hill,  on  what  was 
anciently  the  high  road  from  Totnes  to  Dartmouth.  It 
occurred  to  me  that  it  was  not  well  for  me  to  keep  the 
manuscript  to  myself,  but  to  offer  somQ  portion  of  it  to  the 
acceptance  of  the  members  of  the  Devonshire  Association. 
I  have  done  what  I  could  towards  "  verifying  "  Mr.  Tucker's 
"quotations,"  but  I  have  reason  to  feel  some  amount  of 
confidence  in  my  old  friend's  accuracy. 

Naturally  enough  a  person  of  Mr.  Tucker's  antiquarian 
turn  of  mind  would  dwell  mainly,  next  to  the  condition  of 
his  much-loved  parish  church,  on  the  striking  ruin  in  the 


PARISH   CLERK  OF  CORNWORTHY  AND   ANTIQUARY.      473 

midst  of  a  luxuriant  orchard,  on  Court  Prior  Estate  in  his 
parish,  and  on  the  families  which  in  former  times  had  been 
connected  with  the  property.  His  manuscript  speaks  of 
Cornworthy  Priory  as  having  been  founded  in  the  year  1237, 
and  as  owing  its  foundation  to  the  powerful  family  of  Zouch, 
which  for  many  generations  held  the  lordship  of  Totnes ;  and 
in  this  opinion  he  is  borne  out  by  Dr.  Oliver  in  his  Monasticon, 
page  236.  Lysons^  also  express  their  belief  that  'the 
barons  or  lords  of  Totnes  founded  the  Priory  of  Totnes,  and 
no  doubt  that  of  Cornworthy  also  at  an  early  period."  Corn- 
worthy  Priory  was  dedicated  to  the  Blessed  Virgin,  and 
founded  for  seven  nuns  of  the  Order  of  St.  Augustine. 
The  endowment  not  being  large  was  a  cause  for  its 
being, generally  exempted  from  paying  what  he  calls  "the 
king's  tenths."  The  "  Keligious  "  presented  to  the  churches 
of  Cornworthy,  Claw  ton  in  the  Deanery  of  Hols  worthy,  and 
Merland  in  the  Deanery  of  Torrington.  The  Priory  of  Corn- 
worthy  was  subject  to  that  of  Totnes,  and  paid  yearly  thirteen 
shillings  and  four  pence,  as  we  learn  from  an  entry  in  the 
Taxatio  JEcclesiastica  Anglice  et  Wallics  auctorUate  P.  Nicholai 
IV.,  A.D.  1219. 

The  names  of  the  following  prioresses  have  been  found  in 
the  Kegisters : 

Jane  Fishacre,  who  died  early  in  1334. 

Mabilla  de  Bradford  succeeded  April  29th,  1334. 

Jane  Lucy,  who  died  October  3rd,  1411. 

Eleanor  Blake  succeeded  February  28th  following. 

Margaret  Wortheham.   She  resigned  her  office  early  in  1461. 

Honora  Vyvyan  succeeded  her  May  28th  of  that  year. 

Thomasina  Dynham  occurs  as  prioress  June  15th,  1501 ; 
resigned  late  in  the  year  1519. 

Avisia  Dynham — elected  as  her  successor  January  30th, 
1520 ;  confirmed  February  4th,  1520 — was  the  last  prioress. 

To  her  Bishop  Veysey  addressed  the  following  mandate* 
or  admonition  from  Chudleigh,  January  19th,  1520-1 : 

MANDATE  OF  THE   BISHOP   TO   THE   CONVENT  OF  CORNWORTHY. 

{Veysey* 8  Register ,  vol.  ii.  fol.  7.) 

"John,  by  God's  pmission.  Bishop  of  Excet,  to  owre  wel 
belovyd  systers  in  Criste,  the  priores  and  covent  att  Corne- 
worthy,  salutyngs  in  o'  Lord  Jhu.     Formasmych  we  enterly 

1  Vol.  li.  p.  141,  Note. 

•  This  mandate  lias  been  verified  by  comparison  with  the  original,  through 
the  courtesy  of  Arthur  Burch,  Esq.,  the  Registrar  of  the  Diocese  of  Exeter. 

VOL.   XXV.  2   H 


T 


474  JOHN  TUCKER: 

desyre  to  purge  the  slaunder  that  hath  ynsued  yn  yo  howse 
by  trasgression  of  religion,  we  have  sende  youe  certyn  o' 
Ordinas  accordinge  to  the  lawys  of  holy  church  yn  Engleshe, 
the  rather  by  you  to  be  understond  and  kept  as  hereafter 
folowynge  shall  evydently  apere.  Ffurst  we  commaunde 
youe,  priores,  in  vertu  of  obedience  to  see  Divine  sves  in  due 
tyme,  place  and  forme  by  the  hoole  covent,  except  age, 
sykenes  or  wother  lawfull  evydent  cawse  lett,  be  devoutly 
w%wte  vayne  coicacon  celebrate  accordynge  to  yo'  nombre, 
as  yn  wother  devoute  places  of  yo'^  religion  it  is  obsvyd  and 
kepta  Fforthermore,  nyghtly  ye,  pores,  w*  all  the  covent^ 
to  rest  in  one  dortor,  all  sevaU  chambers  and  backedores 
utterly  excluded.  Also  in  the  fra?  togeders  take  yo*^  repast, 
attendynge  to  yo'  contemplative  lecto'  there  to  be  redda 
Also  that  ye  use  no  pompos  apparell,  but  such  as  ys  used  yn 
the  sadde  bowses  of  yo'  religion.  Also  we  inhibett  youe  to 
receve  sugeners  w'^owte  o'  speciall  licence,  com  maundy  nge 
youe,  priores,  in  Vtue  of  obedience  to  remove  from  yo'  house 
w***yn  a  moneth  after  the  recepcon  hereoflf  all  the  servauntes 
hott  necessary  for  the  place,  and  also  the  Bryton  and  his 
wyfife,  for  consideracons  reasonable  which  y  shall  disclose 
unto  youe  hereaft;  alway  ye  and  the  covent  havynge  yn 
youre  remembraunce  the  thre  substancialls  of  yo'  religion 
which  ye  have  professyd ;  ffyrst,  obedience,  forsakynge  youre 
awne  wyll ;  secunde,  chastite/  for  the  violacon  whereoflf 
w^^owte  great  repentaunce  and  hye  mcy  of  God,  is  sorow 
ppetuall;  the  thyrde,  abdicacon  of  pperte,  forsakynge  the 
worldle  solicitude.  Ffro  the  bett  conservacon  whereof,  and 
that  ye,  pores,  may  the  rather  give  yo^selffe  to  contemplacon 
and  religious  conversacon,  we  utterly  inhibet  youe  to  inter- 
medell  yn  yo'  awne  psone  w^  any  uttward  husbandre, 
wandrynge  yn  the  fylds  and  wother  pphane  places  irreligiously 
owte  of  youre  pore ;  and  that  all  suche  exteriour  besynes 
be  done  by  some  discret  vtuouse  man,  that  can  and  woU 
diligetly  and  polytyckly  do  the  same.  Thes  premisses  w* 
all  wother  rulis  and  obsvances  of  yo*"  religion  accordynge 
to  youre  nombre,  we  commaunde  youe,  priores,  under  the 
payne  of  the  lawe  to  be  effectually  kepte,  opynly  published, 
redde,  and  declared,  that  ye  and  youre  systers  soo  herynge 
them,  may  observe  the  same  to  the  confusyon  of  o*"  goostly 
enymye  the  devyll,  salvacon  of  yo*"  sawles,  bono'  of  religion 
and  owre  excuse  before  God,  who  encrease  youe  w*  vertue 
and  hys  grace. 

"Wrytyn  the  place,  day  of  the  moneth,  and  yere  above 
sayd."  (Chudleigh,  Jan.  29th,  1520-1.) 


PARISH  CLERK  OF  CORNWORTHY  AND  AUTIQUARY.      475 

According  to  the  Survey  of  Church  Property  made  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  prior  to  the  Dissolution  of  Beligious 
Houses,  it  appears  that  the  clear  revenues  of  Comworthy 
Priory  amounted  to  £63  2s.  lOd. 

After  the  Dissolution  of  Beligious  Houses  we  find  Sir  Piers 
Eggecombe  (now  spelt  Edgcumbe)  making  application,  in 
or  about  the  year  1536,  for  the  temporalities  of  the  Priory  of 
Totnes  and  the  Nunnery  of  Comworthy,  to  Sir  Thomas 
Cromwell,  afterwards  Earl  of  Essex,  Vicar  -  General  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Sir  Piers  did  not  succeed  in  his  application,  and  in  the 
2nd  year  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  the  site  of  the  Priory 
of  Comworthy  was  granted  to  Edward  Harris  and  John 
Williams.  This  statement  of  Mr.  Tucker  agrees  with  that 
of  Dr.  Oliver  on  the  point,  who  further  adds  that  the 
property  continued  for  some  generations  in  the  Harris 
family ;  that  it  afterwards  came  to  the  Bassetts ;  and  about 
the  year  1800  Lord  de  Dunstanville  sold  it  to  John  Holditch, 
Esq.,  in  whose  family  it  remained  until  a  recent  period.  But 
Mr.  Tucker  gives  a  further  quotation  on  the  point  from  Bisdon's 
Sui-vey  of  Devon^  who  speaks  of  the  property  as  having  been 
*' bought  by  Edward  Harris,  father  of  Sir  Thomas  Harris, 
Sergeant-at-Law,  a  man  (he  says)  much  respected  for  his 
pregnant  wit  and  learning.  From  him  it  descended  to  his 
son  Sir  Edward  Harris,  Chief  Justice  of  Munster,  in  Ireland. 
Sir  Edward  Harris  left  only  daughters  and  co-heirs,  among 
whom  his  property  was  divided,  and  Priory  House  permitted 
to  fall  to  ruins. 

This  Sir  Thomas  Harris  died  in  the  year  1610,  and  was 
buried  in  the  chancel  of  Comworthy  Church,  where  his 
monument  may  still  be  seen,  with  recumbent  figures  of 
himself  and  his  wife,  arrayed  after  the  fashion  of  the  reigns 
of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  Mr.  Tucker  has  not  omitted  to 
record  on  his  Manuscript  the  inscription  : 

"  Heare  lyeth  the  Bight  Worshipful  S"^  Thomas  Harris,  Knight, 
Sarga'^t  at  Lawe  and  the  Ladye  Elizabeathe  his  wife  wyth  there 
foure  children.  There  eldest  Sonne  Edwarde  Chief  Justis  of 
Manster  in  Yerlande.  There  youngest  Sonne  Christopher  slayne 
in  the  wanes  at  Ostend  in  Flanders :  And  their  eldest  Daughter 
Anne  maried  to  S'  Thomas  Southwell  a  Knight  of  Suffock  :  And 
there  youngest  Davghter  Honer  maried  to  S*"  Hugh  Harris,  a 
Knight  of  Scotland. 

"This  Worthy  Gentellman  decesed  this  Lyfe  the  seventeneth 
Daye  of  May  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lorde  God  1610." 

'  p.  167. 
2  H  2 


476  JOHN  TUCKER: 

I  subjoin,  from  Mr.  Tucker's  Manuscript,  the  following 
account  of  the  family  of  Harris,  who  inhabited  the  Priory  of 
Gomworthy,  and  his  extracts  from  the  Church  Begisters,  and 
other  Parochial  Books  of  Cornworthy,  on  account  of  their 
possible  usefulness  for  genealogical  or  other  purposes,  and 
their  eccentricities  in  spelling : 

"Edward  Harris,  son  of  Walter  Harris,  of  Monmouthshire, 
was  the  first  who  settled  in  Cornworthy.  He  (the  said  Edward) 
married  two  wives.  By  the  first  he  had  a  son  named  Thomas ;  by 
his  second  wife  Ann,  daughter  of  William  Huckmore  of  Devon,  he 
had— II.  Arthur  Harris  of  Churston  in  Devon,  living  in  1620, 
who  married  twice,  1'*  Honor,  daughter  of  John  Wills  of 
Northwick,  and  2*"^  PhUippa,  daughter  of  Richard  Duke,  of 
Otterton,  in  Devon,  esq.  UI.  Susan  Harris,  who  married  (in 
1586)  Henrie  Fortiscue  of  Wood  in  the  Parish  of  Woodleigh, 
Devon,  and  had  issue  1**  Agnes  Fortiscue  (in  1588)  who  married 
Robert  Tokerman  (in  1615),  2""^^  Bridget  Fortescue  (in  1592), 
who  married  John  Francis  of  Dartmouth  (in  1615),  3'*  Edwaid 
Fortiscue  (in  1602) 

"  Sir  Thomas  Harris,  Knight,  of  Cornworthy,  Sergeant  at  Law, 
the  eldest  son  and  heir  of  Edward  Harris,  was  M.P.  for  Oke- 
hampton,  27"*  Elizabeth  (1585),  for  Bossiney*  or  Bosinney  in 
Cornwall  in  the  35"^  (1593),  and  39"*  (1597),  and  for  Truro  in 
the  43"*  thereof  (1601).  He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Henry  Pomery  and  daughter-in-law  of  Mr.  Edward  Harris, 
(27'**  December  1573)  and  had  issue — 

"I.  Annys  [alias  Ann]  (1574)  married  to  Sir  Thomas 
Southwell,  Knight,  of  Suffolk. 

"II.  Sir  Edward  Harris  (His  heir)  christened  Dec.  13"*  1575. 

"  III.  Christopher  (slain  in  the  wars  at  Ostend). 

"IV.  Honour*  (in  1578)  married  to  Sir  Hugh  Harris,  a 
Knight  of  Scotland. 

"  Sir  Edward  Harris  of  Cornworthy,  Knight,  the  son  and  heir 
of  Sir  Thomas,  was  also  of  the  Law,  and  Lord  chief  justice  of 
Munster  in  Ireland.  Only  three  daughters  survived  him.  One 
of  them,  "the  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris,"  was  baptized  the  15"^ 
April,  1603.  It  appears  that  this  "Lady  Elizabeth  Harris"  was 
livitig  in  1659. 

"  Agnes  Fortiscue,  who  married  Robert  Tuckerman,  had  issue. 

"I.  A  daughter  baptized  5'**  Febniary  1617. 

"II.  James  Fortiscue,  christened  2'*  March  1627." 

*  Formerly  a  borough  and  market-town  in  the  parish  of  Tintagel. 
>  So  spelt  in  the  MS. 


PARISH  CLERK  OF  CORNWORTHY  AND  ANTIQUARY.     477 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  REGISTER  BOOKS  OF  THE 
PARISH  OF  CORNWORTHY. 

"Ano  Dm.  (1562.)     Baptizings." 

"  The  first  of  Apryll  baptized  the  child  of  M'^  Edward  Harris 
named  Gyels." 

'*1565.  The  20th  daye  of  January  was  crystened  Susanna 
Harris  the  daughter  of  Edward  and  Annes  Harris." 

**  1574.  The  22th  daye  of  August  was  baptized  the  daughter 
of  M'  Thomas  Harrys  named  Annes." 

"  1575.  Edwardus  Harris  the  sonne^of  M'  Thomas  Harris,  gen.* 
christened  the  13***  Daie  of  December,  MDlxxv." 

"  1578.  Honor  Harries,  Daughter  of  M'  Thomas  Harris 
christened  the  6"*  Daie  of  October  a°  MDlxxviiL" 

"  1588.  Agnes  Fortescue  the  Daughter  of  M'  Henrie  Fortescue, 
gentleman,  and  M"  Susan  Fortescue  his  wife  was  chrystened  the 
U'^  Daie  of  July  1588." 

"  1592.  Brigett  Fortescue  the  Daughter  of  M'  Henrie  Fortescue, 
gentleman,  and  Susanna  his  wife  was  chrystened  the  21st  daie  of 
Januarie." 

"  1595.  Arthure  Fortescue  sonne  of  Henry  Fortescue,  gentle- 
man, and  Susanne  his  wife  was  chrystened  the  28"*  daie  of 
Februarie  1595." 

"  1602.  Edward  Fortiscue  the  sonne  of  Henry  Fortiscue  and 
Susanne  his  wife  was  chrystened  the  26***  of  September  1602." 

*'1603.  Elizabeth  the  daughter  of  the  w''  Master  Edwarde 
Harris  and  Elizabeth  his  wyfe,  was  baptized  the  15"*  daye  of 
AprilL" 

"1617 ^  Tockerman  the  daughter  of  Robert  Tockerman 

and  Agnes  his  wife  was  baptized  the  5^**  of  February." 

"  1627.  James  Tokerman  the  sonne  of  Robert  Tokerman  and 
A^es  his  wyfe  was  christened  the  second  die  of  Marche." 

Ano  Dm.  (1562.)    Buryings." 

"  The  20"*  daye  of  Maye  was  buried  Maria  Pomerye." 

"1591.  John  Fortescue  the  sonne  of  M'  Henrie  Fortescue, 
gentleman,  and  Susanne  his  wife  was  buried  the  tenth  daie  of 
June,  1591." 

"1592.  M'  Edward  Harris,  esquier,  was  buried  the  tenth  day 
of  Aprill,  1592." 

"  1694.  William  Harrys,  Esquier,  was  buried  at  Beer-ferrys  the 
29'**  daie  of  January  1594." 

•  So  spelt  in  the  MS. 

'  The  paper  in  the  Register  Book  torn  so  that  the  words  cannot  be  seen. 


478  JOHN  TUCKER: 

"  1599.  An  infant  John  Fortescne  the  sonne  of  Henry  Fortescue, 
Gentleman,  and  Susanne  his  wife  was  buried  the  25"*  of  June, 
1599." 

"  1601.  M"  Agnes  Harris  widow  was  buryed  the  26"*  of 
November." 

"1601.  M"  onor  [Honor?]  Harris  the  wife  of  M'  Arthur 
Harris  was  buried  the  25"*  of  October." 

"  1607.  Gilles  Harris,  Gent  was  buried  the  15"*  January  1607." 

"1621.  Henry  Fortescue,  gentleman,  was  buried  the  20"*  day 
of  March." 

".  .  .  .®  Thomas  Harryes,  Knight  was  .  .  .  .^  five  and  twentieth 
of  May,  1610." 

'*  1630.  Mr.  Arthur  Harris  the  sonne  of  Sir  Edward  Harris  was 
buried  the  20'**  of  August" 

"1634.  The  Ladye  Elizabeth  Harris  was  buried  the  eighteenth 
day  of  Aprill." 

"  1638.  Mrs.  Susanne  Fortescue  was  buried  the  10"*  of  July." 

"  1663.  M'  Edward  Fortescue  was  buried  the  seventh  day  of 
January,  1663." 

**  1664.  Jane  Fortescue  was  buried  the  9"*  of  November." 

"  1666.  Thomas  Harris,  Gent,  was  buried  the- 22  of  June." 

"  1683.  Robert  Tuckerman  the  sonne  of  Robert  Tuckerman,  was 
buried  the  eight  and  twentieth  day  of  August" 

Marriages. 

"  1573.  The  27^**  of  December  was  married  M*"  Thomas  Harrys 
and  M"  Elizabeth  Pomraye  daughter-in-law  of  M'  Edward  Harrys." 

"1581.  .  .  .  +30***  of  July  M'  Richard  Pomrye  sonne-in-law 
of  M'  Edward  Harris  .  .  .  +  and  Alice,  daughter  of  Stephen 
+  " 

•      •      •        I     • 

"1586.  M'-  Henry  F()rtescue  of  Woode  in  the  Parish  of 
Woodeley,  esquier,  sonne  of  John  Fortescue  esquier  of  Preston 
and  M"  Susanne  Harrys  daughter  of.  M'  Edward  Harrys,  esquier, 
were  married  the  5"*  Daie  of  December,  1586." 

"1587.  William  Willins  of  Kingswear  and  Florence  White, 
servant  to  M*"  Edward  Harrys,  esquier,  were  married  the  8"*  day  of 
August  1587." 

"  1593.  John  Crewse  and  Margaret  Cawniam  the  servants  of 
M'  Artliur  Harris  were  married  the  25***  June  1593." 

"1597.  John  Mounteroy  servante  to  M"  Agnes  Harris  and 
Joane  Browne  servante  unto  John  Holditch  were  married  the 
10^**  day  of  April,  1597." 

"1597.  Joseph  Whyte  sone  of  William  Whyte  and  servante 
unto  M'  Henrie  Fortescue  and  Chrystina  Wakeham,  servante  unto 
M"  Agnes  Harrys,  were  married  the  27"*  day  of  February  1597." 

"  1598.  John  Whyt<^  servant  unto  M"  Agnes  Harrys  and  Joan 
Myd winter  were  married  the  22^^  daie  of  Feb.  1598." 

"  The  paper  in  the  Register  Book  torn  so  that  the  words  cannot  be  seen. 


PARISH   CLERK  OF  CORNWORTHY  AND   ANTIQUARY.      479 

"  1604.  Willyam  Vogode  and  Fortune  Hardy  eervitore  to  the 
Right  worshipful  Knight  Sir  Thomas  Harrys  were  married  the 
first  of  October,  Anno  D.  1604." 

"1610.  Walter  Harrys  and  Thomsinge  his  wife  were  married 
22"^  of  Dec'-  1610." 

"1615.  John  Francis  of  Dartmouth,  gent,  and  M"  Brigett 
Fortescue  were  married  the  28"*  of  October,  1615." 

"  Robert  Tokerman,  and  M"  Agnes  Fortiscue  were  married  the 
second  day  of  December,  1615." 

EXTRACTS   FROM    PAROCHIAL    BOOKS,   &c. 
From    Poor    Rates    and    Aooount    Books. 

Comworthie  1595.     "By  the  weeke." 
M"  Agnes  Harrys  I** 
Arthur  Harrys,  Gent.  II** 
Richard  Pomrye,  Gent.  II** 
Thomas  Pomrye,  Gent. 
1599.     (Thomas  Pomrye  omitted.) 

1602.  M*^  Giles  Harris  (with  the  first  three  above). 

1603.  (Mrs.  Agnes  Harris  discontinued.) 

1604.  Sir  Thomas   Harris.      M'  Arthua  Harris.      M*  Richard 

Pomrey.     M'  Giles  Harris. 

1605.  (Sir  Thomas  Harris  signed  a  Rate  as  a  Justice  of  the 

Peace.) 

1607.  M'  Henrie  Fortiscue  added  to  the  above. 

1608.  M'  Giles  Harris  discontinued.  (Died  in  1607.) 

1611.  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris.  M'  Henry  Fortescue,  gent.  M' 
Arthur  Harris,  gent.  M'  Richard  Pomery,  gent.  Sir 
Thomas  Harris,  discontinued.  (Died  in  1610.) 

1615.  Robert  Tokerman  appears  >vith  the  above.  (Married  M" 
Agnes  Fortiscue  in  this  year.) 

1622.  The  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris.  M"  Sucen  Fortiscue.  (M' 
Henry  Fortiscue  died  in  1621.) 

1633.  Imp.    The  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris.     Richaid  Wyse,  Esq. 

M"  Susanna  Fortescue. 

1634.  Imp.    My  Lord  Edward  Harris.     Lady  Elizabeth  Harris 

discontinued.  (Died  in  this  year.) 

1635.  Sir  Thomas  Harris  with  the  holders.    Richard  Wyse,  Esq*" 

with  the  holders.   M"  Susanna  Fortiscue.    (Lord  Edward 

Harris  discontinued.) 
1638.     M""  Edward  Fortiscue.   (M"  Susan  Fortiscue  discontinued.) 
1643.     The  Gentlewomen  at  the  Court  House  with  the  holders. 
1645.     The  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris  with  the  co-heirs  of  M'  Edward 

Harris. 
1647.     The  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris  with  the  Co-heirs  of  Edmund 

[1  Edward]   Harris,    Esq"".     Richard   Wyse,    Esq''.     M' 

Arthur  Fortiscue  for  the  mill.     M*"  Edward  Fortiscue. 


480  JOHN  TUCKER: 

1648.  The  Lady   Elizabeth  Harris.     The   Co-heirs  of    Edward 

Harris,  Esq*"  with  the  holders.  Richard  Wyse,  Esq' 
with  the  holders.  Arthur  Fortescue  for  the  milL 
Edward  Fortescue,  gent. 

1649.  (Arthur  Fortescue  discontinued.) 

1650.  The  Co-heirs  of  Court  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris.     M» 

Mary  Gratrexe(?).  M'  Philip  Tent  with  the  holders 
thereof  10s.  Richard  Wyse,  Esq'  with  the  holders  lOs. 
1652.  James  Freench,  Esq'  with* the  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris  with 
the  holders.  M"  Mary  Gratrekes  with  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  Harris  with  the  holders.  John  Lankester, 
Esq'  with  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris  with  the  holders. 

1655.  John  Pley,  Esq'  with  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Harris  with  the 

holders.  (James  Finch  discontinued.)  The  others  as 
before. 

1656.  M"  Mary  Gratrekes  discontinued. 

1660.  John  Pley  with  the  holders.  John  Lancaster  with  the 
holders.     (Lady  Elizabeth  Harris  discontinued.) 

1665.     M'  Bartholomew  Fortiscue.     M'  Edward   Fortiscue  dis- 

,  continued,  died  in  1663.) 

1672.  John  Lancaster,  gent.  John  Pley,  gent.  Bartholomew 
Fortiscue.     Robert  Tuckerman.     Richard  Tuckerman. 

No  Poor  Account  Book  can  be  found  from  this  date  until — 

1765.  Francis  Basset,  Esq'  for  Court  Prior.®  John  seal.  Esq' for 
a  number  of  estates.^ 

In  a  Deed,  dated  4  James  I.  1606,  is  mentioned  "Edward 
Harris  of  Colquyte  in  the  County  of  Cornwall,  Esq." 


FROM   A  CHURCH   ACCOUNT  BOOK. 

1620.     New  wardens.     Robert  Tokerman,  Debutie  for  the  Lady 
Elizabeth  Harris. 

1637.  Edward   Fortiscue,   gent.,  Debutie   for  liis   mother,   M" 

Susanna  Fortiscue. 

1638.  M'  Robert  Potte,  Debutie  for  Sir  Thomas  Harris. 
1641.     Edward  White,  Deputy  for  Edward  Fortiscue. 

•  The  present  name  of  the  estate,  on  which  the  ruins  of  Cornworthy  Priory 
stand. 

^  Of  late  years  the  priory  estate  and  the  impropriate  tithes  have  been  in 
the  Basset  family.  It  was  sold  by  Lord  dc  Dunstanville,  about  the  year  1800, 
to  Mr.  John  Holditch.  A  manor  in  Cornworthy  (Comeorde)  was  held  in 
demesne,  at  the  taking  of  Domesday  Survey,  by  Joel  de  Totneis.  The  manor 
of  Cornworthy,  which  belonged  to  the  Boones,  was  sold  after  the  death  of 
Thomas  Boone,  Esq.,  in  1679,  by  the  Earl  and  Countess  of  Warrington  to 
John  Harris,  Esq.,  of  whom  it  was  not  long  after  purchased  by  John 
Seale,  Esq.,  of  Mount  Boone,  near  Dartmouth.  FicU  Lysons'  Devonshire, 
part  ii.  p.  141. 


PARISH   CLERK   OF  CORNWORTHY  AND  ANTIQUABY.      481 


CORNWORTHY  MANOR. 

Cornworthy  Manor^  was  possessed  by  Henry  Long,  the 
Earl  of  CornwaU,  in  the  reign  of  King  John,  and  was  then 
valued  at  £16. 

A.D.  1272.     In  the  first  year  of  Edward  I.  it  was  held  by  q 

George  de  Comtiloupe.  ^ 

A.D.  138n  In  the  fifth  year  of  Bichard  IT.  it  formed  part 
of  the  possessions  of  William  Zouche,  of  Haringworth. 

1415.  In  the  third  year  of  Henry  V.  we  find  mention  of 
"  Cornworthy  Manor  and  advowson  of  the  Priory  amongst 
the  extensive  possessions  of  William  Zouch,  Chivaler." 

1425.  In  the  fourth  year  of  Henry  VI.  the  third  part 
of  the  Manor  of  Cornworthy  is  mentioned  as  part  of  the 
property  enjoyed  by  "Elizabeth,  who  was  the  wife  of 
William  le  Zouch,  Chevaler." 

144.3.  In  the  22nd  year  of  Henry  VI.  «  Eobert  Kirkham 
held  East  Cornworthy  in  the  Parish  of  West  Cornworthy,  10 
messuages,  1  dovecote,  100  acres  of  land,  6  acres  of  meadow, 
and  8  acres  of  wood." 

1467.  In  the  7th  year  of  Edward  IV.  "  Eobert  Kirkham, 
esquire,  held  the  Manor  of  Cornworthy."  [Probably  the  part 
above  mentioned  only.] 

1468.  In  the  8th  year  of  Edward  IV.  "  William  Zouch, 
Knight,  Lord  Zouch  and  Senore"  held  Cornworthy  Manor 
and  the  Advowson  of  the  Priory. 

1470.  In  the  11th  year  of  Edward  IV.  Elizabeth,  who 
was  the  wife  of  William  Zouch,  Knight,  held  the  Manor  and 
Advowson  of  the  Priory  of  Cornworthy. 

•  I   have   been  unable  to  verify  or  trace  the  sonrces  of  Mr.   Tucker's 
information  relating  to  the  Manor  of  Cornworthy. 


PLACE-NAMES    IN    VOLUME    L 

OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS   OF 

THE    DAETMOOR    PRESERVATION    ASSOCIATION. 

Bt  ROBERT  BURNARD  akd  ARTHUR  B.  PROWSE,  M.D.,  F.R.aS. 

(RMd  at  Torqaay,  July,  1893.) 


The  first  volume  of  the  publications  of  the  Dartmoor 
Preservation  Association,  entitled  A  Short  History  of  ihe 
Rights  of  Common  upon  the  Forest  of  Dartmoor  and  the 
Commons  of  Devon,  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  the 
literature  of  Dartmoor.  Unfortunately,  however,  many  of 
the  place-names  are  difficult  to  identify,  and  some  of  the 
value  of  the  volume  is  undoubtedly  lost  owing  to  this 
obscurity. 

This  paper  is  an  attempt  to  remedy  this  defect,  and, 
although  all  the  place-names  are  not  definitely  recognised, 
the  greater  number  are  either  placed  beyond  doubt,  or 
indications  given  which  the  authors  believe  give  the  right 
clue. 

It  was  very  desirable  that  this  attempt  should  be  made 
without  delay,  for  lapse  of  time  was  gradually  obliterating 
the  chances  of  recognising  some  of  the  obscure  names. 

The  comparatively  few  places  still  unrecognised  are  likely 
to  remain  so  unless  access  can  be  had  to  the  records  stored 
in  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall  Office. 

The  identifications  which  the  authors  consider  very  prob- 
able, but  of  which  they  have  been  unable  to  obtain  positive 
proof,  are  printed  in  italic  type.  In  one  or  two  instances 
they  have  held  different  opinions,  or  one  has  remained  less 
convinced  than  the  other.  In  such  cases  the  author  who  has 
the  most  faith  in  the  suggested  identification  has  appended 
his  initials. 


THE  DABTHOOR  PBESEBYATION  ASSOCUTIOH. 


483 


Nkw  6-ikch 
O&DNANcs    Map. 


Nams  and  Paob. 


iDSMTinOATIOM. 


89.  S.E. 


108.  S.W.       . 

113,  119,  &c.  . 
113,  119,  120, 

&c. 
113,  S.W.       . 

108,  &  114.    . 


88.N.E,iitS.E. 


113,  119,  120, 

loa  S.W.     . 


107.  N.W. 


n 

89.  N.K 

13. 

lis,  N.E. 


Abberbory,  zx.,  xxi.,  26  . 

Alberysheved,  6 ;  Aberee- 
heved,  63     .        .        . 


Alganlake,  21,  23   . 
Apswell  Rock,  51    . 

Arm, 88  .         .         . 

Arm,  96  ;  Arme,  36 

Arm  Head,  88, 89  ;  Arme 

Headd,  53    . 
Ashburton,  51,  68 ;  Ash- 

berton,  74    . 

Aunnacomb,  20 


Aven,  6 ;  alia*  Owne,  53 ; 
Avena,  22,  23 ;  Avene, 
50        ...        . 

Ayssb,  96        .        .        . 


Babenay,  126 ;   Babeney, 

85, 123,  132;  Babenny, 

11 ;    Babney,  63,   78  ; 

Balbeney,   15,  62.  74; 

Balbeny,  8 ;    Balbney, 

59,62,74    . 
Bewbeney,126;  Bewbney, 

142,  147,  148 
Badeworth,    96 ;      Bad- 

worthy,  95  . 
Barbary,  89     .        .        . 
Barnstaple,    xviii.,    xxv., 

76,  81,  83,  88,  91 
BattyshuU,  6  . 


Ahberbury,  8  miles  W,  hy  N. 
of  Shrewsbury, 

The  head  Marsh  of  Metheral 
Brook,  trihutoflry  of  South 
Teign,  It  is  a  Forest-hound^ 
between  HeathsUme  (q,v.)and 
(he  North  Walla  Brooky  rwrth 
of  King's  Oven.  (See  Devon, 
Assoc,  vol,  xxiv,  p.  4I8j^, 

Awsewell  Rock,  or  Hazel  Tor, 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Ashburton. 

Erme  River. 

Aune,  or  Avon  River.  (Aune, 
Rotoe,  275.) 

Erme  Head,  4  miles  East  of 
Sheepstor. 

Ashburton.  (Aysshberton, 
Roufej  282.)  (Aiseberton, 
Carrington,  xlvL) 

Amictmibe  {hill).  The^'Preda 
de  Aunnacomb"  ismentioned 
as  one  of  four  pasturage- 
districts  in  the  North  quarter 
of  the  Forest. 


Avon,  or  Aune,  River. 
Aish,  near  Spitchweek,  3  miles 
S.  of  Widdecombe. 

Babeney,  on  the  Wallabrook 
near  its  ending  in  the  East 
Dart.  (Ball:^nye,  Rows, 
267.) 


do.  do. 

Batworth^,  on  the  N.  Teign, 
near  Qidleigh. 

Error  for  Babeney. 

Bamstople,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Taw  River. 

Ryder's  Hill.  A  Forest-bound 
between  Dryfeldfordf  over  the 
Drylake  tributary  of  the 
Obrook,  and  the  head  of  the 
West  Wallabrook.  (See 
Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxiv. 
page  4S/i.)  (Battoshelle, 
Rows,  269.) 


484     PLACE-NAMES  IN  VOL.  L  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


New  6-xnch 
Ordnakck    Map. 


Name  and  Page. 


iDENTiriCATION. 


83,  S,E, 


98.  S.K 


}> 


77.  N.W.       . 


99.  N.E. 
89.  N.K 
118.  N.W. 


lli,  N.JE. 


113.  S.E. 
108.  N.W. 


64.  S.W. 
107.  N,  W. 


88.  N.W. 


Beare,  117 


Bellaford,  90   . 


Bellaford    (Combe)    90; 

Bellabour,  Bellavur,  & 

Beltaburr,  115 
Belstone,  xix. ;   Bellsoun, 

60        ...        . 


Benewith,  33;   Ben  with, 

«5i  .  .  •  . 

Beniford  (yeat),  126 
Bennett's  Cross,  88 . 

Berydon,  140  . 

Bickley,  57  ;  Bickelegh, 
162, 163 ;  Bykelie,  105, 
106      ...        . 

Bidegrip,  33    . 

Biricombaforda,  105 


a 


Bishop's  Mead,  or  Bosshe 
Mead,  50     .        .        . 
Bittelford  (yeat),  135 


Blacaller  Cloo,  42    . 

Blacastathe,    21 ;     Black 
Staith,  21    .        .        . 


Blackebrome,137;  Black- 
brome,  137  . 
Blackbrom  e  ward,  1 2 1 


B«ery  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Axe  River,  in  South- East 
Devon;  or  Beer  Charter^ 
near  Braunton,  North 
Devon. 

Believer,  i.e.  the  local  pro- 
nunciation of  Bellafora,  1 
mile  S.  by  E.  of  Postbridge. 

A  newtake  in  Cranery  bottom, 
south  of  Believer. 

Belstone,  near  Okehampton. 
(See  also  Kelston.)  (Beles- 
ton,  Roufe,  269  ;  and  Bels- 
ton,  275.) 

Error  for  Renwith,  q.v, 

f  Bellaford. 

Bennett's  Cross,  near  Vitifer 

Mine  and  Newhouse. 
Berrydown,  \  mile  S.W.  of 

Gidleigh. 


Bickleigh. 

f  A  ford^  near  Collyton,  east  of 
Sheepstor,  It  is  given  as  one 
bound  of  a  manor  in  I4O8 ; 
and  comes  between  the  Dene- 
brok  {N,E.  ofSheepstor)  and 
a  point  in  the  Sheepstor  road 
on  the  west  side  of  Ring- 
m^oor  Down^  not  far  from 
^^  Smalacumhacrosse^*  q.v. 

Bishop's  Mead,  opposite  Hunt- 
ingaon  Cross. 

A  moor-gate  near  Bittleford, 
1^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wide- 
combe. 

Blackland  Croft,  4  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Okehampton. 

f  Near  Dunnabridge  and 
Frincehall.  {Staiih = hank 
or  shore.)  The  rocks  in  the 
West  Dart  are  very  dark 
about  here,  owing  to  some 
lowly  -  organised  vegetable 
growth. — A.  B.  P. 

Blackbroom,  close  to  Bride- 
stowe  Station. 

(H^ard  error  for  wood.) 


THE  DABTHOOB  PBESEilVATION  ASSOCIATION. 


485 


NXW  6-INCH 

Obdnanck    Map. 


NaMK  AMD  PaOK. 


iDEMTinCATIOir. 


89.  S,E, 


107.       . 


89.  N.K 


88.  N.K 

105.  sw,      . 

90.  S.W. 
99.  N  E. 

76.  S.W. 

98.  S.W. 


67.  S.W. 
99. 


107.  N.E. 

88.  N.E. 

107.  N.E. 
120.  S.W. 

119  &  120 


Black  fen,  91  . 


Blackfursses,  21  ;  Blake- 
furses,  23     .        .        . 


Blackstone,  91. 


Black  Tores  Beare,  59 
Blacktorrebeare,  65 
Blaketers  Beare,  139 

Blanchdon,  55 


Blowing  Mill,  45 
Bovye,  North,  39 
Bovy-coinbe-Head, 

Bowrelond,  42 

Brademoor,  26 


Bradford  Yeat,  136 


88 


Bradninch,  17 
Bradrings,  90  . 

Brantclive,  21 

Brattor,  41       . 

Braymead,  25 . 

Breniberry,  128 ;  Brome- 
bury,135;  Brownbeny, 
90,  128         ..        . 

Brembrok,  20  . 

Bremelby,  plate  2    . 
Bremstonte,  12 ;  Brimp- 

ston,  89  ;  Brymst,  66  . 
Brent,  49;   Brente,  119; 

Brent  rSouth),  146,  161 
Brentford,  21  . 
Brent  Moor,  36,  43,  45  ; 

Brentmoor,     49,     60  ; 

Brentmore,  49 


The  head  marsh  of  Metheral 
Brook.  (See  Aiberyshevedf 
and  Dewni.  Astoc.  vol,  xxiv, 

A  field  near  Shurboraor  Sher- 

bomfoot,  now  Sherberton. 

(See  "  Charities  of  Devon," 

vol.  ii.  p.  78.) 
At   the   junction    of    Walla 

Brook   with  North    Teign. 

{See  Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxiv. 

p.  4^2.) 
The  copse  under  Black  Tor, 

in  West  Ockment  valley. 

Blanch  Downy  S  miles  W.  hy 
S.  of  Tavistock. 

(1) 

North  Bovey. 

North-East  of  King's  Oven 
(NorthWallabrook  Combe). 

Bowerland,  2  miles  N.  by  £. 
of  Sourton. 

Broadmoor,  KS.E.  of  Cadlip- 
town.  (Brodemede,  Rowe, 
271.) 

"Brodeforde  Yeat"  in  old 
Dartmoor  map  (D.  Assoc., 
1872).  "Bideford"  in 
Donne's  map  of  1766,  be- 
tween Lee  and  Filham,near 
Ivj'bridge. 

Bradninch,  near  Cullompton. 

Newtake,near  Hartland  Farm, 
Postbridge. 

;») 

Brownberry,  near  Dunna- 
bridge. 

Brim  Brook,  tributary  of  W. 
Okement,  near  Dinger  Tor. 
Near  Buckfastlcigh. 

Brimpts,  near  Dartmeet. 

South  Brent. 


See  Brent. 


486      PLACE-NAMES  IN  VOL.   L   OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


New  0-inch 
Obdkanck   Map. 

Name  and  Page. 

lOBNTIflOATtON. 

88.  N.W. 

Bridestowe,  40,  57 ;  Brid- 

dedtowe,  60 . 

Bridestowe. 

112.  S.E. 

Brightee worth,  40 ;  Bris- 

Brisworthy,    near    Cadaford 

worthy,     127;      Brys- 

Bridge.         (Brighteworth, 

worthie,    143 ;     Brys- 

Rowey  273.) 

worthy,  132,  138. 

64.  S.EL 

Brightley  Bridge,  42 

Brightley  Bridge,  1^  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Okehampton. 

Broad  Oak,  90 

(?) 

Near  CnUompUm, 

57,  N,W.       . 

Brok,  la,  106  . 

Bromehill,  33 ;  Bromhill, 

8 ;  Broomehill,  37 

1  (Bromehill,  Bowe,  271.) 

114.       . 

Bromeparke,  plate  2.  (See 

p.  46,  line  12) 

Close  to  Buck&stleigh. 

107.  N.E.       . 

Bromstontoryn,     23; 

Brounstonntor,  31 

Brimpts.  See  also  Brem- 
stonte. 

>9 

Bromstonwode,  23 . 

Brimpts  Wood.  There  are 
still   a   few  ancient   oaks 

remaining  in  Brimpts  plan- 

tations. 

Bryburgh,  37  . 

(Bibraugh,  Rowe,  271.) 

114.    S.E.    & 

Buckefast,  118, 166 ;  Buk- 
fast,  119 ;    Buckfestre, 

S.W.  . 

117;     Bufestre,    117; 

Buckefastlee,  plate  2 ; 

Buckfastlee,    45,    46  ; 

Buckfastleigh,   43,   48, 

51,65,118,149;  Buck- 

fastly,    46  ;      Buklaat- 

lej^h,  119  ;  Buckfastley, 

46  ;  Buckefaatlev,  166  ; 

Bulkefastlejrh,  40. 

Buckfastleigh. 

113  &  114.     . 

Bukfastmore,  119  ;  Buck- 
fast  Moor,  43 ;    Buck- 

fiistleigh  Moor,  45,  50  . 

Buckfastleigh  Moor. 

114. 

Buckefast  woode,  plate  2  . 

Buckfastleigh  Wood. 

111.  N.E.       . 

Buckland,  13,  23,  37,  48, 
97,  162  ;  Boclond,  105, 
106;  Buckeland,  118; 
Buckland  Monachorum 
144 ;  Monkenbucklond, 

165       .... 

Buckland  Mouachorum. 

113.  S.E. 

Buckland  Ford,  50  . 

Buckland  Ford,  in  Avon  Val- 
ley, J  mile  W.  of  Hunting- 
don CJross. 

108.  S.W.       . 

Buckland-in-the-Moor,  5 1 

Buckland-in-the-Moor. 

46  or  57. 

Bum,  106        ..        . 

Tributary  of  Culm  River,  about 
1  mile  N,  of  CuUompton, 
running  east. 

Butterfilde  Hedge,  140    . 

0) 

THK  DABTMOOB  FBESERVAnON  ASSOCUTIOy. 


487 


New  6-imch 
Ordnance    Map. 


Name  Ain>  Paoe. 


lOKMTIFIGATXON. 


111.  S,E, 


114 
107.  ^.E. 


112.  S.E. 


106,  N,  W. 


88.  N.W. 
99.  S.E. 

107.  N.E. 

90.  N.W. 


Bycacumbayoneda,  106   . 

Byrcherd  Parke,  plate  2  . 
Byrgerd  Meade,  plate  2  . 
Byrgyer  Mede,  plate  2     . 
Byrgerd  Ball,  plate  2 
Bysouthexworthi,  26 


Cadaworth  Bridge,  105 

Calaton,  166,  157    . 
Calestock,  46  . 
Canford  (Hedge),  116 
Catrowe,  Higher,  39 

Catrowe,  North,  39 . 


Chagford,  xxi.,  29,  39,  40, 
42,  48,  63,  74,  83,  85, 
121,  143;  Chageford, 
plate  1 ;  Chaggeforde, 
108      ...        . 


100.  S.W.      . 

Chalnecombe,  40 

119.  S.E. 

Cheverston,  7  . 

92.  S.E. 

99.  S.W. 

Chiteford,  26  . 

31.  N.W.       . 

Chitelhamholt,  1^ 

98.  S.W. 

Chodlype,  40  . 

107S.W. 

Choleyest,  33  . 

112.  N.W.      . 

Churcheford,  105 

Chuton,  35 


Bickham,  2  mUes  S,  by  E.  of 
Buckland  Monachorum. 

•All  close  to  Buckfastleigh. 

Hexworthy,  1  mile  W.  by  S. 
of  Dartmeet. 


Cadaford  Bridge,  over  Pljrm 

River,   1^  miles   N.E.  of 

Shangh. 
Lower  Golaton,  1  mile  S.W.  of 

Cocks  Tar, 
Calstock,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 

Tamar  River. 
Cranford,    1     mile    S.E.    of 

Bridestowe. 
Higher     Cator     (or     Cator 

Court)    in    W.    Webbum 

VaUey. 
Lower  Cator  (?) ;    hut  this  i$ 

"South/'  not  North,  of  Cator 

Court, 


Chagford.  (Chaggeford,  i2ou;e, 

282.) 
Challacombe,  in  W.  Webbum 

Valley,  2^  miles  N.W.  of 

Widecombe. 
"Cherston,"  1^  miles  S.W,  of 

South  Brent, 
or  '' Chiverston;*  1  mile  N.W. 

of  Kenton. 
Chittaford    Down,    west    of 

Postbridge. 
Chittlehamholt,  5  miles  S.W. 

of  South  Molton. 
Cudliptown,    1    mile    E.  of 

Marytavy. 
(Childrest,  R(ywe,  272.)  /  Neuh 

take  near  "  Childes  Tomb,'' 

by  Fox  Tar  Mire. 
Where  the  lane  from  Yelver- 

ton    to    Meavy    crosses   a 

brook  coming  south  from 

Lake  farm. 


488      PLA.CB-NAMES  IN  VOL.   L   OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


New  6-inch 
O&DNAMCE   Map. 


Nave  amo  Page. 


iDENTinCATZOK. 


im.  s,iF. 


99.  S.W. 
57.  N.W. 
107.  N.K 

1H.N.W. 
107.  N.W. 


119.  S.W. 
77.  S.W. 
98.  N.E. 

88.  N.W. 

89.  N.E. 


Chuiybrokset,  21     . 


Claytorre,  75,  76     . 
Clifbrigg,  106  . 

Cocks  Lake,  90 


Coleford,  107  . 


Ck)llake,  23 ;  Calloc,  31  . 


89.  S.K 

Collerowe,  40 

107.  S.E. 

ComberstoDe,  85 

98.  S.E. 

Condyshull,  20 

88.  N.W.        . 

Coomb,  122     . 

118.  N.W.    . 

Copriscrosse,  106     . 

Comwood,  19, 97 ;  Come- 
wode,  plate  1 ;  Come- 
wood,  146    . 

Cosdoi),  53,  54  ;  Cosson, 
53,  54,  82  ;  Costdonne, 
53 ;  Cossdonne,  6. 

Cowsick  Head.  89    . 


Crandford    (wall),    130 ; 
Cranford  Wall,  131, 137 
Creber  Pound,  70,  71 


Newtake  (4  cusres),  said  to  he  at 
Blacastathe  {q.v.).  Probably 
near  endinq  of  Cherryhrook 
in  W.  Dari.—k.  B.  P. 

An  old  mine  just  above  the 
Povjder  Works.— K  B. 

(In  Petertavy  Parish.) 

Bridge  over  GtUm  River,  8.E. 
of  GtUlompton. 

Cock  Lake,  tributary  of  W. 
Dart,  from  S.E.  of  Laugh 
Tor. 

CoUifordf  or  Gvlleford,  on 
the  Mardle  River,  1  mile 
S.  of  Holne.  (See  Kylla- 
forde.) 

Cnolake,  a  small  tributary  of 
W.  Dart,  rising  in  Tor 
Royal  newtake. 

CoUihole,  or  Gully  Hole,  Ij 
miles  S.W.  of  Chagford. 

Combestone,  or  Cumsdon, 
close  to  Dartmeet  on  the 
south, 

(/)  Conies  Down,  ^  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Petertavy. 

Coombe,  1^  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Bridestowe. 

This  is  one  bound  of  a  mxinor. 
nortJi  of  Woolwell  (q.  v.), 
and  is  said  to  be  on  the  road 
between  Sutton  (Plymouth) 
and  Tavistock.  Thence  the 
boundary  goes  northerly  to 
Bycacumbayo7ieda  (q.  v.). 
This  would  locate  it  at  or 
near  a  cross-road,  about  1 
mile  north  of  Jump,  or 
Roborough. 


Cornwood. 


Cosdon,  or  Cawsand  Beacon. 
Source   of    Cowsic   River,   i 

mile  N.  by  W.  of  Devil^ 

Tor. 
Cranford,     1    mile    S.E.     of 

Bridestowe.   (See  Canford.) 
Crealjer  Pound,  J  mile  S.W. 

of  Gidleigh. 


THE  DABTMOOK  PBESEBTATION  ASSOCIATION. 


489 


New  6-inch 
Obdnanck  Map. 


Namx  and  Paok. 


iDKHTinOATIOH. 


107.  S.E. 


112.  N.E. 


99.  S.W. 
112.  S.W. 


57.  N.W. 
57.  N.W. 
5.  N.E.  . 


107.  S.E. 
114. 

121.  N.W. 


98.  S.E.  • 

114.  S.W.       . 

107.    N.E.   & 
N.W. 


Crefeild  ford,  or  Drye- 
feildford,  63 ;  Dryfeld- 
ford,  6  . 

Crewecumba,  105    . 


Crewtor,  20 ;  Crewetorre, 
21 ;  Crowtorre,  75,  76 . 
Cropeton,  105 . 


VOL.   XXV. 


Crundla,  106   . 

Culump,  106  ;    Culuiiip 

ton,  106 
Cumbe  Martin,  117. 


Dartamet,  79  . 

Dartbiygge,plate2;  Dart- 
bryge,  plate  2 

Dartyngton,  136 ;  Dert- 
ington,  117  . 

Dertestream     Hill,     36 
Dertetream  Hill,  96 

Dayeblake,  37  ;    Dedble- 
lake,24;  Diablake,33 
Bead  Lake,  90     . 

Dedlakeheadd,  53 ;  Dead 
lake  Will,  88 

Dean,  49;  Dene,  40  & 
plate  1. 

Denabridge,  129 ;  Deny- 
bridge,123 ;  Donabri^e 
Hill,  23 ;  Donaghbngg 
Hill,  31 ;  Donebrugge, 
12  ;  Donnabridge,  16, 
70,  111 ;  Downbridge 
ford,  24 ;  Dunbrigfom, 
33 ;  Dunbridgeford,  37 ; 
Dunbrigge,  120;  Duna- 
bridge,  60, 90;  Dunna- 
bridge,  16,  69,  147; 
Dunnabrydge,  147; 
Dynabridge,  64    . 

2  I 


A  ford  over  small  tributary 
of  the  Obrook  on  Holne 
Moor. 

A  hound  of  a  manoTy  which  %$ 
next  to  Denebrok  (q.v.)  on 
the  south.  Probably  theupper 
part  of  the  Denebrok  VcUtey, 

Crow  Tor,  in  the  upper  West 
Dart  Vallejr. 

Orattony  1  mile  W,  of  Meavy, 
The  boundary  mentioned 
after  leaving  Churcheford 
{q.v.)  evidently  follows  the 
line  of  modem  parish  bound- 
ary between  YelverUm  and 
Oratton  to  a  rivulet,  called  in 
the  document  EUefordlaky 
and  along  it  to  the  Meavy. 
side  of  Gulm  River. 

Near  Cfullompton,  on  the  east 

Cullompton. 

Combmartin,  in  North  Devon 
3  miles  E.  of  Ilfracombe. 

Dartmeet. 

Dartbridge,  at  Buckfastleigh. 

Dartington. 

(?)  (Dastamehill,  Rowe,  275.) 


(?)  (Driablake,  Rows,  271.) 
Small  tributary  of  Walkham, 

N.  of  Great  Mistor. 
Dean  Prior,  1  mile  S.3.W.  of 

Buckfastleigh. 


Dunnabridge.      (Dunbrigge- 
ford,  Rowe,  271.) 


490     PLACE-NAMES  IN  VOL.  L  OF  THE  PUBUCATIONS  OF 


NKWft-nfCH 
Ordmancv   Map. 


Name  and  Paoe. 


iDKMTIFIOATIOir. 


112.  N.E. 

106,S.W.      . 
106.  S.W. 
114.  S.W.      . 

88.  S.W. 
88,  S.W.        . 
78.  S.W. 
107  S.E. 

n  * 

n  * 

64.  N.E, 


99.  S.E, 


76  S.W. 


131.  NW.     . 
112.  N.W.     . 


113.  N.W.      . 


113,  119,  &c.. 


Dencombe,   40;    Den 

Ck)mbe,  96  . 
Denebrok,  105. 

Dickenton  Yeatte,  North, 
plate  1         .        .        . 
Dittiaham,  57  . 

Dokwill,   18;    Dokwille, 
156      .        .         .        . 
Dolburgh,  24  . 
Doune,  La,  18,  154  . 

Donnton,  154;  Downton, 
18        •         •         .         . 
Druscomb,  8   . 

Dry efeild,  or  Dry  f eld,  ford, 
6, 53    .         .         •        . 

Drylake,  53,  87;  Dry 
Lake,  81      ,        .        . 

Dryework,     6  ;      Drye- 

woorke,  53  . 
Dunslond  Crosse,  42 

Dunyng  Yeate,  144 
Durdon  Cross,  42    . 


Dury,  78,  89    . 


Eb8worth,96;  Ebsworthy, 
57        .        .        . 

Edithull,  21,  23       . 

Elberton,  97    . 

Eleford,22;  Elle8ford,23 
Elleford,  105;  EUeford 
lak,  105 

Elisboroughe,      53,     55 
Elysburghe,  6 ;    Elys 
burgh,     96  ;     Qylles 
burgh,  105  . 

Emi,  96;  Enne,  6,  36 
44,63,81,82;  Inn,  20 
Arm,  88 


Deancombe,  S.  of  Down  Tor. 

(Denecombe,  Bowe.  273.) 
Narrator     Brook,     between 

Sheepstor  and  Down  Tor. 
A  moor-gate  near  Dittieham, 

N.  of  fFalkhampUm  (/). 
Dittisham,  ^  mile  £.  of  Huck- 

worthy  Bridge. 
Dockwell,  2  miles  N.  of  South 

Brent 


Hi 


igh  Dovniy  east  of  DovnUon 

{q.v.) 
Downton,    1    mile    N.E.  of 

Lydford. 
Drascombe,  21  miles  W.  by 

N.  of  DrewSteignton. 

See  CrefeQd  Ford. 

Dry  Lake,tributary  of  Obrook, 
1^  miles  S.S.E.  from  Hex- 
worthy. 

An  old  tin-working  by  Dry- 
lake. 

Dunsland  Cross,  2  miles  S.E. 
of  Hatherleigh. 


airyton  GrosSy  1  mile  E.  of 
North  Lew,  It  is  a  bound 
of  the  "  Chase  of  Oakhamp- 
ton'*  {15SfS)  between  "  Gort- 
herw^  and  "  Gribbelthward," 
(q.v,), 
Dury,  ^  mile  N.E.  from  Bell- 
ever  Farm  (Druru,  Rowe, 
271.) 

Ebbsworthy,  |  mile  N.W.  of 
Bridestowe. 

0) 

Holbeton,  near  Erme  mouth. 

Elford-town,  or  Yelverton,  1 
mile  W.  of  Meavy,  and  a 
small  tributary  of  Meavy 
River,  running  south. 

Eylesbarrow,  2J  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Sheepstor. 


Ernie  River.    (Yerme,  Rowe, 

274.) 


THE  DABTMOOK  PRKSEBTATION  ASSOCIATION. 


491 


New  6-inch 
Ordnanck    Map. 


Namx  akd  Paok. 


lOBMTiriCATIOM. 


113.  S.W. 


113.  S.W. 
76.  S.E, 
89.  N.E. 

118.  N.K 
89.  S.E. 

n 


113.  NK 
106.  N.E. 


113.  N.W. 


V 


n 


89.  S.E. 

99.  N.E. 
112.  S.W. 


89.  S.E. 

89.  N.E. 


Ermehead,  82  ;  Erme 
Head,  97  ;  Arm  Head, 
88,  89;  Arme  headd, 
53        ...         . 

Erme  pounde,  44     . 

Emestorre,  6  . 
Esworthie,  40 . 

Famhill,  106  . 

Feiine,  39        .        .        . 

Femworthy,65,91 ;  Fem- 
worthie  hedges,  53 ; 
Femworthy  (Yeat),  121 

Fewstone,  82(Hugh  Stone, 

91) 


Feyrecorte,  35 
Fishlake,  97    . 

FitzweU,  89 ;  Fice's  Will, 
88         .         .         4  . 

Forterfote,  43  . 


Fox  Tor,  xxvi 
Foxtorre  Combe,  96 
Foxtorr  Head,  89    . 

Frenche  Beare,  141,  142  . 

French  Beare  more  yeat, 
142      ...        . 

Fumam  Regis,  6 ;  Fumum 
Regis,  53      .        .        . 

Gadmewe,  40  . 


Oeston,  53 
Gidley,      19 ; 
plate  1 


Gydeley, 


2  I  2 


Erme  Head,  4  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Sheepstor. 


Erme  Pound,  3^  miles  N.  N.E. 

of  Comwood. 
Yes  Tor.  {See  Devon.  A8soci?oL 

xjcii,  pp.  193, 194.) 
Ensworthy,  1  mile  N.W.  of 

Gidleigh.  (EdworUiie, 

Bom,  272.) 
Femhill,    2    miles    S.R    of 

Shaugh  Prior. 
Venn,  2  miles  S.  by  W.  from 

Chagford. 
Femworthy,  3  ndles  south  of 

Gidleigh. 

The  Lougstone  or  Menhir^  2 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Gid- 
leigh. (See  Devon.  Assoc. 
vol.  xxiv,  p.  423.) 

("  next  Redlake.**) 

Fish  Lake,  tributary  of  Avon, 
1  mile  below  Aune  Head. 

Fice's  Well,  1^  miles  N.N.W. 
from  Princetown. 

(1)  Fw  Tor  Foot.—K  B.  It 
occurs  in  Forester^s  Account 
of  East  Bailiwick.  This 
confuses  its  identification 
as  Fur  Tor  Foot— R.  B. 

Fox  Tor,  3  mUes  S.K  from 
Princetown. 

Coombe  between  Fox  Tor  and 
Nun*s  Cross. 

Source  of  tributary  of  the 
Swincombe  River,  S.W. 
from  Fox  Tor. 

Frenchbeer,  f  mile  E.S.E. 
from  Kes  Tor. 

Frenchbeer  moor-gate. 
King's  Oven,  2^  mUes  N.W. 
from  Po6tbrioqB;e. 

Goodameavy,  ^  mile  above 
ShaughBridge.  (Grodeme  we, 
Rowe,  273.) 

See  Hethstone. 

Gidleigh,  2  mQes  W.  by  N. 
from  Chagford. 


492      PLA.CE-NAMES  IN  VOL.   I.  OF  THE  POBUCATIONS  OF 


Nkw  6-ikch 
Ordnance    Map. 


Name  and  Page. 


Idbntipication. 


119.  N.E. 

119. 
US,  N.E. 

112.  N.W. 

US.  N,E. 


64.  S.W. 

114. 
09.  S.K 

64.  N.W. 

lia  S.W. 


lia  N.W. 

89.  S.E. 
114.  N.W. 

57.  N.W. 

77.  N.W. 


57.  N.W. 
118.  N.E. 
106.  S.E. 


89.  S.E. 


119.  S.W. 


S8. 
114. 
112.  S.E. 

99.  S.W. 

118.  N.E. 

118.  N.W. 


Qlase  head,  50 


•        . 


.        • 


Olases,  Les,  50 
Qnatorre,21 ;  Gnapptorre, 
20        ...        . 
Gnattham,  57  . 

GDattleshill,  53 ;  Knaitle- 
boroughe,  53 

Goreherwa,  42 

Graunge,  plate  2 
GreDdoDy  39    . 

Gribbelthward,  42  . 

Grimsgrove,  53 ;  Qryms- 
grove,  6        .        .        . 

Gyllesburgh,  105     . 

HalfstoDe,  82  . 
Hall,  38  . 
Halsholt,  106  . 

Halstocke   (Chapel),  54 ; 

Halgestoke  ^hapel),6 ; 

Holstocke  (Chapel),  82 
Halstrewa,  106 

Haneketor,  106 

Harborlake  Head,  89 

Hareston,  39    , 


Harford,  36 ;  Harflford, 
plate  1  .        .         . 

Hartforde  Yeate,  146 

Harne,  "preda  de,**  21     . 

Harp's  Bridge,  46    . 

Hart  yeate.  111,  143; 
Hertyeat,127, 132, 138 

Hastiland,  89  . 

Hawk  ridge,  95 

Heale  (ferme),  162 ; 
Heale,  162   . 


Glaze    Head,  ^    mile    S.K 

from  Three  Barrow  Tor. 
East  and  West  Glaze  rivulets. 

GnattleshiU  {q.  v.). 
Gnatham,  j  mile  W.S.  W.  from 

Walkhampton. 
Ryder's    Hill    {wUh    Petret 

Bound  Stone\  3  miUt  W. 

of  Holne. 
Gtorhuish,  4  miles  W.N.W. 

from  Okehampton. 
Close  to  Buckfastleigh. 
Qrendon,  li  E.  by  S.  of  Piz- 

well  Tq  V  J 
Gribbleford,  2  miles  S.S.W. 

from  Hatherldgh. 
**  Grimsgrave,"  the  kistvaen 

in  Langcombe  bottom,  2^ 

miles  S.  by  E.  from  Si  ward's 

Crops. 
See  Elisboroughe. 

See  Hethstone. 

Holne,  or  Hole.  (See  Helle.) 

Near  Cullompton  on  the  eatt 

side  of  River  Chdm. 
Halstock,  1  mile  S.E.   from 

Okehampton.  (Hallestoke, 

RovDCy  275.) 
Near  GtUlompton  on  the  east 

side  of  Culm  River. 
Hawks  Tor,  1   mile  E.S.E. 

from  Shaugh. 
Harter  Brook   head,    W.   of 

South  Hessary  Tor. 
Hurston^  2i  miles  S.S.  W.from 

Chagford.  (Hereston,  RouXj 

272.) 
Harfoni,  If  miles  N.  by  E 

from  Ivyoridge. 
Harford  Moorgate. 
Aunnacomb  (q.v.). 
By  Buckfastleigh. 
Near    Brisxcorthy,    li    mUes 

N.E.  of  Shaugh  Prior. 
Hartiland,  or  Hartland  ^  mile 

N.W.  of  Postbridge. 
Near  Hawks  Tor,  on  Shaugh 

Moor. 
Hele,  J  mile  N.  of  Bickleigh. 


THE  DABTHOOB  PBESEBVATIOK  ASSOCIATIOIT. 


493 


New  6- inch 
Ordnance    Map. 


Name  and  Page. 


Identification. 


99.  S.W. 
89.  S.E. . 


89.  S.E, 


114.  N.W. 
77.  N.W. 
114.  N.W. 


99.  S.W. 
113.  S.W. 


118.  N.W. 

106.  N.E. 

107.  S.W. 

106,  N.E. 

107.  S.W. 


106.    N.E.    & 

107.  S.W. 
89.  S.E, 


118. 


Heatherland,  45 

Hethstone,  53  ;  Heath 
Stone,  91  ;  Heath's 
Stone,  88  ;  Geston,  53 ; 
Yeston,  53 ;  Halfstone, 
82 ;  Langestone,  6 


Heighestone,    6  ;     High- 
stone,  53;  Hingeston,  53 


Helle,  40.        .        .        . 
Helston,  15     . 
Henbery  (Downe)  &  Hen- 
bery  Woode,  plate  2    . 
Herewill,  154  . 
Herterland,  45 

Herte8lake,44;  Hnitlake, 

«/  4  ■  •  •  • 


Hescumbe,  105 

Hessary,  North,  89  ;  His- 

sary,  Easter,  88    . 
Hessary,  South,  89  ;  His- 

sary,  Souther,  88 . 
Hisworthie,  Great,  53, 55 ; 

Hesworthy,  North,  6 ; 

Hessworthy,  North,  82 
Hiswortliie,  Little,  53,55; 

Hesworthy,  South,  6 ; 

Hessworthy,  South,  82 
Hysf ochres,  105 ;  Ysf other 

6  ;  Ysforther,  6   . 
Hethcort«,  35  . 

Hethfeld,  162 . 

He  vetre  (mill  and  farm),  1 1 


g 


Near  Herterland  or  Hartland 
(q.v.). 

A  pillar  or  menhir,  the  base 
of  which  is  still  standing, 
5  ft.  high,  near  the  S.Teign, 
between  Femworthy  and 
Metheral,  to  the  right  of 
the  old  road  from  Exeter 
through  Chagford  to  Post- 
bridge,  &c.,  opposite  the 
nineteenth  milestone.  (See 
Britannia  DepvctOy  or  Ogilby 
Impraifdf  4th  edition,  Lou' 
don,  1753.  See  also  Devon. 
Assoc.  voL  xxiv.  pp.  423, 
424. 

Gidleigh  Menhir,  or  Long- 
stone,  2  miles  S.S.W.  from 
Gidleigh.  (See  Devon,  ^moc. 
vol.  xxiv.  pp.  422,  423.) 

Holne.    (See  Hall.) 

Error  for  Belston  (q.v.). 

Hembury  Wood,  &c.,  11  miles 
N.N.  W.  of  Buckfastleigh, 

artland,  ^  mile  N.W.  of 
Postbridge. 

(Hortelake,i2otue,275.)  ''Hor- 
tonsford  Lake*'  tributary  of 
ErmCy  1  mile  below  Erme 
nead.—A.B.F.  Or'^Hux- 
lake,'*  tributary  of  Erme  on 
left  hankf  dose  to  Redlake 
Foot.—R.  B. 

Harscombe,  J  mile  S.E.  from 
Bickleigh. 

North  Hessary  Tor,  above 
Prince  town. 

South  Hessary  Tor,  1  mile 
S.E.  from  Princetown. 


North  Hessary  Tor. 


South  Hesaaiy  Tor. 

Hessary  Tors. 

/  Near  Hethstone  (q.v.),  perhaps 

Femworthy, 
In  Shaugh  parish. 
(Hevytru,  jBouhj,  269.) 


494     PLACS-KAMES  IN  YOL.  L  OF  THE  FUBUCATIONS  OF 


New  6-inoh 
Ordnamcb  Map. 


Nave  and  Page. 


Identificatiom. 


107.  8.E. 


88.  N.R 


77. 


64.  S.E. 

114. 
107.  S.R 


89. 

89.  S.E. 
89. 
113.  S.E. 


Hextenworth,  18,  158 ; 
Hextworthy,  26;  Hex- 
worthy,  86,  89;  Hex- 
worthie,  112 

Hight  WyU,  42 


57.  N.W.       . 

HillesdoD,  106 

89.  N.E. 

Hille,  a)  (see  Stouthill)  . 

100,  N.W.     . 

Hockneton,8;  Hokyn,39 

114.  N.W.      . 

114.N.W.,al80 
107,108,113 

107  S.E. 

Holne,  117;  Hole,  68, 69, 

70,81,85     . 
Holl,   149;    HoU   More, 

146;  Holm,  South,  43; 

Holmore,    South,   43 ; 

Southolnemore,     119  ; 

Holmore,  45 
Hole  Park,  68 
Holeshead,  90 

» 

Hollobrook  Foot,  89 

118.S.TF.      . 

Horingbrok,106;  Horyng- 
brok,  106     . 

118.  N.  W.     . 

Horford  Work,  43  . 
Horaford,  106  . 

Hound  Torr,  little,  82; 
Hunde  Torre,  little,  6 ; 
Houndetorr,  little,  53  . 


Houpemont,  Water  of,  42 

Howkemer  Wood,  plate  2 
Huccaby,xxvi.,89;  Hoke- 
caby,  135  ;  Hookerby, 
85  .  .  . 
Hugh  Lake,  91 
Hugh  Stone,  91 
Hugh  Thorn,  91  . 
Huntington  Cross,  88 

Huntington  Foot,  89 


Hexworthy,  1  mile  W.  by  S. 
of  Dartmeet. 


High  WiUis,  or  High  Will- 
hays,  4  miles  E.  of  Brides- 
towe.  The  highest  point  on 
Dartmoor,  2040  feet 

Hillersdon,  1}  miles  W.  by 
N.  from  Cculompton. 

SwUh  HiU,  1  mUe  N.E.  of 
Kestor,  in  Chagford  pariih. 

Hookney^  or  Hockner,  i^  miles 
S.W.  of  North  Bovey.  (Ho- 
kyn,  Rowe,  272.) 

Home,  3  miles  W.  of  Ash- 
burton. 


s 


Holne  Moor. 
Holne  Park. 
Newtakes,  near  Hexworthy 

(q.v.). 
Obrook  Foot,  |  mile  above 

Dartmeet. 
Hurrabrookjtrilmtaryof  Meavy 

River,  1^  miles  S.  of  Bick- 

leigh. 

Vrrf  over  brook,  N.  of  Pethill, 
2  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Shuugh. 

*'Shellstone  HiU/"  1  mile  S.E. 
from  Cosdon  (see  *^  Devon. 
Assoc,  "vol.  XXIV.  p.  4^0), or 
a  tvmiulus-crovmed  hiU,  § 
mile  N.  by  E.  of  Hound  Tor, 

Okement  River,  between  Bright- 
ley  Bridge  arid  Okehampton. 

Near  Buckfastleigh. 

Huccaby,  ^  mile  W.  of  Dart- 
meet. 

See  Whoodelake. 
See  Fewstone. 


B 


untingdon   Cross,  4  miles 
N.N. W.  of  South  Brent. 
West    Wallabrook    loot,    at 
Huntingdon  Cross. 


THK  DARTMOOR  PRESERVATION  ASSOCIATION. 


495 


NkW  6-IlfCH 

Ordnanok    Map. 


Name  amd  Paob. 


iDBNTIFICATIOir. 


lis.  S.E. 


113  &  119 


» 


90.  S.W. 
89.  S.E. 


77.  N.W. 

114. 
114.  S.E. 

100.  N.W. 

99.  N,E. 

131.  S.W. 


57.  N.W. 


113.  N.W. 
114. 

114.  N.W. 


112.  N.E. 


112.  N.W. 
99.  S.E. . 


13.  S.E. 


Hurtwalleiiy  105 


Irm(«predade"),20      . 

Iron,  22  . 

Jockett's  Mear,  33  . 
Jurston,  39      .        .        . 
Jutsone,      85 ;      Higher 
JuTBton,  40  . 

Kakking  Mill,  45    . 
Kelston,  40     .        .        . 
Kenton,  95      .        .        . 

Kenyton  Parke,  plate  8  . 
Kilbury,  118   . 

Kingdon,  8 ;  Kyndon,  39 

Kinge^B  Oven,  53 ;  King'B 
Oven,  12 ;  King's  Arai, 

«/!■  .  .  .  . 

KingeBton,  117 


Kyngesmill,  106      . 

Knapwere,  43 . 
Knattleboroughe,  53 
Knolthome,  plate  2 
Kyllaforde,  131 


Laddretorre,  24 ;  Ledder- 
torr,  37 ;  Laddretorre 
Combe,  24;  Laddertor- 
comb,  33;  Liddercomb, 

Of  •  «  •  • 

Lak,  105. 

Lake,  90;  Lakehevede,21 ; 
Lackhead,  45 

Lower  Marsh,  44,  45 
Langacre,  117 . 


(/)  HurdwaUen;  (from  Hynt 
'B' thicket,  or  brake).  A 
thicket  near  Merchcmtrs  OrosSf 
and  i  mile  S.E,  of  Meow. 
—A,  B.  P. 

Pasturage    district   .  around 

Erme  River. 
Error  for  Lm  (q.v.). 

(?) 

JurstoD,  8  miles  S.  of Chafi^ord. 
Hurston,    |   mile    S.W.    of 
Jurston. 

Error  for  Belston  (q.v.). 
Kenton,  6  mUes  8.  by  E,  of 

Exeter. 
Near  BuckfiBistle^h, 
Kilnburv,   ^   mue    S.E.    of 

Buckustleigh. 
Kendon,    2    miles   S.W.    of 

North  Bovey. 
Kimj's  Oven,  2^  miles  N.W. 

of  Postbridge.    (See   also 

Furnum  Regis.) 
Kinpton,  3  miles  S.S.W.  from 

Modbury,  and  near  Erme 

mouth.   (See  Riadon,  1811, 

p.  182.) 
Kmg's  Mill,  on  Culm  River, 

N.E.  of  Cullompton* 

See  Qnattleshill. 
Near  Buckfastlei^h. 
Cullaford  or  Colliford,  1  mile 

S.  by  E.  from  Holne.    (See 

Coleford.) 

Leather  Tor  and  Combe,  1| 
miles  E.  from  Walkhamp- 
ton.  (Ledtorre,  Rotve,  271 ; 
Leddercombe,  Rotoe,  271.) 

Lake,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Meavy. 
One  of  the  two  flELrms  usualbr 

called  Believer,  on  the  S.E. 

slope  of  Lakehead  Hill. 
Next  to  Lackhead. 
Lankey  or  Landkey,  3  miles 

E.  by  S,  of  Barnstaple. 


496      PLACE-NAMES  IN   VOL.  L  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


Nkw  0-uich 
OftDNAVOB   Map. 


Name  amo  Page. 


Identipicatiok. 


76.  8.K 


64. 

89.  aK 

107.  N.K 

57.  N.W. 

114 
118.  N.K 

76.  S.W. 


88.  S.W. 
108.  S,  W. 

46.  S.W. 

90.  S.W. 

111.  S.E. 

112.  S.E. 

89.  S.E. . 
98.  N.E. 

98.  N.K 

57.  N.W. 

lis. 


Langafoid,  or  SandTford, 
54,  82  . 

Langbear,  42  . 
Langestone,  6  . 


Lartercombfoote,  115; 

Laushter  Combe,  90    . 
Larternole,   112  ;    Lafter 

Hole,  90 

Lathemere,  106 

Laverens  Mede,  plate  2   . 
Leawode,  7      .        .        . 

Leden  Combe,  133 ;  Luden 
Comb,  130  ;  Lud  en- 
comb,  136 ;  Ludecomb, 
140 ;  Ludden  Comb, 
124;  Ludon  Comb,  128 
LuddoD,  128 

Leede  Yeat,  129 

Leweneston,  8 . 

Linor,  106       . 

Litterford,  39  . 

Little  Torre,  95 
Lobbapilla,  105,  106 

Louyngton,  40 


Lowton  Borough,  88 

LuUingesete,  54 ;  Lunn- 
ingesfote,  6  . 

Lunsborough,  82 ;  Lins- 
borough,  88,  89  ;  Lun- 
tesborowe,  64 

Luttekeshe],  106 


Luytock  Bewest,  44 


A  ford  over  Blackaven  Brook^ 
i  mile  N.  of  the  old  bridge 
by  East  Miliar.  {See  Devon, 
Assoc  vol.  xxii.  p.  194-) 

Langabear,  2  miles  S.S.K 
from  Hatherleigh. 

Called  elBewhere  Hethetone, 
q.v.  (See  Devon.  Assoc  voL 
24,  p.  423.) 

By  East  Dart  River,  S.K  of 
Laughter  Hole. 

Laughter  Hole  (or  Hall),  1  j 
miles  KN.W.  of  Dart- 
meet 

Near  Cullompton,  on  the 
south. 

Near  Buckfastleigh. 

Lee  Woody  2  miUs  S.E.  from 
Shangh. 

Linnacomb,  1^  miles  N.  by 
K  from  Sourton. 


(See  Lyd.) 

LeiLsdon,  i  miles  S.  by  W.  from 

Widecomhe. 
Leonards,  2  miles  N.W.  from 

Cullompton. 
Liddaford,   2J   miles  W.   of 

North  Bovey. 

(?) 

Lophill,  2^  miles  S.S.W.  from 

Biickland  Monachorum. 
Lovaton,  |  mile  S.S.E.  from 

Meavy.  (Lonnington,  i2oic«, 

273.) 
Lmcton   Tor  {?),  near  Fern- 

worthy. 
The  foot  of  South  Lints  Tor, 

about   1    mile  W.   of  the 

summit;  nearWapsworthy. 
South   Lints  Tor,   3^  miles 

N.E.  from  Petertavy. 

Near  Cullompton,  on  the 
S.W.  (See  Risdony  1811, 
p.  87.     **  Lottockshell.'') 

Quykbeme  (q.v.)  or  QuiMeaTn- 
hill.  (Quyocke  Bemefote, 
Rotoe,  274.) 


THE  DABTMOOB  PBE8EBVATI0N  ASSOCIATION. 


497 


New  6-inch 
Ordnance    Map. 

Name  and  Page. 

Identification. 

88.  S.W. 

Lyd, 9      .          .          .          . 

Lydford. 

M 

Lydford,  l,&c.;  Lydeford, 

Lydford.      (Lideford,    Boioef 

47,150;  Lvdeforde,47; 
Lyddeffora,  47  ;    Lid- 

267,  and  Ledeford,  Rowe^ 

264.) 

• 

ford,  74        .        .        . 

M 

Ludford,  1 3 ;  Ludeford,l  5 1 

Lydford. 

106,  S.W.       . 

Lygh,  106        . 

Lee  Town,  |  mile  W.N.W.  of 
Huckworthy    Bridge,    in 

124.  S.E. 

Lynham,  107  . 

Sampford  Spiney  parish. 
Lynham,  1  miUN.  o/YecUmp' 

pton. 
A  moor-gate  near   Qidleigh 

77  or  89. 

Lypeycitte,  East,  plate  1  . 

and  Throwleigh. 

100.  N.E.       . 

Manaton,  plate  1;  Manna- 

Manaton,  2  miles  W.  of  Lost- 

toD,  48  ;  MaDotOQ,  40  . 

leigh. 

89.  S.W. 

Mangersford,  96 

A  fom  over  N.  Teign  River, 
at  Teigvrhead  Bridge^  and 
hu  foot  of  Manga  Brook  anil 
Manga  H%U.—A,  B,  F,    Or 

near  Manger  Rock,  |  mile 

furilur  down  river. — K.  B. 

Margaretlond,  40     . 

In  Tavistock  parish.   (Mar- 
garet Land,  Rowe,  273.) 

9a  S.W. 

Marytavy,  66,  80,  81 

Marytavy,  3  miles  N.N.W. 
from  Tavistock. 

May  burgh,  162 

In  Bickleigh  parish. 

118.  S.W.       . 

MaynstoncroR8a,  106 

Near    Mainstone,    H    miles 

N.E,  of  Ego  Buckland, 
Mainstone,  l|  miUi  N.E.  of 

>» 

Maynstonkvilla,  106 

Egg  Buckland. 

112.  N.W.      . 

Meavie,     143 ;      Mevye, 
plate   1 ;    Mewey,  40 ; 
Mewe,  40    . 

Meavy. 

106  &  112.     . 

Mewy  (River),  105  . 

Meavy  River. 

99.  S.E. 

Merepitt,  128 ;    Meriput, 

18 ;  Meriputt,  156 

Merripitt,  near  Postbridge. 

»> 

Merry  pit,  Eyre,  90  . 

Higher  Merripit,  near  Post- 
bridge. 

9.  S.W. 

Merewode,  or   Merwode. 

Marwood,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 

117      ...        . 

Barnstaple. 

98.  S.  W. 

Meuborough,  54 ;  Mewy- 

White  Tor,  2  miles  E.  of  Mary- 

burghe, 6     .        .        . 

tavy.      (See  Devon.   Assoc. 

vol.  XXIV.  p.  4^.) 

76.  S.E. 

Milltor,  42      . 

West  Mi  I  tor,  2^  miles  south 
of  Okehampton. 

98.  S.K 

Mistorr,  105  ;  Mystor,  6  ; 

Great  Mifltor,  5  miles  E.  by 

Mister,  Great,  88 

N.  of  Tavistock. 

106,&98.S.E. 

Mistorr  Moore,  53   . 

The  moor  aroundGreat  Mistor. 

98.  S.E. 

Mi8torrpan,53;  Mistorpan 

Mistor  Pan,  a  large    "rock 

55,89;  Mis-Torrepann, 

basin"    on    top   of   Great 

82;  MiBtorpanna,  105  . 

Mistor. 

498      PLACK-NAMES  IN  VOL.  L  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


NKW  O-UfCH 

Ordnamck  Map. 

Namx  and  Paob. 

Idsmtifioatiom. 

125.  S.E. 

ModbuiY,  19   . 
Monkenbucklond,  165 

Modbury. 

III.  N.E.        . 

Buckland  Monachorum(q.v.). 

Moor  Way,  95 

Bv  Little  Torre,  q.v. 

^oor  gate,  on  the  Moreton 

90.  S.W. 

Moretowne  Yeat,  130 

road,   l^  miles   north    of 

Qrimspound. 

46;  S.W. 

Morston,  106  . 

Moorstone,  1^  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  Cullompton. 

113.  n:w.    . 

Nannecroes,    82 ;    Nun's 

Siward's,  or  Nun's  Cross,  2^ 

Cross,  6       .        .        . 

miles  S.S.K  of  Prince- 
town. 

lis,  N.E.      . 

Nattin^    Borough,     87 ; 
Notting  Borough,  81 ; 

Ryder^s  HUl,  3  miUi  W.  of 

Hohit. 

Qnattleshill,  53 ;  Knat- 

tleborouffhe,  53    . 
Netelham  Stappys,  42     . 

77.  N.W,       . 

A  ford  across  East  Okement 

River,  from  BdsUme  Com- 

mon to  Halstock  Down, — 

J 

KB. 

106.  N.W.      . 

Nettlye,  75      .        .        . 

Nuttley,  li  miles  KN.E. 
from  Tavistock. 

Neumede,  155 

(X) 

Neuton  Come,  134  . 

h\ 

112.  N.E.       . 

Newelcombe,  96 

Valley  west  of  Siward's  Cross, 
containing  Newleycombe 
r^ake,  a  tributary  of  the 
Meavy  River. 

lU. 

Neweparke,  plate  2 . 

Near  Buckfastleigh. 

Newe  Yeat,  130,  131,  139 

a) 

99.  N.E. 

New  House  Wall,  22 
New  Wall,  134;    Newe 

New  Housey  near  Postbridge, 
The  ^^ancienf*  house  stood 
on  the  other  side  of  the  road, 
a  little  further  west, — R.B. 

Wall,  130,  137,  139      . 

Near  Sourton. 

57.  N.W. 

Nywelond,  106 

Near  Cullompton. 

114.       . 

Northwoode,  plate  2 
North  Dickenton  Yeatte, 

Near  Buckfastleigh. 

plate  1          .        .        . 

See  Dickenton. 

100.  N.W.  or 

North  Worthied,  39 

'' Natsvxrrthy,''  S  miles  N.  of 

S.W.  . 

Widecomhe;  or  ''North- 
vxiy"  dose  to  JVidecwnhe, 
on  the  east.  (North  Werthie- 
hed,  Rowe,  272.) 

107.  S.E. 

Oakbrookfoot,    44,     45 ; 

Obrook,   tributAry  of   West 

Okebrok,      6 ;       Oke- 

Dart,  near  Huccaby,  |  mile 

brokysfote,  6 

above  »Dartmeet 

Ocdeydehull,24;  Okeday 
Hill,  33,  37  ;  Odehull, 

(?) 

31         ...         . 

(Ordehall,  Rowe,  271.) 

THE  DABTMOOR  PRE8EBVATI0N  ASSOCIATION. 


499 


New  6-imch 

OaDNAKCB     Ma.p. 


Name  and  Page. 


iDBRTIPICATIOir. 


125.  N.E. 

76.  N.E. 


107.  N.E. 
112,  S.E. 


113,  119,  120, 
57.  N.W. 


99.  S.E. 


w 


98.  S.W. 


114. 

113.  N.W. 


113.  N.W. 
124.  N.W. 
67.  N.W. 
89.  N.E. 
76.  S.W. 

107.  N.W. 


118.  N.W. 


Ogborough,  49 ;  Oug- 
borowe,  plate  I  . 

Okehanipton,  xxiii.,  7,  9 ; 
OkhamptoD,  51  ;  Oak- 
hamptoD,  1 1, 42;  Oken- 
ton,  plate  1  . 

Ollesbrom,  18,  157  . 

Olyaka,  106     . 
Okeley,  133     . 
Owne,  53         .        .        . 
Padokbrok,  106 

Pallerd'8Wall,37;  Piller- 
deswell,  37  ;  Pollerdis- 
well,  24  ;  Pollarde's 
Wall  leyn,  33     . 

Peasewell,  63;  Piswell, 
89 ;  Pusswell,  63 ;  Pis- 
hull,  11,  12,22;  Puss- 
hiU,  8  ;  Pushull,  13  ; 
PuUeshull,  27       . 

Peselford,  45   . 

Peselsmyth,  45 

Petertavy,  57,  76,  76,  80 ; 
Peter  Tavy,  95 ;  Petura- 
jjavy,  40       .         .         . 

Philips  Parke,  plate  2 

Plymcrundla,  105    . 


Plymhead,  82 ;  Plim- 
headd,  53    . 

Plympton,  7, 105;  Plump- 
ton,  74         .        .        . 

Pontelbrd,  106 

Portworthy,  151 

Preely  More,  121 ;  Preve- 
ley  Moore,  128;  Prevely 
Moore,  137  . 

Princehall,  90 ;  Prince 
Hall,  xxvL ;  Prynshall, 
44 ;  Prinshill,  46 ; 
Prynce  Hall,  132 

Purpris,  105    .         . 


Ugborou^h,  3  miles    K    of 
Ivybridge. 


Okehampton. 

Ollsbrim,  1  mile  E.  by  N. 

from  Dartmeet 
(/)  On  Heavy  River,  near  Yeo, 

1  mile  E.  of  Meavy  village. 

0)  • 

Avon,  or  Aune,  River. 

Pe  brook,  close  to  CoUomp- 

ton,  on  the  south. 
(PiUardeswell  and  Pollardes- 

wallen,  Rotoey  271.) 

o 

Pizwell,  on  the  Wallabrook, 
Ij  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Post- 
bridge.  (Pushyll,  Rouoe, 
259,  267.) 

Pizwell  Ford. 

Petertavy,  3  miles  N.E.  from 
Tavistock.  (Petarsetavie, 
Roioe,  273.) 

Near  Buckfastleigh. 

Old  village  enclosure^  near 
Plijm  StepSf  on  the  north, 
{See  Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxiv. 
pp.  4J26,  427.) 

Source  ol  Piym  River,  4  miles 
E.  of  Sheepstor. 

Plympton. 

Pondsford,  1  mile  W.  of  Cul- 

lumpton. 
Bativorthyy  1  mile  S.E.  from 

Gidleigh. 
Prewley  Moor,  ^  mile  N.W. 

of  Sourton. 

Prince  Hall,  between  Two 
Bridges  and  Dunnabridge. 


Purps,  a  farm  ^  mile  S.  by 
W.  from  Shaugh  Prior. 


600      PLACE-NAMES  IN  VOL.   I.  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


Nkw  0-ikch 
Oromaitck    Map. 


Namb  and  Paok. 


IDEMTIFICATION. 


112.   N.E. 


106.        . 
118.  N.W. 


113.       . 


56.  S.W. 


106.  N.W.      . 


99.  S.E. 
88.  S.Ei. 


120.  N.W.      . 
113.  N,  W.      . 


113.    S.E.    & 
S.W. 


98.  N.E. 

99,  S.E, 

107.  S.E. 


107.  N.E.       . 


112.  &  118.    . 


Pyke  Yeatte,  west,  plate  1 

Pytchclyflf,  40 
Pudehel,  106  . 

Quykbeme,  97 


Raddon,  117    . 

Raddyche,  40 ;  Radge,  75 

Rakemebrokysfote,  6 
Ranage,    78 ;    Ren  nidge 

o9  ... 

Rattlebrooke,  54 ;  Rattle 

brook,  88     . 

Rattry,  136      . 

Reddicliff  Head,  89 

Redegippe,  37 

Rede  Lake,  6  ;    Redlake 

53,  81,  88,  89,  97 
Redlake,  35     . 

Redlake,  Wester,  54;  Red 
lakeconibe,  113    . 

Renewith,  12,  26,  156 
Renewyth,  23,  159 
Ren  with,  18,  21,  37 

Rewe,  Le,  112 


Riddon,  126 ;  Ryddon, 
142,147,  148;  Reddon, 
132 ;  Riddani,  89 

Roburg  (Hundred  of),  8  ; 
Rugneburgh,l06 ;  Row- 
borroughe,  118     . 

Rowborroughe  Downe, 
118      ...         . 


A  moor-gate  near  Peek  Hill, 
1  mile  east  of  Walkhamp- 
ton.  (PeekeQate,(%trr»7t^t<m, 
Ixxii.) 

In  Tavistock  pariBh.  (Pyt- 
checlyff,  Eowe,  273.) 

Pethill,  2  miles  S,S.W.  fr<m 
Shaugh  Prior, 

Quickbeam  Hill,  1  mile  north 
of  Three  Barrows  Tor. 
(Quyocke  Bemefote,  JSouw, 

274.) 

Raddou,    3j^    miles    RN.K 

from  Crecuton.  {SeeRisdofiy 

1811,  pp.  94,95.) 
Radge,     close     to     Harford 

Bridge,    2  miles   N.E.  of 

Tavistock. 
Rattlebrook  Foot  (q.v.). 
Runnage,  1  mile  east  of  Post- 
bridge. 
Rattlebrook,  tributary  of  Tavy 

River,  west  of  Amicombe 

Hill. 
Rattery,   2  miles    S.S.E.   of 

Dean  Prior. 
Source  of  a  brooks  1  mile  N.E. 

froin  Eylcsharrow, 
See  Bidegrip. 
Redlake,  tributary  of  Erme 

River. 
Probably  the  tributary  of  Erme 

just  mentioned. 
Redlake,  tributary  of  Tavy, 

east  of  Stanon  Hill. 
Runnaye,  1  mile  east  of  Post- 

bridye. —  R.  B. 

A  stone  rov)^  or  " Reave"  near 
Wennaford  Brook  (.?),  \\ 
miles  N.W.  of  Hohie. — 
A.  B.  P. 

Riddon,  21  miles  S.E.  of 
Postbridge. 

Roborough  Hundred,  in  S.W. 
of  Devon. 


Roborough  Down. 


THE  DABTMOOR  PRESERVATION  ASSOCIATION. 


501 


Nbw  6-lnch 
Ordnanck    Map. 


Name  and  Paoc 


iDENTinCATIOK. 


57.  iV.  W. 
112,  N,  W. 
119.  N.E. 


114. 
76.  S,K 


106..  N.W. 

106.  N.E, 

112.  S.E. 
112.  S.E. 


106.  S.W. 


n 


65. 

76.  S.E. 
107.  S.K 
114.  S.W. 


77.  N.E. 


118.  N.W. 


112.  N.E. 


Bothneafordbrigg,  106 

Row,  57  . 

Rowe  rew,  Le,  50    . 


Rowedon,  plate  2    . 
Rowetor,  42     . 


Rulestorre,  75,  76    . 

Rundlestone,  88,  89 

Rydemore,  106 
Rynmore,  118,  161,  162, 
163      .        .         .         . 


Samford.   116,  plate    1 ; 

Sampford,  55,  96 . 
Sampford    spanley,   40; 

Sampford  spynie,  143 ; 

Samtord  Spinee,  106    . 
Sampford  Courtney,   56, 

61         .         .         .         . 
Sandyford  or  Langaford, 

64,  82  . 
Sandyford,  81 . 

Sciredon,8;  Shiridon,40; 
Skyrdon,  149 


Sedilburgh  Hill.  96  ;  Se- 

dylburgh  Hill,  36 
Sele,  40  . 

Shapen  Wene,  42    . 

Shagh,  162  ;  Shawe,  40  ; 
Schagh,  105  ;  Shaye, 
plate  1         .        .        . 

Sheepstor,x.,61 ;  Schites- 
tor,105;  Shite8torr,106; 
Scite8torr,106;  Shistor, 
118,  161  ;  Shittestor, 
161  ;  Shittestour,  161, 
162;  Schytstor,  plate  1 


A  bridge  at  N.  end  of  Oul- 

lompton. 
?  Knoid,  close  to  WaXkhom/pton 

on  the  weai. 
A    stone-row,    or    "reave," 

south    of    Three    Barrow 

Tor. 
Close  to  Buckfastleigh. 
Rough    Tor    or    Routor,    2 

mues  S.  by  E.  from  Oke- 

hampton. 
Rolls  Tor,  I  mile  N.  by  W. 

from  Merivale  Bridf^. 
Rundlestone,  1  mile  N.W.  of 

Princetown. 
Ringmoor.    (See  next  line.) 
Ringmoor    Down,   south    of 

Sheepstor. 


Sa^ford     Spiney,     N.     of 

Walkhampton. 
Sampford     Spiney,     N.     of 

Walkhampton. 

Sampford  Courtenay,  N.K  of 
Okehampton. 

See  Langaford. 

Same  as  OrefeUdf  or  DryfMj 
Ford,  (g.v.) 

Skerraton,  or  Skeriton,  in 
parish  of  Dean  Prior,  21 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  South 
Brent.  (Scvredon,  Shire- 
don,  and  Skyridon,  Rowe^ 
274.) 

(?)  Sodilburghill,  Rmoe,  275.) 
South  Zeal,  4  miles  E.  by  S. 

of  Okehampton. 
Between    High    WiUis    a/nd 

Sourton. 


Shaugh  Prior. 


Sheepstor. 


502      PLACE-NAMES  IN  VOL.  L  OF  THE  PIXBUCATIONS  OF 


NbW  6-INCH 

Obdnahob    Map. 


Name  akd  Paqb. 


iDEMTinOATXOH. 


107.  S.E. 


107.  N.E. 

112.  N.K 
114. 

118.  N,E. 

lis.  N.E. 


97.  N.W. 

107.  N.E. 

67.  N.W. 
113.  S.E. 

112.  S.E. 


100.  N.  W. 
76.  S.W. 


» 


Sheppeistore,  42 

Shirebourne,  12 ;  Sher- 
borne, 24,  33, 89 ;  Sher- 
born,  123 ;  Sherbome- 
croft,  33  ;  Sherborne 
Croft,  37 ;  Sherborne 
foot,  44,  45  ;  Shurbora 
Foote,  135  ;  Sherborne 
Street,  24 ;  Sherborne 
Wood,  23     .        .        . 

Sherling,  11 ;  Sherlyns, 
24,  33,  37;   Sherlond, 

Sherwell,"  12,  78  ;  Shir- 
weU,  39       .        .        . 

Shidford,40    . 
Shippen  Parke,  plate  2    . 
Shirigge,  or  Shirogge,  13. 
Shitaburgh,  106      . 

Sholeford,  95;  Scholla- 
forda,  105    . 

Shortermead,  21 
Sidnhain,  55    . 

Skorffrogge,  96 
Slade^  41 


Smalabrok,  106 
Smallbrook  Foot,  50 

Snialacumba,  105 

Smalacumbacrosse,  105 
Smalacombalak,  105 


Smyth  Yeate,  114   . 
Somerclay,  Sowth,  123    . 

Sourton,  42,  124,  144; 
Sorton,  60 ;  Surton, 
144, 145 ;  Sourton  Yeate 
145       ...         . 

Stourton,  40    . 


Somewhere  between  High  JFiUu 

and  Sourton, 
Sherberton,  3^  miles  K  from 

Princetown.      (Shirbones- 

crofte,  Boioe,  271.) 


(?)    (Shirlyng,  fiouw,  271.) 
Sherril,  Ij  mSes  N.N.K  from 

Dartmeet.  (Shirwy  11,  i^cnoe, 

272.) 
Error  for  SheepBtor. 
Near  BuckfaMleigh, 

(J) 

Saddleboroughy  1  mile  JB,  of 

Shaugh. 
By    Meayy    River,    close    to 

Head   Weir    of    PlymovJth 

leal  {7). 

0) 

Sydenham,  7  miles  N.W.  of 

Tavistock. 

Slade,  in  East  Dart  Valley, 
2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dart- 
meet. 

A  tiny  hroohy  running  east 
through  Gullompton. 

**  Small  Brooky^  1^  miles  west 
from  Skerilon  or  Sciredon 
{q.v.). 

*^Smallcorribe  JVood^*  is  ^  mile 
S.  W.  from  Sheepstor, 

MarchaiU^s  Gross. 

Small  tributary  of  Meavy 
River  just  above  Marchams 
Bridge. 

(?) 

(?)  Shapeley,  2  miles  JV.S.  fV. 

from  North  Bovey. 
Sourton,  1^  miles  E.N.E.  from 
Bridestowe. 


Sourton.       (Sourton,     Rawe, 
275.) 


THE  DAKTMOOB  PBESBKYATION  ASSOCIATION. 


503 


New  6-ikch 
Oadjyancb    Map. 


Namb  AMD  Paos. 


IDBHTITIOATION. 


88.  N.W. 


113.  N.W. 
114, 
118.  S,  W, 

77.  N.E. 


89  or  90. 


66.  S.W. 


99.  N.E. 
114.  S.E. 
119.  N.W.      . 

89.  N.W. 

ISO.  N.  W.      . 

76.  S.E.  d:  88. 
N.E.  . 


1S9  or  126. 


Southerley,    121 ;     Sow- 
therley,  122 ;  Sutherley, 
144, 146 ;  S.  Yeate,  144, 
146;    Sotherley   Yeat, 
136;  Sowtherley  Yeat, 
121,     139 ;     Sotherley 
Wall,   136;   Sutherley 
WaU,  146    ..        . 
Southolnemore,  119 
South  Parke,  plate  2 
Southponde  Uel,  106 
SouthtawtoD,  40,  plate  1 ; 
South     Tauton,     60 ; 
Sowthtawton,  122 
South  Teign,  Manor  of, 
17,  34,  35     . 


Spreyton,  67   . 

Stanburg  Hundred,  7 

Stannon,  90     . 

Stavton,  136    . 

Stealdon,  97 ;    Stayldon, 
136      .        .        .        . 

SteapedoD,  20 . 


Steeryton  Yeatte,  South, 
plate  1         .        .        . 

Steinegtor,  54 ;  Stinka- 
torr,  82        .        .        . 


Stert,  plate  2  . 


Southerly,   1   mile   S.E.    of 
Bridestowe. 


See  Holne. 
Near  Buckfastleigh. 
S(yiah  or  LiUle  FethiU. 
Pudehel. 


See 


South  Tawton. 

In  Riedon's  ^^  Survey  of  the 
County  of  Devon"  (circa 
16S0\  EdUim  of  1811,  p. 
127y  18  the  following  under 
the  heading  of  Chagford: 
"  The  tything  of  South  Teign 
is  ancient  demesne  Uvndy  not 
unaptly  termed  Terra  Regis, 
where  they  are  all  free 
tenants,  one  miU  excepted^ 

Southtenge^Cbmngton^xzsxxii. 
Manor  of  South  Teyng,  do., 
xlvi. 

Spreyton,  7  miles  £.  by  N.  of 
O&ehampton. 

Stanborough  Hundred,  S.E. 
from  Di^tmoor. 

Stanon,  1  mile  N.  of  Post- 
bridge. 

Staverton,  3  miles  S.E.  from 
BuckfeuBtleigh. 

Stalldon,  north  of  Harford, 
west  side  of  River  Erme. 
(Staledon,  fiow,  276.) 

Steeperton  Tor,  south  oi  Taw 
Marsh  Valley,  and  3  miles 
S.  of  Belstone. 

Stippadonj  1^  milesi  N.B.  of 
South  Brent  (?). 

Yes  Tor  or  High  Willis.  {See 
Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxii.  pp. 
193-4.— A,B.F.  OrStinka 
Tor,  1  miU  S.W.  of  High 
Willis.— Vi.B. 

(?)  Stert,  in  parish  ofDiptford, 
2^  miles  8.E.  of  South  Brent. 
Or  Start,  near  Start  Point, 
S.  Devon. 


504      PL4CE-NAMBS  IN  VOL.   I.   OF  THE  PUBLICATIOHS  OF 


New  6-inch 
Ordnance   Map. 


Kamk  and  Paoe. 


Idsntification. 


lorr,  s.  w.    . 


77.  N.W.       . 


VVm    OCCm       m  • 

lis,  N.  W.      . 


108.  N.W.      . 
89.  N.E. 

67.  N.W. 
114^  SJF. 


••  • 


64.  N.R 


88.  N.W. 
79  or  91. 


123. 
107.  S.W. 


57,  N.  W. 
67.  N.W. 

113.  N.W. 


117.  N.E. 
106.  N.W. 
105.  N.E. 


88,  98,  Ac.      . 


Stevon  Head,  89      . 

Sticklepath,  Bridge  of,  122 

Stoddesbrook,  38 
Stoford,  105    . 
Stoke  Clyxusland,  72 

Stone,  96. 

Stouthill,  39    . 

Stoneweya,  106 
Stourton,  40    . 

Stowbrigge,  42 


Suthleie,  21     .        .        . 
Sydelegb,  18, 155    . 
SuttOD,   xviii.,   4 ;    Sutt- 
buD,  4 . 


Sutton,  106      . 

Swancombe,  90 ;  Swan- 
combe  bead,  90;  Swan- 
combe ford,  90     . 

Swenbam,  106 
Sweton,  106    . 

Syward'8Cro8S,6;  Siwardi 
Crux,  105  ;  Seaward's 
Crosse,  53,  55 

Tamerton,  66 ;  Tamerton 

Foliot,  91     . 
Taverton,  75    . 

Tavistock,  14,  66,  57,  74, 
76,  79,  88,  91  ;  Tave- 
stoke,  40 ;  Tavistok, 
106;  Tavistocke,  130, 
131  ;  Tawystoke,  165  . 

Tavie,  River,  1(»5     . 


Source  of  Newleycomhe  Lake, 

I  mile  N.  W,  frvm  Siward^s 

Vross. 
Bridge  over  Taw  River,  at 

Sticklepatb,l^mile8£.N.E. 

from  Belstone. 
IFest  Webhum  Bvver  (?) 
Near  Dousland, 
Stokeclimsland,  in  Cornwall, 

7  miles  W.  of  Tavistock. 
Stone,  1  mile  N.  of  Buckland- 

in-tbe-Moor. 
Soutb  Hill,  1  mile  N.E.  from 

Kestor.     (Soutbill,    Rt^we^ 

272.) 
Stoneyfordj  ^  mile  E,  of  CuU 

lumpton. 
In  *' Bulkefastlegb  "  parish. 

(?)  Error  for  '' Bo%pert4m,"  2 

miles  W,  by  N.  of  Buckfad- 

leigh.  (Stouton,  JRovXy  274.) 
Stow  Bridge,  over  Okement 

River,  between  Jacobstowe 

and  Exboume. 

0) 

Soutberley,  a.v. 

Sowtouy  near  Duneford,*^  LUtle 
DunsfordyOr  Sowton  Manor, ^ 
See  Whites  Devonshire, 
1878-9,   p.   sort. 

Sutton,  or  Plymouth. 

Swinconibe  Head  is  j  mile 
E.  of  Fox  Tor.  Swincombe, 
3  miles  E.  by  S.  from 
Priucetown. 

Near  Gullompton , 

SvUoii,  1  mUe  N,N,W^  from 
Gullompton, 

Siward^s,  or  Nun's,  Cross,  2J 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  Prince- 
town. 

Tamerton  Foliott,  3  miles  N. 

of  Plymouth. 
Tavytown,  or  Taviton,  \  mile 

E.  of  Tavistock. 


Tavistock. 
Taw  River. 


THE  DABTMOOR  PBESEBVATION  ASSOCIATION. 


505 


New  6-imch 
Ordnance    Map. 


Name  and  Page. 


Identification. 


77,  89,  &c.       . 
13.  S.Ej.  . 

89.  N.E. 


89.  S.W. 


89. 


89.  N.E. 


77.  S.E. 


107. 
89,  N.E. 


US.  N.E. 
118,  N.E. 
121. 

118.  N.E. 

119,  N.E. 

77.  S.E. 
89.  S.E. 


105.       . 
125.  N.E. 


VOL.  XXV. 


Tawe,  River,  45 
Tawton,  Bishops,  88 

Ting  Clapper,  88     , 


Ting  Head,  88 

Ting,  North  (River),  82  ; 

Tyng,  6  ;  Ting,  82,  91 ; 

Teign,  39  ;  Teynge,  53 
Teign,  South  (Manor  of), 

17,  34,  35     . 
Tenkenhmhome,     39  ; 

Teyncombe,  161  . 

Throwlegh,  19  ;  Trulegh, 
40  ;  Throwlye,  60  ; 
Throwly,  96;  Throw- 
ley,  plate  1  . 

Thurburnwood,  21  . 

Thurlestone,  6 ;  Thurles- 
ton,  53         .        .        . 


Tipedston,  21  . 

Torr,  106         ..        . 

Torrycomb,  97 

Totnes,  xxv.,  76,  81,  83, 
88, 91  ;  Totnes,  xviiL  . 
Towridge,  95  . 

Tre  Boroughs,  50;   Tri- 
borough,  50  ;  Tryberie  i 
Boroughs,  50 

Trulegh,  40     .         .         . 

Turfehill,  53 ;  Turf  Hill, 
82         .... 


Twynham  (priory  of),  107 
Twyste,  40      .        .        . 

Ugborough,  149 ;  Ug- 
birough,40;  Ogborougn, 
49;  Ougborowe,  plate  1; 
Uggbroughe,  50;  Ugg- 
broughe  Moor,  50 

2   K 


Taw  River. 

Bi^bps- Tawton,  near  Barn- 
staple. 

Old  "Clapper**  Bridge  over 
N.  Teign,  where  Walla- 
brook  joins  it.  (See  Devon. 
Assoc.  voL  xxiv.  p.  422.) 

Source  of  North  Teign  li 
miles  N.W.  from  Cut  Hill. 


North  Teign  River. 

See  South  Teign. 

Teign  combe,    1    mile    S.   of 

Qidleigh.       (Tenkenham- 

home,  Rov>e,  272.) 
Throwleigh,  2  miles  E.    of 

Cawsand  Beacon.    (Throu- 

legh,  Ilow£y  275.) 

Error    for    Sherbom  Wood. 

See  Sherberton. 
An  old  stone  circle^  Ij  miles 

west  from    Gidleiyh.     (See 

Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxiv.  pp. 

4^0,  421.)— A.  B.  P. 

BurratoTj    ^    mile    west    of 

Sheepstor. 
Torry    Brook    Valley,    Lee 

Moor,  S.W.  of  Shell  Top. 

Totnes,  on  the  Dart. 
iSeeHawkridge.  Partqf  Shaugh 

MooTy  near  Hawks  Tor  (/*). 
"Three  Barrows"  tor,  3  miles 

W.N.W.  of  South  Brent. 

Throwleigh  ((j.v.). 

Meihcral  Mar^,  |  mile  S.E. 

of  Femworthy.   (See  Devon. 

Assoc,  vol.  xxiv.  p.  1^4-   ^^ 

also  Alberysfieved.) 

In  Tavistock  parish. 

Ugborough,  3  miles  east  from 
Ivybridge. 


506     PLAOI-NAICKS  IN  VOL.  I.  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


NbwO-ikch 
OsDNANOX   Map. 


Namb  and  Page. 


iDEMTinCATION. 


107  or  108.    . 


9aN.K 


98,   106,  112, 
112.  N.W.      . 


113. 


99  &  107 


99.  N.E. 

99.  N.E. 
99  or  107. 


77.  S.E. 
89.  N.W. 

98.  S.W. 

99.  S.E. 


99.  N.E. 


Y6nefordyeat,142;  Vene- 
foideYeate,  148 ;  Venny- 
fer  yeat,  132 

Vurtorre,  20    . 

Vylethe,  xx.,  27 
Walford,  21     . 
Walkamp  (River),  105    . 


Walkhampton,  24, 51, 57, 
97  ;  WsdcamtOD,  40 ; 
WalkamptOD,  105, 106 ; 
WalkehamptoD,  118, 
161,162,163;Walkyn- 
ton,  plate  1  . 

Wallack  Mill,  45  ;  Well 
Lake  MiU,  44 


Wallabrook,  85,88, 89,91 
Wallebrok  (South),  6, 
53;  Wallebrooke,  53 
Walbrook,  38,  39,  44 
45  ;  Walter  Brook,  78 
Willebrook,  19 ;  Wille 
brok,  160     . 

Wallabrook  Head,  82 
Wallebrokshede,  6,  63 
Wallebrookeheade,  53 

Wallebrok  (North),  6 

Walebrook,  11,21;  Wall 
brook  bound,  23;  Walle 
brookland,  33;  Wal 
brook  land,  37  ;  Wal 
brooklond,  26 

Wallen,  96       . 

Walter  Torr,  91 

Wapsworthie,    113 ;    W 

Hedge,  113. 
Warner,  89      . 


Waterdown,  44,  45  . 


Near  Babeney  and  Eeddon, 
Fur  Tor,  5^  miles  E.  by  S.  ot 
Lydford. 


Walkham  Hiver,  which  joins 
Tavy  near  Buckland  Mona- 
chorum. 

Walkhampton,  4^  miles  S.K 
of  Tavistock. 


The  remains  of  this  old  tin 
mill  are  still  on  the  banks 
of  the  Wollake,  now  called 
Dark  Lake,  or  Black  Lane 
Brook,  which  j  oins  the  Erme 
a  short  distance  below  Erme 
Head. 


South  Walla  Brook,  which 
joins  East  Dart^  1  mile 
above  Dartmeet. 


North  Walla  Brook,  head  of 

the  Bovey  River. 
(?)  SovJth    tFalla  Brook,  and 

land  near  it;  exact  locality 

uncertain. 


Near  Throwleigh. 

Watern  Tor  3  miles  W.S.W. 

from  Qidleigh. 
Waps worthy,   2  miles    N.E. 

from  Mary  tavy. 
An  ancient  tenement  in  South 

Wallabrook  Valley,  ^  mile 

N.N.E.    from    Ranage,   or 


Runnage  (q.v.) 
Waterdon,    or    Water 


2    miles 
bridge. 


N.E.    of 


Hill, 
Post- 


THE  DABTHOOB  PRESIRTATION  ASSOCUTIOH. 


507 


New  6-inoh 
Ordkancs    Map. 


Name  and  Paok. 


Identipication. 


89.  N.W. 


88.  S.W. 


67.  N.W. 

lis. 

113.  S.E. 
113.       . 

113.  N.E. 


113. 


107.  S.E. 
57.  N.W. 


112.  N.E. 


88.  N.E. 


114. 
113.  S.E. 


113.  S.E. 


Waterdontorr,  53;  Water- 
down  Torr,  82 


Waterfall,  9;    Waterval, 

1<5  .  .  •  • 

Waterleta,  106 
Waterwaldbrook,  38 

Welbrook    Foot,    50; 

Wellabroke,  Wester,  6; 
WeUebrooke,  Wester,  53 

Welbrook  Head,  87; 
Wellebrooke  Headd, 
53;  Great  Wellbrook 
Head,  89     .         .        . 

Well  Lake  Mill,  44 . 

Wendford.  23,  31,  112; 
Winford,  90 . 

Wenford  Lake,  112. 

Westeshayes,  106 

Weatlydeford,  117  . 

West  Pyke  Yeatte,  plate  1 
Westor  Yeat,  138    . 
Westworthy,  138     . 
West  SoUe,  6  . 


Whaythill,  plate  2  . 

Whiteborough     (Wester, 
Further,  or  Utter),  60 

Whiteburgh,W ,19 

160      ..        . 

Whyteburghe,  Ester,  6 
Whitaburrowe,  Easter 
53  ;  Whataborough 
Easter,  81  ;  Whita 
borough,  Easter,  88 
Whiteaborough,  89 

2  K  2 


(?)  Rival  Tor,  1}  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Oidleigh.^A.  B.  P. 
From  Ms  to  ike  nextfored- 
boundj  which  is  almost  cer- 
tainly Wallabrook  Foot,  is 
stated  (in  the  1608  Perarnbu- 
lotion)  to  be  ^^  near  a  myle." 
It  is  by  measurement  i  of  a 
miUy  whereas  "  Watem  Tor,** 
which  is  often  identified  vrUh 
Waterdontorr  is  more  than 
1^  miles.  See  also  remarks 
upon  position  of  ^^ Little** 
Hound  Tor,  in  Devon.  Assoc 
vol,  xxvv.  pp.  4^1-4JSg. 

Watervale,  i  mile  S.E.  of 
Lydford.  (Water£alle,i2otoe, 
268.) 

Hear  Cullompton. 

Error  for  WesterwaHhrooky  or 
West  Walla  Brook  (T). 


West  Walla  -Brook,  tribu- 
tary of  Avon  River. 


See  Wallack  Mill. 
Wennaford,     or     Venford, 
Brook,   west  of  Benchy 
Tor. 

Near  Cullompton. 
West  Lydford,  6^  miles  S.E. 
from  Qlastonbury,  Somerset. 
See  Pyke  Yeatte. 

^ordsland  Ledge,  S.  W.  of  High 

Willis.     See  Devon  Assoc. 

vol.  xxii.  p.  193. 
Near  Bucktastleigh. 
Western    White    Barrow,    1 

mile  S.W.  of  Huntingdon 

Cross. 


F( 


Eastern  White  Barrow,  |  mile 
S.  by  E.  from  Huntingdon 
Cross. 


508      PLACE-NAMES  IN  VOL.   L  OF  THE  PUBLICATIONS  OP 


Nbw  6-inch 
Ordnance   Map. 


Name  and  Page. 


Identification, 


98.  S.£. 
105.  S.E. 


89. 


100.  S.W. 


118.  N.W.  & 
S.W. 


98.  N.W. 
ion,  N,  W,     . 

89.  N.W. 
89.  S.E. 

107.  S.E. 

107.  S.E. 

118.  N.W.      . 
113.  N.W.      . 


100.  N.W.,  or 
S.W.  . 


Whitaborough,  88   , 

Whitechurche,  40 ;  Whit- 
church, 56;  Whitte- 
churche,  plate  1  . 

Whitepitte,  44 

Whoodelake,  53 ;  Wood- 
lake,82;  HughLake,91 


Widdicombe,  39,  63,  64, 
65,  66,  78,  79  ;  Widde- 
combe,63 ;  Widecombe, 
112;  Withicombe,  58, 
76,  77,  84,  85  86,  88, 
94;  Withicomb-in-the- 
Moor,58 ;  Whitecombe, 
39  ;  Wydecomb,  123    . 

Willebroke,  106      . 


Willesworthe,  40 ;  Wols- 
worthie,  60  . 

William   Meed,   44,   45 ; 

Wylly  Meade,  132 
Willtorrwill,  91 

Willuhed,  40  . 


Wobrookefoote,  53  ;  Wo- 
brook  Foot,  81,  82 

Wodeford,  21  . 
Wokeford,  31  . 


Woldford,  23  . 
Wolewille  (Cross  ot),  106 

Woodlake  Head,  89 


Worthied,  North,  39 


White  Barrow,  H  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Great  Mistor. 

Whitchurch,  Ij  miles  S.E. 
from  Tavistock.  (White- 
church,  RowCy  273.) 

In  upper  Erme  VaUey, 
(Whitepytte,  Rowe,  276.) 

IVallabrook,  which  joins  Tei^ 
near  Gidleigh  circle.  {^ 
Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxii.  pp. 
196, 197. 

Widecombe  -  in  -  the  -  Moor. 
(Withy combe,  Rowe,  281.) 
(Whitecole,  Rotoe,  272.). 
(Wydecombe,  Roioe,  267.) 


TribtUary  of  Meavy  River, 
coming  E.S.E.  from  Wool- 
well,  one  mile  S.W.  from 
Bickleigh, 

Willsworthy,  2^  miles  S.E. 
from  Lydfoixl.  (Willes- 
worth,  Rovx,  275.) 

Som£  enclosed  land  near  Sonth 
Wallahrook  (?) 

Wild  Tor  well,  3  miles  W. 
by  S.  from  Gidleigh. 

WiUandhead,  2*  miles  S.S.W. 
fromChagford,  (Willuhede, 
Ro^vc,  272.) 

Where  the  Obroo'k  joins  West 
Dart,  I  mile  above  Dart- 
meet. 

Error  for  Wokeford  (q.v.). 

Week  Ford,  close  to  Obrook 
foot,  I  mile  above  Dart- 
meet. 

Error  for  Wokeford  {q.v.). 

Woolwell,  1  mile  S.W.  of 
Bickleij^'h. 

PUfm  Head,  or  Dark  lake  head 
i  miU  to  th^  east.  {Se^^ 
l)evon.  Assoc,  vol.  xxiv.  p. 

Natwxnihy,  2  miles  north  of 

Widecombe;    or  Northu'aij, 

jitst     exist     of     Widecombe. 

(North  Werthiehed,  Roice, 

272.) 


THE  DARTMOOB  PRESERVATION   ASSOCIATION. 


509 


New  6- inch 
Ordnakcb    Map. 


Name  and  Faoc. 


iDENTIPiCATION. 


89.  N.E. 


118. 


112.  S.  E, 


112.  N.W. 


113.  S.W. 

89.  S.E. 
112.  S.E, 


106  &  107 


Wotesbrookelake  foote, 
63 ;  Wotesbrokelakes- 
fote,  6  . 

Writewille,  106;  Write- 
willelak,  106 

Yaddabrok,  105       .     .  . 


Yunedonecrosse,  105 


Yealm  Head,  97 

Yeston,  63 
Yilalonda,  105 


Ysfother  and  Yaforther,  6 


Same  as  Whoodelake  (q.v.). 

See  also  Devon.  AsuoCy  vol. 

V.  pp.  526-7,  and  vol.  xxiv. 

p.  422. 
Near  Fethillj  1^  viiles  sovJth 

of  Shawgh  Prior.. 

(?)  Legis  Lake,  tribvltary  of 
Plym  RiveTy  sovJth  of  Ring- 

Yennadon  Cross,  1  mile  E.  of 
Walkhampton*  The  socket- 
stone  of  a  cross  is  built  into 
the  north  hedse  of  the 
Princetown  Road,  between 
Dousland  Inn  and  Doos- 
land  Plantation.  It  is  prob- 
ably the  remains  of  **Eang- 
y-dun  "  Cross. 

Yealm  Head,  1^  miles  N.W. 
firom  Pen  Beacon. 

See  Hethstone. 

Yeo,  i  mile  east  of  Meavy. — 
A.B.P.  OrYeokmd,lmile 
S.  W.  of  Yelverton  Station, 
— R.B. 

See  Hysfochres,  Hisworthie, 
and  Hessary. 


SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF  THE 

FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR, 

WITH  SPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO  THE  PARISHES  OF 
THROWLEIGH,  CHAGFORD,  AND  GIDLEIGH. 

BY     REV.     T.     W.     WHALB,     M.A. 
Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1898. 


I  HAVE  little  claim  to  antiquarian  knowledge,  and  only 
venture  on  the  remarks  in  this  paper  from  having  a  number 
of  documents  which  may  prove  interesting,  and  so  begin  by 
setting  down  a  list  of  some  of  these  which  refer  to  Chagford 
and  Gidleigh. 

(1)  A  claim  of  quiet  possn.  from  Reginald  Croppe  to  Geoffry 
about  Croppe  of  his  right  to  h  ferliiig  of  Land  in  Stenchall — 
1280         time  of  Thos.  de  Chageford. 

(2a)  Hugh  lord  of  Chageford  to  Geoffry  de  Ponte  son  of  David, 
about  6  acres  of  demesne  land  a  inagiia  et  veteri  fovea  que  est 
1224         meu, 

1224  Hugh  de  Chaggeford  with  the  consent  of  Alice  his  wife 
(3j8)  gives  to  Geotl'ry  the  son  of  David  a  ferling  of  land  by 

by  Chagford  Bridge. 

(2y)  Geoffry  de  Ponte  gives  in  marriage  with  his  daughter  Elena 
to  \Vm.,  the  son  of  Sir  \Vm.  le  Pruz,  all  his  lands  in 
the  Manor  of  Chagfourd. 

(3)  Sir  \Vm.  Pruz  s.  and  h.  of  Sir  Wm.  le  Pruz,  lord  of 
about  Gidleigh,  gives  to  his  brother  Wm.  his  lands  in  Esterwalle 
1300         in  parish  of  Chagford,  and  Westerwalle  in  his  manor  of 

Tlirowle. 
^copy) 

(i)  Rd.  de  la  Stenenhalle,  s.  of  Robt.  d(^  Stenenhalle,  gives  to 
about  Ralph  Tollero  all  his  land  of  Stenenhalle  to  be  held 
1221         under  Hugh  de  Chaggeforde. 


THE   FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR,  511 

(5)  John  Faber  gives  to  Henry  de  Greynovylo  his  right  to  a 
about  tenement  in  Chagefoid  which  Hugh  de  Chageford  gave 
1224        him. 

(6)  Thos.  de  Ghaggeford,  &  and  h.  of  Henry  de  Chaggeforde, 
about  concedes  to  Rd.  of  Gitisleya,  the  suit  of  his  court  at 
1280         Ghagford,  as  to  ^  knight's  fee  in  la  Hyalea  in  the  manor 

of  Fremington. 

(7) 

about    Geoifry  de  Sca])leghe,  releases  to  Thos.  de  Chageforde  hb 

1280         right  in  a  ferling  of  land  in  Stenehalle. 

(8tt)  Simon  de  Wybbebiry,  lord  of  Chageford,  gives  to  John  s.  of 
1304         Richard  Purs.  \  acre  lying  near  a  piece  of  Wm.  de 

Langedone's  S.  of  the  villa  de  Ghageford,  under  the 

king's  road  from  Ghageforde  to  Wood. 

(8j8)     Do.     Do.     to  Wm.  de  Langedone  s.  Rd,  Langedone,  J 
1304         acre,  S.  of  the  villa  de  Ghageford  near  the  land  of  Robt. 
do  Langedone. 

(9)  Thos.  atte  Brugghe  s.  Philip  Fullo  gives  to  Walter  Flute  a 

1318  piece  of  land  in  his  tenement  in  Ghageford,  near  the 
bridge  £.  of  road  from  Ghageford  to  the  Bridge,  bounded 

.  on  JSr.  by  tenement  of  Walter  Lupard. 

(10)  Symon  de  Wibbebury  gives  to  Oliver  de  Wybbebury  (s.  of 
1315         Gilbert  de  Wybbebury)  and  Isolda  his  wife  the  whole  of 

his  manor  of  Chaggeforde,  with  *vasto  in  more  de 
Dertemore,*  and  the  Advowson  of  the  Church.  Also  the 
rents  and  services  of  Johanna  who  was  wife  of  Thos.  de 
Chaggeforde,  which  she  holds  of  my  dowry. 

(11)  Simon  de  Wibburi  releases  to  Thos.  de  Ponte  s.  of  Philip 
1317         Fullo,  9d.  annual  rent  for   the   tenement  which  was 

Philip's. 

(12)  Thos.  atte  brugghe,  s.  of  Philip  le  touker,  gives  to  John 

1319  Bernard  and  Alice  his  wife  his  tenement  in  Ghageford, 
W.  of  tenement  lately  Wm.  Langedon's,  i.e.  my  hall  and 
my  orchard  called  Brodeheye,  and  my  piece  of  land  S. 
of  my  hall,  and  my  piece  of  land  N.  of  my  hall  as  far  as 
Brodeheye ;  and  the  reversion  of  the  dowry  which  my 
mother  Dyonisia  holds. 

(13)  Oliver  do  Wybbiri  lord  of  Chaggeforde  gives  to  Henry  de 
1334         Foleforde,  Rector  of  Chaggeforde  a  ferling  of  land  in 

Nottedone  in  manor  of  Chaggeforde  extending  in  breadth 
from  the  lord's  wood  to  the  other  tenements  of  Westecote 
on  the  E. ;  in  length  from  the  stable  or  porch  of  the  said 
Rector  on  the  N.  to  his  Church  on  the  S. 


512         SOME  KEMAKKS  ON  TUE  BOUNDS  OF 

(H)      Matillida,  d  of  Thos.  Coterel  and  Alice  his  wife,  releases 
1346         to  Wmu  Proucz  her  right  to  their  tenemt.  in  Chagge- 

forde,  between  that  of  Jno.  Wedeman  on  the  S.  and  of 

Andrew  Vysi  on  the  N. 

(15)  Warin   Baillifer,   merchant   of    Moretone,   gives    to   Rd. 
1351         Trouwardistone  a  piece  of  land  in  the  town  of  Chagge- 

forde,  between  the  land  of  Robt  Withicombe,  and  the 
tenement  of  Robt.  Baurabis,  clerk. 

(16)  Robt.  de  Corndone,  s.  of  Jno.  de  Corndone,  releases  to 
1362         John  Proucz  de  Wadecote  his  right  to  rents  in  Jur- 

denistone,  which  his  mother  Claricia  had. 

(16^)    Johanna    Wordel    in    her    widowhood    gives    to    John 
1372         Hurcistone  her  land  in  Fenno  and  Jurdistone  in  the 
hundred  of  Exemjmster. 

(17)  James  de  Esshe  gives  to  Wm.  Creuweburghe  and  Alice 
1364         his  wife  his  tenemt.  in  the  lower  part  of  the  town  of 

Chaggheforde,  between  the  tenements  of  Geoffry  Yung- 
lynge  and  Wm.  Redeclyffe. 

(1 8a)    James  Esshe  releases  to  Wm.  Creuweburghe  Id.  of  annual 

1369  rent. 

(18^)  Thos.  Wy  thy  combe  Sr.  releases  to  Jno.  Proucz,  s.  of  Wm. 
1371         Proucz,  his  right  in  the  Creuweburghe  tenement 

(19)      Stephen,  a.  and  h.  of  Wm.  atte  Brygge,  releases  to  Jno., 

1370  8.  and  h.  of  Wm.  Proucz,  his  right  in  all  the  lands  K  of 
road  from  Cliageforde  to  la  Walle,  from  the  cross  by  the 
I^nge  tenemt.  and  so  by  the  road  to  the  Tenge,  and 
and  thence  to  Robt.  Smytbe's  tenemt. 

(20a)  Jno.  Wybbiry,  lord  of  Chageforde,  reciting  that  Alice, 
1390         who  was  the  wife  of  Jno.  Russell,  held  of  him  certain 

lands  in  Combe,  in  the  manor  of  Coletone,  for  her  life ; 

remainder  to  Jno.  Prous  and  Matillda  his  wife. 

(21)  Jno.  Wybbury,  s.  and  h.  of  Jno.  Wybbury,  lord  of 
a  copy  Chaggeforde,  reciting  that  Henry,  lord  of  Chaggeforde, 
1393         Hugh,  Thomas,  Simon,  and  Oliver,  his  predecessors,  had 

given  to  the  ancestors  of  Jno.  Proucz,  of  Chaggeforde, 
lands  in  Wadecote  and  Chaggeforde,  with  common  of 
pixsture  in  the  demesne  lands  in  Yolledone,  Milledone, 
Nottedono,  and  Padleigh,  conlirma.  of  the  same. 

(22)  Jno.  Ijamfelde,  Thos.  Deneys,  and  Wm.  Wilde  as  trustees, 
1435         give  to  Jno.  Prousz  and  Agnes  his  wife  lands  in  Waye, 

Aller,  Brygge,  Combe,  Est  Wallen,  West  Wallen, 
Chaggeforde,  Wode,  Wadecote,  Jurdestone,  Holewille, 
Fenn  et  Notysworthy. 


THE  FOREST  OFDARTMOOB.  513 

(23)  Jno.  Bamfelde,  Hen.  Fraunceys,  and  Jno.  Payne  (clerk) 
1447         appoint  as  their  attomies  Wm.  Weke,  Wm.  Laker,  and 

Jno.  Torre  for  lands  in  the  parishes  of  Chageforde  and 
Throwleghe,  which  they  held  as  trustees  for  Jno.  Prous. 

(24)  Jno.  Brightrigistone,  Thos.  Buttockisside,  Robt.  Wilsforde, 
1450         Walter  Buttockisside,  Andrew  Chalvodone,  and  Wm. 

Wray  (chaplain)  appoint  as  their  attomies  Jno  Wollecote 
Sr.,  Wm.  Smythe,  and  Thos.  Yourle  to  give  to  Rd, 
Prous,  our  mill  called  Colemill,  lands  in  Waye,  &c.  (as 
above). 

(25)  Wm.  Polard  gives  to  Jno.    Lakyer,  s.  and  h.  of   Wm. 
1473         Lakyer,  his  lands  in  Fenne,  with  reversion  to  lands  in 

Jurdystone,  in  parish  of  Cageford,  which  he  held  from 
Wm.  Lakyer,  John  at  Fenne,  and  Martin  Polerde. 

1488  Thos.  Dennys,  Jno  Yeo,  Bobt.  Knightston  and  Rd. 
Wager,  arbitrators  to  settle  a  disputed  right  to  a  church 
way  and  corpse  way  from  Combe  over  Way,  between 
lands  of  Jno.  Prous,  of  Way,  and  Jno.  Losky  and  Rd. 
Losky,  of  Combe. 

(28a)    Suit  between  Jno.  Kirkeham  Esquyer,  and  Jno.  Prows  of 
1499         Chaggeforde,  Gentilman,  as  to  right  of  lands  in  Waye, 

Aller,  and  Brigge,  except  12s.  of  chief  rent  wL  Jno. 

Kirkham  has;   and  the  right  of  comyn  of  pasture  in 

YoUond. 

(28^)    Conveyance  of  right  from  Jno.  Kyrkeham  to  Jno.  Prous  for 
1499         Yollonde. 

(29)  Jno.  Coplestone  de  Coplestone  and  Katerine  his  wife  lease 
1642         to  Wm.  Betty  and  Margerie  his  wife  a  tent,  in  town  of 

Chagford,  and  three  closes  adjoining  called  Northlande, 
Southlande,  and  Brygge  Park,  and  a  meadow  called 
Dolwylle  mede. 

(30)  Action  between  Nichs.  Tremayn,  Isabelle  Damarel,  Jno. 
1407         Isaak,    and   John  Prous — querentes.     Jno.  Berye    and 

Claricia  his  wife — deforciantes,  as  to  manors  of  Flute 
Daumarle,  Guddeleghe,  North  Wysshe,  Throuleghe, 
Mary  Tavy,  and  as  to  40s.  rent  in  Coletone,  with  the 
Advowsons  of  Gudleghe,  North  Wysshe,  and  Mary 
Tavy,  and  as  to  J  manors  of  Holboghetone  and  Whit- 
churche. 

(30)8)    Jno.  Ewle  or  Yeule,  Laurence  Weger,  and  Johanna,  d.  and 
1548         h.  of  sd.  John,  wife  of  Laurence,  give  to  Henry  Weger, 

s.  and  h.  of  Laurece  and  Johannna,  lands  in  Comedone 

in  the  manor  of  Colerew  or  Coleton. 


514  SOxME   KEMAKKS  ON   THE   HOUNDS   OF 

1435     Coiiipotus   of    Chaggeford   ami  Colerew,  with   rents  and 
services. 

1467  Do.                         Do. 

1431,  1432     Chaggeford  and  Colerew  manor  rolls. 

1484  Do.                         Do. 

1593  Marriage  settlement  Rd.  Copleston  and  Honor  Lyppincotte. 

1620  „             „            Humphry  Prouz  and  Honor  Coplestone. 

1692  Wyke  Parker  and  Mary  Langford. 

1632  „           „     Jno.  Prouz  and  Judith  Southcote. 

1636     Conveyance  of  lands  of  Sir  Jno.  Whiddon  upon  trust  for 
sale. 

1558     Rental  and  lands  of  Edwd.  Whiddon,  Esq. 

1558     Prowse's  ancient  lands,  description  and  tenants. 

1515     Dispute  between  manor  and  freeholders  of  Chagford  as  to 
Horehill,  Heylond,  Langelond,  and  Brodelond. 

1506     Corrody    from    the    Priory   of    St.   Nicholas,  Exeter,  to 
Laurence  Prous. 

1662     Rental  of  Prouse's  lands. 

Nos.  (1)  (41  and  17)  of  the  above  deeds  refer  to  Stenehalle 
or  Stenenhall,  now  called  Stinwell,  near  Jurston  and  Fenn. 
The  tenants,  probably  freeholders,  of  this  and  the  adjoining 
farms  were  called  after  their  farms.  This  one  belonged  to 
the  manor  of  Teigncombe  and  should  be  the  manor  hall.  It 
was  held  under  the  King,  but  no  mention  is  made,  as  in  the 
case  of  Wolf  halle,  of  *  forinsecum  servicium.*  Ed.  de  Stene- 
hall  in  selling  it  to  Ealph  ToUero  undertakes,  if  he  cannot 
make  out  a  title,  to  give  in  exchange  an  equivalent  value 
from  Niwahouse,  which  lies  south  of  it.  The  witnesses  were 
tenants  of  farms  in  Chagford,  e.g,  Corndone,  Wyberi,  Won- 
stone,  Wadecote,  Risforde,  de  Poiite,  Hurcestone.  The  seal 
to  No.  7  looks  like  a  black  swan  with  Galfrid  ...  in  the 
band.    In  No.  11 — 1317 — Galfrid  de  Steuihall  was  a  witness. 

It  should  be  remarked  that  the  deeds  belonged  to  thai 
Proucz  family,  and  no  doubt  refer  to  "Prouse's  ancient 
Lands."  The  seal  to  No.  2a  is  the  same  as  that  of  No.  7  ;  the 
witnesses  were :  Andreas,  persona  de  Chageford :  WiUelmus 
Probus,  &c.  The  seal  to  No.  2/3  looks  like  a  double  headed 
swan,  with  Chagaford  ...  in  the  band.     It  was  executed  in 


THE  FOKEST   OF  DAltTMOOK.  515 

full  court  at  Exeter.  Win.  Bruere  was  Sheriif,  Wm.  de 
Kothomago  Under  Sherifif :  Witnesses,  Henry  (or  Hervy)  de 
Hilion,  Gilbert  de  Eixforde,  Matthew  de  Schaplega,  Wm.  le 
Pruz,  Bd.  de  Buxeia,  Kegd,  le  Bret.  Droco  de  la  Walle,  Eoger 
de  Grueym,  Eobt.  Cola,  £oger  son  of  Roger;  Kd.  Picot 
(Clerk).     It  forms  part  of  the  Barton  of  Way. 

Wm.  de  la  Bruere  was  one  of  the  1240  Perambulators. 

Wm.  le  Prouz  (of  2y)  was  the  youngest  brother  of  the  last 
Sir  Wm.  Prouz.  His  son  Wm.  married  Anstice  d.  Eeg^. 
Wadacot  of  Chagford,  and  his  family  afterwards  lived  at 
Wadacot  for  a  time.  This  last  Sir  Wm.  Pruz  (in  3y)  gives 
to  his  youngest  brother  Wm. — Ester- walle  and  Wester-walle. 
The  witnesses  were  Sir  Jno.  de  Valletort,  Sir  Jno.  de  Kelli, 
Helion  le  Pruz,  Jno.  Tremenet,  EA  Picot ;  and  one  of  the 
law  courts  of  the  Manor  was  held  after  le  Hockeda;  the 
Pruz  seal  is  in  good  condition. 

No.  6  is  interesting.  Testa  Nevill  (p.  175)  tells  us  that 
Hugh  de  Chageforde  holds  in  Ghagford  and  in  Yaley  2^  fees 
of  honour  of  Barnstaple.  Pole,  p.  49,  that  he  held  2  Knights' 
fees  in  Tigncombe.  In  19  Ed.  II.  100  (p.  39),  honor  of 
Barnst. :  held  in  Teyngecombe,  1  fee ;  Heales,  i  fee ;  Chagge- 
ford,  1  fee;  so  that  Yaley  is  the  same  as  Heales.  In  the 
Ghagford  manor  Eolls  of  1431  we  find  that  the  heirs  of  Sir 
Ed.  Hankeford  held  Healys,  and  did  homage  for  it  to  the 
lord  of  Chaggeford.  Eeferring  to  inquisitions,  2  Ed.  I.  32 
tells  us  that  Henry  de  Tracey  held  Heley  Manor.  7  Hen.  V. 
69.  Ed.  Hankeford  held  J  fee  East  Healis.  2  Hen.  VI.  32. 
Sir  Wm.  Hankeford  held  Hals.  In  12  Hen.  VI.  40  his 
daughter  Elizath.  held  Hals. 

36  Hen.  VI.  Anna  Duchess  of  Devon  held  Hals,  and 
lastly,  the  manor  Eolls  of  1484.  Heirs  of  John  Holonde 
succeeded  those  of  Ed.  Hankeford. 

From  all  this,  I  think,  we  trace  that  '  la  Hyales  in  manerio 
de  Fremington'  of  deed  No.  6  is  the  Healys  of  Ghagford 
manor  Eolls,  and  as  held  by  Sir  Ed.  Hankeford,  is  probably 
the  same  as  Hals  Annery,  near  Bideford. 

Probably  Kd.  de  Gitislega  and  Jno.  de  Gitislega  of  this 
deed  were  Ed.  Pruz  (brother  of  the  last  Sir  Wm.  Pruz)  and 
Jno.  his  sou. 

In  8a  Ed.  Pruz  and  Jno.  his  son  are  again  mentioned.  The 
road  from  Ghagford  to  Wood  is  called  "  regia  via,*'  and  the 
phrase  occurs  '*  exceptis  bladis,  pratis,  clausis  et  rationabilibus 
Byngcheyes  " ;  this  last  word  in  the  corresponding  deed  (8/3) 
is  "  Bighahexis  " ;  very  difficult  to  explain,  perhaps  "  Banks  " 
or  "  high  buildings."  (See  Edmunds,  Names  of  Places)     The 


516        SOME  REMABKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

seal,  as  also  those  in  Nos.  14  and  20,  contains  a  crest  either 
"  cat "  or  "  rabbit,"  and  this  Simon  de  Wybbebiry  was  R.  of 
Chagford  (Bp.  Bytton,  p.  433). 

In  No.  10  this  same  Simon  (who  must  have  resigned  the 
living,  for  Bp.  Stapleton  tells  us  he  instituted  to  it  Laurence ; 
and  Ormerod  tells  us  that  he  had  bought  the  manor  in  1299 
of  Thos.  de  Chaggeforde)  sold  the  Manor  to  Oliver  de  Wybbe- 
bury,  the  s.  of  Gilbert  (i.e.,  probably  to  his  nephew).  Oliver's 
wife  Isolda  was  Isolda  Moeles  (see  Winslow  Jones's  North- 
cote  Pedigree).  Remainder  to  Ed.,  s.  of  Gilbert  de  Wibbebury, 
attested  by  Sir  Steph.  de  Haccombe,  Sir  Wm.  de  Ferariis,  Sir 
Roger  le  Jewe,  Wm.  le  Moynge,  and  Wm.  Foleforde. 

No.  13  shows  that  Henry  de  Foleforde  was  R.  of  Chagge- 
forde in  1334 ;  the  witnesses  were.  Wm.  de  Foleforde,  Robt 
atte  Waye,  Jno.  Prucz,  Jno.  Beaghe,  Rd.  Munck. 

No  15.  The  above  Jno.  Proucz  was  in  1351  "clericus 
tunc  senescallus  ville,"  and  Jurston  is  called  "  Hampstone 
By-southe-teynge." 

No.  16  tells  us  that  in  1362  Jno.  Proucz  lived  at  Wadecote, 
his  father  married  a  dau.  of  Regd.  Wadecot. 

No.  18j8.  It  is  very  perplexing  to  find  that  the  Proucz 
family  had  property  at  Coleton  and  Withycombe  in  E.  Devon, 
seeing  that  we  have  possessions  of  theirs  at  Coleton  in  Chag- 
ford, and  W3rthycombe  in  Throwleigh.  The  same  remark 
applies  to  "  Gatcombe." 

No.  19.  "La  Walle"  leads  to  the  suspicion  that  there 
must  have  been  Roman  earthworks  by  "  Wallyn  House." 
This  deed  is  endorsed  "  partie  vie  de  Chaggeforde  ad  Walen." 
The  cross  referred  to  stood  near  the  Chagford  Market  Place, 
and  was  called  "  Stumpy  Cross." 

No.  21.  There  is  a  romantic  story  in  Bp.  Stafford,  page 
376,  that  Henry,  eldest  son  of  Jno.  Wytbery,  jr.,  under  11 
years  of  age,  was  handed  by  his  father  against  his  will  to  the 
Friar  Minors  at  Exeter. 

No.  22.  "  Holewille "  is  a  puzzle ;  if  it  be  near  Jurston 
and  Fenn  it  may  be  the  6  acres  of  2a. ;  and  further,  if  "  le 
Wille  "  (see  below)  be  equivalent  to  Fern  worthy,  this  confirms 
the  supposition. 

No.  27  is  interesting  as  throwing  light  on  a  Devonshire 
idea,  that  if  a  corpse  has  at  any  time  been  carried  over  a 
footway  it  becomes  a  public  path.  The  mill  by  Combe  is 
called  "  Cole-mill,"  and  the  gate  leading  to  Way,  Stentford 
Gate. 

Nos.  28a  and  28/3  refer  to  a  dispute  between  Jno.  Kirke- 
ham,  Esq.,  and  Jno.  Prows.      Robt.  Kirkham  about  1400 


THE  FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR.  517 

married  Agnes,  d.  of  Sir  Wm.  Hankford,  mentioned  in  the 
Manor  Eolls. 

Taking  the  accounts  of  the  Manor  of  Chagford  in  1435, 
the  arrears  came  to  61s.  lOf  d.,  and  the  rents  of  Assize  to 
£9  13s.  9id.,  and  for  CoUerew  to  £6  4s.  6d. 

8.      d. 

The  plaints  and  requisitions  of  Chagford      .         .     56  11 
Do.  do.  of  Colerewe      .        .24 

There  was  a  payment  for  Colerewe  to  the  lord  of  South- 
tautone,  50s.  Id.;  to  the  Castle  of  Barnstaple,  2s.  2d.  for 
Chaggeford ;  to  the  hundred  of  Woneford,  2s.  3d. ;  for  the 
cattle  of  the  lord  at  South-tautone,  3d. 

Payment  for  help  to  the  Sheriff  of  Devon  12d.  per  ann. 
to  Jno.  Bylholle  out  of  receipts  for  3  terms  £7  13s.  4d. 
Arrears — Jno.  Prous  "  de  relevio  suo." 

In  1466.     Bents  of  assise  for  Chaggeforde  .     £9  14     7^ 

„  „       Colrewe  .  .£646 

Perquisiciones  curie  Chageforde  .£474 

Colrewe  .  .  8s.     • 

To  the  lord  of  South  Tautone  50s.  as  before;  to  lord  of 
Barnestapelle  2s.  3d. ;  to  the  bailifiF  of  Tremelcourt  6d.  (this 
seems  to  have  been  a  triennial  payment  at  Wonford),  with 
arrangements  for  a  "  Decennarius  pro  domino  de  Chageforde 
ad  curiam  de  Westegate." 

Allocation  of  4s.  for  cattle  of  Jno.  Hamelyn. 

4s.  Wm.  Wyke. 

2s.  llobt.  Westecote. 

2s.  Rd.  lledecleff. 

8s.  Wm.  Eugge  &  Step.  Taylour. 

Payment  to  Jno.  Credy  for  Xmas  term     .  .     60s. 

Kobt.  Knyghstone,  Easter      .         .       62s.  9d. 
„  „         Jno.  Baptiste   .         .     60s. 

„  „        Michs.      ...       £7 

At  the  law  court  of  Chaggeford,  Sunday  21  Oct.,  1431, 
the  assise  of  beer  brought  18d. ;  the  tapping  of  beer  5d. 
Henry  Verdoer  had  assaulted  Geoff'ry  Legher  with  his  hand 
in  full  court  ajj^d  drew  blood,  and  there  was  a  cross  action. 
Christina,  Henry  Verdoer's  wife,  had  assaulted  Geoflfry 
Legher.  William  Grose  (clericus)  had  assaulted  Jno. 
Medlond  with  a  stick,  which  the  tything  man  failed  to 
produce.  John  Medlond  had  assaulted  Jno.  Smythe  with  a 
stick  in  like  manner.     Geoff ry  Halle  had  assaulted  Jno. 


518        SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

Splot  with  his  hand,  and  drew  blood.  Jno.  Geffraye  had 
assaulted  Jno.  Parker  in  like  manner.  Jno.  Parker  raised  a 
just  claim  on  the  said  Jno.  Geffraye.  Jno.  Geffraye  had 
assaulted  Boger  Quanter.  Wm.  Bowe  had  assault^  Jno. 
Doune  with  his  hand,  and  drew  blood.  Reginald  Hunte  had 
assaulted  Jno.  Nywehous  with  a  small  stick. 

Jno.  Holonde,  Wm.  Moltone,  Geoffry  Wonstone  (clericus), 
Robt  Sakery,  Serls  Canetyng,  Rd.  atte  Yeo,  made  default. 
Wm.  Dru  complains  of  Jno.  Keck  in  a  case  of  debt. 

Wm.  Aysche  had  assaulted  Simon  Garsleghe  with  a 
dagger,  which  the  tything  man  failed  to  produce.  Then 
came  choosing  of  constable  and  tasters.  Henry  Verdoer 
had  changed  the  course  of  the  town  water,  as  also  Thomas 
Smythe,  Wm.  Wydecombe,  Hen.  Denys,  and  Jno.  MycheL 
Agnes,  the  wife  of  Wm.  Wonstone,  had  fouled  the  town 
water  by  washing  linen  garments,  &c. ;  as  also  Elinors^  wife 
of  Jno.  Mychel ;  Matilda,  wife  of  Jno.  Martyn. 

The  jury  *  pro  rege '  were  chosen,  who  report  that  Simon 
Garsleghe  had  impleaded  Wm.  Deythe  in  the  court  of  Lyde- 
ford,  contrary  to  the  custom  of  the  manor.  Jno.  Medlond 
had  impleaded  Jno.  Smythe  in  the  Archbishop's  Gourt. 

The  bailiff  did  not  produce  the  hoe  which  Jno.  Redeclyff 
had  used  on  Margaret  Denys.  He  had  not  distrained  Jno. 
Waye  to  do  homage,  &c.,  for  his  lands  in  Waye,  Almanys- 
lond,  Gattecombe,  and  Yolelond.  (Rd.  Earl  of  Cornwall 
was  king  of  Almayne,  or  of  the  Romans,  so  the  land  about 
Combe  must  have  belonged  to  him.)  He  had  not  distrained 
the  heirs  of  Sir  Rd.  Hankeforde  to  do  homage,  &c.,  for  lands 
in  Healys. 

The  proceedings  of  the  next  court,  Dec.  1431,  carry  on 
those  of  the  above. 

At  the  next  court,  11  Jan.,  1432,  21  persons  paid  3d. 
each  for  assise  of  beer,  among  them  are  the  names  Hen. 
Denys,  Jno.  Westecote,  Wm.  Wollecote,  Simon  Carsleghe, 
Wm.  Taverner. 

Thos.  Ebbesworthy  is  at  the  mercy  of  the  court  for  the 
detention  of  one  brass  pot,  worth  lis.  6d.,  and  RobL  Smythe 
for  the  "  manucaption  "  of  Rd.  Taverner. 

Weapons  were  not  produced  in  court. 

At  the  March  court  conies  4s.  6ci.  for  assise  of  beer,  Wm. 
Wille  takes  proceedings  agst.  Jno.  Geffray,  and  his  name  is 
noteworthy  because  in  the  rental  of  Ed.  Whiddon,  Esq. 
1558,  under  the  head  of  his  Fern  worthy  property,  we  find 
"Wm.  Fernworthy,  alias  JFiUe,  pro  uno  tenemento  in 
Fern  worthy,  lis." 


THE  FOBEST  OF  DABTMOOR.  519 

The  followg.  court,  May,  1432,  was  a  law  court;  there 
were  certain  actions  of  trespass ;  2s.  9cL  was  paid  for  assise 
of  beer,  and  4d.  for  tapping  it 

Jno.  Redeclyflf  had  assaulted  Wra.  Taverner  with  a  stick. 

Wm.  Seward  „  Geofifr.  Leytersfote        „ 

f  Willemina,  wife  of  Jno.  Smyth, 
(  had  assaulted  Jno.  Redeclyflf,  jr.       „ 

Jno.  Redeclyflf,  jr.,  „  Jno.  Smythe  with  a  dagger. 

Wm.  Hexte,  Jno.  Moltone,  Rd.  atte  Yeo,  Jno.  Frensche, 
Geoflfr.  Halle,  heirs  of  Wm.  Waye,  Robt.  Gary,  Rd.  Lemescote, 
make  default.  Jno.  Wollecote  "est  extra  assisam  domini 
infra  dominium,"  i.e.  was  not  registered  in  the  census,  and 
was  fined  2d. 

Rd.  Herstone  makes  fealty  for  a  close  of  land  which  he 
got  from  Jno.  Herstone  his  father. 

Rd.  Lymscote  had  assaulted  Wm.  Deythe  with  his  hand. 
Wm.  Deythe  raised  a  just  claim  on  Rd.  Lymscote.  The 
jurors  are  chosen,  who  came  and  made  no  presentments; 
another  court  was  held  on  July  9,  1432;  assise  of  beer 
produced  4s.  3d. ;  previous  actions  of  assault  are  forwarded 
a  stage,  in  one  case  a  jury  was  summoned  for  fixing  damages. 
Jno.  Wollecote  (as  above)  was  bound  over  "ad  affirmanduin 
assisam  domini  Regis.'' 

Wm.  Lymscote  demands  a  jury,  for  that  he  had  not 
assaulted  Wm.  Deythe  with  his  hand. 

Jno.  Smythe  and  Willelmina  his  wife  demand  a  jury 
against  Jno.  Redeclyif,  *'  quod  non  defamant  eum  esse  com- 
munem  noctivagerem  per  noctes,  ad  nullum  dampuum,  plegius 
Thomas  Ebbesworthy." 

Jno.  Smythe  do.  v.  Jno.  Redeclyflf "  quod  nullum  insultum 
ei  fecerit  cum  1.  pare  de  penser,"  &a 

Thos.  Smythe,  Jno.  Mychel,  Simon  Carsleghe,  Rd.  Thewell, 
Jno.  Smythe,  Joceus  Halle,  Hen.  Verdoer : 

Dant  domino  de  fine  pro  furno  (obscure,  but  reads  like 
"  jacente  in  strata,"  (?)  a  bakehouse.) 

This  may  bear  on  *  Fumum  Regis.' 

Fifteen  tenants  had  trespassed  on  Middeldone  and  Padeleghe, 
and  were  fined  3d.  each. 

The  next  Court  was  held  on  Aug.  6,  1432. 

The  name  "Wm.  Dru"  now  becomes  "Wm.  Drew," 
previous  actions  are  handed  on.  The  seven  courts  of  the  year 
produce  79s.  3d. ;  the  census  19d. ;  a  release  4d. ;  "  de  recog- 
nicione,"  2  capons;  expenses  of  seneschal  5s.  Id.  and 
2  capons. 

The  next  roll  is  for  1st  July,  1484. 


520        SOME  REMABKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

The  heirs  of  John  Holonde  are  bound  over  to  do  fealty,  but 
whether .  this  has  reference  to  one-third  part  of  manor  of 
Coleton  mentioned  in  Deed  No.  30,  I  have  not  been  able  to 
determine,  or  whether  it  refers  to  Sir  Jno.  Hankeford's  part 
(Manor  Eolls,  1431.)  The  lord  claims  stray  cattle  unowned 
after  twelve  months.  The  BailiiT  fails  to  produce  the  dagger 
with  which  Simon  Ayshe  assaulted  Jno.  Splot.  Six  persons 
are  fined  2d.  each  for  not  being  on  the  list  of  assise.  One 
red  heifer,  two  white  sheep,  and  one  white  sheep  remained 
unclaimed.  Bd.  Whiddone  and  Jno.  Westecote  paid  3d.  each 
for  assise  of  beer. 

The  next  Court  was  held  on  July  16,  1484,  and  repeats 
very  much  the  substance  of  the  former. 

Jno.  Wille's  family  name,  which  has  already  appeared 
with  the  alias  "Femworthy,"  is  now  "Jno.  Wille  atte 
Hille." 

On  the  following  12  August  we  find  Wille's  name  as  before. 
Middeldone  is  now  Mildone. 

Then  on  September  26,  Wm.  Bette  "fregit  et  extraxit 
ponfalde  domini  sine  licencia." 

The  sum  total  of  nine  courts  for  the  year  .     36s.  lOd. 

Census  rent  .  ...  8d. 

In  the  marriage  settlement  of  1593.  Jno.  Coplestone  of 
Northleighe  in  parish  of  Kilkhampon  settles  on  his  son 
Rd.  about  to  marry  Honor,  the  dau.  of  Jno.  Lyppincotte 
of  Wybberye,  the  manor  of  Wolleigh  in  the  parish  of 
Morewynstowe,  with  lands,  &c.,  called  Barton  of  North- 
leighe. 

Honor  Coplestone  married  secondly  Humphry  Prouz  of 
Chagford  (in  1620).  George  Luppincott  of  Wybbery,  Alver- 
discott,  and  Hercules  Arscott  of  Annery  Wiere  her  trustees. 
The  settlement  included  Manner  of  Doddescombe  in  the 
parish  of  Bampton,  Way  in  the  parish  of  Chagford,  West 
Challacombe  and  Hetheringdownes  in  Combmartin,  three 
griest  mills  and  one  fulling  mill  in  Chagford. 

The  settlement  in  1632  of  Jno.  Prouz  (the  last  of  the 
family)  and  Judith  Southcote  of  Shillingforde  had  as  trustees 
Sir  Geo.  Chudleigh  of  Ashton,  Sir  Geo.  Southcote  of  Shilling- 
forde, Tristram  Arscott  of  Norton,  and  Jno.  Colemore  of 
Liscote. 

She  married  secondly  in  1665  Ed.  Connock  of  St.  Olave, 
and  her  trustees  were  Sir  Wm.  Courteney,  Bart.,  of  Ford,  and 
Jno.  Harris  of  Eadford,  Walland  in  Throwley  was  settled 
on  her. 

Afterwards  there  was  a  dispute  about  the  property,  and 


THE  FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR.  521 

the  following  is  a  letter  from  Sir  Wm.  Courteney  to  Bichard 
Courteney  of  Tremeere. 

I  have  sent  by  yo'  servant  y*  Articles  counterpart  and  Bond  for 
Performance  of  Covenants  wh.  were  purposely  made  on  my  cowsen 
Connock*s  marriage  for  preventing  Fredd's  doing  her  an  injury, 
and  these  are  all  the  writtings  thee  putt  into  my  hands  to  keepe 
and  insteed  of  y*  coppies  desir*d  have  transmitted  you  y*  originalls 
w^  if  any  way  serviceable  or  advantagious  to  y*  concerns,  will  be 
greately  satisfactory  to 

S''  yo'  faithfull  servant  and  kinsman, 
Powderham,  Wiluam  Courtbnay. 

January  y*  first,  1678. 

My  service  to  yo'  Lady  and  sister  in  law  w***  all  my  little 
cowcens. 

In  the  next  place  I  propose  to  try  and  throw  a  little  light 
on  disputed  questions  as  to  the  Perambulation  of  1240,  &c. 

In  order  fully  to  explain  the  forest  boundaries  I  wish  first 
of  all  to  discuss  the  meaning  of  certain  words  often  occurring. 
Let  us  take  "  ville,"  "  vil,"  "  villa,"  "  villata,"  vallum,  fossatum, 
"  fovea,"  "  fossa,"  and  set  down  their  meanings,  chiefly  on  the 
authority  of  Du  Cange. 

**  villa  dicitur  a  vallis,  quassi  vallata,  eo  quod  vallata  sit 
solum  vallatione  vallorum,  et  non  munitione  murorum." 

"  vUlatam  ad  faciendam  bastidam  seu  villam." 

"  vallum,  valltLS  ut  vallatum  fossa." 

Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  ii.  p.  378 :  "  Et  extra  Forestam,  et  certas 
villatas  prope  et  circa  eandem  commorantes  quilibet  homo, 
commorans  prope  forestam  extra  villatas  predictas,  et  juxta 
forestam,  faldam  habens." 

Page  379.  "  200^  for  100  Folds,  36^  for  36  Folds  of  Lude- 
ford  and  Watervalle." 

"  vallatum,  vallatus,  fossatum,  locus  vallo  septus." 

"  walla,  Ang.  Sax.  Wall,  murus,  paries,  vallum.  Welsh, 
*  wal,'  praesertim  agger." 

**  wallare,  vallo  claudere." 

**vallare,  to  palisade." 

"fovea,  a  pit  for  cattle." 

fossa  fossam  facere — "  Fossis,  canibus,  pulvere  et  hamia 
lupellos  comprehendere."  "  Feras  in  foveis  comprehen- 
dere  imus  career." 

fovea.     (1)  Tumulus,  (2)  Fossa,  (3)  imus  career. 

fovaguim,  "jus  capiendi  lignum  calefaciendo  furno  neces- 


sarium." 


fossata.     (1)  fossatum,  (2)  sepulcrum. 

VOL.  XXV.  2   L 


522        SOME  ESMAKKS  ON  TH£  BOUNDS  OF 

fosaatumy  vallum,  fossa,  sepes. 

fossis,  pro  fossa. 

fossor^im,  dictum  quod  foveam  faciat,  ipsa  est  scuditia  "alii 
fossarium  dicunt  qui  fossam  faciunt." 

fossum  et  refosmmi  et  strata  levata  circumquaque  terram. 

carbones  de  foresta  ex  ligno  forestse  combusto  in  fornace 
confecto. 

carbonaria  ''  cum  omnibus  fossis  et  carbonareis  et  muris  et 
turre." 

Quid  hac  voce  quae  saepius  occurrit  intelligendum  sit 
definire  fortassis  difficile  est.  Fossce  fuisse  videntur  seu  loca 
'pto(\xnieL,fovearum  instar,  ad  urbium  munitionem." 

Fumarium,  fumus  ad  dominum  pertineus. 

ffaia  (Sir  H.  Ellis,  p.  115).  "  Ibi  est  Haia  capreolis 
capiendis." 

Beasts  were  caught  by  driving  them  into  a  hedged  or  paled 
part  of  a  wood  or  forest. 

"  Vallatum  fuit  et  inclausatum  fossato,  haya,  et  Palatio." 

What  is  obvious  in  these  references  is  the  difficulty  of 
distinguishing  the  different  words,  which  will  show  itself  in 
the  follow  remarks : — 

Mr.  Winslow  Jones  has  deeds  of  the  13th  century,  in  one 
of  which  Sir  Wm.  Prouz,  of  Gidleigh,  gives  to  Adam  de 
Wlfhalle  his  land  of  Wlfhalle  in  his  manor  of  Coletone 
"salvo  regali  et  forinseco  seiTicio."  In  another,  Mabel  of 
Godescote  (dau.  of  Sir  Hamlyn  d'Eudon,  of  the  1240  survey, 
widow  of  Sir  Baldwyn  Malet,  owner  of  the  manors  of 
Bratton  Clovelly,  Godescote,  and  Combe)  gives  to  Adam  de 
Wolfhalle  "unam  peciam  prati  cum  una  turbaria  ad 
foveam  dicti  Ade  reparaudam  " — towards  the  end  of  the  deed 
this  is  defined  as  "  pratum  cum  mora."  In  a  third,  Jno.  de 
Wonstone  gives  to  his  son  Thos.  "totam  terram  meam  at 
Wolfealle,  Frauncheysland,  Pigiswell,  et  unam  parcellum 
prati,  cum  mora  adjacente."  These  farms  are  in  Teigncombe, 
parish  of  Chagford,  near  Batworthy,  and  a  glance  at  the 
map  would  convince  us  that  the  above  "  fovea "  must  have 
been  the  round  pound  and  huts  on  the  edge  of  Teigncombe, 
by  Batworthy.  And  turbaria,  as  a  place  for  digging  peat,  is 
regarded  as  an  equivalent  for  "  mora." 

In  a  deed  in  my  possession.  No.  2a,  of  about  the  date 
of  the  first  of  the  above,  Hugh  lord  of  Chagford  gives  to 
Geofi'ry  de  Ponte,  the  son  of  David,  "sex  acras  terre  de 
dominico  meo  in  Chageforde  ;  incipientes  scilicet  a  magna  et 
veteri  fovea,  que  est  niea,  inter  terram  meam,  et  predicti 
Galfridi ;    scilicet  terram  de  aliis  terris  ad  concrescendam 


THE  FOREST  OF  DAETMOOR.  523 

terram  suam  :  videlicet  extendentes  juxta  predictam  foveam 
usque  ad  angulum  de  la  fosmede^  ultimum  parcum,  angulum 
crucis.  Et  a  dicto  angulo  usque  a  la  Fenacre,  juxta  parcum, 
sicut  terra  arrabilis  se  extendit.  £t  ab  augulo  de  la  Fenacre, 
recte  et  linealiter  ultra  parcum  in  Hurtpytte ;  et  ab  Hurces- 
pytte  in  rivulum." 

The  above  Hugh  was  lord  of  Chageford  in  1224,  and 
Greoflfry  de  Ponte  was  no  doubt  he  who  gave  his  daughter  in 
free  marriage  to  Wm.,  the  youngest  son  of  Sir  Wm.  Pruz. 
This  family  owned  the  cloth  mills  at  Chagford  Bridge,  and 
wrote  themselves  also  "Fullo"  "at  Brygge"  and  "le 
touker."  If  we  could  be  certain  that  they  owned  the  Birch 
Tor  and  West  Vitifer  Tin  Mines,  it  would  help  us.  Nor  can 
I  find  whether  they  were  connected  with  Fulk  Ferrers,  of 
Throwleigh,  who  was  a  great  owner  of  mines.  But  apart 
from  this,  the  above  description  of  locality  corresponds  well 
with  King's  Oven,  which  formed  the  boundary  of  Chagford 
manor.  First  comes  "  angulum  de  fosmede,"  from  which  we 
gather  that  this  fovea  was  also  called  a  fosse.  Then  comes 
"angulum  crucis,"  Bennett's  Cross,  near  to  King's  Oven; 
for  there  is  no  record  of  any  other  cross  in  this  locality. 

Next  we  have  "  a  la  Fenacre,"  and  if  the  boundary  of  the 
moor  followed  the  Walla-brook,  the  outside  bounds  of 
Femworthy,  here  called,  as  I  suppose,  Fenacre,  would  be 
close  at  hand.  And  lastly,  we  have  Hurtpytte,  or  Hurces- 
pytte.  Now  the  moor  running  above  the  WaUabrook  to  King's 
Oven  is  called  Hurston  Moor,  and  its  highest  part  is 
marked  on  the  Ordnance  Map  "  Hurston  Eidge."  No  other 
spot  that  I  can  find  fulfils  the  above  description  so  well  as 
King's  Oven,  though  it  may  apply  to  the  hut  circles  on  the 
E.  of  West  Vitifer  Tin  Mine. 

Again,  Wallabrook  means  the  brook  of  the  villa,  and  so  I 
think  "  vil  de  Chagford "  takes  its  name  from  King's  Oven. 
Moreover  jChagford  is  written  in  Domesday  "  Cagefort."  Is 
not  this  significant?  "Cage"  is  Norman,  and  nearly 
equivalent  to  fovea.  Dr.  Johnson  defines  it  as  "  a  place  for 
wild  beasts  enclosed  with  palisadoes ; "  and  "  forth  "  he  tells 
us  was  "  a  cart-waye ; "  and  I  suspect  it  is  the  same  as 
"worth,"  which  we  have  in  Femworthy  close  by.  What 
then  was  this  "  fovea "  ?  Villa,  vallum,  fovea,  fossa,  car- 
bonaria,  are  so  intermixed  that  it  is  very  difficult  to 
determine.  "  Furnum  Eegis  "  points  to  its  having  been  used 
for  burning  charcoal,  and  we  know  that  there  were  on  the 
moor  later  than  this,  in  1318,  28  carbonarie.  But  Cagefort 
would  seem  to  make  it  an  enclosure  for  cattle.     Probably  as 

2  L  2 


524        SOME  REMABKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

the  fovea  was  "  magna  et  vetus  "  in  1224,  it  may  have  been 
used  at  first  for  the  capture  of  deer,  and  later  on  as  a  fold, 
and  for  burning  charcoal  too. 

The  carbonarie  were  used  for  *  making  '  carbon,  and  there- 
fore could  not  have  been  for  burning  peat,  but  I  am  not  very 
clear  on  this  point. 

The  *  fovea'  in  Mr.  Winslow  Jones*  deeds  with  the 
adjoining  huts  were  also  extensive  enough  for  these  different 
purposes,  but  being  farther  from  the  mines  were  probably 
only  used  for  cattle.  No  doubt  they  bore  the  same  relation 
to  Coletone  manor  that  King's  Oven  did  to  Chagford  nianor. 

These  enclosures  for  cattle  were  for  the  most  part  close  to 
the  Forest  boundary,  as  most  convenient  for  driving  the 
cattle;  and  the  stone  track  ways  were  necessary  on  the 
boggy  ground  of  the  moor.  I  suspect  that  *  fin  de  ville '  is 
only  a  Norman  adaptation  of  *  ven  de  falde ' :  at  any  rate 
why  should  not  'fin'  mean  boundary?  just  as  in  the  old 
law  the  fine  meant  the  end  of  strife,  for  which  the  unfor- 
tunate suitors  had  to  pay.  "  Fines  villarum '  would  thus  be 
'  the  bounds  of  the  villas,'  for  transgressing  which  the  villas 
paid  an  acknowledgment  to  the  Forest.  I  take  it  that  only 
enough  men  lived  in  these  villas  for  tending  the  cattle ;  the 
cultivated  ground  without  the  moor  would  form  a  much 
pleasanter  home,  and  require  more  to  farm  it.  The  villages 
in  the  latter  were  called  villas  also,  Chagford  was  so  called  in 
1364;  still,  these  stone  enclosures  close  to  the  moor  protected 
with  palisades  were  large  enough  to  afford  night  shelter  to  the 
cattle  and  to  those  who  tended  them,  and  I  think,  were  roofed 
over  in  their  several  parts  as  farmyards  are.  The  cattle  had 
not  only  to  remain  in  them  for  the  night,  but  straw  and  forage 
must  have  been  carried  to  them  from  the  manor. 

I  think  that  each  manor  bordering  on  the  moor  had  one  of 
these  cattle  shelters,  by  whatever  name  they  may  have 
formerly  gone ;  and  it  is  clear  that  certain  privileges  under 
the  control  of  the  lord  were  granted  to  them.  But  further, 
we  find  these  on  a  large  scale  far  within  the  forest  boundaries. 
Were  not  these  used  for  the  cattle  not  returning  to  their  own 
shelters,  but  entirely  depastured  on  the  moor  for  some 
months  ?  Thus  an  extra  charge  would  be  made,  as  we  find 
in  the  ancient  accounts.  In  addition  to  these  manor  shelters, 
the  lord  sometimes  granted  the  privilege  of  *  a  fold '  to  in- 
dividuals, wlio  by  means  of  it  depastured  their  cattle  on  the 
moor.  It  seems  from  the  account  of  1313  that  nearly  as  many 
cattle  were  left  on  the  moor  as  retired  to  their  own  shelters. 

Passing  on  from  this  part  of  my  subject,  I  will  try  on 


THE  FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR.  525 

etymological  grounds  to  identify  some  of  the  Forest  bounds, 
and  I  think  that  Norman  influence  extends  much  further  in 
place  names  than  has  been  commonly  acknowledged.  When 
we  consider  that  the  Saxon  owners  of  manors  had  almost 
universally  to  give  place  to  Norman  followers  of  the  Con- 
queror, we  might  well  expect  that  the  new  owners  would 
either  give  fresh  names,  or  modify  the  old  ones,  by  giving 
them  a  Norman  sound.  Eefer  back  to  '  ville ' ;  has  not  the 
word  a  closer  direct  afl&nity  to  Norman  than  to  Latin  ?  If  we 
think  of  French  place  names  ending  in  '  ville/  we  shall  have 
to  make  a  long  list.  Again,  we  know  that  Newton  Abbott 
was  formerly  Novelville. 

Sufficient  notice  has  not  yet,  I  think,  been  taken  of  the 
prefix  or  suffix  "  re,"  "  rew,"  "  rue." 

**  Eue  "  is  of  course  Norman  for  "  street "  or  paved  way." 
"  Eew  "  is  Cornish,  and  "  reeva  "  Saxon  for  "  row." 
The  Normans  did  not  trouble  themselves  much  about 
Saxon  names,  but  on  taking  possession  of  a  manor  readily 
adopted  for  their  own  use  names  of  a  somewhat  like  sound ; 
thus  they  took  "  rue  "  instead  of  •'  rew.  It  will  be  found  that 
this  suffix  enters  in  the  neighbourhood  of  a  Eoman  or  ancient 
causeway.  Heavitree  was  no  doubt  Saxon  ;  its  Norman  dress 
is  in  Domesday  "  Hevetruua  "  or  "  Hevetrove  " — the  head  of 
the  street  where  the  great  Roman  road  stops  at  Exeter.  We 
shall  thus  readily  explain  Hyfant-reowe  near  the  central 
trackway  on  Dartmoor,  which  (Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  8,  p.  400) 
"is  rendered  in  a  later  version  Heavitree,  and  has  in  all 
probability  been  contracted  into  Heytree,  now  a  farm  in 
Manaton  parish."  We  conclude  that  the  central  trackway 
passed  along  from  Heytree,  by  Hameldon,  and  Challacombe 
Common,  and  that  it  was  Boman  or  very  ancient.  In  the 
same  Anglo-Saxon  document  we  have  "  Ruwan-beorge,"  the 
earthwork  on  an  ancient  road. 

Before,  however,  completing  the  examination  of  "rue" 
in  composition,  I  will  dwell  a  little  on  "Langa"  in  such 
words  as  Langaston.  It  has  been  assumed,  "lang"  being 
Saxon  for  "  long,"  that  *'  Langston  "  means  of  course  "  long- 
stone."  I  have  examined  many  localities  in  which  this  prefix 
"  lang  "  comes,  and  have  satisfied  myself  that  it  means  "  the 
angle."  Turner,  in  his  Anglo-Saxons,  tells  us  that  the  Anglo- 
Saxons  said  "  /e-thanc,"  "  the  mind  "  ;  so  we  may  have  /'ang, 
and  it  may  have  come  from  the  Roman  angulus,  and  the 
root  of  the  corresponding  Norman  word  is  the  same. 

Take  Langetrewe  or  Langetrev  of  Domesday,  the  modem 
Langtree,  the  angle  of   the   ancient   road.      This   exactly 


526         SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

describes  the  parish  as  bounded  by  the  cross-roads  at  Stibb 
cross,  close  to  Durpley  Castle,  while  the  long-at-rewe  would 
make  nonsense.  Other  instances  are  Langridge  in  lidford 
parish,  Langridge  Ford  in  Yamscombe,  Langaston  (in  the 
above  Anglo-Saxon  list)  in  Manaton,  Lancross  near  Bideford, 
Langley  Cross  in  Yamscombe,  Langaton  in  Ghittlehampton, 
Langston  in  Throwleigh,  where  there  is  a  stone  cross,  Langhill 
in  Moreton  Hampstead,  Langland  by  Sticklepath,  Langford 
Bridge  in  Chagford;  and  it  is  well  known  how  almost 
universally  the  word  "  angulus  "  enters  into  land  boundaries 
in  old  deeds. 

To  return  to  "  rue,"  the  manor  of  Coleton  in  the  parish  of 
Chagford  is  changed  into  Colerew,  Coleree,  Colere,  and 
probably  was  in  still  older  times  a  part  of  the  manor  of 
Teigncombe.  The  joke  of  Holy  Street  Mill  at  once  confronts 
us.  To  be  sure  it  was  of  old  called  Cole-myll,  but  what  of 
that,  if  our  thoughts  are  running  on  Druidical  rites,  or  holy 
water  brought  from  a  spring  near  the  church  for  baptizing,  as 
in  the  legend  of  the  origin  of  the  name  Holly  well  in  a  certain 
North  Devon  parish,  although  the  name  is  common  in  the 
district.  However  later  on,  in  1706,  the  Colerewe  rolls  admit 
Jno.  Rowe  as  Tenant  for  Holly-Street,  Densham,  Combe,  and 
Holly  Street  Mills,  and  Tarrs.  But  "street"  lingers  by 
Chagford  Bridge,  and  up  the  hill  near  is  "Way"  Farm, 
pointing  distinctly  to  an  ancient  paved  way,  or  rue.  Here 
begins  the  parish  of  Throwleigh,  the  Domesday  manor  of 
Trule,  which  Merlesvan,  and  after  him  Ealph  Paganel,  held, 
looking  very  like  *' The-rue-legh,"  leading  from  Chagford 
Bridge  towards  Okeliampton.  Here  also  is  Wallyn  House, 
and  Edmunds,  in  his  Names  of  Places,  tells  us  that  "  wall " 
indicates  Roman  occupation.  How  this  explanation  bears 
on  Eewe  near  Exeter,  on  the  road  from  Exeter  to  Bristol,  I 
have  not  found,  nor  on  Ratreu  of  Domesday,  i.e.  Battery  near 
Totnes.  But  in  Eoborough,  the  Eueberga,  Eauueberga, 
Raweberge  of  Domesday^  the  evidence  is  strong.  At  Eoborough 
Down  near  Barnstaple  was  a  Eoman  road  and  Eoman  camp. 
Lysons  tells  us  that  the  Eoman  road  from  Chulmleigh  passed 
through  Burrington  to  Beaford :  as  it  passes  along  by  Barn- 
staple Park  and  Little  Halfsbury,  a  road  branches  off  through 
Eoborough  to  the  ancient  earthworks  at  Ten  Oaks ;  and 
"  berge  "  means  "  an  artificial  mound  or  rampart,"  decidedly 
Norman  in  its  origin.  Roborough  Down  in  South  Devon  I 
have  not  examined,  nor  can  I  trace  the  Odetrewe,  probably 
Woodrow  of  Domesday,  nor  Willavestreu,  which  looks  like 
"  the  villa  of  the  east  rue  "  ;  but  the  ancient  lord  of  Drews- 


THB  FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR.  527 

teignton — Drue — was,  I  take  it,  de-rue,  and  he  very  likelj 
lived  at  Wallyn  House  by  Ghagford  Bridge,  for  to  a  deed  of 
1224  in  my  possession  "  Droco  de  la  Walle "  is  a  witness ; 
and  we  must  not  forget  Prestonbury  and  Cranbrook. 

If  we  refer  to  Mr.  Worth's  paper  of  last  year  on  "  The 
Stone  Eows  of  Dartmoor,"  we  shall  find  under  "  Drews- 
teignton"  a  notice  of  the  rows  by  the  Cromlech.  This  seems 
a  confirmation  of  "de  rue,"  whether  of  these  "rows"  is  more 
doubtful.  Let  us  now  look  to  "Parochia,"  and  words  con- 
nected with  it.  A  reference  to  Du  Cange  under — Ocha, 
Ochia,  Holca,  Hochia,  Olca,  Occhia,  Oschia,  Hoga,  Hoghia, 
Hogum,  Hoch,  Haga — will  show  us  how  closely  they  are 
connected,  and  with  the  obsolete  English  word  "  ho."  They 
signify  not  only  "  a  hill,"  "  but  a  portion  of  land,"  and  so  we 
may  readily  include  "  the  bounds  of  a  portion  of  land  or 
manor."  Halliwell  tells  us  that  "  out  of  all  ho  "  means  "  ou 
of  all  bounds."  And  "  the  Hoe  "  at  Plymouth,  "  Westward 
Ho,"  near  Bideford,  "Morthoe,"  Martinhoe,  and  Trenteshoe, 
near  Hfracombe,  are  all  bounded  by  the  sea.  Hokkeday,  no 
doubt,  is  said  to  be  so  called  on  account  of  the  Danish 
slaughter  in  1002,  but  it  was  often  a  manorial  rent  day,  and 
very  probably,  at  a  time  when  the  Manor  authorities  held 
their  court,  it  was  a  day  set  apart  for  beating  the  bounds. 
This,  we  know,  usually  took  place  soon  after  Easter. 

"  Parochia  "  then  seems  to  be  derived  from  Ochia  to  include 
the  bounds  of  one  or  more  manors.  In  earlier  times  it  stood 
for  *'  Diocese,"  but  afterwards  for  the  people  who  paid  first- 
fruits,  oblations,  and  tenths ;  and  the  parochus  came  to  be 
the  ecclesiastical  ruler  of  the  manor,  for  the  most  part 
appointed  by  the  **  lord." 

Following  out  this  idea  I  take  "Hoga  de  Cossdone"  to 
mean  "the  boundary  of  Cossdone" — the  river  Taw— just  as 
I  take  Ochment  to  be  the  demesne  boundary  of  Ochemen- 
tone,  both  on  the  east  and  west.  And  we  are  told  that 
Tamer  is  the  meer  or  bound  (Eisdon  237),  known  too  as 
Tawmeer.  So  Halstock  or  Halgestock  is  Hala-est-ock ;  i.e., 
the  east  boundary  of  the  hall  or  palace ;  i,e.  Oakhampton 
Castle. 

We  shall  not  arrive  at  a  complete  understanding  of  the 
Perambulation  of  1240  without  keeping  well  in  view  its 
objects.  Probably  (Devon.  Assoc,  vol.  iv.  p.  492)  there  were 
no  well-defined  bounds  previously. 

Sir  Wm.  Pruz,  of  Gidleigh ;  his  mother's  brother,  Sir  Robt. 
de  Halyun,  of  Ashton  ;  Sir  Hamelin  de  Eudone,  of  Widde- 
combe-in-the-Moor ;  and  Sir  Henry  de  Merton  {i,e.  I  suppose 


628        SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

Moreton  Hampstead)  on  the  part  of  the  knights  and  free- 
holders having  lands  and  fees  adj^  the  Forest  of  Dertemore ; 
and  Rd.  Earl  of  Cornwall  on  his  part,  as  owner  of  the  moor, 
asked  for  a  perambulation  to  be  made  between  their  lands 
and  the  Forest.  They  called  to  their  aid  twelve  knights  of 
the  County,  owners  of  property  adjoining  the  moor,  who  on 
their  oaths  carried  it  out  "  per  certas  metas  et  divisas." 

We  may  therefore,  I  think,  take  it  for  granted  that  they 
set  up  their  boundary  marks  from  one  holding  to  another ; 
i,e.  commonly  from  one  manor  to  another.  The  absence  of 
the  word  "  parish  "  from  Domesday  leads  us  to  conclude  that 
parishes  had  only  been  recently  formed  in  1240.  But  there 
may  have  been  more  than  one  manor  or  owner  of  land  along 
the  Boundary  of  a  Parish,  and  so  more  than  one  of  these 
metes  or  divisions. 

No  doubt  the  tendency  since  1240  has  been  to  encroach 
on  the  then  limits  of  the  moor ;  but  in  many  cases  the 
Ordnance  Survey  bounds,  which  may  be  relied  on  as  repre- 
senting the  present  parish  bounds,  will  be  a  great  help  to  us. 

Bearing  this  in  mind,  I  will  begin  with  Lullingyssete  as  a 
boundary  manor  mark  of  the  parish  of  Peters  Tavy.  The 
authorities  call  it  also  HuUinge,  Lullingsfote,  Willingsesse, 
Luntesborowe,  HuUingesfote,  Linsborough,  Huntsborough, 
Western  Eedlake  head.  Lullingyssete  looks  like  Lulling- 
seat,  and  on  the  map  to  the  N.  we  find  Little  Knee-set, 
Great  Knee-set,  Knee-set  Foot.  If  we  can  admit  that  this 
represents  Lynch  Tor  of  the  Ordnance  Map,  then  the 
boundary  mark  would  be  at  its  foot.  If  again  we  could  find 
traces  of  earthworks  on  Lynch-tor  we  should  account  for 
Jjintshorovgh.  The  map  is  confused,  for  we  find  Great 
Link's-tor  and  Lint's-tor  farther  north.  Is  there  a  Logan 
stone  on  Lynch-tor  to  account  for  Lulling  ? 

Turning  to  Western  Eed  Lake,  or  Western  Hed  I^ke, 
along  the  Ordnance  Survey  Bounds,  with  Eastern  Hed  Lake 
nearly  parallel  to  it,  the  head  of  this  brook  is  not  far  from 
Lynch  Tor. 

The  great  objection  to  accepting  White-Tor  is  that  it 
would  greatly  cut  up  the  parish  of  Peter's  Tavy ;  but  there 
is  Whitebarrow  on  the  map  S.  of  Lynch-Tor,  and  probably 
this  should  be  Whiteborough,  and  Lich-way  close  to  it  may 
be  closely  connected  with  Lin-way,  a  carcase  way.  Linch 
too  means  a  footpath. 

Thence  to  the  junction  of  the  Tavy  and  Eakernesbroke, 
Rakemebrokysfote,  Eabern-broke-Foot  to  Western  Eedlake  ; 
thence    northward   to   Eattlebrook   foot,    Eakilbrokes    fote. 


THE  FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR.  529 

Western  Red  Lake,  Rattlebrook  foot  Eedlake,  Western 
Bedlake  foot,  Tavy,  Eattlebrook  foot.  This  takes  the  bounds 
of  Peter's  Tavy  to  Lydford-town.  We  note  here  the 
difference  between  "linealiter"  and  "recte  et  linealiter" 
in  old  records,  and  think  that  the  bounds  followed  the  "line" 
of  brooks  and  rivers  where  practicable;  in  this  case  along 
the  western  hedlake  to  its  foot,  then  along  the  Tavy  to  its 
junction  with  the  Kattlebrook.  Watern  Oak,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Tavy,  denotes  this  water  boundary. 

Next,  from  the  foot  of  the  Rattlebrook  to  its  head,  in 
which  all  the  authorities  agree,  taking  us  along  the  Boundai^ 
of  Lydford  Town  to  Bridestowe. 

Then  from  the  head  of  Rattlebrook  to  WestsoUe,  la 
Westsolle,  le  vest  solk,  Westlblle,  Westesole,  Le  WestesoU, 
Steinegtorr,  Steynchatorr,  Stinkatorr,  Stenakertor,  or 
Sourton  torr,  along  the  Boundary  of  Bridestow  to  Sourton. 
Westsolle  may  be  the  "  Western  Sun."  Stein,  Stin, 
Sten-aker,  and  especially  the  last  with  "acre,"  point  to 
the  moor  common  to  the  parishes  of  Bridestowe  and 
Sourton,  **  stente "  being  a  limited  right  of  pasturage.  The 
Ordnance  Boundary  passes  to  the  West  Ochment,  then  along 
its  course  to  Villake  corner,  and  thence  to  Sourton  tor,  and 
may  very  well  be  taken  for  the  boundary  of  1240. 

Next  from  Westsolle  to  Ernestrre,  Emestorre,  Grenestor, 
Langaford  or  Sandyford,  Yernestorr,  Langsford  or  Sandiford, 
High- Willows,  West  Mill-torr.  Now  Ern  is  an  eagle; 
Greentor  in  the  ord.  map  is  S.  of  Araicombe  hill ;  Lanagford 
points  to  the  junction  of  W.  •  Ochment  with  a  brook  S.  of 
Longstone-hill,  and  is,  I  think,  the  crossing  point  of  the 
boundary. 

It  is  not  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  parish  of  Sourton 
was  shut  out  from  the  forest  boundary,  so  we  follow  the 
present  bounds  of  Sourton  to  South  Down ;  and  where  they 
turn  sharply  N.W.  we  branch  off  to  the  W.  Ochment  at 
Langaford. 

Thence  we  cross  the  Okehampton  bounds  to  High  Willows 
or  High  Willhays,  by  West  Mill  torr  to  the  "vadum 
proximum  in  orientale  parte  capelle  sancte  Michaelis  de 
Halgestoke,"  called  also  Chapel  ford,  and  Cullever  steps.  It 
is  to  be  noted  that  the  old  map  places  this  chapel  exactly  on 
the  boundary.  Its  site  has  not  been  ascertained.  But  we 
take  Ochement  to  mean  the  boundary  of  the  mesne  land; 
and  Ochementon  or  Okehampton  in  this  respect  is  bounded 
by  the  W.  Ochement  and  the  E.  Ochement.  So  Yestor  is 
West-tor ;  Miltor  is  Middletor :  and  as  we  proceed  Belston 


530        SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

is  Bellestam  or  Bellestham  of  Domesday,  and  has  a  decidedly 
Norman  sound. 

From  CuUever  steps  we  pass  along  the  Boundary  of 
Belstone  to  Hoga  de  Cosdoune,  Cosdon,  or  Cosson,  Belston 
tor,  Cosson  Hill. 

Devonshire  Association,  vol.  ii  p.  374,  suggests  Haga,  to  be 
a  hay  or  hedge  in  a  boundary  line,  and  regards  Hoo  at 
Plymouth  as  the  same  word.  I  take  Hoga  in  this  case  to  be 
the  river  Taw,  which  forms  the  boundary  of  Cawsand ;  and 
the  crossing  is  at  a  point  where  the  "  Small  Brook "  flows 
idto  it,  corresponding  with  the  present  bounds  of  Belstone, 
and  about  a  mile  across. 

Thence  to  Houndetorre:  "ad  parvam  hogam  Houndetorre"; 
Huntorre :  "  1  mile  or  more  eastward  to  little  houndetorr, 
called  hoga  de  parve  houndetorre";  "parvam  Hogam  que 
vocatur  Houndteret " ;  Hundetor. 

I  take  "Small  Brook"  to  be  the  'parva  hoga'  of 
Houndetorr.  We  are  passing  along  the  bounds  of  S.  Tawton 
parish,  and  this  brook  takes  us  in  an  easterly  direction  some- 
what more  than  a  mile  to  Whitemore  Stone.  Metherall  Hill 
is  here,  at  the  juncture  of  two  branches  of  the  Taw,  the 
meeting  of  the  rills,  so  Metherall  Brook  near  Fernworthy — 
written  Metherill  in  1581,  Metherel  by  Mr.  Ormerod — meets 
the  S.  Teign ;  and  the  parish  of  Meeth,  formerly  Meth,  is  at 
the  junction  of  the  Ochment  and  Torridge.  Again,  we  have 
Water's  '  Meet  *  near  Lynton.  Why  should  not  menhir  be 
derived  from  manerium,  or  manoir,  as  the  boundary  stone  ? 

Next  to  Therlestone,  Thursleston,  Theurlestone,  Thur- 
lestone,  Thurlestone,  now  as  they  suppose  Waterdon  torr, 
J-mile  from  Houndtorr,  Sheurlestone,  Water  Donter,  Walter 
Torr,  Hugh  Thorn,  Wildtorr-will,  Wildtor-well. 

The  old  map  carefully  marks  this  as  a  stone,  and  it  seems 
strange  that  the  obvious. explanation  Th-erle- stone,  i.e.  The 
Earl's  stone  has  not  yet  been  noted  ;  the  rather  as  having 
crossed  the  bounds  of  Throwleigh,  we  have  reached  Gidleigh, 
of  which  the  Earl  of  Devon  was  chief  lord.  But  where  to 
find  this  stone  is  far  more  difficult.  The  present  boundary 
of  Throwleigh  runs  from  White  moor  Stone  to  Hound  tor, 
thence  to  Wild-tor- well ;  but  the  bounds  of  1240  converge  to 
the  junction  of  .N.  Teign  and  Wallabrook,  and  it  seems  more 
obvious  to  pass  from  White  moor  stone  to  Gallaven  Ford 
where  the  Throwleigh  and  Gidleigh  bounds  meet.  And  the 
Earl's  stone  was  probably  either  at  Gallaven  Ford,  or  at 
Wild-tor-well. 

Thurlston  in  S.  Devon  was  Torlestan  in  Domesday,  and 


THE  FOREST  OF  DASTMOOB,  531 

Thorlestone  in  Bp.  Bronescombe's  time.  We  find  also  Tir- 
lebere  or  Thurlibeer  in  Launcells  and  Marhamchurch,  all 
probably  noting  the  Earl's  possessions. 

Creber  pounds  in  this  "  mete "  are  a  little  N.  of  Gidleigh 
circles^  the  name  is  derived  from  "  crib/'  a  fold  for  cattle,  a 
manger. 

Pipe  rolls,  p.  157 — Ed.  de  Eeddivers  rendered  an  account 
for  one-eighth  part  of  the  farm  of  Gedelege.  Thence  along 
either  the  Gallaven  or  the  Wallabrook  to  the  Tolmen,  Teign 
Clapper  Bridge,  across  the  parish  of  Gidleigh. 

Wootesbroke  lake  and  Tenge,  Wotesbroke  lakesfote  que 
cadit  in  Tynge,  Wotesbroke  Lakefoot  "near  a  mile  to 
Wotesbrooke  lake  foot,  and  which  they  think  to  be  the 
same  which  is  now  called  Whoodelake,  where  N.  quarter 
ends." 

Hood  Lake  =  Wates  Brook  foot. 

Ting  Clapper,  Woodlake  or  Bhodelake.  The  distance  is 
about  IJ  miles. 

Now  "  w  "  took  the  place  of  "  v  "  or  "  f,"  so  "  woot "  was 
"  foot " ;  "  wot "  was  "  fot "  or  "  vot."  The  Saxon  for  "  foot " 
was  "yot,"  and  the  Dutch  "voet."  "Wootesbroke  lake" 
becomes  "  The  foot  of  the  brook  (or)  lake."  Risdon  writes  it 
as  two  words — Wotesbroke  Lakefoot. 

Wallabrook  was  probably  a  later  name,  and  means  the 
brook  of  the  walla  or  villa. 

Cornwall  was  of  old  Corn  wales,  and  we  find  the  following 
names  there  now: — Trewale,  Trewallen,  in  St.  Germans ;  Tre- 
welle,  Trewellogan,  Trewille,  in  St.  Enodor ;  Trewellan,  Tre- 
villein,  in  Warbstow.  Also  Walleford,  near  Brixton.  At 
Buck's  Cross,  near  Clovelly  Dykes,  we  find  Walland, 
Way  town,  Hoi  will,  Hugglepit. 

Also  Wallon  E.  of  Drewsteignton. 

I  look  upon  the  Scor  hill  circles  as  willata  or  vallata, 
and  the  Wallabrook  close  by  as  having  direct  reference  to 
them.  Sir  Wm.  Pruz  in  his  lifetime  gave  to  Wm.,  his 
youngest  son,  all  his  lands  and  tenements  in  Westerwalle,  in 
his  manor  of  Throwle ;  and  I  think  this  must  have  extended 
to  the  Wallabrook,  and  so  Scor-hill  may  have  got  its  name 
from  the  Esquyer,  just  as  I  think  Wm.  Capra  or  Chievre  of 
Domesday  was  the  cupbearer — cupperarius  the  Chef-es- 
cuire^ — and  not  the  goat.  DuCange,  under  capra,  quotes 
"  do  capram  vini,  do  bladum,"  and  thinks  capram  should  be 
cuppam. 

Next  from  the  junction  to  Heghstone,  Heighestone, 
Hengheston,   Hangeston,  nearly  a  mile  to   Hingeston,   or 


532        SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  BOUNDS  OF 

Highstone,  in  E.  quarter,  near  Femworthie,  hedges,  Hugh- 
stone,  Highstone,  Fewstone,  Stone  Tor,  Kingstone. 

Do  not  these  names  almost  conclusively  point  to  the 
High-stone,  or  Hanging-stone  ?  Surely  we  ought  to  see  in 
them  the  "  Three  boys'  CromlecL"  Moreover,  the  last  name 
Kingstone  is  singularly  appropriate.  As  we  had  the  Earl's 
stone  at  the  Gidleigh  Boundary,  so  we  now  look  for  the  King's 
Stone  at  the  commencement  of  the  Manor  of  South-tyng, 
the  "  terra  regis."  Close  to  this  is  Shuffle  or  Shovel  Down, 
which  we  take  for  the  South  ville  common,  the  South-tyng 
Down.  The  Stonetor  hill  W.  of  the  Cromlech  very  likely 
got  its  name  from  this  stone.  Unfortunately  the  dpot  is 
marked  as  Longstone,  and  has  been  adopted  as  the  Langstone 
of  the  old  map,  which  for  reasons  given  above  .1  think  is  a 
mistake. 

We  are  passing,  then,  along  the  bounds  of  some  Gidleigh 
manor,  of  which  I  find  no  separate  record,  but  which  may  be 
that  conveyed  by  Sir  Wm.  Pruz  to  his  youngest  son.  Having 
an  eye  to  the  distance  of  one  mile,  we  turn  westward  along 
the  N.  Teign  to  the  nearest  brook,  then  along  its  course  to 
its  head ;  thence  a  short  distance  to  the  Cromlech.  From 
the  Cromlech  to  Langestone,  Gettestone,  Yessetone,  Yessetay, 
Gotestone,  Yeston  or  Geston,  now  called  Hethstone,  near  one 
myle  from  Hingeston.  Yestelay,  Yelston,  or  Gesstone,  round 
Farmer  Lightfoot's  estate  to  Halfstone,  Heath's  stone,  Lowton 
Borough,  Heas  or  Heathstone,  Fernworthy  Court. 

Passing  along  the  Chagford  boundary  and  Manor  of  Col6- 
tone,  or  Colerewe,  or  Coleree,  or  Teigncombe,  part  of  the 
manor  of  South-tyng,  following  the  Hugh  lake  to  its  foot,  we 
should  look  for  Langestone,  at  its  junction  with  the  S.  Teign, 
at  which  point  the  Coletone  manor  ends.  It  is  remarkable 
that  in  Domesday  the  wife  of  Hervy  de  Helion  holds 
"  Essetone "  of  the  King.  This,  no  doubt,  is  Ashton ;  but 
very  often  there  is  a  confusion  of  names  in  manors  locally 
separate  held  by  the  same  person.  This  Yessetone  is  at  the 
confines  o^  one  of  the  Shapley  manors,  and  Shapley-helion, 
near  to  it  in  the  parish  of  N.  Bovey,  was  well  known. 
Farmer  Lightfoot  certainly  farmed  Fernworthy  in  1581,  and 
was  a  tenant  of  Mr.  Edwd.  Whiddon.  Shapley  cum  Venn 
and  Jursdon,  three  adjoining  farms,  Eisdon  tells  us,  were  in 
the  Hundred  of  Exminster,  and  were  held  (1  Hen.  6)  under 
Hugh  Courteney,  and  it  is  remarkable  that  in  Emml.  Bowen's 
old  map  Chagford  is  set  down  as  part  of  the  parish  of  King's 
Teynton.     Coletone  is  in  the  hundred  of  Wonforde. 

Shapleigh  manr.  is  mentioned  in  the  addenda  to  Eisdon, 


THE  FOREST   OF  DARTMOOR.  533 

p.  376.  Thence  to  Alberyshede,  "et  sic"  to  Wellebroke 
(the  old  map  seems  to  show  Wellebroke  within  the  boundary 
line),  per  mediam  turbariam  de  Alberysheved,  et  sic  in 
Longum  Wallabroke,  Albocheved,  Walbrooke,  Walebrok, 
Aberhene,  through  a  fenny  place  called  Turfehill,  in  the  old 
records  "  per  mediam  turbariam  de  Albere  cheved,"  Turshill, 
Black  Fen,  Bovycombe  Head.  Justone,  a  farm  in  Chagford 
parish. 

Whether  the  above  forms  one  boundary  or  two  is  not  very 
clear.  Should  we  not  draw  a  distinction  in  the  old  map 
between  "  inde "  and  "  et  sic,"  "  inde "  pointing  out  the 
beginning  of  a  new  boundary,  "  et  sic "  the  continuation  of 
the  same.  If  so  the  Shapleigh  Manor  boundary  joins  that  of 
Cagefort  at  the  Wallabrooke. 

We  pass  then  from  Langeston  along  a  boundary  brook  to 
its  head,  then  direct  across  Turf  Hill  or  Hurston  Common 
to  the  brook  by  Lakeland,  known  south  of  this  point  as 
North  Wallabrook.  Bovycombe  Head,  mentioned  above,  is 
some  distance  within  the  bounds  of  North  Bovy  parish,  not 
far  from  King's  Oven. 

From  the  foot  of  North  Wallabrook  we  pass  along  its 
course  to  Furnum  Begis,  the  boundary  of  the  parish  of 
Chagford,  and  of  the  manor  called  in  Domesday  Cagefort  or 
Cageford,  Chageford  or  Eagefort.  Clearly  this  "Ch"  was 
pronounced  "  K." 

Jutsone  is  really  Jurston,  called  in  old  deeds  Jursdystone, 
Jourdston,  Jourdhampstone,  Jordenestone,  and  adjoining  it 
on  the  other  side  of  the  brook  is  Hurston  or  Herston. 

Jno.  Hurcistone  lived  there  in  1371,  and  in  2a  we  have 
both  Hurtpytte  and  Hurcestpytte.  It  is  remarkable  that  we 
find  also  Hursdon  and  Jordan  near  each  other  in  the  parish 
of  Sourton. 

Herstone  may  be  the  "  erest,"  or  first  residence,  and  if  the 
parish  perambulations  began  there,  they  would  end  with 
Jurston  or  Jordan  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  brook.  Herst 
or  Hurst  is  commonly  taken  as  derived  from  Hyrst,  a  wood. 

CAGEFORT  OR  CHAGEFORD  MANORS. 

Dev.  Domes,,  p.  190.  Drogo  under  the  Bp.  of  Constance 
held  Kagefort,  or  Chageford,  from  the  Conqueror;  it  was 
afterwards  held  under  the  castle  of  Barnstaple. 

D&o.  Domes.,  p.  902.  Ealph  Paganel  held  Cagefort  or 
Cageford,  which  Merlesvan  held  before. 

Balph  Paganel  possessed  all  the  lands  in  Devon  which 


534  THB  FOREST  OF  DARTMOOR. 

Merlesvan  had  before  him.  He  is  called  a  Thane  in  the 
Exeter  Survey.  Sir  H.  Ellis  calls  them  Taini,  Tegni,  Teigni, 
Teini,  Teinni.  This  seems  to  suggest  the  origin  of  the  name 
of  the  river  Teign  and  its  manors. 

Col,  Hund.  Boll.,  p.  84.  Thos.  de  Chageford  held  under 
the  Barony  of  Barnstaple,  and  so  from  the  king  the  vills  of 
Chageford  and  Teyngcombe  as  2  fees.  Before  him  came 
Henry  de  Ghaggeforde,  and  still  earlier,  a.d.  1224,  Hugh  de 
Ghaggeforde. 


GOLETON  COLEREW,  OR  TYNGCOMBE,  OR  SOUTH  TEYNGE  MANOR 

Col.  Hun.  Boll,  p.  74,  4  Ed.  I.  1275-6.  Manor  of  Kenton 
with  appurtenances  and  South  Teyng  pertinens  ad  Kenton 
sic  quoddam  membrum  given  to  £d.  de  Allemanie  the  king's 
brother. 

Devon  Assoc,  v.  16,  p.  472.  Wm.  of  Worcester  writes 
"  Tengmouth  id  est  Kenton." 

Eisdon,  p.  121.  Hen.  3,  at  the  request  of  the  E.  of  Gorn- 
wall  his  brother  granted  unto  the  men  of  Kenton  a  market 
and  fair  at  the  feast  of  All  Saints. 

Domesday,  p.  36.     Ghentone  was  the  king's  manor. 

Col.  Rot.  Chart,  p.  177  1287-8.  To  Ed.  Duke  of  Corn- 
wall.   Wyke  South-teng  hamlet  *  concess.' 

Eisdon,  hund.  of  Wonford,  and  p.  127.  Antiq.  dom.  de 
Southinge.     South  Tegn — ancient  demesne — terra  regis. 

Manor  Bolls,  1434.  Manor  of  Coleton  paid  50*/l  yearly 
to  the  Manor  of  S.  Tauton. 

Domesday,  p.  1092.  Escapeleia  held  by  Girold  the  Chaplain 
owed  by  custom  10s.  to  the  king's  manor  called  Tauetoue  or 
Tauestone. 

Sir  Wm.  Pruz  of  Gidleigh  was  lord  of  Coleton  about  1220, 
and  held  it  *  regali  et  forinseco  servicio." 

Domesday,  p.  190.  Drogo  under  the  Bishop  of  Constance 
held  the  Manor  of  Taincombe. 

It  is  tempting  to  suggest  that  the  name  Coletone  was 
exchanged  for  Colerew  on  account  of  the  *  stone  rows'  by 
Castor,  and  moreover  that  these  *  stone  rows '  were  connected 
with  'castra,'  and  thus  we  should  have  this  evidence  of 
Eoman  occupation  as  well  as  in  *  way,'  *  street,'  *  wall.* 


ARTS  AND  CRAFTS  ON  DARTMOOR  IN  THE  TEAR 
WHEN  QUEEN  VICTORIA  WAS  CROWNED. 

Being  notes  on  the  narrative  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bidder,  daughter  of 
William  and  Johanna  Lillicrap,  of  the  parish  of  Sheepstor. 

BY   J.    PHILLIPS. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


"*In  the  year  when  King  William  was  alive  and  dead/*'  as 
the  old  chroniclers  would  have  it,  **I  lived,"  said  Mrs.  Bidder, 
"with  my  father  and  mother  in  the  cot-house  on  Ringmore 
Down,  and  I  was  the  eldest  '  maiden '  of  the  family,"  upon 
whom  therefore  devolved  many  onerous  duties,  with  which 
the  younger  children  might  not  be  trusted;  though  from 
their  recital  they  appear  to  have  sat  lightly,  and,  in  short, 
to  have  been  enjoyable  employments. 

The  good  mother  was  one  of  the  "  bettermore "  sort,  and 
saw  that  her  children  had  the  best  schooling  within  reach. 
The  eldest  boy  was  sent  to  the  free  school  at  "Waketon" 
(Walkhampton),  three  or  four  miles  distant^  where  he  got 
fine  schooling,  and  a  suit  of  clothes  every  year ;  and  when 
he  left,  a  suit  of  Sunday  clothes,  a  Bible  and  Prayer-book, 
the  other  children  being  sent  to  Meavy,  for  "to  Shepstor" 
there  was  only  a  very  small  dame's  school;  and  folks  were  not 
very  clear  about  the  learning  of  the  mistress,  who,  though  she 
could  read  Jerusalem,  was  said  to  pull  up  over  Mesopotamia 
and  Constantinople.  We  hear  much  nowadays  of  the  trouble 
to  get  parents  to  send  their  children  to  the  free  Board  Schools. 
One  of  my  friends  was  carried  daily  (and  attendance  was 
not  then  compulsory)  on  her  mother's  beick  when  quite  small 
from  Brisworthy  to  Meavy  and  home  again,  and  she  and  the 
other  little  maids  had  to  show  up  their  handicraft  work  to 
**  madame  "  at  the  Vicarage,  who  looked  to  it  that  each  one 
was  good  at  her  needles,  whether  for  sewing  or  knitting. 

One  of   the  earliest  employments  of  the  children,  was 


536  ARTS  AND   CKAFTS  ON   DARIMOOB. 

gathering  the  wool  left  by  the  sheep  on  the  furze  bushes 
of  the  Moor  and  the  brimbles  in  the  brakes.  "Wool- 
gathering" was  not  looked  upon  with  the  same  favour  as 
blackberry  picking,  when  the  bitterness  of  a  nasty  scratch 
was  quickly  compensated  by  a  sweet.  The  wool  thus 
gathered  was  cleaned,  carded,  and  spun  into  good  worsted 
yarn,  and  the  Lillicrap  family  having  attained  to  much  skill, 
used  to  spin  for  less  skilful  neighbours,  or  those  who  had 
no  wheel.  A  mixture  of  the  wool  from  black  sheep 
gave  grey  worsted,  and  the  scales  from  the  blacksmith's 
forge  at  Meavy,  with  a  little  logwood  as  a  dye,  gave 
shades  of  brown.  Of  course  everybody  could  knit,  and 
use  up  the  worsted  for  their  own  domestic  purposes.  Weav- 
ing was  not  common  on  this  side  of  Dartmoor,  but  was 
much  practised  on  the  eastern  side,  where  in  villages  and 
hamlets  the  people  made  the  cloth  for  their  own  clothing.. 
But  for  roughing  it  on  the  Moor  warm  waterproof  coats 
were  made  by  using  a  sheep's  skin,  the  wool  on  the  inside, 
and  arms  stitched  on  where  the  fore  legs  came  through. 
And  warm  caps  of  rabbit  skin  were  common,  with  lappets 
coming  over  the  ears.  A  rhyme  was  sung  by  the  boys 
about  a  Moor-man  named  Trewin,  who  generally  appeared 
in  coat  and  leggings  of  '  ship-skin ' — 

"  Old  Hairy-to-win, 

No  breeches  to  wear, 
He  stole  a  rum's  skiu 

To  make  a  new  j»air. 
The  skiiiuy  side  out, 

And  the  wooUy  side  iu, 
Aud  thus  doth  go  the  old  Hairj'-to-win.'* 

However  uncouth  this  may  sound,  it  will  be  hard  to  beat 
these  garments  by  any  modern  contrivance,  either  for  warmth 
or  protection  from  rain  and  weather. 

The  straw  bonnets  and  hats  of  the  household  were  all 
home-made.  The  mother  aud  younger  children  gleaned  after 
the  harvest,  and  while  the  wheat  went  to  the  mill  the  straw 
or  reed  was  sorted  and  cut  into  lengths  from  knot  to  knot^ 
and  sorapeil  and  straightened  out  upon  boards,  and  was  then 
plaited  and  made  up  into  hats  and  bonnets.  In  the  Lilliciap 
household  more  were  made  than  the  family  required.  Parson 
Abbott  to  Meavy  yearly  bought  a  hat  for  2s.  6d.,  but  only 
Is^  i>A  was  charged  to  other  folks. 

Of  course  all  requirements  in  the  way  of  mats,  kneelers, 
bee-hives,  and  the  like  were  home-made,  of  either  straw  or 
rushes,  and  a  r^ular  trade  was  done  in  rushes^  which,  being 


ARTS  AND  CRAFTS  ON  DARTMOOR.  537 

half  stripped,  were  used  for  the  wick  of  rushlights ;  and  "  in 
our  house,"  added  Mrs.  Bidder,  "  we  used  to  make  mould 
candles,  and  sell  them  to  all  the  farms  around." 

Nor  was  this  the  only  advantage  of  living  near  the  moor ; 
for  during  the  summer  the  father  or  men  of  the  household 
cut  the  year's  supply  of  fuel — turf  and  fags — and  the  women 
and  children  "  tended  them  "  till  they  were  fit  to  "  save  "  and 
stack  for  winter  use.  And  connected  with  firing  were  the 
sulphur  matches  that  were  used  with  the  tinder-boxes,  into 
which  light  was  struck  with  steel  and  flint ;  but  in  the  Moor 
cottages  they  were  chiefly  articles  of  commerce,  for  the  peat 
fires  were  rarely,  if  ever,  allowed  to  go  out. 

An  implement  of  husbandry  that  has  now  died  out  was  in 
use  in  the  Lillicrap  family.  Having  the  run  of  certain  rocky 
brakes,  where  the  plough,  drawn  by  oxen  or  horses,  could  not 
be  used,  the  hand  plough  was  successfully  introduced,  and 
all  the  household  gave  a  hand  to  work  the  ground,  that 
yielded  good  store  of  barley,  potatoes,  &c. ;  nor  was  there  one 
of  the  lads  who  by  his  home  training,  though  subsequently 
becoming  artizans,  could  not  at  any  time  turn  his  hand  to 
hedging  and  ditching,  reaping  or  mowing.  These  various 
farming  and  gardening  operations  yielded  suitable  leavings, 
which  went  far  to  form  the  bacon,  fowls,  eggs,  &c.,  both  for 
sale  and  home  consumption ;  and  for  luxuries,  they  were  to 
be  had  by  the  exercise  of  a  little  enjoyable  employment. 
Blackberries,  whortleberries,  and  sloes  abounded,  and  with 
elderberries  made  excellent  wines,  besides  being  applied  to 
various  other  uses,  and  sent  to  market.  Then  these  particular 
friends  of  mine  grew  their  own  tea— i.e.,  special  herbs  that 
yielded  a  refreshing  beverage ;  for  tea  of  Cathay  was  deemed 
a  great  delicacy,  bought  only  by  the  half  ounce,  for  use  on 
grand  occasions.  Bees  were  largely  kept,  the  honey  and  wax 
yielding  merchantable  commodities,  and  the  bye  products 
excellent  metheglim  for  high  days  and  holidays. 

Well  might  my  old  friends  reflect  on  the  freedom  and 
independence  and  happiness  of  such  a  life,  wherein  they 
were  all  accustomed  to  turn  their  hands  to  any  useful  thing 
in  their  own  behalf.  No  fear  if  a  blizzard  came  round,  of 
starvation,  because  the  penny  duff  man  and  the  butcher  could 
not  get  within  measurable  distance  of  you.  Supplies  of 
barley  meal,  bacon,  potatoes  were  in  the  house,  while  the 
yeaf  8  fuel  was  at  the  door. 

I  have  thus  far  taken  no  note  of  many  productive 
delights,  on  which  it  may  not  be  prudent  to  dwell,  or 
minutely  to  consider,  but  in  which  arts  and  crafts  played  a 

VOL.  XXV.  2  M 


538         AHTS  AND  CRAFTS  ON  DARTMOOR. 

prominent  part  The  first  in  devising  "springels"  and 
fabricating  nets,  the  second  in  their  application,  the  art 
and  the  craft  unitedly  yielding  toothsome  blackbird,  snipe 
or  rabbit,  with 

**  Here  and  there  a  lusty  troat 

And  here  and  there  a  grayling." 

Time  forbids,  if  other  circumstances  do  not,  or  one  might 
dwell  with  deep  interest  on  the  arts  and  crafts  practised 
chiefly  during  the  hours  of  darkness,  or  when  the  moon 
and  stars  being  favourable  it  became 

*'  Our  delight  in  the  shining  niffht. 
In  the  seasons  of  the  year. 

That  went  so  far  to  make  up  the  pleasurable  excitements 
of  the  moorland  life — ^finest  cognac  delivered  at  the  cottage 
door  twice  weekly  (by  a  rag  and  bone  man  and  a  donkey- 
cart),  at  Is.  per  pint;  and  tobacco,  whether  for  mastication 
or  for  smoking,  such  as  the  degenerate  sons  of  toil  to-day 
don't  even  dream  of;  and  silk  dresses  for  the  squire's 
and  the  parson's  lady,  such  as  no  shop  in  Devonshire  can 
boast. 

But  all  the  arts  and  crafts  of  the  period  did  not 
tend  to  money  making,  quite  otherwise  with  some.  Music 
had  its  charms,  delivered  weekly  from  the  west  gallery  of 
the  parish  church,  and  on  other  occasions  in  the  village 
hostelry  and  on  the  village  green. 

In  Sheepstor  the  assembly-room  was  reached  by  winding 
stone  stairs.  "  Jan  Northmoor's "  old  fiddle  gave  forth  the 
music,  though  I  am  credibly  informed  that  art  and  craft  of  a 
high  order  was  needed  to  get  any  music  at  all  out  of  the 
instrument,  for,  added  another  of  my  friends,  "there 
never  wadn't  no  moosic  in  'un,  and  there  hain't  none 
now."  Both  fiddler  and  fiddle  survive  to  this  day,  the 
first  having  witnessed  the  erection  of  the  French  prisons 
"  to  Princetown,"  and  the  arrival  of  the  prisoners.  While 
the  young  people  danced  Jan  Northmoor  played  and  sang, 
the  whole  company  joining  in  the  choruses;  but  as  the 
night  wore  on,  and  the  familiar  ballads  were  all  used  up, 
the  genius  of  the  fiddler  was  stirred,  and  he  composed  as 
he  went  along,  making  hits  and  sallies  on  the  company 
whirling  around  him,  these  sinking  into  the  memory  of 
those  most  concerned ;  remnants  and  catches  still  surviva 

This  same  Jan  Northmore  carries  the  credit  of  being  the 
humane  protector  of  the  goose  that  laid  thirteen  eggs  in 


ABTS  AND  CRAFTS  ON  DARTMOOR.         539 

the  pulpit  of  Sheepstor  Charch,  and  through  his  intercession 
with  the  parson,  whom  he  induced  to  ''praich  the  sarment 
from  the  disk  these  wance/'  hatched  out  thirteen  "geese 
chicken."  But  this  same  worthy  subsequently  got  into 
trouble ;  for  suddenly  waking  up  one  sultry  Sunday  afternoon 
at  the  close  of  Parson  Patey's  sermon,  and  reaching  eagerly 
over  the  reading-desk,  he  called  "  Shilling  on  the  red  cock  ! " 
followed  by  an  awe-stricken  "  Amen,"  as  the  realities  of  his 
position  dawned  upon  him.  But  as  a  matter  of  strict  fact 
Jan  Northmore  was  not  the  parish  clerk,  he  was  only  his 
deputy,  for  the  real  clerk — by  some  irregularity  that  was 
winked  at — lived  at  Cadleigh,  in  the  parish  of  Cornwood,  so 
that  my  old  friend's  action  was  less  regular  even  than  that 
of  another  deputy  clerk,  in  a  parish  on  the  eastern  border  of 
the  Moor,  who,  doing  duty  in  a  chapel  of  ease,  signed  some 
official  document,  as  "Parish  Clerk,"  then  with  a  view  to 
strict  accuracy  wrote  "I  Vaint  the  rale  clerk,  I'm  only  he 
wot  say's  Amen  top  Sindays." 

Nor  are  we  behind  Jan  Northmore,  with  practice  of  the  art 
of  music,  for  one  of  my  young  craftsmen — Albert  Elliott,  of 
Kingskerswell — trained  under  the  "new  order"  of  village 
life,  has  written  a  very  musical  little  pastoral  symphony, 
with  the  parts  for  each  instrument  in  the  village  band,  in 
which  he  plays  the  second  cornet. 

Much  skill  or  "  craft "  was  needed,  to  successfully  play  the 
game  of  skittles  that  the  village  maidens  of  the  country-side 
were  encouraged  to  perform,  on  Trinity  Tuesday,  at  Meavy 
Oak.  They  were  set  round  in  a  "race,"  and  took  turns  of  three 
balls  each,  the  one  that  made  the  highest  score  got  the  highest 
prize,  which  might  be  a  gown,  or  bonnet,  or  cap,  &c.,  the 
entrance  of  3d.  or  under  being  paid  for  every  maiden  by  her 
young  man.  The  skittles  were  followed  by  a  substantial  tea ; 
then  dancing  to  Jan  Northmoor's  fiddle,  during  which  the 
men  refreshed  themselves  with  grogs  or  beer — cider  being  too 
common  a  drink  for  these  occasions — their  partners  taking 
"  shrub." 

Much  of  interest  and  romance  concerning  the  employments 
and  pastimes  of  the  borderland  of  Dartmoor  during  the  first 
half  of  this  century  might  be  collected,  and  their  source  and 
origin  traced,  both  of  those  practised  by  the  children,  and 
those  practised  by  their  elders,  many  combining  the  useful 
with  the  entertaining,  e,g,,  the  "  sweeling  "  fires  in  the  early 
spring,  and  which  if  too  far  out  in  the  moor  to  carry  a  live 
peat,  could  only  be  started  after  a  vigorous  and  exciting 
struggle  with  the  tinder  box.     The  "  drift  driving  "  in  the  fall 

2  M  2 


540         ABTS  AND  CRAFTS  ON  DABTMOOR. 

of  the  year,  when  the  cattle  were  gathered  off  the  moor,  and 
the  farm  'prentice  lads  at  their  first  drift  were  suspended  by 
their  necks  to  the  "  Hanging  Stone,"  by  way  of  **  footing  "  or 
initiation  into  the  rights  of  moor-men.  The  exhilarating 
*'  driving "  of  the  rabbits  at  Trowlesworthy  and  Ditsworthy 
warrens,  when  the  hills  were  covered  with  snow,  and  the  moon 
at  the  full. 

I  cannot  recall  any  of  the  employments  of  the  Moor,  that 
were  not  regarded  by  the  Moor  folk  without  zest  and  pleasure, 
and  the  Lillicrap  family,  of  whose  busy  household  life  I  have 
given  some  account,  was  a  pattern  of  many  another.  Of 
hardships  there  were  many,  but  in  the  remembrance  of  the 
delights  of  busy  and  useful  lives,  they  are  either  lost  sight 
of,  or  treated  lightly. 

The  reflection  that  this  brief  review  is  designed  to  evoke 
is,  that  if  fifty  years  ago  the  cottager  of  our  most  secluded 
districts  enjoyed  the  independence  and  freedom  that  he 
undoubtedly  did  enjoy,  how  much  greater  should  it  be  to-day 
with  all  the  aids  that  Parliaments  and  science  bring  to  him 
— €.^.,  garden  allotments  or  small  holdings  &c.,  where  at  the 
least  he  may  grow  all  and  abundantly  the  garden  stuffs 
needed  by  his  family.  Or  motive  power  for  mechanical 
appliances  that  may  be  brought  to  his  door  by  electricity  or 
compressed  air,  direct  from  its  source  of  origin,  on  the  banks 
of  the  mountain  stream. 

It  is  encouraging  to  know  that  while  the  old  order 
changeth,  the  new  order  that  is  overtaking  us  is  yielding 
greater  efficiency,  greater  individuality,  greater  independence 
in  our  workers,  who  none  too  soon  are  becoming  less  of  a 
detail  of  a  complicated  piece  of  mechanism,  which,  if  the 
smallest  flaw  occurs,  is  thrown  completely  out  of  gear,  and 
all  depending  on  the  organisation  are  thrown  into  confu- 
sion and  an  unproductive  condition. 

It  is  encouraging  to  see  the  interest  aroused  amongst 
many  of  our  leading  men  of  to-day  to  this  question  (under 
whatsoever  name  it  be  treated)  of  arts  and  crafts  for  the 
people. 

A  leading  statesman  has  just  said,  "  Human  energies, 
faculties,  and  habits — physical,  mental,  and  moral — that 
directly  contribute  to  make  men  industrially  efficient,  increase 
their  power  of  producing  wealth.  Manual  skill  and  intelli- 
gence are  included  in  the  personal  wealth  of  the  nation." 


THE  STONE  EOWS   OF  DARTMOOR 

Part  II. 

BY     R.      N.      WORTH,     P.G.8. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


In  the  course  of  my  paper  on  the  "Stone  Rows  of 
Dartmoor,"  read  at  the  Plymouth  meeting  of  this  Associa- 
tion, ^  I  remarked  that  while  some  of  the  rows  which 
formerly  existed  had  without  doubt  disappeared,  it  was 
extremely  unlikely  that  all  yet  extant  were  recorded.  This 
statement  was  verified,  while  the  paper  was  in  the  press,  in 
the  discovery  by  Mr.  R  Bumard  of  an  undescribed  row  at 
Assycombe.  Since  then  he  has  ascertained  the  existence  of 
two  more,  for  descriptions  of  which  I  am  again  much 
indebted  to  him ;  one  has  been  discovered  by  the  Rev.  S. 
Baring-Gould;  and  I  have  myself  found  another  (with 
possible  indications  of  a  fourth)  at  Merivale,  and  also 
remains  of  others  on  Cocks  Tor. 

Merivale, 

A  recent  visit,  under  exceptionally  favourable  conditions 
of  soil  and  atmosphere  and  their  concomitants,  to  Merivale, 
has  resulted  in  the  discovery  of  the  remains  of  a  third  stone 
row  there,  and  apparently  of  traces  of  a  fourth.  The 
distinct  row  is  connected  with  the  great  menhir,  and  it  seems 
very  remarkable  that,  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  it  has  never  been 
noticed  befora  Possibly  attention  has  been  concentrated  on 
the  more  important  memorials — the  well-known  double 
"avenues."  This  row,  so  far  as  visible,  is  now  represented 
by  three  small  stones,  equally  spaced,  immediately  south  of 
the  menhir,  and  tending  slightly  east  of  south  in  a  line  not 
precisely  from  the  menhir,  but  from  a  point  in  the  eastern 
half  of  its  circumscribing  circle.     On  two  points  there  can 

*  Trans.  Dcv.  Assoc,  xxiv.  387-417. 


542  THE  8T0ME  ROWS  OF  DARTMOOB. 

be  no  question.  First,  that  these  three  stones  represent 
a  formerly  existing  row ;  and,  secondly,  that  it  was  connected 
with  the  menhir ;  and  it  is  speciidly  worthy  of  note  that  the 
direction  of  this  menhir  row  should  be  so  nearly  north  and 
south,  while  that  of  the  two  great  double  rows  is  practically 
west-north-west  and  east-south-east. 

Immediately  to  the  east  of  the  menhir  is  a  low  ring  of 
grass-grown  stones  hollowed  in  the  centre  to  the  natural 
level  of  the  ground,  which  may  either  be  the  outer  rim  of  a 
small  ransacked  cairn,  some  six  feet  in  diameter,  or  the 
disturbed  stones  of  a  small  circle.  The  former  is  more 
probable;  but  it  may  possibly  have  been  that  they  once 
enclosed  another  menhir.  This,  however,  must  remain 
purely  matter  of  speculation. 

The  existence  of  a  row  in  connection  with  this  cairn  or 
circle  is  suggested  by  a  few  low  stones  in  line,  pointing  much 
in  the  same  direction  as  the  remains  of  the  row  attached  to 
the  menhir,  but  not  precisely.  And  while  I  think  it  veiy 
likely  that  such  a  row  may  have  existed,  I  only  note  it  here, 
not  as  a  certain  fact,  but  as  a  possibility  which  ought  to  be 
put  upon  record,  and  which  may  have  its  value  in  estimating 
the  frequency  of  this  special  form  of  sepulchral  memorial 
on  Dartmoor. 

Laiigh  Tor. 

I  give  the  description  of  this  row  from  tlie  notes  kindly 
supplied  me  by  Mr.  Burnard.  Laugh  Tor  will  be  found  on 
Sheet  cvii. — N.E. — of  the  new  six-inch  Survey. 

"The  'avenue'  intersects  the  wall  which  divides  Huccaby 
and  Laugh  Tor  newtakes,  at  a  point  about  250  yards  south 
of  the  rectangular  enclosure  at  some  time  used  as  a  cattle  or 
sheep  fold,  on  the  slope  of  Laugh  Tor.  It  has  a  direction 
from  south-east  to  north-west,  and  tlie  existing  remains  show 
that  it  was  at  least  657  feet  long.  On  the  south-east  side  of 
the  newtake  wall  is  a  group  of  seven  stones,  whilst  on  the 
north-east  side  of  this  boundary  there  are  eight  stones, 
terminating  with  a  fine  prostrate  meuliir  over  twelve  feet 
long,  which  near  the  base  is  two  feet  thick  and  tapers  to, 
ten  inches  at  the  top  The  stones  between  these  two  groups 
have  disappeared — probably  they  went  to  help  build  the  new- 
take  wall.  The  '  avenue '  character  of  the  existing  stones  is 
very  clear.  In  the  south-east  group  it  is  nine  feet  wide  ;  in 
the  north-west  group  it  is  five  feet.  There  are  now  no  cairns 
or  kistvaens  visible,  but  there  are  indications  of  both.  The 
stones  now  standing  are  only  from  one  to  two  feet  high. 


THE  STONE  ROWS  OF  DARTMOOB.  543 

excepting  at  the  commeDcement  of  the  south-east  group, 
where  two  of  the  stones  are  double  this  height  The 
immediate  locality  must  at  some  time  have  been  rich  in 
stone  remains.  In  the  inner  and  outer  Huccaby  newtakes 
there  are  two  large  circular  enclosures,  remains  of  hut  circles, 
and  a  little  west  and  north-west  of  Laugh  Tor  there  are  some 
of  the  finest  kistvaens  on  Dartmoor/' 


Conies  Down, 

For  the  account  of  this  row  I  am  also  indebted  to  Mr.  S. 
Bumard,  the  fortunate  discoverer. 

"  It  lies  between  Conies  Down  Tor  and  Conies  Down  (98 
S.E.  six-inch  new  Ordnance  Survey)  starting  from  a  congeries 
of  stones  near  the  Lichway,  and  running  south-south-west 
to  north-north-east  It  is  588  feet  long  and  terminates  close 
to  a  large  prostrate  slab  which  I  think  closed  the  upper  end 
of  the  '  avenue.'  About  the  centre  of  the  line  there  are  faint 
indications  of  a  barrow  or  cairn;  but  no  decided  and  dis- 
tinctively sepulchral  remains  now  exist  Less  than  a  dozen 
stones  are  upright,  most  are  fiat  and  buried.  There  is  a  small 
cluster  of  hut  circles  near  Cowsic  Fork.  The  discovery  brings 
such  remains  much  nearer  Beardown  Man. 

Latcnceston  Moor. 

The  row  on  Launceston  Moor,  near  White  Tor,  was  dis- 
covered by  the  Eev.  S.  Baring-Gould  in  June  last  It  was 
probably,  when  complete,  about  140  yards  long,  but  never 
could  have  been  of  much  importance,  save  for  the  excep- 
tionally fine  menhir — prostrate  when  noted,  but  now  re- 
erected  by  the  Duke  of  Bedford — at  its  southern  end.  This  is 
eleven  feet  eight  inches  in  total  length,  with  a  greatest  breadth 
of  two  feet  one  inch,  and  thickness  of  one  foot  seven  inches. 
There  is  no  doubt,  as  Mr.  Baring-Gould  suggests,  that  this 
menhir  gave  name  to  the  locality  first  as  Longstone,  then 
corrupted  into  Launceston,  Moor.  It  lay  directly  by  the  side 
of  the  Lichway,  which  crosses  the  row  close  to  its  northern 
end,  as  if  the  menhir  had  been  taken  as  a  guide.  The  row 
runs  20  degrees  east  of  south  and  west  of  north,  and  began 
at  the  northern  end  with  a  cairn  or  barrow,  of  which  there 
is  now  only  left  a  kind  of  saucer-shaped  rim,  about  eight 
yards  across.  Round  this  there  seems  to  have  been  the 
customary  circle  of  stones.  The  row  itself  is  very  dilapidated. 
There  are  only  eighteen  stones  that  can  be  certainly  regarded 


544  THE  STONE  ROWS'  OF  DARTMOOR. 

as  in  place,  with  two  additional  doubtful  ones,  and  the  former 
vary  from  sixty  feet  to  four  feet  apart  Probably  they  averaged 
some  five  feet  originally,  in  which  case  three-fourths  have 
disappeared.  The  largest  stone  in  the  row  is  but  18  inches 
above  the  surface ;  and,  with  the  menhtr,  they  are  all  of  the 
epidiorite  or  gabbro  of  the  locality.  I  have  no  doubt  the 
row  is  single. 

A  short  distance  to  the  west  are  the  remains  of  an  impor- 
tant boundary  bank,  with  some  long  stones,  standing  and 
fallen,  ranging  up  to  nearly  eight  feet  in  length,  and  it  has 
been  suggested  that  these  were  probably  removed  from  the 
row.  But  1  do  not  think  so.  The  quantity  of  stones  in  the 
bank  is  so  great  as  to  render  the  contents  of  the  row  quite 
insgnificant  by  comparison.  Moreover,  the  bank  evidently 
includes  the  remains  of  one  or  more  cairns  in  situ.  I  think 
it  quite  possible,  however,  that  there  may  have  been  another 
row  here  connected  with  the  cairns,  and  that  these  were 
utilised  as  the  nucleus  of  this  later  bank,  which  has  much 
the  same  orientation  as  the  row.  The  long  stones  in  the 
enclosure  of  the  great  *  pound '  above  Tavy  Cleave,  between 
Ger  Tor  and  Hare  Tor,  have  however  quite  the  aspect  of  a  row 
in  the  distance,  and  they  were  clearly  never  used  for  any- 
thing but  their  present  purpose.  Still  further  from  the  Laun- 
ceston  row  to  the  eastward  there  are  a  few  stones  in  line  just 
above  the  surface,  which  may  be  the  remnants  of  another.  To 
the  westward,  nearer  White  Tor,  is  the  kistvaen  described  by 
Dr.  Prowse,^  and  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  orientation  of 
this  and  of  Mr.  Baring-Gould's  row  practically  coincide. 

Cocks  Tor. 

The  slight  sinkage  of  the  surface  of  the  plateau  on  the  top 
of  Cocks  Tor,  consequent  upon  the  late  drought,  brought  to 
view  evident  traces  of  circled  cairns  and  of  at  least  one  row  of 
low  stones,  the  direction  of  which  was  practically  the  same  as 
that  on  Launceston  Moor.  These  remains  are  not  under 
ordinary  circumstances  very  distinct.  One  small  cairn — it 
may  be  a  kistvaen — has  two  circles  round  it,  about  eight  feet 
and  sixteen  feet  in  diameter  respectively ;  and  this  has  traces 
of  a  row.  In  another  case  the  circles  appear  to  have  been 
about  seven  and  eleven  feet  in  diameter.  Two  larger  circles 
are  some  twenty-four  feet  across,  and  one  encloses  the  remains 
of  a  cairn  or  barrow.  The  remains  on  Launceston  Moor,  with 
those  on  Cocks  Tor,  bring  the  rows  within  the  Tavy  water- 

•  TraTis,  Dcv.  Assoc,  xxi.  167. 


THE  STONE  BOWS  OF  DABTUOOR. 


545 


shed,  where  they  were  unkaown  when  I  laat  wrote.  The  only 
river  valleys  of  Dartmoor  from  which  record  is  now  wanting, 
and  where  I  have  as  yet  failed  to  find  any  traces,  are  those  of 
the  Lyd  and  the  Okements.  Possibly  they  will  turn  up  there 
some  day. 


lh-izzlecom.be. 
To  make  these  uutes  complete  it  is  necessary  to  record  here 
the  re-erection  of  the  three  menhirs  of  the  rows  at  Drizzle- 
combe,  one  of  which,  eighteen  feet  in  length,  now  stands 
about  fourteen  feet  above  ground,  and  is  by  far  the  finest  in 
the  West  of  England.  The  work  was  executed  by  the  kind 
permission  of  Sir  Massey  Lopes,  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  Kev.  S.  Baring-Gould,  Mr.  R  Bumard,  and  Mr.  R 


546  THE  STONE  KOWS  OF  DARTMOOB. 

HansfoTd  Worth;  and  a  reproduction  from  a  photograph 
taken  by  the  ktter  gentleman  immediately  on  the  completion 
of  this  process  is  here  annexed.  The  Bev.  S.  Baring-Gould 
and  Mr.  Bumard  are  on  the  left  next  the  menhir ;  the  Bev. 
W.  Gray,  of  Meavy,  on  the  right. 


POSTSCRIPT. 
Challacomle, 

Since  this  paper  was  read  the  Bev.  S.  Baring-Gould  and 
Mr.  B.  Barnard  have  investigated  and  "restored" — setting 
up  fallen  stones  in  the  readily-discernable  original  pits  in  the 
subsoil  —  the  rows  between  Birch  Tor  and  Challacombe 
Down,  opposite  Grimspound,  originally  discovered  by  Mr. 
John  Prideaux  in  1828,  as  set  forth  in  my  paper  last  year. 
In  addition,  however,  to  the  triple  rows  observed  by  him, 
they  state  that  there  are  remains  of  five  others ;  but  while 
the  original  three  are  tolerably  perfect,  the  others  are 
represented  only  by  from  two  to  six  stones  each.  The  rows 
range  528  feet  in  length — north-north-west  and  south-south- 
east, terminating  in  a  menhir  eight  feet  six  inches  in  height 
and  five  feet  in  breadth  at  the  base.  103  stones  in  all  are 
recorded.  The  number  of  rows  is  thus  precisely  the  same  as  in 
the  group  on  Coryndon  Ball — which  no  longer  remains  unique 
— but,  although  of  less  importance,  the  latter  seems  to  be  more 
complete.  I  have  not,  however,  unfortunately,  been  able  to 
avail  myself  of  the  opportunity  of  personal  inspection  at 
Challacombe ;  and  these  brief  notes  must  only  be  taken  as 
completing  the  record  so  far  as  ascertained,  pending  a  detailed 
description  by  the  '*  restorers." 


BROADBURY  AND  ITS  ANCIENT  EARTHWORKS. 

BY    J.     M.     MARTIN,     C.B.,     BTO. 
(Head  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


Happening  casually  to  observe,  a  short  time  since,  on  the 
geologically  coloured  Ordnance  map  of  1808 — a  spot  which  I 
remembered  in  my  boyhood,  but  which  I  had  not  since  seen, 
and  scarcely  heard  of — I  decided  to  take  some  early  oppor- 
tunity to  revisit  it,  and  some  other  objects  of  interest  in  the 
neighbourhood. 

The  special  object  of  my  pilgrimage  was  Broadbury  Castle, 
which,  as  I  reproduced  it  from  the  vague  recollection  of  my 
boyhood,  was  an  extensive  area  enclosed  by  an  immense 
embankment,  which,  to  my  youthful  mind,  could  only  have 
been  raised  by  the  giants  of  olden  time;  and  the,  or  some 
of  the,  numerous  barrows  which  are  to  be  found  west,  north, 
and  east  of  ic,  numbering  in  a  space  less  than  seven  miles 
from  west  to  east,  and  three  miles  from  north  to  south,  no 
fewer  than  thirty-one,  most  of  which  have  distinctive 
appellations. 

This  earthwork,  and  the  barrows  associated  therewith,  are 
only  referred  to  by  our  Barrow  Committee  in  their  first 
report,  and  then  only  in  the  form  of  a  short  extract  from 
Polwhele. 

•  As  this  extract  is  only  partial,  I  venture  to  quote  the 
whole  references  that  Polwhele  makes  to  these  earthworks, 
embodying  therein  what  has  already  been  cited  by  the 
Committee. 

"To  the  south-east  of  Holsworthy  lies  Broadbury  Castle,  the 
simplicity  of  which  inclines  me  to  place  it  to  the  account  of  these 
times  "  (i.e.  the  "  second  scene  "  of  Roman  occupation  and  military 
works),  ''intended  probably  to  guard  this  part  of  the  Roman 
province  against  the  incursions  of  the  Irish.  The  Castle,  as  Dean 
Mills  described  it  in  1755,  is  a  rectangular  oblong  square,  encom- 


548  BROADBURY  AND   ITS  ANCIENT  EARTHWORKS. 

passed  with  a  single  vallum  and  fosse.  The  fosse  is  about  25 
feet  broad  at  the  top.  The  area  within  the  vallum,  from  north 
to  south,  is  225  feet;  from  east  to  west,  186  feet.  It  has  four 
gates  or  entrances  into  it"    (YoL  i.  pp.  186  note,  and  189  text.) 

''  I  have  already  noticed  Broadbury  Castle,  yet  I  conceive  it  was 
occupied  at  this  crisis"  (the  third  Eoman  military  period)  '*for 
defence  against  the  Saxons."  "  In  the  parish  of  Northlew,"  says 
Eisdon,  ''there  is  an  old  fortification,  including  a  large  plot  of 
ground  known  by  the  name  of  Bradbury  Castle."  Kisdon  thinks 
it  was  British.  ''  Such  ramparts  "  (says  he)  "  were  raised  in  the 
Saxon's  reign,  by  the  Britons,  for  refuge  of  their  cattle  when  the 
enemy  foraged  abroad."     (p.  189  note.) 

Then  follows  the  extract  quoted  by  the  Barrows  Com- 
mittee : — 

''In  the  neighbourhood  of  Broadbury  Castle  there  are  several 
barroics,  which  plainly  show  that  some  battle  had  been  fought 
there.  .  .  .  One  of  these  barrows,  about  half  a  mile  to  the  north- 
west of  the  Castle,  in  the  great  road  from  Okehampton  to  Hols- 
worthy,  is  called  Henda-Barrow,  which  seems  to  be  a  Saxon 
nama" 

The  extract  ceases  here,  but  the  original  goes  on : — 

"  From  the  name  as  well  as  the  position  of  the  barrow  I  should 
infer  that  Broadbury  Castle  was  seized  at  this  moment,  by  the 
Britons  or  Saxons;  not  that  it  originated  in  the  present  contest 
Such  indeed  was  probably  the  case  with  Clovelly  Dykes  and  many 
other  entrenchments  of  the  second  class.''     (p.  189  note.) 

The  area  of  the  interior,  calculated  from  Dean  Mills's 
measurements,  would  be  close  upon  an  acre  (.96),  but  the 
recent  six  inch  Ordnance  map  makes  it  an  acre  and  a  half — 
not  a  large  area  in  which  to  enclose  cattle,  as  the  Dean 
suggests ;  and  I  am  rather  inclined  to  Polwhele's  opinion,  as 
I  understand  it,  that  Broadbury  Castle,  and  many  other 
intrenchments  in  North  and  West  Devon  of  a  similar 
rectangular  and  simple  character,  were  constructed  by  the 
Romans  to  resist  the  incursions  of  the  Irish,  but  that  they 
might,  and  probably  would,  have  been  used  to  oppose  Saxon 
invaders,  either  by  the  Romans,  or  the  Romanised  Britons 
who  succeeded  them  in  the  occupation  of  the  works  they 
had  constructed. 

I  was  much  disappointed  on  my  visit  to  find  that  the 
ramparts  of  the  Castle,  to  which  my  recollection,  confirmed 
by  that  of  others,  gave  a  height  of  over  fifteen  feet,  had  been 
levelled,  and  the  fosse  filled  up,  so  that  there  was  absolutely 


BROADBURY  ADD   ITS  ANCIENT  EARTHWORKS.  549 

nothing  to  mark  the  site,  save  some  slight  difference  in  the 
appearance  of  the  pasturage  where  the  old  defences  had 
stood. 

This  act  of  Vandalism  occurred  about  twenty  years  ago, 
and  was  preceded  or  accompanied  by  a  general  inclosure  of 
the  old  common  moor  by  earth  banks  or  hedges  five  to  six 
feet  high,  mostly  surmounted  by  that  brutal  invention  barbed 
wire,  and  without  leaving  any  footpaths  across  country. 

Instead,  therefore,  of-  roaming  over  the  common  as  I  had 
hoped  to  do,  in  straight  lines  from  barrow  to  barrow,  I  had 
to  make  long  detours  from  one  to  another  along,  for  a  great 
part,  rough  and  steep  roads,  which  made  it  impossible  for 
me  to  reach  the  more  distant  barrows  in  the  time  at  my 
disposal,  and  I  only  succeeded  in  reaching  the  sites  of  a 
dozen  of  them. 

Two  of  these  barrows — Hinda  Barrow  and  Thorn  Barrow 
— were  in  dense  plantations,  the  lower  branches  being  so 
close  to  die  ground,  and  so  intermingled,  as  to  prevent  the 
sight  from  penetrating  more  than  a  few  feet  from  the  inclosing 
hedge,  or  the  entrance  of  any  animal  larger  than  a  small  dog, 
without  lopping  some  of  the  branches,  which  I  had  no 
authoiity  nor  means  for  doing,  much  as  I  desired  to  see  these 
barrows,  especially  the  first  named. 

The  two  Stowford  barrows  have  been  levelled,  and  traces 
of  their  existence  can  only  be  found  by  carefully  examining 
the  ground. 

Two  barrows  (unnamed),  in  a  field  near  the  Castle,  have 
been  partially  levelled,  so  as  to  be  ploughable ;  but  they  still 
have  a  height  of  from  two  and  a  haK  to  three  feet,  with  a 
depression  in  the  centre,  indicating  that  they  have  either  been 
opened,  or  that  there  has  been  some  subsidence.  The  diameter 
of  these  barrows  between  the  outer  edges  of  the  slopes  is  about 
twenty-three  yards. 

The  three  Brins worthy  Barrows  are  low  mounds  in  rough 
pasture  land  with  furze  bushes,  and  present  much  the  same 
appearance  as  the  two  just  mentioned,  as  also  does  Upcot's 
Barrow,  which  is  in  an  arable  field,  newly  cropped,  barrow 
and  all.  The  latter  is  only  about  two  and  a  half  feet  high, 
and  has  also  a  central  depression. 

Foxhole  Barrow,  the  largest  inspected,  is  somewhat  over 
fifty  yards  in  diameter.  It  is  only  about  two  feet  above  the 
general  level  of  the  ground,  and  has  apparently  been  opened 
in  the  centre,  where  furze  bushes  were  growing. 

Yeworthy  Barrow  retains  more  of  its  original  proportions 
than  any  of  the  others.     It  is  surrounded  by,  and  to  some 


550  BROADBURY  AND  ITS  ANCIENT  EARTHWORKS. 

extent  overgrown  with,  furze.  It  has  a  diameter  of  thirty- 
three  yards  and  a  height  of  five  and  a  haK  feet,  and  the 
slopes  are  still  steep  and  almost  unclimbable,  except  where  a 
trench  has  been  cut  from  the  southern  side  to  the  centre, 
which  has  obviously  been  excavated;  and  there  is  another 
pit  on  the  north-east  of  the  central  one. 

I  have  not  named  these  barrows  in  the  precise  order  in 
which  I  reached  them,  but  they  are  all  shown  on  the  old 
one-inch  map,  and  all,  with  the  exception  of  the  obliterated 
Stowford  Barrow  and  Thorn  Barrow,  on  the  recent  six  inch 
map.  They  are  all  on  a  high  ridge  of  land  forming  a  crescent, 
of  which  Hinda  Barrow  occupies  the  centre,  and  the  unvisited 
barrows  are  mostly  upon  other  ridges  to  the  northwest  of  the 
principal  ridge;  four,  however,  are  N.N.E.  from  Broadbury 
Castle,  and  within  a  mile  thereof. 

The  crest  of  the  main  ridge,  which  constitutes  a  watershed, 
from  the  north  side  of  which  streamlets  run  north  into  the 
Torridge  river  system,  and  from  the  south  and  west  into  that 
of  the  Tamar,  has  an  elevation  at  Thorn  Barrow  on  the  west, 
of  about  630  feet,  rising  steadily  to  Hinda  Barrow,  where  it 
has  an  elevation  of  83(5  feet.  Between  Hinda  Barrow  and 
Broadbury  Castle  the  ridge  constitutes  a  "saddle-back," 
descending  to  about  730  feet,  and  rising  again  to  the  highest 
point  of  917  feet,  at  which  elevation  the  Castle  was  con- 
structed. 

The  commanding  position  of  the  Castle  cannot  now  be 
realized  from  its  site,  on  account  of  the  high  hedges  which 
shut  out  the  view  on  all  sides  but  the  north-east;  but  the 
panorama  must  have  been  a  grand  one,  and  can  be  mostly 
seen  from  other  but  less  elevated  parts  of  the  ridge.  The 
whole  of  the  west  escarpment  of  Dartmoor  from  Cosdon 
Beacon  southward,  is  magnificently  displayed.  Brent  Tor 
stands  up  most  prominently,  and  the  horizon  line  is  continued 
by  Kingston  Down,  the  Cornish  moors,  and  the  high  land 
towards  the  west  coast  of  Cornwall  and  of  North  Devon; 
and  Exmoor  and  the  Black  Down  Hills  complete  the  circle. 
In  clear  weather  the  visit  would  be  worth  paying  for  the  sake 
of  the  view  alone,  which  embraces  probably  the  most 
extensive  and  complete  panorama  to  be  had  at  such  an 
elevation  from  any  point  in  Devon. 

In  concluding  this  crude  and  very  unworthy  notice  of  this 
interesting  district,  I  would  draw  attention  to  the  way  in 
which  the  recent  Ordnance  Surveyors  have  altered  not  only 
the  spelling,  but  the  very  meaning  of  the  place-names  of  the 
area  under  review. 


BROADBURT  AND  ITS  ANCIENT  EARTHWORKS.  551 

For  instance, 

Sacham  is  turned  into  Seccombe 

Blackworthy    „  „  Blagrow 

Benyton  „  „  Berrington 

Greenworthy   „  „  Grimsworthy 

Moor  Farm      „  „  Morson 

Chelmsworthy  „  „  Chimsworthy 

Verdon  „  „  Voulsdon  and  Voaden 

Mendor  „  „  Maindea 

Brimsworthy   „  „  Beamsworthy 

Bunen  „  „  Greendown 

and,  worst  of  all, 

Hinda  Barrow  „      Henderbarrow. 

I  have  counted  upwards  of  forty  variations  from  about 
sixty  names  on  the  old  map;  whilst  Longstone  Cross,  by 
Broadbury  Castle,  which  was  probably  a  well-known  land- 
mark; and  the  site  of  Wallon's  Gibbet,  from  which  one 
man  certainly,  and  possibly  many  more,  as  his  age  is  not 
great,  remembers  seeing  the  chains  dangling,  are  altogether 
omitted. 

So  that,  if  philologists  should  hereafter  base  a  history  of 
this  district  on  the  place-names  shown  on  the  new  map,  after 
the  old  has  become  obsolete,  it  must  necessarily  differ  much 
from  similar  deductions  from  the  more  ancient  premises; 
and  if  corresponding  diflferences  exist  in  other  parts  of  the 
kingdom,  the  whole  local  history  of  the  nation  may  be 
eventually  recast. 

The  monuments  of  the  famous  men  of  old  are  not  only  being 
physically  destroyed,  but  their  very  names  and  memory 
seem  to  be  in  a  fair  way  to  be  obliterated  by  this  wanton 
process  of  re-christening. 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOG^IAPHY. 

QLBANBD  BT  JOHN   INOLE   DREDGB. 
(Reftd  at  Torquay,  July,  1893.) 


RiFSRSNCbB.— B.M..  British  MoMam  Library;  Bod.,  Tho  Bodleian  Library;  Dr. 
W.'i  Lib.,  Dr.  D.  WllliamB's  Library ;  J.  I.  D.,  The  Writer'g  Library ;  [pp.  iv.]  so  inclosed 
denotes  that  those  pages  are  unnombered. 

The  title  of  any  book  not  yet  actually  examined  is  given  within  square-headed  brackets 
thus  [....],  with  the  authority.  

"^tfie  ipourtfi  Sbfteaf. 

AsHwooD  (Bartholomew). 

Entered  St  Alban's  Hall,  Oxford,  and  matriculated,  as  the 
son  of  a  Warwickshire  minister,  22  March  1638-9,  aged  16; 
removed  to  Exeter  College,  where  he  appears  as  a  battellar 
10  March  1640-1  to  6  January  1642-3 ;  B.A.  13  Dec.  1642 ;  and 
soon  after  beneficed.  Presented  to  the  Vicarage  of  Axminster 
by  Sir  John  Drake  Knt.  and  Bart,  and  admitted  13  February 
1661.  Ejected  from  his  vicarage  in  1662,  and  became  the 
minister  of  the  Nonconformist  Chapel  at  Axminster.  He 
died  27  August,  1678.  Calamy  supposes  a  Bartholomew 
Ashwood  sequestered  at  Bickleigh  to  be  the  same.  This 
could  not  be,  he  having  held  that  living  from  1610;  probably 
he  was  his  father. 

Cf,  Wood's  Athenm  Oxoniensis,  iii.  1272 ;  Calamy's  AccoutU^  249  ;  Con- 
tinucUimi,  850 ;  Orme's  Life  of  Dr.  Jtw.  Owen,  609  ;  Palmer's  Noncon. 
Memorialf  ii.  3  ;  Walker's  Sufferings,  pt.  ii.  182  ;  Oliver's  Monasticon,  JJ19 ; 
Polwhele's  Devon,  iii.  359  ;  Tht  Axmimtcr  Ecclesiastica.  Reynold's  Fun. 
Ser.for  Rev,  John  Ashwood,  1707  (the  son  of  our  Bartholomew) ;  Davidson's 
Axminster,  p.  43. 

la.  The  Heavenly  Trade,  or  the  Best  Merchandizing :  The 
only  way  to  live  well  in  Impoverishing  Times.  A  Discourse 
occasioned  from  the  decay  of  Earthly  Trades,  and  visible 
wastes  of  Practical  Piety  in  the  day  we  live  in,  ofifering 
Arguments  and  Counsels  to  all,  towards  a  speedy  revival  of 
dying   Godliness  and  timely  prevention  of   the  dangerous 


A  FEW  SHEAVES   OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  553 

issues  thereof  impending  on  us.  Necessary  for  all  Families. 
By  Bartholomew  Ash  wood  Minister  of  the  Gospel.  [Quotations 
in  English,  Latin,  and  Greek,  11  lines.] 

London^  Printed  for  Samuel  Lee  near  Pope's  Head  Alley, 
over  against  the  Posthouse  in  Lombard  Street,  1679. 

8vo.  Title  and  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  my  honoured  Friend 
Mr.  Jeremy  Hoi  way,  Merchant  in  Bristol,"  4  leaves ;  To 
the  Readers,  12  leaves;  Treatise  on  Pro  v.  iii.  14,  pp. 
467  ;  Table  8  leaves.  [J.  I.  D.] 

In  the  Epis.  Dedicatory  he  says,  "  Sir,  both  equity 
and  Interest  do  give  you  a  peculiar  claim  to  this  offspring 
of  my  weak  Labours,  it  being  born  in  your  House,  and 
drawing  its  first  breath  in  your  famous  city.  Twas  with 
you  I  had  the  occasion,  and  from  your  self  the  practical 
encouragement  to  treat  on  this  Subject;  while  under 
your  Roof  I  enjoyed  for  divers  weeks  the  advantage  of 
your  converse,  and  beheld  in  yo\ir  expressions  and  con- 
versation a  fair  display  of  this  Heavenly  Trade." 

1& The  Second  Edition  Corrected.     By  Bartholomew 

Ashwood,  Minister  of  the  Gospel  Author  of  The  Best 
Treasure.  [Quotations,  10  lines.] 

London,  Printed  for  William  Marshall  at  the  Bible  in 
Newgate-st'^eet,  MDCLXXXVIll. 

Svo.  The  same  description  as  No.  la.  The  only  new  part 
is  the  title  page ;  evidently  a  bookseller's  trick  to  push 
into  the  market  unsold  copies.  [J.  I.  D.] 

2.  The  Best  Treasure;  or.  The  Way  to  be  Truly  Rich. 
Being  a  Discourse  on  Ephes :  3.  8.  Wherein  is  opened  and 
commended  to  Saints  and  Sinners  the  Personal  and  Purchased 
Riches  of  Christ,  as  the  best  Treasure,  to  be  pursu'd,  and 
ensur'd  by  all  that  would  be  happy  here  and  hereafter.  By 
Bartholomew  Ashwood,  Late  Minister  of  the  Gospel ;  Author 
of  The  Heavenly  Trade.  [Quotations,  7  lines.] 

LONDON,  Printed  for  William  Marshall,  at  the  Bible  in 
Newgate-Street,  at  the  comer  of  Ivy  Lane.  1681. 

Svo.  Title  and  "  To  the  Reader "  signed  "  John  Owen,"  3 
leaves;  pp.  437;  "Contents"  and  "Books  sold  by 
William  Marshal,  pp.  [ix.]  [J.  I.  D.] 

[3.  Groans  from  Sion,  a  Sermon  at  the  Solemnization  of 

the  Funeral  of  A.  C.     London  1681  in  twelves.]  Wood. 

< 

Of  this  sermon  I  have  failed  to  trace  a  copy,,  and  the  only 
other  evidence  I  have  found  of  its  existence  is  in  the 
list  of  "  Books  sold  by  Wm.  Marshal,'*  the  last  line  of 
which  is  ^^  Ashwood^ 8  Groans  for  [sic]  Sion" 
VOL.   XXV.  2   N 


554  A  FEW  SHSAYES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Bond  (John),  LL.D. 

This  divine  was  the  eldest  son  of  Dennis  Bond  by  his  first 
wife,  Joan,  daughter  of  John  Gould,  of  Dorchester.  He  was 
born  at  Chard,  Co.  Somerset,  in  1611;  was  educated  first 
under  the  Kev.  John  White,  of  Dorchester,  and  then  entered 
Catharine  Hall,  Cambridge,  of  which  college  he  was  after- 
wards chosen  fellow.  B.A.  1631;  M.A.  1635;  LLD.  1645. 
In  1641  he  is  described  as  Lecturer  in  the  City  of  Exeter. 
In  October,  1643,  he  was  nominated  a  Member  of  the 
Assembly  of  Divines,  in  place  of  Archbishop  Ussher.  When 
Mr.  White  was  appointed  to  the  rectory  of  Lambeth,  on  the 
removal  of  Dr.  Daniel  Featley,  Bond  succeeded  him  as 
Minister  of  the  Savoy.  Afterwards  he  was  made  Master  of 
the  Savoy  Hospital  under  the  great  seal,  11  Dec.  1645. 
About  this  time  John  Bond,  LLD.,  appears  as  M.P.  for 
Melcombe  Regis  in  the  room  of  a  discarded  or  deceased 
member  till  1653.  On  the  recommendation  of  Parliament 
Bond  was  admitted  Master  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge, 
11  March,  1646.  The  pame  year,  "July  13th,  Mr.  John 
Bond,  preacher  at  the  Savoy,  in  the  Strand,  was  appointed 
one  of  the  seven  morning  lecturers  for  Westminster  Abbey 
on  the  week-day."  The  loth  of  April,  1647,  was  observed 
by  the  Corporation  of  Exeter  as  a  day  of  thanksgiving  for 
the  surrender  of  the  city  to  the  forces  of  the  Parliament 
twelve  months  previously ;  on  this  festive  occasion  Bond 
was  the  chosen  preacher.  Mr.  W.  Cotton,  in  his  Gleanings 
from  the  Municipal  Hecords,  says,  "We  have  no  record  of  the 
sermon,  but  it  proved  successful.  . .  .  The  Corporation  returns 
to  the  Guildhall  strongly  impressed,  for  they  immediately 
decide— notwithstanding  the  poverty  of  the  city — that  £10 
shall  be  expended  on  a  piece  of  plate  to  be  presented  to  *  Mr. 
John  Bond,  Mynister  of  God's  word,  for  his  great  paynes 
this  day."  Moreover,  such  a  treat  as  they  had  had  should  be 
repeated,  and  they  agree  '  that  this  day  shalbe  yerelie  here- 
after commemorated  for  the  deliverie  of  this  Citie  from  the 
enemy  to  the  power  of  the  Parliament'  But,"  adds  the 
writer,  "the  second  anniversary  was  never  kept,  for,  by  the 
time  that  was  reached,  the  feeling  began  to  dawn  that  it  was 
not  after  all  a  cause  for  thanksgiving."  On  the  4th  of  May, 
1649,  Bond  was  chosen  Professor  of  Civil  Law  in  Gresham 
College,  London.  In  1654  he  was  made  an  Assistant  to  the 
commissioners  of  Middlesex  and  Westminster  for  the  ejection 
of  scandalous  and  ignorant  ministers  and  schoolmasters. 
In  1658  he  was  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cam- 


A   FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  555 

bridge.  At  the  Bestoration,  in  1660,  he  lost  his  Mastership 
of  the  Savoy  and  of  Trinity  Hall,  he  also  thought  fit  on  the 
23rd  of  October  in  that  year  to  resign  his  professorship  in 
Gresham  College.  He  now  retired  into  Dorsetshire,  and 
dying  at  Sandwich,  in  the  isle  of  Purbeck,  was  buried  in  the 
churchyard  of  Steeple  on  the  30th  of  July,  1676.  Frances 
Gould,  sister  of  Bond's  mother,  married  John  Hakewill,  of 
Exeter. 

Cf,  Wood's  AtheruB  Oxonicnsis.  ii.  115 ;  Ward's  Lives  of  Qresham  College 
ProfesaorSy  247  ;  Dyer's  Cambridge^  ii.  140 ;  Hardy's  Le  Neve,  iiL  607 ; 
Biblioauca  ComuHensis ;  J.  E.  Bailey's  Life  of  Dr,  T,  Fuller;  291,  872,  601 ; 
Oliver's  ETXter,  126 ;  Cotton's  (W.)  Oleanings  from  Exeter  Municipal  Becords, 
128  ;  Stough ton's  Eccles,  History,  i.  489  ;  Burke's  Landed  Gentry,  **£<md  of 
Ghrange ; "  Rush  worth  vii.  1869 ;  Journals  of  Hmise  of  Commons,  iii.  269, 278, 
411,  660,  685,  iv.  372,  385,  389,  395,  489  ;  Journals  of  House  of  Lords,  vi 
446,  vii.  68,  60,  402,  413,  417,  418,  viii.  33,  37,  46,  49,  80,  81,  236. 

1.  'A  doore  of  hope,  also  holy  and  loyall  activity.  Two 
Treatises  delivered  in  severall  Sermons,  in  Excester.  By 
John  Bond,  Bachelour  of  the  Lawes,  and  Lecturer  in  the 
same  City.   Judges  13,  ver.  23  .  .  .  Judges  5.  ver.  23,  24.  .  .  . 

London,  Printed  by  O.  M,  for  John  BartUt,  at  the  Signe  of 
the  Guilt-Cup  near  St.  Atistins  Gate,  1641. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf ;  The  Epistle  Dedicatory  To  the  honourable 
the  knights,  citizens,  and  Burgesses  of  the  House  of 
Commons  assembled  in  Parliament,  [and  dated]  From 
my  Study  in  Excester,  Feb.  5.  1641,  2  leaves;  To  the 
Reader,  1  leaf;  pp.  132.  Imprimatur  dated  Febr.  2. 
1641     [J.LD.] 

"...  they  were  preached  when  I  saw  the  many  blessed 
probabilities  and  first-fruits  of  reformation,  which  God 
and  the  King  by  your  hands,  did  reach  forth  rnito  this 
Nation.  For  although  I  did  conceive  my  selfe  to  be  one 
of  the  least,  and  List  in  the  Ministry,  as  not  having  yet 
attained  to  more  yeeres  of  mine  age,  then  there  are  dayes 
in  some  Monetlis,  yet  I  thought  my  selfe  old  enough  to 
cry  Hosanna  to  your  proceedings,  and  with  those  Chil- 
dren in  the  Gospell  (Mat.  21.  8,  9.)  to  strow  these  my 
two  Branches  in  the  way  of  approaching  reforiuation." 
"As  for  the  EccledasticcUl  authority  which  did  convent 
me  for  these  Sermons,  (for  con  vented  I  was,)  although  I 
found  them  and  their  adherents  like  Sampson  when  his 
head  was  shaven,  and  that  their  might  to  punish  Inno- 
cence was  taken  away  from  them,  yet  I  did  plainely 
reade  so  much  in  their  frownes  and  threats,  as  doth 
enforce  me  to  beleevo,  that  if  ever  their  locks  do  grow 
againe,  I  may  expect  the  house  about  mine  eares.  .  .  ." 
{Ep,  Ded.) 

2   N    *J 


556  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOQRAPHT. 

2.  The  States  Stability :  A  Sermon  preached  in  Exon 
before  the  Deputy-lieutenants,  Captaines,  and  other  Militarie 
Officers  and  Souldiers  of  the  County  of  Devon.  By  John 
Bond  Minister  of  the  Word  of  God  in  the  City  of  Exon. 

London  printed,  1643. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf,  pp.  35.  Text,  Prov.  xxv.  5.  [J.LD.] 

3.  Salvation  in  a  Mystery :  Or  a  Prospective  Glasse  for 
Englands  Case.  As  it  was  laid  forth  in  a  Sermon  preached 
at  Margarets  in  Westminster,  before  the  Honourable  House 
of  Commons,  at  their  monthly  Fast,  March  27.  1644.  By 
John  Bond,  B.LL  late  Lecturer  in  the  City  of  Exceter,  now 
Preacher  at  the  Savoy  in  Londoa  A  Member  of  the 
Assembly  of  Divines,  Published  by  Order  of  the  Commons 
House.     [Quots.  5  lines.] 

LONDON,  Printed  by  Z.  N,  for  Francis  Egles/eild,  and 
are  to  be  sold  at  the  signe  of  the  Marygold  in  Pauls  Church- 
yard, 1644. 

4to.  Order  for  thanks  &c  27  March  1644,  1  leaf;  title,  1  leaf ; 
Ep.  Ded.  to  the  Commons  "From  my  Study  at  the 
Savoy  Aprill  20.  1644,  John  Bond,"  2  leaves;  Sermon 
on  Isa.  xlv.  15.  pp.  60.     [J.I.D.] 

4  Occasus  Occidentalis :  Or,  Job  in  the  West.  As  it  was 
laid  forth  in  two  severall  Sermons,  at  two  Publike  Fasts,  for 
the  Five  Associated  Westeme  Counties.  By  John  Bond 
B.L.  late  Lecturer  in  the  City  of  Exon,  now  Minister  at  the 
Savoy,  London.  A  Member  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines. 
[Quotations,  8  lines.] 

London,  Printed  by  J,  D.  for  Fran,  Eglesfidd,  and  are  to 
be  sold  at  his  shop,  at  the  signe  of  the  Marigold  in  Pauls 
Church-yard.  1645. 

4to.  Imprimatur,  dated  laiiuary  20.  1644,  1  leaf;  Title, 
1  leaf;  Ep.  Ded.  to  the  Committees  for  the  Five 
Westeme  Counties,  of  Wilts,  Dorset,  Somerset,  Devon, 
and  Cornwall;  2  leaves;  Ep.  to  the  Reader,  2  leaves; 
Text,  Job.  xix.  21.  pp.  80. 

"  First,  the  lot  of  my  Nativity  did  fall 
unto  mee  *  ncare  the  center  of  tliose  five     *  Chard 
Westeme  Counties,  betwixt  sea  and  sea, 
betwixt  East   and   West ;    and   the   two 
largest  of  them  I  may  call  my  ^  Mother     ^  Somerset, 
and  my  °  Nurse.  .  *'    (Ep,  Ded,)     [J.I.D.]     ^^  Devon. 

5.  Ortus  Occidentalis :  or,  A  Dawning  in  the  West.  As 
it  was  delivered  in  a  Sermon  before  the  Honourable  House 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  557 

of  Commons,  at  Westminster;  upon  their  day  of  Thanks- 
giving [22  Aug.  1645],  for  severall  Victories  in  the  West,  &c 
By  John  Bond  Mr  of  the  Savoy,  and  one  of  the  Assembly 
of  Divines.     [Quots.  Ezra  9.  8.,  PsaL  2.  11.,  6  lines.] 

London,  Printed  by  J,  D.  for  Fr.  EglesjUld,  and  are  to  be 
sold  at  his  Shop,  at  the  sign  of  the  Mary-gold  in  Pauls 
Church-yard.  1645. 

4to.  Title,  with  Order  for  thanks,  &c  dated  23 
Augusti.  1645,"  printed  on  the  back,  1  leaf;  Epistle 
Dedicatory,  to  the  Comikons,  dated  "Savoy  Octob.  8. 
1645."  1  leaf;  Sermon  on  Isai.  xxv.  9.  pp.  47.  Head- 
lines "^  Sermon  of  Thanksgimngy  for  the  taking  of 
Bridgewater,  and  Sherborn-Castlc,  &c.  in  the  West, 
[Dr.  W.'s  Lib.] 

^  "  Worthy  Senators, 

As  this  Sermon  >va8  too  much  shortened  in  time  at  its 
conception  and  birth,  (in  the  Study  and  in  the  Pulpit) 
so  hath  it  been  too  too  long  (in  the  cradle)  comming 
forth  to  pubHke  view.  One  principall  cause  of  this 
slow  motion  (besides  some  avocations  of  mine  owne) 
hath  been  the  great  throng  of  your  late  Victories^ 
which  crouded-in  upon  the  Stationers  so  fast,  that  this 
Sermon  (like  that  ^courtier  in  the  gate  of  Sarnaria) 
hath  stuck  fast  in  the  presse  of  good  news :  and  even 
now  at  last  'tis  no  sooner  gotten  through  the  crowd,  but 
behold  another  pair  of  Thanksgiving  Sermons  are  ready 
to  tread  ujjon  its  heels.  Surely  if  the  Lord  of  hosts 
did  ever  strive  to  overcome  a  Parliame?it  of  England 
with  giving  them  Victories,  yourselves  are  that  Parlia- 
ment :  For  what  Nation  is  there  so  great^  that  haih  God 
so  nigh  tirUo  them,  as  the  Lord  your  God  is  in  all 
things  that  toe  call  npon  him  for?  Oh  what  a  Master 
do  you  serve?  Or  what  doth  the  Father  of  mercies 
meane  to  do  with  us?  As  for  my  own  part,  I  must 
confesse  that  the  present  unexpected  heapes  of  salva- 
tions doe  cast  me  into  the  same  trance  with  that  of 
^Josephs  brethren,  when  opening  their  sacks  for 
provender  they  found  meate  and  money  to  boot,  tis 
said  that  then, — Their  Jiearts  failed  them,  and  they 
were  afraid,  saying  one  to  anotlier,  What  is  this  that 
God  hath  done  unto  us?    The  men  would  have  been 

^  The  compiler  of  these  Gleanings  carefully  abstains  from  all  criticism, 
and  from  ^ving  extracts,  unless  they  throw  light  on  the  personal  history 
of  the  writer.  The  extracts  from  this  sermon  must  be  regarded  not  as  a 
precedent,  but  as  an  exception  to  the  rule  laid  down.  They  are  so  choice 
a  specimen  of  the  Drum  Efxlcsiastic  of  the  period,  and  the  tract  is  so  rare, 
that  it  has  been  thought  fit  to  insert  them. 

•  2  Kings  vii.  17.  »  Gen.  xlii.  28. 


558  ▲  FIW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLI0ORAPH7. 

glad  a  little  before  with  assurance  of  their  lives,  much 
more  glad  with  some  com  for  saving  the  lives  of  their 
families :  and  now  behold  lives,  come,  and  money 
besides :  yourselves  can  easily  apply.  .  .  .  (Ep.  DedJ) 

"  Now  bring  wee  our  mercies  to  this  touch-stone;  have 
any  of  our  victories  come-in  by  this  way  of  prayer  1  have 
they  been  fmits  of  supplications  and  humblingsl  were 
the  hands  of  Moses  in  the  Mount,  as  well  as  of  Joshua 
in  the  Valley,  in  any  of  these  great  and  plentifull 
deliverances  1  What  think  you  of  the  vertically  criticall 
Victory  at  Nazeby  f  you  were  pleased  to  command  out 
some  9  Regiments  of  Volunteers  out  of  these  Cities,  I 
meane  so  many  Congregations,  to  keep  a  solemne  day  of 
prayer  and  humiliation,  (and  believe  it^  they  are  your 
Votunteers  that  must  doe  the  work,  both  in  your 
spirituall,  and  Civill  Militia)  these  Regiments  did  beset 
heaven  upon  the  Tuesday,  and  loe  upon  the  Saturday 
after  (in  the  same  week)  "God  gave  you  that  Victory 
of  victories,  the  great,  unexpected,  necessary  England- 
saving  victory  of  Nazeby, 

"Nay,  and  the  poore  West,  out  of  its  penury,  may 
come-in  here  with  an  instance  too ;  the  late  great  turning 
of  the  Tide  of  that  desolate  Country,  was  the  Victory  of 
Langport ;  but  when  was  it  1  surely,  the  very  next  day 
after  the  Western  Fast  at  Black-friers.  Two  days  of 
victory  did  immediately  follow  that  one  day  of  humilia- 
tion.^' (p.  33.) 

These  mercies  cauie-in  like  Daniels  Answer,*  When  I 
was  8peaki7i(/  to  the  Lord,  the  Angel  Gabriel  came  and 
told  ine,  Thy  prayers  are  heard,  O !  these  are  the 
'Jewels  ill  a  King  of  victory ;  they  are  precious  things  of 
God,  (and  ought  to  bo  especially  recorded)  when  mercies 
are  the  fruits  of  j)rayer. 

"  8o  when  they  are  the  fruits  of  praise  too :  I  read 
that  Jehoshaphai  liad  a  great  victory  given-in  as  the  fruit 
of  praise,  ^  When  they  began  to  sing  j)raises  to  the  Lord, 
(that  is,  for  a  promise  of  deliverance  sent  by  the  Prophet) 
The  Lord  set  ambushmenfs  against  the  children  of  Ainmon, 
Moab,  and  Mount  Seir,  which  were  come  against  Judah, 
and  they  were  smitten.  And  hath  not  the  Lord  answered 
your  praises  too,  as  well  as  your  prayers?  Certainly, 
there  are  mercies  in  this  kind  to  be  found  out.  As, 
Wlien  you  gave  command  to  praise  the  Lord  for  Nazeby 
victory,  that  very  morning  God  sent  the  tydings  of  the 
regaining  of  so-much-bewailed  Leicester,  thereby  to  put 
one  string  more  into  our  instruments  of  praises.  So 
when  you  gave  command  for  blessing  the  Lord  for  that 

*  Dan.  9.  10.  •  2  Chron.  20.  22. 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  559 

Westcme  mercy  neere  Langport,  in  tliat  very  day  of 
praise,  as  I  remember,  (to  shew  how  the  Lord  loves  a 
thankfull  people)  hee  did  give  their  impregnable  Bridge- 
tOater  into  your  hands.  Let  \is  also  observe  this  marko 
of  God  upon  his  salvations,  (p.  34.) 

"  O  may  it  please  you  Asa-like  to  doe  some  memorable 
thing  for  God  this  day.  ...  I  have  two  humble  suits  to 
present  unto  you,  with  reference  to  the  Westerne  occa- 
sions of  this  dayes  praises. 

One  is,  that  especiall  care  may  be  taken  to  put  in  able 
spirituall  garisons  into  those  three  Western  Towns  now 
reduced  :  every  one  of  them  being  .doubly  considerable ; 
partly  for  their  long  time  of  slavery  under  the  enemie,  in 
which  they  could  not  but  contract  deepe  ignorance, 
prophanenesse,  and  malignitie;  and  partly  for  their 
situation^  strength,  and  grcatnes5ie,  they  being  some  of 
the  most  eminent  places  in  all  those  parts.  Such 
spirituall  garisons,  even  in  prudence,  are  well  nigh  as 
necessarie  as  Military  ones. 

Mine  other  humble  suite  is  concerning  tJie  Covenant^ 
that  the  jK)or  souls,  in  those  lately  reduced  Countries, 
may  not  have  it  abruptly  forced  upon  them,  without  due 
pi-eparation  and  humiliation;  not  as  the  Spaniards 
baptized  the  American  Indians  by  droves,  and  heaps,  but 
rather  that  the  businesse  may  be  ordered  as  HezekiaJi  did 
order  his  people  for  the  Passover,  with  all  due  warning, 
instruction,  and  consideration.  I  beseech  you  give  them 
time  and  meanes,  first  to  disgorge  and  cleanse  themselves 
thoroughly,  of  the  many  direfull,  anti-Covenant,  perjurious 
combinations,  that  many  poor  wretches,  in  those  parts, 
have  swallowed  since  they  were  under  the  power  of  the 
enemie.  Let  them  first  shave  their  heads  and  pare  their 
7iaile8j  as  the  ^strange  virgin  of  old  was  commanded  to 
doe,  and  so  let  them  enter  into  that  sacred,  and  dreadfull 
Covenant."  (pp.  36,  37.) 

6.  Eshcol,  or  Grapes  (among)  Thorns.  As  they  were 
delivered  in  a  Thanksgiving  Sermon,  to  the  Honourable 
House  of  Commons.  By  John  Bond,  Mr.  of  the  Savoy. 
[Quotations,  10  lines.] 

LONDON.  Printed  by  M.  K  for  Samuell  Gellibrand,  at  the 

Brazen  Serpent  in  St.  Pauls  Church- Yard.  1648. 

• 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Ep.  Ded.  to  the  Commons,  dated  "  Savoy 
Aug.  12.  1648,"  and  Order  for  thanks  &c  dated  "20 
Julii,  1648,"  3  leaves;  sermon  on  Ps.  1.  23.  pp.  44. 
[J.LD.] 

«  Deut.  21.  12.  13. 


560  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

CfliLcoTT,  (William),  M.A. 

He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  Rev^  Robert  Chilcott 
(born  at  Tiverton),  Rector  of  St  Mary  Major,  Exeter. 
William  was  educated  at  Blundell  School,  Tiverton,  and 
matriculated  from  Balliol  College,  Oxford,  30  March  1680 
aged  16  ;  B.A.  16  Oct  1683 ;  M.A.  1  Dec.  1686.  In  1689  he 
became  Rector  of  Denbury,  Devon ;  and  in  May  1691,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  rectory  of  St  George,  Exeter,  and  there- 
with also  held  the  rectories  of  St  Olave  and  St.  John  in  the 
same  city.  He  died  the  30th  of  May,  1711,  in  the  48th 
year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried  in  St.  George's  Church, 
William  Chilcott  married  a  Miss  Copleston  as  shewn  by  the 
arms  on  his  monument,  which  on  the  demolition  of  St 
George's  Church  was  removed  to  St  John'a  His  son 
Copleston  Chilcott  matriculated  from  Exeter  College,  Oxford, 
19th  of  March  1715-16,  aged  20.  A  daughter  Catherine 
was  buried  at  St  George's,  20  July,  1695. 

Cf,  Oxford  Catalog%ie  of  OraducUea ;  Maclean  (Sir  John)  Trigg  Minor^  ill 
2645,  297-300,  451 ;  Devon  Association  Transactions,  1876,  p.  565 ;  Boase 
(Rev.  C.  W.)  Register  of  Exeter  College^  Oxford;  A  tnce  outline  and  sketch  of 
the  Life  of  Samuel  Eyles  Pierce  (1824)  p.  2  note. 

1.  A  Sermon  Preached  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St 
Peter  in  Exon.  April  4.  1697.  Being  Easter-day  and  Assize 
Sunday.     By  William  Chilcot,  MA. 

London :  Printed  by  Freeman  Collins,  for  Philip  Bishop, 
Bookseller  in  Exon.  1697. 

4to.  Title  and  Dedication  "To  the  Honourable  the  Lady 
Susanna  Lear,"  2  leaves;  Sermon  on  Acts  xvii.  31,  pp. 
28.     [J.LD.] 

2a.  A  Practical  Treatise  Concerning  Evil  Thoughts. 
Wherein  are  some  things  more  especially  useful  for  Melan- 
choly Persons.  By  William  Chilcot,  M.A.  [Quotation  from 
Augustine,  6  lines]. 

EXON,  Printed  by  Samuel  Darker,  for  Charles  Yea,  John 
Pearce,  and  Philip  Bishop,  1698. 

Small  8vo.  Title  and  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  the  Inhabitants 
of  the  Parishes  of  St.  John^  St  George  the  Martyr,  and 
Allhollows  on  the  Walls,  in  the  City  of  Exon,^^  signed 
"William  Chilcot"  and  dated  "Exon,  May  2,  1698,"  3 
leaves ;  Treatise,  pp.  276 ;  "  Prayer  for  a  Melancholy 
Person,"  and  List  of  Books,  5  leaves.     [J.I.D.] 

The  circumstances  giving  rise  to  the  writing  of  this 
book  were  somewhat  remarkable.  "  A  lady  of  the  city 
of  Exeter,  who  was  in  an  unmarried  state,  kept  a  woman 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  561 

servant,  and  boarded  in  some  religious  family,  being 
herself  a  pious  person,  was  under  the  temptation  of 
putting  an  end  to  her  life,  which  she  gave  the  family 
with  whom  she  boarded  some  intimation  of.  One  day 
when  she  was  on  her  knees  in  prayer  she  fell  under  the 
temptation  and  cut  her  throat  with  a  pair  of  scissors, 
which  she  hud  no  sooner  done  but  she  immediately 
stampt  with  her  foot,  on  which  her  servant  entered  the 
room,  and  perceiving  what  her  lady  had  done  immediately 
sent  for  a  surgeon,  who  sewed  up  the  wound  so  as  the 
lady  recovered.  After  which  she  disclosed  her  whole 
mind,  with  the  cause  and  motive  of  her  temptation,  to 
the  before-mentioned  Mr.  William  Chilcott.  For  conse- 
quence of  which  he  is  said  to  have  preached  the 
Discourses  which  afterwards,  were,  with  respect  to  the 
subject  of  them,  thrown  into  this  form  and  published  as 
they  here  appear.  The  lady  lived  many  years  afterwards, 
was  married  to  a  clergyman,  and  had  several  children." 
(Tngg  Minor,  iii.  298.) 

26.  A  Practical  Treatise  concerning  Evil  Thoughts: 
wherein  Their  Nature,  Origin  and  Effects  are  distinctly 
considered  and  explained:  With  many  useful  Bules  for 
restraining  and  suppressing  such  Thoughts ;  suited  to  the 
various  Conditions  of  Life,  and  the  several  Tempers  of  man- 
kind, more  especially  of  Melancholy  Persons.  By  William 
Chilcot,  M.  A.     For  the  Lord  searcheth. ...  1  Chron.  xxviij.  9. 

London :  Printed  for  Samuel  Birt,  at  the  Bible  and  Ball  in 
Ave-Mary-Lane ;  and  Edward  Score  over-against  the  Guild- 
Hall  in  Exeter,  mdccxxxiv. 

12mo.  Title,  1  leaf;  Dedication  "To  the  Inhabitants  .  .  . 
1  leaf;  A  Practical  Treatise,  pp.  1-138.  This,  the 
British  Museum  copy,  is  imperfect  at  the  end,  the  last 
leaf  containing  a  portion  of  the  prayer  is  wanting. 

\2c,  A  Practical  Treatise  .... 

London,  Printed  for  William  Winstanley  Hull  of  Lincoln's 
Inn.  1835.] 

32mo.  Does  not  contain  The  Prayer. 

The  1734  edition  in  the  Brit.  Museum  contains  the  following 
MS.  note  :  "  This  is  the  copy  from  which  I  reprinted  the 
small  edition  of  1835.  It  liad  lost  the  last  leaf,  so  the 
reprint  is  without  the  prayer.  I  tried  in  vain  in  every 
quarter  to  get  a  perfect  copy  for  some  years,  but  at  last 
Mr.  Strahn  gave  me  one  in  1841,  and  from  Mr.  Strahn's 
I  have  copied  into  this  the  completion  of  the  prayer. 

"  W.  W.  Hull" 


562  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

2d,  A  Practical  Treatise  concerning  Evil  Thoughts.  .... 
By  William  Chilcot,  M.A.  For  the  Lord  searcheth.  .  .  . 
New  Edition. 

London,  SkefBngton  and  Southwell,  192  Piccadilly,  1851. 
Price  2s.  6d. 

18mo.  Title,  p.  i.-ii.  Preface,  signed  Richard  Hooper,  Si 
Stephen's,  Westminster,  Lent,  1851,  pp.  iii.-vii  ;  Page 
viii.  blank ;  Dedication  pp.  ix.-x. ;  Contents,  pp.  xL-xii. ; 
A  Practical  Treatise,  pp.  1-126;  A  Prayer,  pp.  127-130; 
An  advertisement  of  Books  for  sale,  1  leaf.         [B.M.] 

[2e.  A  Practical  Treatise.  ....  With  Preface  by  R  Hooper. 
Second  Edition,  1854.     12mo.] 

2/  A  Practical  Treatise By  WUUam  Chilcot^  MA 

With  Preface  and  Notes  by  Richard  Hooper,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
Upton  and  Aston-Upthorpe,  Berks.     Third  Edition. 

Rivingtons,  London,  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  1869.  Price 
2s.  6d. 

12mo.  Half-title,  1  leaf;  Title,  1  leaf;  Dedication  "To  The 
Rev.  Edward  King,  MA.  Honorary  Canon  of  Christ 
Church,  Vicar  of  Cuddesdon  and  Principal  of  the 
Cuddesdon  Theological  College,"  1  leaf ;  Advertisementj 
1  leaf ;  Preface,  pp.  ix.-xv. ;  To  the  Reader,  1  leaf ;  To 
the  Inhabitants  ...  of  St  John  .  .  .  pp.  xix.-xx. ; 
Contents,  pp.  xxi.-xxii. ;  Another  Half-title,  1  leaf ;  A 
Practical  Treatise,  pp.  1-104,  in  double  columns.  "Muir 
and  Paterson,  printers,  Edinburgh."  [B.M.] 


Chishull  (John). 

He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  but  I  am  not  able  to  state  in 
which  College.  At  Enfield,  in  Middlesex,  he  kept  a  boarding 
school,  whence  coming  to  Tiverton  during  the  confusion  of 
the  Civil  War.  he  obtained  the  rectory  of  Pitt  portion. 
Having  held  this  appointment  for  fourteen  years,  at  the 
Restoration,  it  had  to  be  given  up  to  his  disposessed  pre- 
decessor, who  was  yet  living.  Chishull  now  retired  to 
Enfield,  and  again  kept  school.     He  died  about  1674 

Cf.  Calamy's  Account^  239  ;  ContimuUiony  262 ;  Harding's  Hist,  of 
THverion^  iv.  40.  Walker's  Sufferings^  pt.  ij.  328  ;  Palmer's  Aoncon/ormisi 
Memorial,  y.  80. 

1.  Two  Treatises.  The  First,  the  Young-Mans  Memento, 
Shewing  How  Why  [and]  When  we  should  remember  God. 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  563 

Or  the  seasonableness  and  suitableness  of  this  Work  to 
Youth.  The  Second,  Now  if  Ever.  Proving  1.  That  God 
gives  Man  a  Day.  2.  That  this  Day  often  ends  while  the 
means  of  Grace  continues,  [sic]  3.  That  when  the  Day  is 
ended,  peace  is  hid  from  the  Soul.  Being  an  Appendix  to 
the  former  Treatise.  Both  by  John  Chishull,  Minister  of 
the  Gospel 

London^  Printed  by  A.  N.  and  are  to  be  sold  by  F. 
Eglesfield  at  the  Marygold  in  St:  Pauls  Church-yard.  1657. 

12mo.  Title  and  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  the  Right 
Honourable,  the  Lady  Jane  Disbrow."  3  leaves; 
Epistle  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Tiverton,  4  leaves :  (this 
and  the  Dedication,  dated  "Tiverton,  Aug.  24.  1654.") 
"To  the  Reader"  by  William  Greenhil,  1  leaf;  Books 
sold  by  F.  Eglesfield,  4  leaves ;  pp.  260 ;  Books  in  the 
Press.  1  leaf.  The  first  treatise  is  on  Eccles :  xij.  1. 
The  second,  which  begins  at  p.  117,  and  is  dedicated  to 
Sir  Coplestone  Bampfield,  is  on  S.  Luke  xix,  42. 
[J.LD.] 

2.  The  Danger  of  being  Almost  a  Christian.  Shewing, 
1.  How  far  men  may  go  without  Grace.  2.  Why  some  men 
go  so  far.  3.  Why  they  go  no  farther.  4  The  dangerous 
estate  of  such  Persons.  By  John  Chishull,  Minister  of  the 
Gospel. 

LONDON:  Printed  by  A.  Neile,  for  Francis  Eglesfield, 
and  are  to  be  sold  at  the  Marygold  in  Pavis  Church-yard. 
1657. 

12mo.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  the  Right 
Worshipfull  Peter  Atldns,  Mayor,  John  Blundel,  Esq; 
with  the  rest  of  the  Burgesses,  Assistants,  and  In- 
habitants of  Tiverton"  signed  Jo.  Chishull,  and  dated 
"London,  Jan.  16.  1656."  5  leaves;  Treatise,  founded 
on  Acts  26.  28.  pp.  167.    [Dr.  W.'s  Lib.] 

It  seems  Chishull  had  just  recovered  from  a  dangerous 
illness :  allusion  is  made  in  the  Ep.  Ded.  to  The  Young 
Mans  MementOy  thus  "  I  presented  you  formerly  with  a 
smal  Treatise." 

3.  [Seasonable  Thoughts  of  Divine  Providence;  with 
Respect  to  the  Visitation.  .  .  .  London.  1666. 

12mo.  Dedicated  to  Sir  Robert  Hanson,  Sheriff,  and 
Alexander  Holt,  Esq.  Alderman  of  London,  his  very 
good  Eriends,  who  had  four  sons  at  School  with  him  at 
Enfield.]     [Calamy.] 


664  A  FEW  SHSAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

4.  A  word  to  Israel  in  the  wilderness.  Or  the  Arraign- 
ment of  anbelie£  Shewing  the  evil  of  Distrurst  [sic]  though 
in  time  of  the  greatest  Streights :  Wherein  Unbelief  is  tried 
and  found  guilty  of  great  Provocation.  B[y]  John  Chishol, 
Minister  of  the  Gospel    PsaL  78.  19.  .  .  . 

London,  Printed  for  Francis  Eaglesfidd,  Bookseller  in  S. 
Pauls  Church-yard,  1668. 

12mo.  Title,  1  leaf;  To  the  mourners  in  Zion  (the  Epistle 
Dedicatory),  4  leaves;  Advertisements,  1  leaf;  On 
Heb.  iij.  8,  9.  pp.  96.    [Bod.] 

Chishull  wrote  a  Poem  before  Dr.  Faithful  Teate's 
Poems  on  the  Trinity. 

Easte  [or  Est,  or  Este]  William,  M.A. 

No  evidence  is  found  to  connect  this  gentleman  with  the 
University  of  Oxford,  or  that  of  Cambridge.  When  B.A.  he 
was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Bideford,  on  the  20***  of 
January,  1591-2 ;  patron  Richard  Greinvyle,  Knt.  The 
Bideford  Parish  Blisters  supply  the  following  entries : 

1591.  Mr.  WiBm  East,  pson  &  Philippe  Salterne  married    9  Sept 

1618.  Amys  Paralew,  ge3  &  Ann  East .         .        „        18  Nov. 

1627.  Emanewell   Gefford,   geS   &   Phillip  [e] 

Est.  [vid.]  .  .  .         .        „        18  July. 

1592.  Anne  dau.  of  M-^  W°»  Est,  pson  h'  . 

1593.  Wittm  sonne  of  :M'  W"»  Est  clerck . 
1596.  Grace  dau.  of  M"^  W°»  Est,  jjsonno  h' 
1625.  Ma*"  William  Est,  Clarke     . 
1636.  M"  Philippe  Gifford,  gentlewoman  . 


baptized  1 7  July. 

15  Sept 

„        18  Maye. 

buried    16  Dec 

12  Sept 


Mr.  East  is  styled  M.A.  on  the  title  of  one  of  his  tracts  in 
1614     His  will  was  proved  at  Exeter  6  Febr.  1625[-6]. 

Cf.  Catalogue  of  the  BoiUeian  Library ;  Bideford  Parish  Registers ;  Oldys 
Cat.  of  Painj).  in  the  Harlcian  Lib.  p.  125  ;  British  Museum,  Cat.  of  JEarlf 
English  Books  to  1640. 

1.  The  Scourge  of  Security,  or  The  Expulsion  and  re- 
turne  of  the  vncleane  Spirit.  By  William  Est,  Minister 
and  Preacher  of  God^s  word,  at  Bedford  in  Devonshire. 
2  Pet  2.  20.  For  if  they,  after  they  haue  escaped  from  the 
filthinesse  of  the  world  through  the  knowledge  of  the  Lord, 
and  of  the  Sauiour  Jesus  Christ,  are  yet  tangled  againe 
therein,  and  ouercome,  the  last  end  is  worse  with  them  then 
the  beginning. 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  565 

London,  Printed  by  T.  C.  for  Thomas  Downe,  and  Ephraim 
Dawson,  and  are  to  be  soldo  at  their  Shop  in  Fleete-Streete, 
at  the  Inner  Temple  gate.  1609. 

8vo.  Epistle  Dedicatorie,  "To  the  Right  Worshipfull  S. 
Barnard  Graynuile  Knight,  my  singular  good  Patron; 
all  increase  of  spirituall  blessings  in  this  life,  and  euer- 
lasting  blossednesse  in  the  life  to  come." 

"This  small  paper  gift  I  commende  unto  your 
Worship's  protection  being  the  best  at  this  time  that  I 
am  able  to  giue,  desiring  your  fauourable  acceptance  of 
this  pledge  of  my  good  will,  which  if  it  be  worthy  anie 
respect,  to  you  being  my  Patron  in  many  respects  it  is 
due.  From  Bydforde,  January  6,  1609.  Your  Worships 
in  Christ  to  command, 

"  William  Este." 

[^Lincoln  Cath.  Library,] 
19  Junij.  1609. 
Thomas  Doone         Entred  for  their  Copy  vnder  the 
Epliraim  Dawson     handes    of    master     Etkins    and 

master  warden  Lownes  a  booke 
called  the  scourge  of  security,  vjd." 
Arbor's  Stationers*  Registers,  iii.  413. 

2.  The  Mirrovr  of  Mercy :  A  caueat  for  Condemning  the 
grace  of  Forgiuing,  and  the  goodnesse  of  Gluing :  containing 
many  comfortable  doctrines,  pithy  persuasions  to  piety,  and 
disuasions  from  the  contrary.  Taken  out  of  sacred  Scriptures, 
ancient  Fathers,  and  other  Writers :  very  necessary  for  these 
present  times.  By  William  Este  Preacher  of  God's  word. 
John  13.  35.  By  this  shall  all  men  know  that  yee  are  my 
Disciples,  if  yee  lone  one  another. 

London,  Printed  by  N.  O.  for  Richard  Bonian,  and  are  to 
bee  sold  at  his  shop  in  Paides  Churchyard,  at  the  signe  of  the 
Floure  de  luce,  1611. 

Small  8vo.  Blank  leaf ;  title ;  Epistle  dedicatory  to  Sir 
Bernard  Graynuill,  4  leaves;  two  blank  leaves;  pp. 
1-176.     [Bod. ;  York  Cath.  Lib.] 

3.  Sathans  Sowing  Season.  By  William  Est  Minister 
and  Preacher  of  Gods  word  in  Bydeford.  1  Pet.  5.  8.  Bee 
sober,  and  watch,  for  your  aduersary  the  Diuell  as  a  roaring 
Lyon  walketh  about  seeking  whom  he  may  deuoure.  [Fleur 
de  lis.] 

London,  Printed  by  Nicholas  Okes  for  Richard  Bonian,  and 
are  to  bee  sold  at  his  shop  in  Paules  Church-yard,  at  the 
signe  of  the  Floure  de  Luce.  1611. 


566  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Small  8yo.  Blank  leaf;  title;  Latin  dedication  "Domino 
Guilielmo  Comiti  Bathoniensi"  and  "To  the  Christian 
Header,  4  leaves ;  pp.  9-101 ;  blank  leaf.  [Bod. ;  York 
Cath.  Lib.] 

"  It  is  not  long  ago  (courteous  Reader)  that  I  handled 
the  same  subject  in  substance,  as  in  this  succeeding  Treatise 
in  my  Booke  intituled  The  Scourge  of  Security,  or  the 
expulsion  and  retume  of  the  vncleane  spirit."  {Ep,  to 
the  Reader,) 

4  Two  Sermons.  The  Christians  Comfort  in  His  Crosses, 
conducting  him  in  the  tempests  of  tribulation,  to  the  happie 
hauen  of  Heauenly  tranquillitie.  And  the  Judges,  and  Jvries 
lustrvction.  By  William  Est,  Maister  of  Art,  and  Preacher 
of  Gods  word.  Eom.  8.  18.  I  count  that  the  afflictions  of 
this  present  time  are  not  worthie  of  the  glorie  which  shall  be 
shewed  vnto  vs. 

At  London.  Printed  by  Tho :  Creede  for  Arthur  Johnson, 
Dwelling  at  the  signe  of  the  White  Horse  in  Pauls  Church- 
yard.    1614. 

Small  Svo.  Blank  leaf;  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  dedic  to 
William,  Earle  of  Bath,  2  leaves ;  the  first  sermon,  pp. 
1-42  ;  blank  leaf ;  then  this  title — 

The  Ivdges  and  Ivries  Instrvction.  With  a  warning  to 
Witnesses  to  shunne  the  horrible  sinne  of  Periurie :  The 
greatnesse  whereof  is  here  layde  before  them  :  Very  necessary 
for  these  times.  By  William  Est,  Preacher  of  Gods  word. 
Zechariah  5.  4.  I  will  bring  forth  a  curse  (saith  the  Lord  of 
Hostes)  and  it  shall  enter  into  the  house  of  the  thiefe,  and 
into  the  house  of  him  that  falslie  sweareth  by  my  Name ;  and 
it  shall  reniaine  in  the  midst  of  his  house  and  shall  consume  it 
with  the  timber  thereof,  and  stones  thereof. 

London.  Printed  by  T.  Creede,  for  Arthur  JoIiTison, 
Dwelling  at  the  signe  of  the  White  Horse  in  Pauls  Church- 
yard.   1614. 

Small  Svo.  Title ;  Epistle  dedic.  to  William  Hinson  Esq.,  2 
leaves ;  pp.  1-32 ;  three  blank  leaves.  [Bod. ;  York  Catli. 
Lib.] 

"These  2  sermons  I  preached  before  a  great  and  iudicious 
Auditorio,  The  one,  which  I  have  intituled,  The  ludges 
and  Juries  Instruction,  .  .  .  long  since  ...  at  the  Assises 
at  Lanceston,  when  ...  Sir  Bernard  Greynuile,  my 
good  Patron,  w<is  Shierififo  of  Cornwall." 

"  In  a  worke  I  have  in  hand ;  intituled.  The  Anatomic  of  a 
Christian." 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBUOGRAPHY.      567 

5.  The  Right  Rule  of  a  Religious  Life ;  or,  The  Glasse  of 
Godlinesse.  Wherein  euery  man  may  behold  his  imper- 
fections, how  farre  hee  is  out  of  the  way  of  true  Godlinesse, 
and  learne  to  reduce  his  wandring  steppes  into  the  pathes  of 
true  Pietie.  In  certaine  Lectures  vpon  the  first  Chapter  of 
the  Epistle  of  S.  James.  The  first  part.  By  William  Est 
Preacher  of  Gods  Word.  Tit.  3.  8.  These  things  I  will 
thou  shouldst  aJBrme,  that  they  which  haue  belieued  in  Grod 
might  bee  caref ull  to  shew  forth  good  workes ;  these  things 
are  good  and  profitable  vnto  men. 

London,  Printed  by  Nicholas  Okes,  and  are  to  be  sold  by 
Richard  Lea  at  his  Shop  on  the  North  entry  of  the  Royall 
Exchange.  1616. 

Small  8vo.  Title;  1  leaf;  Epistola  dedic.  Guillielmo  Episc. 
Exon,  2  leaves ;  To  the  Christian  Reader,  7  pp.;  Latin 
verses  signed  "  Geo.  Salteren,"  1  p. ;  Tetrastichon  & 
Hexastichon.  1  p.,  verso  blank;  pp.  1-318;  blank 
leaf.     [Bod.] 

6.  The  Praise  of  the  Gout ;  Or,  The  Gouts  Apology :  A 
Paradox,  both  pleasant  and  profitable.  Written  first  in  the 
Latine  Tongue,  by  that  famous  and  noble  Bilibaldus  Pirck- 
heimerus,  Councellor  imto  two  Emperors,  Maximilian  the 
First,  and  Charles  the  Fifth;  And  now  Englished  by 
William  Est,  Master  of  Arts. 

LONDON,  Printed  by  G.  P.  for  John  Budge.  1617. 

4to  Twenty  Two  leaves.     [B.M.] 

"  The  Translator,  W,  Est,  dedicates  it  to  the  Right 
Worshipful,  Sir  Bernard  Grenvile,  Knight,  his  very 
good  Patron ;  whom  he  informs,  That  Age  having 
inforced  him  to  retire  himself  a  little,  and  to  think 
upon  some  convenient  Recreation,  whereby  his  drooping 
Spirits  being  refreshed,  he  might  be  able  with  the  more 
Alacrity  to  undergo  the  Burthen  of  those  grave  Studies 
which  his  Function  incessantly  requires ;  and  this  little 
Tract  falling  into  his  Hands,  he  bestowed  some  spare 
Hours  in  translating  it  into  the  English  Tongue." 
(Oldys  Cat  of  Pamp.  in  the  Harl:  Lib.  No.  404.  p.  125.) 

» 

The  Will  of  William  Estb,  Rector  of  Byddbford. 

[Exeter  Probate  Office.] 

In  the  Name  of  God  Amen.  The  xxvth  daie  of 
Maye  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  God  1624  I  William 
Este  of  Byddeford  in  the  Countie  of  Devon  Clarck 
Rector  of  the  Rectory  and  the  Parsonage  of  Byddeford 
aforesaid  heing  of  perfect  mynde  and  good  healthe  of 


568  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

body  thancks  be  therefore  given  unto  Almighty  God 
calling  to  mynde  the  frailty  of  this  mortall  lyef  and  the 
uuccrtentie  of  mans  dales  while  it  hath  pleased  Grod  to 
give  me  tyme  I  doe  make  this  my  last  will  and  testa- 
ment heereby  revoking  and  annulling  all  former  &  other 
Wills  and  Testaments  by  me  made. 

And  first  of  all  I  commende  my  Soulc  vnto  the 
hands  of  Almighty  God  my  Creator  and  Kedeamer  And 
my  Body  to  be  buried  in  Christian  burialL 

Item  I  give  and  bequethe  to  be  destributed  amongest 
the  poor  of  the  parish  of  Byddeford  aforesaid  the  full 
Some  of  Tenne  pounds  lawful  money  of  England. 

Item  I  make  and  ordeyn  Philippe  my  true  and 
lovinge  wief  my  whole  and  sole  executor  of  this  my 
last  will,  <&c. 

In  witness  whereof  I  have  heereunto  putt  mj  hande 
&  scale. 

By  me  William  Este. 

Sealed  signed  &  published  as  the  last  will  &  testa- 
ment of  the  said  William  Este  in  the  presence  of 

Alex.  ArundelL 
Richarde  Gaye. 

Probat'  fuit  coram  Edw.  Jones  L.B.  Surrogate 
Bamabe  Goche  apud  Chudleigh  6.  Febr.  1625. 

Commissa  administracio  Philippe  ejus  relicte  et 
executrici  j  urate.  Inventarium :  habet  ad  exhib.  citra 
Festum  Pasche.     Jan.  11.  1625. 

18    Jan.    1625.     Inventory    taken    and    prized    by 
Tliomus  Salterne  and  Alexander  Anuidell,  clarckes,  and 
Thomas  Salterne  gent,  and  William  Adger  gent 
(Inter  alia). 

In  the  IIcill  in  the  Towne.  £      ■.    d. 

The   Kinges   Armes    &   a   Tablott   of    the 

Kinges  Armes  .         .020 

In  the  Hall  at  the  Parsonage. 
A  presse  for  bookes. 

In  the  greate  Parloure. 
A  payre  of  Virginales  with  a  frame  &  band 
A  mapp  and  Sixteene  Picktures 
An  aumbry  with  shelves 
Plate 
An  Advowson  of  the  Rectory  of  Byddeford 

and  all  the  rest  of  Chattells.  &c.  . 
Ready  Monney 
Debts  oweing  hym 
All  his  apparrell 

Sum  totall 


1       2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

.     20 

0 

0 

.  100 

0 

0 

.     53 

0 

0 

.     24 

0 

0 

.     16 

0 

0 

£398 

9 

10 

A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBUOGRAPHY.      569 

Ford,  (Simon)  D.D. 

He  was  the  son  of  Richard  Ford,  of  East  Ogwell,  Devon  ; 
born  c.  1619 ;  and  was  educated  first  at  the  Grammar  School, 
Exeter,  afterwards  at  the  Free  School,  Dorchester.  He 
matriculated  at  Oxford,  from  Magdalen  Hall,  in  Michaelmas 
term  1636,  aged  17,  "pleb.  fiL"  Some  of  his  dedications 
testify  that  Sir  William  Waller  had  been  a  generous  bene- 
factor. It  was  in  the  adjoining  parish  that  Sir  William 
found  his  first  wife,  Jane,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Richard 
Reynell  of  Ford.  Simon  J)ecame  a  student  of  Christ  Church 
in  1640 ;  and  the  following  year,  being  then  B.A.,  he  retired 
to  London.  In  1646  he  styles  himself  '*  Minister  of  the 
Gospel  at  Puddle-Towne  in  Dorcetshire.'*  We  find  him  back 
at  Oxford  in  1648,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  M.A.  the 
12th  of  December.  On  the  13th  of  August,  1649,  Ford  was 
one  of  seventeen  desired  to  be  Assistant  to  the  number  of 
Delegates  formerly  chosen  by  the  Visitors  of  Oxford.  He 
was  admitted  B.D.  16  Feb.  1649-50.  Having  preached  a 
sermon  at  St.  Mary's  against  the  independent  oath  called  the 
engagement,  he  lost  his  student's  place.  This  seems  to  have 
been  the  time  when  he  ministered  to  a  congregation  at 
Witney,  in  Oxfordshire.  He  was  next  lecturer  of  Newington 
Green,  near  London,  and  in  1651  became  vicar  of  St.  Laurence, 
Reading.  Here  he  continued  until  July,  1659,  when  the 
Corporation  of  Northampton  gave  him  the  vicarage  of  All 
Saints  in  that  town.  In  1661  he  was  made  Chaplain  to  his 
Majesty,  and  on  the  21st  of  June  1665  he  took  his  degree 
of  D.D.  On  the  30th  of  March  1670  he  was  chosen  Preacher 
or  Chaplain  of  Bridewell  Chapel,  London ;  this  appointment 
he  resigned  the  same  year,  on  liis  admission  to  the  rectory  of 
St.  Mary  Aldermanbury,  December  the  29th.  His  last  pre- 
ferment was  the  rectory  of  Old  Swinford,  Worcestershire,  to 
which  he  was  instituted  22nd  May,  1676,  patron,  Thomas 
Foley  of  Kidderminster,  esq. ;  and  he  held  it  till  the  time  of 
his  death.  The  inscription  on  a  mural  tablet  in  Old  Swinford 
Church  records  :  "  H.  S.  E.  Simon  Ford,  S.  T.  D.  Devoniensis, 
hujus  Ecclesiae  per  22  Annos  Rector,  juxta  Martham  Stampe 
Redingensem  Conjugem  fidelissimam :  Obiit  ille  7*  Aprillis 
1699,  anno  aetatis  octogesimo ;  obiit  ilia  13  Novemb.  A.D. 
1684."  7 

'  Learning  that  because  of  Simon  Ford's  connection  with  Northampton, 
Mr.  John  Taylor  had  been  in  search  of  his  books,  I  sent  my  notes  to  him, 
feeling  that  mutual  benefit  must  result  from  a  comparison  of  the  researches 
of  two  independent  students.     It  will  be  seen  that,  so  far  as  I  am  concerned, 

VOL.   XXV.  2   0 


570  A  FEW   SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBUOGRAPHY. 

Cf,  Newcourt's  Reperiorium,  i.  pp.  917,  919 ;  Burrows*  Register  of  (ht 
Visitors  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  pp.  260,  492  ;  Wood's  Athenae  Oxonienaes^  iv. 
756  ;  Fasti,  i.  614,  ii.  108,  147,  283  ;  Kennetfs  Register  and  ChnmicU,  144, 
351,  370,  786,  843,  931  ;  Smith's  Bibliotheca  Anti  Quakeriana,  p.  186,  and 
Descriptive  Cat.  of  Friends'  Books,  il  p.  617  ;  HazHtt's  Handbook,  p.  208,  and 
ColUetions  and  Notes,  3d  series,  p.  82  ;  Mulliner's  Testiinony  against  Periwigt 
and  Periwig-Making  &c.  1677,  p.  4.  reprinted  by  Taylor  &  Son,  Northamp- 
ton. 1872. 

1.  The  Great  Interest  of  States  and  KiDgdomes.  The 
Second  Part.  A  Sermon  Preached  on  a  Publike  Thanks- 
giving, on  the  12***  of  May,  1646,  at  Botolphs  Aldersgate:  And 
after  (apon  the  desire  of  some  friends)  enlarged  at  Pauls 
Church  in  Covent-garden,  on  the  Lord's  Day,  May  17***  1646. 
By  Simon  Ford,  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  Puddle-Towne  in 
Dorcet-shire.  Psal.  105.  15. — He  rebuked  Kings  for  their 
sakes,  saying — Doe  my  Prophets  no  harme. 

Loudon,  Printed  by  W.  Wilson,  for  Francis  Eghsfield,  and 
are  to  be  sold  at  his  shop  in  Pauls  Churchyard,  at  the  signe 
of  the  Marigold.    1646. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  the  truely 
Noble,  and  publike-liearted  Patriot,  Sir  William  Waller, 
Knight,"  2  leaves;  To  the  Keader,  1  leaf;  sermon  on 
Ps.  cv.  15,  "And  doe  my  Prophets  no  harme,"  pp.  36, 
a  misprint  for  34.1  Imprimatur,  Ja.  Cranford.  Sempt 
[ific]  7.  1646.    (J.  1.  D.;  B.  M] 

"  I  am  a  debtor  to  yourselfe  mainly,  under  God,  for 
that  ranke,  whatsoever  it  be  (though  of  the  loicest  Forme) 
which  1  have  had  in  the  Schooles,  and  now  have  in  the 
Society  of  the  Prophets."  (Ejj.  Ded.) 

"  Reader,  though  this  second  Part  had  not  the  honour 
to  be  so  publike  from  the  Pulpit,  as  its  elder  brother,  the 
first,  had ;  yet  the  judgement  and  importunity  of  some 
well  affected  to  me,  and  the  threatnings  and  mis-reports 
of  others  disaffected  to  it  and  inee,  have  made  it  no  less 
publike  from  the  Presse.  And  yet  ....  it  was  suflB- 
ciently  publike  in  the  preaching  too  ;  there  being  as 
great  a  number  of  the  Kingdomes  and  Cities  Worthies 
present,  as  any  Congregation,  tliat  I  know,  in  London, 
affords  upon  the  Lord^s  Day"   {Epis.  to  the  Reader,) 

Wood  tlius  refers  to  this  sermon,   "  The  great  Interest 

my  expectation  has  been  realized.  My  bibliographical  friends  will  be  inter- 
ested m  the  subjoined  announcement: — "  [Privately  printed.]  Bibliotheca 
Northantonensis.  A  Bibliographical  Account  of  what  has  been  written,  or 
printed,  relating  to  The  History,  Topography,  Antiquities,  Family  History, 
Customs,  etc.,  of  Northamptonshire,  including  a  List  of  Worthies  and 
Authors,  and  their  Works.  By  John  Taylor.  .  .  .  The  impression  limited 
to  Six  Copies.  Printed  on  Single  Sheets  (about  2500),  Demy  6to,  on  one  aide 
only,  comprising  upward  of  25,000  References." 


[; 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  571 

of  Kingdoms^  &c.  Lond  in  qu.  This  I  have  not  yet  seen, 
only  so  much  of  the  title  as  is  here  set  down,  in  A  Cat 
Of  the  most  vendible  Books  in  England^  &c.  Lond.  1668. 
qu.  Collected  and  published  by  WilL  London  a  book- 
seller, who  tells  us  'twas  wrote  by  Mr.  Ford  of  Beading, 
but,  I  think,  false." 

In  the  8vo.  Cat.  of  Printed  Books  in  the  Brit.  Museum, 
I  found  this  entry : — "  Ford,  (Simon).  The  Great 
Interest  of  States  &  Kingdomes,  a  Thanksgiving  Sermon. 
4**  Lond.  1646."  This  appeared  to  be  the  sermon  Wood 
had  not  seen,  and  my  sermon,  "  Tlie  Second  Part^^ 
obtained  from  M*"  Jas.  Crossleys  library,  was  supposed  to 
be  an  unrecorded  publication,  yet  more  rare.  Examina- 
tion however  proves  that  the  Brit.  Mus.  sermon  is,  like 
mine,  "  The  Second  Part."  No  evidence  can  be  found 
that  Ford  had  issued  a  first  part. 

The  explanation  seems  to  be  this — Thomas  Goodwin, 
B.D.  one  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines,  preached  before 
the  House  of  Commons,  at  their  Fast,  Feb.  25,  1645-6. 
The  discourse  was  entitled  when  published  "  The  Great 
Interest  of  States  and  Kingdomes^  The  text  was  "He 
suffered  no  man  to  doe  them  wrong:  yea,  he  reproved 
Kings  for  their  sakes :  Saying,  Touch  not  mine  anointed." 
The  main  topic  insisted  upon  was  "the  danger  that  is 
unto  States,  to  deale  otherwise  than  well  with  the 
Saints,  God's  anointed."  The  latter  clause  "and  doe 
my  Prophets  no  harme"  was  not  dwelt  upon.  This 
clause  Ford  makes  the  subject  of  his  sermon,  and 
gives  it  the  same  title  as  Goodwins,  with  reference  to 
which  he  calls  it  "77<e  Second  Part."  Considering  that 
this  was  his  maiden  publication,  and  that  Goodwin 
was  liis  senior  by  19  years,  the  course  taken  does  not 
exhibet  favourably  tlie  modesty  of  the  preacher,  who 
confesses,  "I  am  one  of  the  youngest  sonnes  of  the 
Prophets." 

2.  "  Ambitio  Sacra :  Conciones  Dvae,  latine  habit*  ad 
Academicos  Oxoniensis,  pro  forma  Baccal :  in  Theologia. 
Prima  ad  Baccalaureos  in  Artibus  Determinaturos,  die  27. 
Febr.  1649.  (Qui  dies  vulgo  dicitur,  Dies  Cinerum.)  Altera, 
in  solenni  Termini  inchoatione,  21.  Apr.  1650.  Authore 
Simone  Ford,  S.S.T.B.  &  -^Edis  Christi  in  eadem  Academi^l 
Alumno. 

"  OXONII,  Excudebat  H,  Hail,  Impensis  Alicia^  Curteyiu, 
1650. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Epistola  Dedicatoria  "  Edwardo  Reynoldo, 
S.  T.  D.  dated  Aug.  13.  1650,  2  leaves;  pp,  39.  [J.  L  D.] 

2  0  2 


572  A  FEW   SHEAVES   OF  DEVON   BIBUOGRAPHY. 

3.  "  Primitiae  Regiminis  Davidici.  Or,  the  First-fruits  of 
David's  Government,  vowed  to  Grod  before,  arid  offered  at  his 
actaal  admission  thereunto.  Represented  in  a  Sermon  at  the 
Assises  held  at  Reading,  for  the  County  of  Berks,  Feb.  28. 
1653.  By  Simon  Ford,  B.D.  and  Pastour  of  the  Congregation 
at  St.  Lawrence  Church  in  the  said  Town.  Published  at  the 
joint  desire  of  the  High  Sheriffe,  and  Justices  of  Peace  for 
the  said  County,  which  (with  some  mis-reports  since  blown 
about  concerning  it,  and  the  Authour)  inclined  him  to  give 
way  thereunto. 

"  LONDON,  Printed  by  S.  0.  for  John  Rothwd  at  the 
Fountain  and  Bear  in  Goldsmith's  Row  in  Cheap-side.  1654." 

4to.  Title,  1  .  leaf ;  Dedication  to  "  the  Honourable  Judge 
Atkins  ...  as  also  to  the  right  Worshipful  William 
Backhouse  of  Swallowfield,  Esq.,  High  Sheriffe.  .  .  ." 
dated  "May  24  1654,"  2  leaves:  Sermon  on  PsaL 
75.  4-7.  pp.  27.  [J.  L  D.] 

"  Surely,  (My  Lord,  ana  Gentlemen)  you  that  are  suflfi- 
ciently  acquainted  with  the  Yerhuries^  Chillenden\  Ives\ 
and  others  of  an  inferior  Order,  whom  it  would  be  too  much 
honour  to  name,  seeds  men  of  the  Devil,  with  whom  this 
poor  Town  hath  been  perpetually  pestered  and  poysoned, 
will,  I  doubt  not,  see  cause  for  that  tartnesse  of  apphca- 
tion  in  the  close,  for  which  1  have  been  sufficiently 
persecuted  by  the  tongues  of  those,  who  found  their 
backs  too  tender  to  be  rubbed. 

"Tliose  mens  names,  and  some  of  the  Errors  and 
Heresies  they  vented,  I  represented  to  your  last  Grand- 
Jury,  and  hoped  they  also  would  have  seen  cause  either 
to  have  reported  them  to  your  Lordship,  and  the  Bench, 
or  at  least  not  to  have  mis-reported  me,  (as  some  of  them 
did)  to  others,  as  unable  to  justifie  my  charge."  {Ep,  Ded.) 

"The  Third  Edition"  of  this  Sermon,  Lond.  1656, 
8vo.,  is  to  be  found  in  the  edition  of  "A  Dialogue, 
concerning  the  Practicall  use  of  Infant-Baptisme. 
Lond.  1657." 

4.  A  Dialogue,  concerning  The  Practicall  use  of  Infant- 
Baptisme  ;  penned  and  published  for  a  profitable  diversion 
from  the  hot  and  eagar  disputes  of  this  Age  concerning  the 
lawfulness,  to  an  holy  improvement  of  the  grounds  and 
practise  thereof.  As  also.  For  the  satisfaction  of  those  who 
lay  it  aside  altogether,  or  practise  it  coldly,  and  sleightly, 
because  they  know  not  of  what  advantage  it  is  to  a  Christian 
practise.  By  Simon  Ford,  B.D.  and  Minister  to  the  congre- 
gation at  Laurence  Church  in  Reading. 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  573 

London,  Printed  by  S.  G.  for  John  Rothwel  at  the  Fountain 
and  Bear  in  Gold-smiths  Sow  in  Cheap-side.  1654 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf ;  "  viro  .  .  .  Guilielmo  Waller  Equiti ;  nee 
non  AnnsB  nobilissimsB  (juxta)  &  pientiBsimse  Conjugi : 
"signed  Simon  Ford,  1  leaf;  **To  the  Reverend  and 
Learned,  Mr.  Stephen  Marshall,  Mr.  Richard  Baxter, 
Mr.  Thomas  Blake,  Mr.  Thomas  Gobbet,  and  other  the 
surviving  Patrons  of  the  antiently  Orthodox,  and 
eminently- useful!  Doctrine  and  Practice  of  Infant- 
Baptism."  Signed  "  Your  weake,  but  willing  and  (I 
hope)  single-hearted,  fellow-labourer  in  the  work  of  our 
Lord,  Simon  Ford.  From  my  study  in  Reading, 
November  4.  1654.  6  leaves;  A  Dialogue  pp.  1-86. 
Then  comes  this  title  page ;  "A  Sermon  of  Catechizing ; 
thought  lit  for  affinity  of  subject  to  be  annexed  to  this 
Treatise  of  the  [Practical!  use  of  Infant -Baptisme.] 
By  the  same  Author.  (Latin  and  Greek  quotations,  5 
lines.)  London,  Printed  for  John  Rothwel.  1655."  1 
leaf ;  "An  Epistle  to  the  Readers  of  this  Treatise,  those 
of  my  owne  Flock,  in  Reading  in  Berk-shire,"  signed 
"One  of  the  meanest  servants  of  Christ,  in  the  work 
of  the  Gospel,  Simon  Ford.  From  my  Study  in  Reading, 
November  4.  1654,"  1  leaf.  [This  Epistle  should  come 
before  the  Dialogue,  and  must  in  this,  the  Brit,  Museum 
copy,  have  been  misplaced  in  the  process  of  binding.] 
"  To  the  Reader,"  signed  "  Thy  affectionate  friend,  and 
servant  in  the  Gospel,  Simon  Ford.  From  my  study  at 
Reading,  Octob.  25.  1654,"  6  leaves ;  A  Sermon  on  Prov. 
xxiL  6,  pp.  1-40;  errata,  1  leaf.  Note,  the  square  brackets 
are  on  the  title  page  of  the  sermon,  as  given  above. 

5.  "The  Spirit  of  Bondage  and  Adoption:  Largely  and 
Practically  handled,  with  reference  to  the  way  and  manner 
of  working  both  those  EfiTects ;  and  the  proper  Cases  of 
Conscience  belonging  to  them  both.  In  two  Treatises, 
Whereunto  is  added  A  Discourse  concerning  the  Duty  of 
Prayer  in  an  afflicted  condition,  by  way  of  Supplement  in 
some  Cases  relating  to  the  second  Treatise.  By  Simon 
Ford,  B.D.  and  Minister  of  the  Gospel  in  Reading. 

London^  Printed  by  T,  Maxey,  for  Sa,  Oellibrand,  at  the 
Ball  in  Pauls  Church  Yard,  1655. 

8vo.  Title,  +  Dedication  "To  the  Reverend,  the  Dean,  and 
Chapter  of  Christ-Church  in  Oxford,  with  the  Students, 
Graduate  and  under-Graduate ;  who  are  or  hereafter 
shall  be  Members  of  that  Foundation  :  Together  with 
The  Reverend  Principal  of  Magdalen  Hall,  and  all  the 


674  A  FEW  SHSAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOORAPHT. 

Masters,  Commoners  and  other  Students  there,"  dated 
Decem.  13.  1654,  +  "To  the  Readers  of  these  Treatises, 
especially  those  of  my  present  Congregation  in  Reading, 
and  those  of  my  oTice- Auditory,  the  people  of  Witney  in 
Oxfordshire," 'signed  Simon  Ford, +  **To  the  Reader," 
signed  "  Tho.  Temple,"  +  "  To  the  Reader,"  signed  "  Fr. 
Cheynell,"  and  Errata,  8  leaves ;  pp.  630.  Contents,  8 
leaves;  List  of  Books  lately  published,  dated  January 
5.  1655,  1  leaf.  Note,  "The  Spirit  of  Adoption"  ends 
on  p.  582,  followed  by  this  title,  "  A  saints  Direction  in 
an  afflicted  condition.  By  Simon  Ford  B.D.  .  .  .  London, 
Printed  for  8a.  Gellibrand  .  .  .  1655,"  and  an  Epistle 
Dedicatory  "  To  the  noble  and  worthily  honoured.  Ladies 
and  Gentlewomen,  The  Lady  Cecilia  Knollys,  the  Lady 
Letice  Vachell,  the  Lady  Ann  Pye,  Mrs.  Letice  Hampden, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth,  Margaret,  and  Mary  Hammonds,  Mrs. 
Trevor ;  and  all  the  rest  of  the  noble  Families,  concerned 
in  that  late  sad  stroke  of  providence,  the  death  of  that 
much  bewailed  Gentleman,  Colonel  Rol>ert  Hammond," 
dated  "Reading,  Decem.  5.  1654."  Then  the  Discourse 
mentioned  in  the  title  of  the  vol.  the  text  being  Jam.  v. 
13.  The  paging  is  correctly  ciirried  on  from  p.  582  to 
p.  630.     [J.LD.] 

6.  A  Sober  Answer  To  an  angry  Epistle,  Directed  to  all  the 
publick  Teachers  in  this  Nation,  and  prefixed  to  a  Book, 
called  (By  an  Antiphrasis)  Christs  Innocency  pleaded  against 
the  Cry  of  the  Chief  IMests.  Written  in  hast  {sic)  By 
Thomas  Speed,  once  a  publick  Teacher  himself,  and  since 
revolted  from  that  Calling  to  Merchandize,  and  of  late  grown 
a  Merchant  of  Soules,  trading  subtilly  for  the  Quakers  in 
Bristoll.  Wherein  the  Jesuitical  Equivocations  and  subtle 
Insinuations,  whereby  he  endeavours  secretly  to  infuse  the 
whole  Venome  of  Quaking  Doctrines  into  undiscerning 
Readers,  are  discovered,  a  Catalogue  of  the  true  and  genuine 
Doctrines  of  the  Quakers  is  presented,  and  certaine  Questions 
depending  between  us  and  them,  candidly  disputed.  By 
Christopher  Fowler  &  Simon  Ford,  Ministers  of  the  Grospel 
in  Reading. 

London,  Printed  for  Samuel  Gellibrand,  at  the  Ball  in 
Pauls  Church  Yard.  1656. 

4to.  Title  and  Dedication  "  To  Colonell  William  Sydenham," 
2  leaves;  An  Answer,  pp.  1-76.  Dated  on  the  last 
page  Reading  this  12  of  May  1656.  [B.M.]  This 
work  called  forth  ; — 

**  The   Gvilty-Covered    Clerg}'-man   Vnvailed ;    in   a 
plain  and  candid  Reply  unto  Two  Bundles  of  Wrath 


A  FEW  SHEAVES   OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  575 

and  Confusion,  wrapt  up  in  one  and  twenty  sheets  of 
Paper.  The  one  written  by  Christopher  Fowler  and 
Simon  Ford  of  Reading ;  The  other  by  William  Thomas 
of  Ubley  in  Somersetshire.  Wherein  all  their  malicious 
Slanders  and  false  Accusations,  which  they  cast  upon 
the  Truth,  are  clean  wash'd  off;  Their  weapons  with 
which  they  war  against  the  Lamb,  broken  over  their 
own  heads;  and  they,  with  the  rest  of  the  Tyth- 
exacting  Teachers,  proved  to  be  the  great  Incendiaries, 
and  Misleaders  of  these  Nations.  By  Thomas  Speed,  a 
Friend  to  all  that  tremble  at  the  word  of  the  Lord,  &c. 
London,  Printed  for  Giles  Calvert,  at  the  black  spread 
Eagle,  at  the  West  end  of  Pauls.  1 657."  4to.  This 
work  commences  thus  : — 

**  Christopher  Fowler,  and  Simon  Ford, 

Upon  the  sixteenth  day  of  the  moneth  past  (called  July) 
I  received  (by  the  hands  of  a  Friend)  a  Pamphlet  with 
a  scofiing  inscription  written  upon  it  ...  .  which  I 
have  perused  ....  and  do  find  it  to  be  a  monstrous 
birth,  begotten  by  the  Prince  of  Darkness,  conceived  in 
the  womb  of  your  own  guilt,  and  brought  forth  by  the 
vigorous  assistance  of  that  great  Red  Dragon,  which 
stood  before  the  Woman  ready  to  be  delivered,  to  devour 
her  man  child,  as  soon  as  it  was  born." 

Thomas  Speed  was  a  Quaker  who  died  3  August, 
1703 ;  and  was  buried  the  5  of  the  same  month  at 
Bristol.     (Smith's  Friends'  Books,  ij.  617.) 

7.  A  Dialogue,  concerning  the  Practicall  use  of  Infant- 
Baptisme :  Penned,  and  Published  for  a  profitable  Diversion 
from  the  hot  and  eager  Disputes  of  this  Age  concerning  the 
lawfulness,  to  an  holy  improvement  of  the  grounds,  and 
practice  thereof.  As  also,  For  the  satisfaction  of  those  who 
lay  it  aside  altogether,  or  practise  it  coldly,  and  sleightly, 
because  they  know  not  of  what  advantage  it  is  to  a  Christian 
practice.  Whereunto  is  added  A  2^  Dialogue  on  the  same 
subject.  By  Simon  Ford,  B.D.  and  Minister  to  the  Congrega- 
tion at  Laurence  Church  in  Reading. 

LONDON.  Printed  by  T,  M,  for  John  Bothwd,  at  the 
Fountain  in  Goldsmith's  Row  in  Cheap-side  1657. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Latin  Ded.  as  in  1st  edition  to  Sir  Wm. 
Waller  &c.,  1  leaf;  Ep.  Ded.  to  Stephen  Marshall, 
Richard  Baxter  and  others,  6  leaves;  "An  Epistle  to  the 
Reader  of  this  Treatise,  especially,  of  my  owne  Flock, 
in  Reading  in  Berk-shire,"  signed  and  dated  as  in  1st 
edit.,  2  leaves;  "A  Preface,  to  the  Reader,  concerning 


576  A  FEW  SHSAYES  OF  DEVON  BIBUOGRAPHT. 

the  usefulnesse  of  these  two  Treatises,''  signed  '*  Tomas 
(sic)  Blake.  From  my  study  in  Tamworth  Octob.  22. 
1656,"  6  leaves;  A  Dialogue,  pp.  1-83.  Then  this  title 
page,  "A  Sermon  of  Catechizing ;  thought  fit  for  affinity 
of  subject  to  be  annexed  to  this  Treatise  of  the  Practical 
use  of  Infant-Baptism.  By  the  same  Authour.  [Quota- 
tions, 5  lines.]  London,  Printed  for  John  Rothtcd. 
1656."  1  leaf;  To  the  Reader,  signed  Simon  Ford,  and 
dated  Octob.  25,  1654,  5  leaves;  Sermon  on  Pro  v. 
xxii.  6,  pp.  1-39.  Then  this  title  page,  "Primitiae 
Regiminis  Davidici :  or,  The  First-fruits  of  Davids 
Government;  vowed  to  God  before,  and  offered  at  his 
actual  admission  thereunto.  Represented  in  a  Sermon 
at  the  Assizes  held  at  Reading,  for  the  County  of  Berks, 
Feb.  28.  1653.  By  Simon  Ford,  B.D.  and  Pastor  of  the 
Congregation  at  St.  Laurence  Church  in  the  said  Town. 
Published  at  the  joynt  desire  of  the  High  Sheriff  and 
Justices  of  Peace  for  the  said  County,  which  (with  some 
mis-reports  since  blown  about  concerning  it,  and  the 
Author)  inclined  him  to  give  way  thereunto.  The  third 
Editition  (sic).  London^  Printed  by  T,  M.  iot  John 
Bothtod  at  the  Fmtntain  and  Bear  in  Goldsmiths  Row 
in  Cheai>side.  1656,"  1  leaf;  Dedication  dated  May 
24.  165 i,  2  leaves;  Sermon  on  Psal.  75.  4-7,  pp.  1-33. 
[Hitherto  the  signatures  have  been  consecutive,  now 
with  this  title  they  re-commence.]  "The  Second  Part 
of  the  Dialogue  concerning  The  Practical  Use  of  Infant- 
Baptism.  Wherein  many  things  dubiously  expressed  in 
the  former  Part,  are  Satisfactorily  cleared ;  many  heads 
slightly  touched,  are  considerably  enlarged ;  and  many 
new  hints  seasonably  suggested  to  the  Consideration  of 
those,  who  had  rather  profitably  improve,  then  barrenly 
Dispute,  or  prophanely  Dispute  away,  so  profitable  an 
Ordinance.  By  the  same  Authour.  LONDON,  Printed 
by  T.  Maxef/,  for  John  Bothicel,  at  the  Fountain  and 
Bear  in  Goldsmiths  Row  in  Cheape-side.  1656."  1  leaf; 
"The  Stationer  to  the  Reader,"  1  leaf;  A  Second 
Dialogue,  pp.  5-100;  "A  Postcript  of  the  Author," 
pp.  101-109  ;  Errata,  1  page.  [J.  L  D.] 

"  The  Stationer  to  the  Reader.  These  are  to  Advertise  thee. 
That  the  Authour  intends  the  Publication  of  a  short 
Catechism,  containing  the  Substance  of  thtSf  and  the 
former  part,  by  way  of  Question  and  Answer ;  and  that 
the  said  Catechism  will  be  speedily  Printed  by  it 
self.  ..." 

8.  A  short  catechism  Declaring  the  practical  Use  of  the 
covenant-interest,  and  baptism  of  the  Infant-seed  of  Believers. 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  577 

Being  Extracted  out  of  two  Dialogues  concerning  that  Subject, 
written  and  published,  By  Simon  Ford  Minister  of  the 
GospeL  With  an  Epistle  annexed  by  the  Reverend  Dr. 
Reynolds. 

London,  Printed  by  S.  G.  for  John  Rothwell  at  the  Fountain, 
in  Goldsmith's  Row  in  Cheapside,  1657. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf ;  pp.  28.    [Bod.] 

9a.  YLapaXKtiXa ;  or  the  Loyall  Subjects  Exultation  for  the 
Royal  Exiles  Restauration  in  the  Parallel  of  K.  David  and 
Mephibosheth  on  the  one  side  ;  and  Our  Gracious  Sovereign 
K.  Charls,  {sic.)  and  his  loving  subjects,  on  the  other.  Set 
forth  in  A  ISermon  preached  at  All-Saints  Church  in  North- 
ampton, Jun.  28.  1660.  being  The  Day  appointed  for  Solemn 
Thanksgiving  for  his  Royal  Majesties  happy  Restitution.  By 
Simon  Ford  Minister  there. 

London,  Printed  by  Abraham  Miller  for  Samuel  Gellibrand 
in  St.  Pauls  Church-yard.  1660. 

4to.  Title  and  Dedication  To  Sir  Henry  Yelverton  Baronet 
and  John  Crew  Esquire,  four  leaves ;  Sermon  on  2  Sam. 
xix.  30,  pp.  1-48.  This  work  was  printed  on  the  8th 
of  August.  [B.M.] 

96.  TLapaWriKa  : 

London,  Printed  by  A  M.  for  Samuel  Gellibrand  at  the 
Sign  of  the  Golden  Ball  in  St.  Pauls  Church-yard,  1660. 

4to.  [Mr.  J.  Taylor.] 

10.  "  na/t)aXXi;Xa  Sv(nrapa\\fj\a ;  or  The  Loyal  Subjects 
Indignation  for  his  Royal  Sovereign's  Decollation  ;  expressed 
in  an  unparallel'd  parallel  between  the  professed  murtherer 
of  K.  Saul,  and  the  horrid  actual  murtherers  of  King  Charles  I. 
The  substance  whereof  was  delivered  in  a  Sermon  preached 
at  AUhallows  Church  in  Northampton,  on  (the  Day  appointed 
for  an  Anniversary  Humiliation  in  reference  to  that  execrable 
fact)  Jan.  30.  1660.  By  Simon  Ford  B.D.  Minister  there  and 
Chaplain  to  his  Majesty. 

London,  Printed  by  J.  H.  for  Samuel  Gellibrand  at  the 
Golden  Ball  in  St.  Pauls  Church-yard.  1661." 

4to.  Title  and  Dedication  to  John,  Earl  of  Lauderdail,  3 
leaves;  The  Sermon  on  2  Sam.  i.  14.  pp.  50.     [B.M.] 

11.  *H<n/x/a  Xpi(TTiav6v,  Or  a  Christian's  Acquiesence  in 
all  the  Products  of  Divine  Providence :  Opened  in  a  Sermon, 
preached  at   Cottesbrook  in   Northampton-Shire  April  the 


578  A  FEW  SHBAYBS  OF  DBYON  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

16.  1664.  At  the  Interment  of  the  Bight  Honourable,  and 
eminently  Pious  Lady,  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Langham  wife  to 
Sir  James  Langham  Kt.  By  Simon  Ford  B.D.  and  Minister 
of  Grods  Word  in  Northampton.    [Quotation,  6  lines]. 

LONDON,  Printed  by  B.  D.  for  John  Baker  at  the  Peacock 
in  St  PaiUs  Church-yard.  1665. 

8vo.  Frontispiece  of  arms,  "K  Cocker  Sculp.";  Title  and 
Imprimatur,  dated  Oct.  15.  1664,  1  leaf;  Epistle 
Dedicatory  "To  the  right  worshipful  Sir  James 
Langham  Knigt,"  [sic]  dated  Octob.  20.  1664,  4  leaves; 
another  "To  the  most  honourable  the  Lady  Lucy 
Countess  of  Huntingdon,  and  Henry  Lord  Lough- 
brough,"  7  leaves;  Sermon  on  Acts  21.  14.  pp  156. 
Elegies,  Epitaphs  &c  pp  (157)  to  (209).     [J.LD.] 

The  Life,  Death,  and  Character  of  the  Bt.  Honble  the 
Lady  Elizabeth  Langham,  by  Simon  Ford,  D.D.  Vicar  of 
All-Saints  in  Northampton,  and  afterwards  Rector  of  Old- 
Swinford  in  Worcestershire. 

Wilford's  Memorials  and  Characters,  foL  1741,  pp.  493- 
501.     Extracted  from  the  Sermon  above.     [J.I.D.] 

12.  Oav/jLaa-ia  Kvpiov  ev  Bv6(p  or  The  Lords  Wonders  in 
the  Deep.  Being  a  Sermon  preached  at  the  time  of  the 
Publique  Assises  at  AUhallows  in  Northampton  July  4. 
1665.  Being  the  day  appointed  for  Solemne  Thanks-giving 
for  the  late  remarkable  Victory  obtained  against  the  Dutch, 
by  the  Royall  Navy  under  the  conduct  of  his  Royall 
Highnesse.  And  published  at  the  speciall  Instance  of  his 
Majesties  Reverend  Judges  and  the  High  Sheriffe  of  that 
County.  By  Simon  Ford,  D.D.  Chaplaine  to  his  Majesty 
and  Minister  there. 

Oxford,  Printed  by  W.  Hall  for  Samuel  Pocock  Anno 
Dom.  1665. 

4to.  Title.  Imprimatur  and  Dedication  "To  James,  Duke  of 
Yorke."  2  leaves;  The  Sermon  on  Psal.  cvii.  24. 
pp.  28.  [B.M.] 

13.a.  The  Conflagration  of  Loudon :  poetically  delineated. 
And  directed  to  the  most  noble  and  deserving  citizen 
Sir  J.  L[angham].  Knight  and  Baronet.  Ut  pictura  poesis. 
Horat.    [^Twm]. 

London,  Printed  for  Sa.  Gellibrand.  1667. 

4to.  pp.  28.  [B.M.] 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  579 

13.(.  Conflagratio  LondiDensis  Poetice  Depicta.  The  Con- 
flagration of  London :  Poetically  described,  both  in  Latin  and 
English  ....  The  Second  Edition,  with  large  additions. 

London,  Printed  for  Sa.  Gellibrand.  1667. 

4to.  [RM.  164. ;  K.  21.  Mr.  J.  Taylor.] 

13c,  Three  Poems  Eelating  to  the  late  Dreadful  Destruction 
of  the  City  of  London  by  Fire  Septemb.    1666.    Entituled, 

I.  (  Conflagratio  Londinensis. 
IL<  Londini  quod  Reliquum. 
III.  (  Actio  in  Londini  Incendiaries. 

All  by  the  same   Hand.     The  First  of  which  was  before 
extant,  but  in  this  second  Edition  very  much  amended,  with 
large  Additions.     The  other  Two  are  wholly  New. 
London,  Printed  for  Sa :  Gellibrand,  Nov.  20.  1667. 

4to.  fPeterboro'  Cath:  Lib:  K.  4.  20.  supplied  by  Mr. 
Taylor.] 

13rf.  londini  quod  reliqvvm.  Or,  Londons  remains :  in 
Latin  and  English. 

London,  Printed  for  Sa,  Gellibrand,  1667. 

4to  Title,  1  loaf ;  The  Stationer  to  the  Header,  1  page,  followed 
by  the  Latin  and  English  on  opposite  pages,  both  separ- 
ately paged  1-16.  The  Latin  dedicated  to  *Gvilielmvm 
Langham,  M.D.'  The  English  to  *  Mrs.  Mary  Langham ' 
— Followed  by ; — 

Actio  in  Londini  incendiarios.      Ad  .  .  .  Dominum 
Justinianura  Isham,  Baronettum.  pp.  1-16. 
Signatures  A  to  F  in  fours,  G  in  two.     [Bod.] 

14a.  Londini  Eenascentis  Imago  Poetica.  Ad  Serinissimum 
Britanniarum  Monarcham  Carolum  II.     [Arion,] 
Londini  Excudebat  A.  M.  pro  Sa.  Gellibrand.  1668. 

4to  Title,  1  leaf ;  Londini  pp.  1-22.  Dated  on  p.  21,  June 
24.  1668.     [B.M-.] 

146.  Londons  Resurrection,  Poetically  represented,  and 
humbly  presented  To  His  Most  Sacred  Majesty,  [^non]. 

London,  Printed  by  A.  M.  for  Sa.  Gellibrand,  in  St.  PauUs 
Church-yard,  1669. 

4to.  pp.  24.     [B.M.] 

15.  The  Blessednesse  of  being  Bountiful;  or.  Our  Blessed 
Saviours  usual  Proverb,  opened,  asserted  and  practically 
improved.    By  Simon  Ford,  D.D.    [An  engraving  of  a  woman 


580  ▲  FBW  SHBAYBS  OF  DEVON  BIBLI06RAPHT. 

taking  charge  of  seven  children,  with  a  winged  angel  in  the 
clouds  looking  down  on  her.] 

London,  Printed  for  James  Collins  at  the  Kings  Arms  in 
Ludgate-street,  1674. 

8vo.  Title,  Dedication  to  Georgio  Baroni  de  Berkeley,  and 
The  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  Sir  William  Turner  Kt 
President,  with  his  Assistants,  the  Govemours  of  the 
two  Hospitals  of  Bridewell  and  Bethlem,"  4  leaves ;  The 
Blessedness  pp.  138.  Some  Books  Printed  for  James 
Collins,  2  leaves.     [Dr.  W.'s  Lib.] 

16.a.  Carmen  Funebre ;  ex  occasione  Northamtonae  con- 
flagratse  compositum.  Opera  S.  Ford,  S.  T.  D.  Auctoris 
Poematis  de  Conflagratione  Londini  &c. 

Londini,  Apud  JS.  Brome  Bibliopolam  ad  insigne  Tormenti 
Bellici,  prope  Portam  Occidentalum  sedis  S.  PauJL  1676. 

4:to.  Title.  1  leaf ;  Carmen  Funebre,  5  lea>(es ;  the  paging  of 
which  runs  thus,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  8,  7,  6.     [B.  M.J 

16.6.  The  Fall  and  Funeral  of  Northampton  in  An  Elegy, 
late  published  in  Latin  By  the  Reverend  Dr.  S.  Ford.  Since 
made  English,  with  some  variation  and  enlarged.  By  F.A. 
M.A.     A  sad  Spectator  of  that  frightful  scene  .... 

London :  Printed  for  John  Wright,  and  are  to  be  sold  by 
William  Cockrain,  Bookseller  in  Northampton.  1677. 

4to.  Title,  and  Dedication  To  the  Knights  and  Gentlemen 
commissioners  appointed  for  rebuilding  of  Northampton, 
2  leaves;  The  Elegy,  pp  1-12.     [B.  M.] 

17a.  A  Discourse  concerning  Gods  Judgements;  Resolving 
many  weighty  Questions  and  Cases  relating  to  them. 
Preached  (for  the  substance  of  it)  at  Old  Swinford  in 
Worcestershire.  (And  Now  Published  to  accompany  the 
Annexed  Narrative  concerning  the  Man  whose  Hands  and 
Legs  lately  Hotted  off'  in  the  neighbouring  Parish  of  Kings- 
Swinford  in  Staff'ordshire,  Penned  by  another  Authour. 
By  Simon  Ford,  D.D.  and  Rector  of  Old-Swinford. 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Hen,  Brome,  at  the  Gun  at  the 
West-end  of  S.  Pauls,  1678. 

12mo.  Title  with  Imprimatur  at  the  back,  1  leaf;  Ep.  Ded. 
"To  his  Honoured  Friends,  Thomas  Foley  of  Keder- 
minster;  and  Philip  Foley  of  Prestwood-Hall,  Es^iuires," 
by  Simon  Ford,  dated  "Old  Swinford,  Sep.  20.  1677.," 
and  "  To  the  Christian  Readers  ....  by  S.  F., 
4  leaves;  A  Discourse,  pp.   89.     Then  this  title,   "A 


▲  FEW   SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  581 

Just  Narrative,  or,  Account  of  the  Man  whose  Hands 
and  Legs  Rotted  off:  In  the  Parish  of  Kings-Swinford 
in  Statford-shire,  where  he  died,  June  21.  1677. 
Carefully  Collected  by  Jam.  Illingworth,  B.D.  An 
Eye  and  Ear-Witness  of  most  of  the  material  Passages 
in  it.  LONDON,  Printed  for  Hen,  Bromey  at  the  Gun 
at  the  West-end  of  S.  Pauls,  1678."  1  leaf;  Ep.  Ded.To  the 
Reverend  S.  Ford,  D.D.  signed  J.  Illingworth,  1  leaf;  A 
just  Narrative,  pp.  17.  A  letter  dated,  Kinfare.  Aug. 
17.  1677  and  signed  Jonath.  Newey,  4  leaves;  An 
Attestation  signed,  "Simon  Ford,  DD.  Tho.  Wilsby. 
Amb.  Sparry.  John  Raynolds.  Sam.  Mountfort 
Edward  Paget."  1  leaf.     [J.LD.] 

17J.  A  Discourse  concerning  God's  Judgments ;  Resolving 
many  weighty  Questions  and  Cases  relating  to  them. 
Preached  (for  the  substance  of  it)  at  Old  Swinford  in 
Worcester-shire :  And  now  publish'd  to  accompany  the 
annexed  Narrative  concerning  the  Man  whose  Hands  and 
Legs  lately  rotted  off :  In  the  neighbouring  Parish  of  Kings- 
Swinford,  in  Stafford-shire ;  Penned  by  another  Author.  By 
Simon  Ford,  D.D.  and  Rector  of  the  said  Parish. 

LONDON:  Printed  by  A,  G.  for  Henry  Brome,  at  the  Gun 
at  the  .West-end  of  St.  Pauls,  1678. 

8vo.  Title  with  Imprimatur  at  the  back,  1  leaf ;  Ep.  Ded. 
"  To  his  Honoured  Friends,  Thomas  Toley  [sic]  of  Keder- 
minster ;  and  Philip  Toley  (sic)  of  Prestwood-Hall, 
Esquires,"  by  Simon  Ford,  dated  Old  Swinford,  Sept. 
20.  1677,"  and  "To  the  Christian  Readers"  ...  by 
S.  F.,  3  leaves ;  pp.  64.  Then  this  title  "  A  Just  Narra- 
tive, or.  Account  of  the  Man  whose  Hands  and  Legs 
rotted  off:  in  the  Parish  of  Kings-Swinford,  in  Stafford- 
shire, where  he  died,  June  21.  1677.  Carefully  collected 
by  Ja.  Illingworth,  B.D.  An  Eye  and  Ear -Witness  of 
most  of  the  material  Passages  in  it.  LONDON  :  Printed 
hy  A.  C,  for  Henry  Brome,  at  the  Gun  at  the  West-end 
of  St.  Pauls,  1678,"  1  leaf:  Ep.  Ded.  To  the  Reverend 
S.  Ford,  D.D.  signed  J.  Illingworth,  1  leaf;  A  just 
Narrative,  pp.  12;  A  letter  dated  Kinfare,  Aug.  17.  1677, 
and  signed  Jonath.  Newey,  3  leaves;  An  Attestation 
signed  "  Simon  Ford,  D.D.  Tho.  Wilsby.  Amb.  Sparry. 
John  Raynolds.  Samuel  Mountfort,  Edward  Paget." 
1  leaf.     [Taylor  Collection.] 

17c.  A  Genuine  Account  of  the  Man,  whose  Hands  and 
Legs  rotted  off,  in  the  Parish  of  King's-Swinford  in  Stafford- 
shire; where  he  died,  June  21, 1677.     Carefully  collected  by 


582  A  ¥&Vr  SHEAVES   OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Ja.  lUingwortb,  6.D.  To  which  is  added,  (occasioned  by 
this  remarkable  Instance  of  Divine  Vengeance)  A  Discourse 
concerning  God's  Judgments ;  preach'd  (in  substance)  at  Old 
Swinford  in  Worcestershire,  a  neigbouring  Parish  to  King's- 
Swinford.  By  Simon  Ford  D.D.  and  Rector  of  the  said 
Parish.  To  the  whole  is  prefixed  the  Rev.  Mr.  William 
Whiston*s  remarkable  Mention  of  this  extraordinary  AfiGedr ; 
with  his  Reasons  for  the  Republication  thereof,  taken  from 
bis  Memoirs. 

London,  Reprinted,  from  the  first  Edition  in  1678,  and 
sold  by  R  GrifiSths,  in  St.  Paul's  Church-yard ;  Mr.  Eddowes^ 
Bookseller  in  Salop;  Mr.  Parsons,  Bookseller  in  Newcastle, 
Stafifordshire.    n.d.  [1750.] 

8vo.  Half  title,  1  leaf ;  Title,  and  Extract  from  Mr.  Whiston's 
Memoirs,  pp.  i-iv;  To  the  Rev.  S.  Ford,  D.D.  signed 
J.  Illingwortli,  pp.  i.-iv :  A  Just  Narrative,  pp.  5-23 ; 
To  his  Honoured  Friends  Thomas  Foley  of  Kederminster 
and  Philip  Foley  of  Prestwood-Hall,  Esquires,  signed 
Simon  Ford,  pp.  24-26  ;  To  the  Christian  Reader,  signed 
S.F.  pp.  27-28;  A  Discourse,  pp.  29-86.  [RM.] 

lid.  Divine  Judgments  Exemplified:  being  an  Extra- 
ordinary Relation  of  a  Young  Gentleman;  who  had  been 
Religiously  brought  up ;  but  coming  up  to  Town,  with  a 
design  to  Study  the  Law,  was  Ridiculed  out  of  his  Inno- 
cence, and  Virtue,  by  a  Wicked  sett  of  Atheistical  Com- 
panions; with  a  true  Account  of  his  Miserable  Death. 
Likewise  an  Authentic  Narrative  of  John  Duucalf,  whose 
Hands  and  Legs  Rotted  Off.  Which  was  the  very  Punish- 
ment he  wished  might  befall  him,  if  he  had  committed  a 
certain  Theft  with  which  he  was  chai-ged  ;  this  Object  of 
Grods  just  Resentment,  lived  in  the  I^arish  of  King's- 
Swinford,  in  Staffordshire,  Attested  by  the  Rev.  S.  Ford, 
D.D.  Rector  of  Old-Swinford.  To  which  is  added  several 
other  Instances  of  the  Divine  Indignations,  against  Lyars, 
Swearers,  Sabbath-breakers,  &c.  Reprinted  by  Desire  and 
Recommended  to  Youth  in  General.  P>y  several  eminent 
Divines. 

LONDON:  Printed  by  R.  Tate,  No.  432,  Oxford-street, 
near  Tottenham  Court-Road,  and  Sold  by  Alexander  Hogg, 
No.  16,  Fater  Nosier  Bow.  1778. 

12mo.  Half  Title  and  Title,  2  leaves;  pp.  79.  "The  Just 
Narrative , "  p.  48-79,  is  Illingwortli  part  of  the  above 
volume,  with  Newey's  letter  from  Kingfare,  but  here 
signed  "  Jonath. -Newton.**     [Taylor  Collection.] 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  583 

18a.  A  Plain  and  Profitable  Exposition  of,  and  Enlarge- 
nient  upon,  the  Church-Catechism :  By  way  of  Questions 
and  Answers.  For  the  more  ample  Instruction  of  the  more 
adult  Children,  and  other  Elderly  Persons  that  need  it.  And 
Divided  into  so  many  Parts,  as  there  are  Lords  Days  in  each 
Year ;  that  it  may  be  gone  through  yearly,  either  publickly, 
in  the  Church,  or  privately  in  Families.  Together  with 
the  Scheme  of  a  Shorter  Catechism  annexed,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Younger  sort  of  Catechumens.  By  Simon  Ford  D.D. 
and  Rector  of  Old-Swinford  in  Worcestershire. 

LONDON,  Printed  by  T.  B.  for  John  Gellibrand,  at  the 
Oolden  Ball  in  St.   PauVs  Church-yard,  1684. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf;  Dedication  to  William  Lord  Bishop  of  Wor- 
cester, and  A  Prefatory  Epistle.  7  leaves;  pp.  112.  [J.I.D.] 

185.  A  Plain  and  Profitable  Exposition  ....  The 
Second  Edition  more  Correct. 

LONDON,  Printed  by  T,  B,  for  T.  Sawhridge,  at  the  Bible 
on  Liidgate-HilL  1686. 

12mo.  Title,  Dedication,  and  A  Prefatory  Epistle,  6  leaves ; 
pp.  88.     [Taylor  Collection.] 

19.  A  New  Version  of  the  Psalms  of  David,  Together  with 
all  the  Church-Hymns  into  metre,  smooth,  plain  and  easie  to 
the  most  ordinary  capacities:  And  yet  as  close  to  the  Original 
Languages,  and  the  last  and  best  English  Translation,  as  the 
nature  of  such  a  work  will  well  permit.  By  Simon  Ford, 
D.D.  and  Eectour  of  Old  Swinford  in  Worcestershire. 

London,  Printed  by  J.  H.  for  Brabazon  Aylmer  at  the  Three 
Pigeons  over  against  the  Royal  Exchange  in  Cornhill  1688. 

12mo.  Imprimatur  dated  March  17.  1686,  Title  page,  Dedica- 
tion "  To  Francis,  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely,"  and  A  Preface 
to  the  Reader,  16  leaves;  Psalms,  Church-Hymns,  A 
Postscript  to  the  Christian  Reader,  Errata  and  Books 
printed  for  B.  Aylmer,  pp.  1-460.  [B.  M.] 

20.  Baptism  for  the  Dead.  A  Sermon  preached  before  the 
Lord  Mayor  and  the  Court  of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of 
London,  on  Jvne  the  5th  1692.  By  Simon  Ford,  D.D.  and 
Rector  of  Old-Swiuford  in  Worcestershire.  Imprimatur,  R. 
A.  Barker,  June  15.  1692. 

London :  Printed  for  A.  and  J.  Churchill,  at  the  Black 
Swan  in  Pater-Noster-Row  1692. 

4to.  Half  title,  Court  of  Aldermens  request  to  have  Sermon 
printed.  Title,  and  Dedication  to  Sir  Thomas  Stamp, 
Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen,  3  leaves :  The 
Sermon  on  1  Cor.  xv.  29.  pp.  30.     [B.  M.] 


584  A  FSW  8HSAVES  OF  DEVON   BLfiLlOGRAPHY. 

21.  The  Restoring  of  Fallen  Brethren:  containing  the 
substance  of  Two  Sermons,  on  6aL  vL  I,  2.  preached  at  the 
performance  of  Publick  Penance  by  certain  Criminals,  on  the 
Lord's-day  usually  called  Mid-Lent  Sunday;  1696.  In  the 
Parish-Church  of  Old-Swinford  in  Worcestershire.  By 
Simon  Ford,  D.D.  and  Rector  there.  With  a  Preface  by  the 
Right  Reverend  Father  in  God  Edward  Lord  Bishop  of 
Worcester. 

London,  Printed  for  Henry  Mortlock,  at  the  Phoenix  in  St. 
Paul's  Church-Yard.     1697. 

4to.  Title  and  Preface  signed  "Ed.  Wigorn.  Worcester. 
Apr.  8  :  97,"  3  leaves ;  The  Sermons,  pp.  1-26.  [B.M.1 

The  Criminals  did  penance  in  white  dieets  with  wands 
in  their  hands. 

22a.  Musarum  Anglicanarum.  .  .  .  Londini:  Ex  Officina 
Jacobi  Tonson  &  Johannis  Watts.  1721.    12mo.    2  vols. 

In  voL  i.  pp.  117-130,  is  found  "  Piscatio,  Ad  Reverend- 
issimum  in  Christo  Patrem,  Gilbertum  Archiepisc 
Cantuariensem."  348  lines,  signed  on  p.  130,  Simon 
Ford,  S.T.P.     [B.M.] 

22b.  Musae  AnglicanaB.  Editio  Quinta.  Londini,  J.  &  R 
Tonson  &  J.  Watts.    1741.    12mo.    2  vols. 

In  vol.  i.  pp.  97-108  is  found  "  Piscatio,  etc.  as  above. 
[B.M.] 

23.  Piscatio,  or  Angling.  A  Poem  written  originally  in 
Latin.  By  S.  Ford,  D.D.  and  Inscribed  to  Arch-Bishop 
Sheldon.  Translated  from  the  Musae  Anglicance,  By  Tipping 
Silvester,  M.A.  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxon.  .  .  . 

Oxford :  Printed  by  Leon.  Lichfield :  And  are  to  be  sold 
by  the  Widow  Fletcher,  Bookseller  in  the  High-Street ;  and 
by  Mr.  Thurlburne,  Bookseller  in  Cambridge,  1733. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf;  Angling,  pp.  1-24.     [B.M.] 

24  Plutarch's  Morals  Translated  from  the  Greek,  By 
Several  Hands. 

London,  Printed  for  John  Gellibrand,  1684-1690.  8vo. 
3  volumes. 

Contains,  Vol.  I.  Part  i.  pp.  1-44.  A  Discourse  touching 
the  Breeding  and  Conduct  of  Children.  Translated  from 
the  Greek  by  Simon  Ford  D.D.  Vol.  I.  Part  iii.  pp. 
351-424,  IIow  a  Young  Man  ought  to  hear  or  read 
Poems.  Translated  from  the  Greek  By  Simon  Ford, 
D.D.     [B.M.] 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVOM  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  583 

Plutarch's  Morals.  Third  edition.  London,  Tho.  Bmddyll, 
1694.    8vo.    5  vols. 

Contains,  Vol.  I.  pp.  1-38.  A  Discourse  ...  (as  above). 
[B.M.] 

Plutarch's  Morals.  Fourth  edition.  London,  Tho.  Braddyll, 
1704.    8vo.    6  vols. 

Contains,  Vol.  I.  pp.  1-34.     A  Discourse  ...  (as  above). 
Vol.  II.  pp.  36-59.     How  a  young  man  .  .  .  (as- above). 
[B.M.] 

Plutarch's  Morals.  Fifth  edition.  London,  W.  Taylor,  1718. 
8vo.    5  vols. 

Contains  Vol.  I.  pp.  1-34.     A  Discourse  ...  (as  above). 
Vol.  IL  pp.  37-93.  How  a  young  man  ...  (as  above). 

[B.M.] 

Plutarch's  Morals.  Corrected  and  revised  by  W.  W. 
Goodwin,  Ph.  D.  London,  Sampson  Low,  1870.  8vo.  5  vols. 

Contains,   VoL    I.    pp.    3-32.       A  discourse   touching  the 
training  of  children. 
Vol.  II.  pp.  42-94.    How  a  young  man  ...  (fits  above). 

[B.M.] 

A  Christians  Delight,  or  Morning -Meditations  upon  xcvii 
choice  Texts  of  Scripture  ....  By  Maritius  Bohemus 
Minister  of  Hallauton  in  Leicester-shire  ....  London, 
Printed  by  Tho,  Maxey  for  John  Eothvvell.  1654 

8vo.  One  of  the  addresses  to  "  Christian  Reader  "  prefixed  to 
this  vol.  is  signed  "  Simon  Ford,  Minister  of  Reading  in 
the  County  of  Berks."  The  signatures  on  the  two 
leaves  on  which  this  is  printed  are  *  and  *  2  For  a 
notice  of  Boheme  see  Calamy's  Continuation^  594. 
[B.M.] 

Gurnairs  Christians  Labour  and  Reward,  1672,  has  verses 
annexed  by  S.  F. 

Wood,  in  his  list  of  Ford's  books  has : — '^Panegyric  an  King 
Charles  /." — and  adds,  "This  I  have  not  yet  seen,  only  men- 
tioned by  Edw.  Leigh,  esq ;  in  his  Clioice  Observations  of  the 
Kings  of  England,  p.  216.  218."  An  examination  of  Leigh's 
work  explains  Wood's  mistake.  The  marginal  reference  to 
"Mr.  Ford^s  Panegyrick"  there  given  is,  "See  M.  S.  Ford's 
Loyall  Subjects  Indignation  for  his  Royall  Soveraigns 
Decollation." 

VOL.  XXV.  2   P 


586         a  few  sheaves  of  devon  bibuography. 

Long  (Thomas),  B.D. 

He  was  born  at  Exeter  c.  1621,  the  son  of  Richard  Long 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Lawrence.  In  Lent  term  1638  he 
became  a  servitor  in  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  aged  17.  He 
was  admitted  B.A.  29  Nov.  1642,  "at  which  time,"  says 
Anthony  Wood,  "  the  city  of  Oxon  being  garrison'd  for  the 
use  of  his  majesty  King  Charles  I.  he  left  the  University, 
retired  to  his  own  country,  and  became  Vicar  [Rector]  of  St. 
Lawrence  Clist,  near  Exeter."  Although  his  name  never 
appears  in  the  parish  register  there,  I  have  found  evidence 
of  the  correctness  of  Wood's  statement.  There  being  a  dis- 
pute as  to  the  patronage  of  Roseash,  in  1675,  the  Bishop 
appointed  a  Commission  of  twelve  to  hear  the  case,  one  of 
whom  is  thus  described,  "  Thomas  Long,  clericus,  Rector  de 
Clist  Sancti  Lawrentii."  As  the  result  of  a  royal  letter  to 
the  university  of  Oxford,  Long  was  created  B.D.  20  Sept. 
1660 ;  and  was  admitted  to  a  prebend  in  Exeter  Cathedral, 
18  Jan.  1660-1,  vice  Geo.  Hall.  The  Cathedral  Register 
contains  this  entry,  "  Mr.  Thomas  Long  &  Mrs.  Bridgett 
Sparrow,  daughter  to  the  R*  Reverend  Anthony  Sparrow  Lo^ 
Bishopp  of  Exettr  [sic]  were  married  on  the  15th  of  August, 
[16]  76."  This  must  have  been  a  second  marriage,  as  he  had 
children  baptized  and  buried  at  St.  Lawrence  before  1676. 
Moreover,  Bishop  Tanner  tells  us  that  Long  "  was  offered  the 
bishopric  of  Bristol  in  1684,  by  Archbishop  Sancroft,  but 
refused  it  on  account  of  his  age  and  great  family."  He  was 
chosen  Proctor  for  the  Clergy  of  his  diocese  in  Convocation 
in  1689,  in  1094,  and  on  two  other  occasions.  Writing 
from  "Exou,  Jan.  1.  1696,"  he  says,  "I  am  now  entred  into 
the  seventy  sixth  year."  Peter  Fisher  was  admitted  a 
prebendary  of  Exon,  3  Oct.  1701,  vice  Tliomas  Long;  so 
Long  must  have  resigned.  His  last  publication  was  issued 
at  Exeter  in  1704.  A  most  singular  blunder  has  been  made 
in  some  of  our  Biographical  Dictionaries  concerning  this 
prebendary ;  even  in  Thompson  Cooper's  he  is  described  as  a 
Nonjuror,  and  as  such  is  said  to  have  been  deprived  of  his 
prebend  in  1689.  Such  senseless  errors  are  hard  to  die. 
Thomas  Long  published  at  least  eight  books  against  the 
Nonjurors ! 

A  son,  always  described  as  Thomas  Long,  junior,  was 
a  prebendary  of  Exeter,  scrupled  the  Oaths,  and  lost  his 
prebend  in  consequence.  The  three  following  entries  from 
the  register  of  St.  Lawrence  record  the  burials,  first,  of  this 
Thomas  Long,  junior,  then  of  our  prebendary ;  and  lastly  of 


▲  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  587 

his  widow :  entries  kindly  supplied  to  me  by  my  good  friend 
Mr.  Winslow  Jones. 

**  1707  July  the  28  was  buried  Mr.  Thomas  Long,  junior. 
„     Dec.         11^         „       The  Eev**  M'  Thomas  Long. 
1712  Octob'       9*^  „       Madam  Long  widow  of  y« 

Eevd  M'  Tho"  Long." 

Of,  Hard^s  Le  Neve,  L  424,  426 ;  Wood's  Athence  OxonUnsis,  iv.  485 ; 
Fasti,  \j.  231 ;  Oliver's  Bishops  of  Exeter^  155.  [Here  note  that  Dr.  Oliver 
seems  to  have  mistaken  the  death  of  Thomas  Long  for  that  of  his  widow.] 
Chamberlyne's  Present  State  of  Great  Britain,  1694,  144  ;  Long's  Fox  Cleri, 
61 ;  Eennett's  Begister,  363,  621,  783,  744  ;  The  Exeter  Cathedral  and  St. 
Lawrence  Beffisters, 

1.  An  Exercitation  concerning  the  frequent  use  of  Our 
Lords  Prayer  in  the  Public  Worship  of  God.  And  a  view 
of  what  hath  been  said  by  Dr.  Owen  concerning  that 
Subject.  [Quotations  from  Ignatius  and  Chemnitius,  8 
lines.]     By  Thomas  Long,  Preacher  of  the  Gospel. 

LONDON,  Printed  by  J,  G.  for  B,  Marriott,  and  are  to  be 
sold  at  his  shop  in  St.  Dunstans  Church-yard,  Fleet-street, 
1658. 

Small  Svo.  Title  and  Dedication  to  the  "Blessed  Saviour," 
3  leaves;  Dedication  "To  the  WorshipfuU  John 
Maynard  Esi^uire,  Serjeant  at  Law,"  signed,  Tho. 
Long.  1  leaf;  Preface,  11  leaves;  An  Exercitatipn, 
pp.  166.  Errata,  on  a  smaller  sized  page,  pasted  in  the 
vol.  at  the  end,  1  le^f.    [J.I.D.] 

"I  come  now  to  pay  my  debts,  or  rather  (because 
they  are  greater  than  I  can  satistio)  to  make  my 
acknowledgement,  presenting  this  Pepper-corn  to  your 
hand.  .  .  .  And  thus  having  done  my  devoir,  and  told 
the  world  that  no  man  on  Earth  hath  better  Title  to  my 
Labours  then  yourself  .  .  .  . "  (Ep.  Ded.  to  Serj  : 
Maynard.) 

2.  Calvinus  Redivivus;  or,  Conformity  to  the  Church  of 
England,  in  Doctrine,  Government,  and  Worship,  perswaded 
by  Mr.  Calvin.     [Quotations,  8  lines.] 

LONDON,  Printed  by  J,  M.  for  John  Martyn,  at  the  Bell 
in  St.  FauFs  Church-yard.  1673. 

Svo.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  "To  the  Communalty  of  the 
City  of  Exeter,  my  beloved.  Friends  and  Fellow 
Citizens,"  signed  Tho.  Long,  aud  dated,  "  Exon. 
December  1672,"  5  leaves ;  pp.  96.     [Bod.] 

"It  is  a  most  memorable  Story  which  1  have  often 
heard,  and  found  lately  in  a  Latine  Author  of  good 
note,  concerning  our  late  Soveraign  of  blessed  memory. 

2  p  2 


588  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHT. 

How  that  King  James  being  like  to  dye,  Bishop  Anirtxn 
procured  the  Archbishop  of  Tark^  Bishop  Laud^  and 
others,  to  consult  for  the  safety  of  Religion,  which  was 
equally  indangered  by  the  Papists  and  Schismaticks, 
there  being  a  rumour  spread,  that  the  Prince  having 
been  lately  in  Spain  was  too  much  inclined  to  the 
Religion  of  that  Countiy  ;  but  others  supposed  him  too 
favourable  to  the  Sectaries:  For  their  better  informa- 
tion, concerning  the  judgment  and  affections  of  their 
Prince,  they  send  for  Dr.  Wren,  who  had  waited  on 
him  in  his  Voyage  to  Spairij  whom  they  acquainted 
with  the  reason  of  their  meeting,  and  desired  an 
account  how  the  Prince  stood  affected  to  the  established 
Religion.  Of  whom  he  gave  this  character  that  he 
intimately  Knew  the  Princes  judgment,  and  was  well 
assured  that  although  he  hated  the  Popish  errours  before 
his  Voyage,  he  abhorred  them  more  since ;  and  that  he 
was  a  great  enemy  to  the  superstitious  vanities  of  the 
Sectaries,  adding,  that  he  was  of  a  pure  faith  and 
invincible  virtues,  and  of  a  couragious  mind,  resolved 
against  all  opposition.  Which  relation  Bishop  Andrews 
seriously  considering  and  reflecting  on  the  impetuous 
and  restless  spirits  of  the  Sectaries,  after  a  short  pause 
and  with  a  sad  voice  thus  bespake  them ;  O  mod 
unJiappy  Prince/  Yea  of  all  men  most  dejiorahlel  I 
tremble  to  relate  the  dreadful  evils  that  shall  befall  thvi 
good  Prince^  for  the  Sectaries  shall  deprive  him  of  his 
Scepter  and  Throne,  yea  and  of  his  life  also.  And 
turning  to  Bishop  Land  (he  said)  They  shall  not  deal 
more  gently  with  you:  And  as  for  you  Dr,  Wren  you 
shall  not  go  Scott-free,  you  shall  lose  your  liberty  if  not 
your  life.  All  which  things  were  punctually  fulfilled; 
and  God  grant  that  those  evils  which  the  minds  of 
many  good  men  do  presage,  upon  a  view  of  that  spirit 
of  perversness  which  still  acts  us,  on  the  like 
principles,  do  not  involve  us  in  the  like  confusions." 
{The  Epistle.) 

3.  Apostolical  Communion  in  the  Church  of  England 
Asserted  and  Applied.  For  the  Cure  of  Divisions.  In  a 
sermon  Preached  in  the  Cathedral-Church  of  St  Peter, 
Exon :  And  since  Enlarged.  By  The.  Long,  B.D.  and  one  of 
the  Prebendaries.     [Quotations,  12  lines.] 

LONDON,  Printed  in  the  year,  1673. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  The  Right  Worship- 
ful Henry  Gandy  Esq :  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Exeter ; 
and  the  Aldermen  of  the  Same,  3  leaves;  Sermon  on 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BII3U0QRA1>HT.  589 

1  John.  L  3.  pp.  69.     Or  A  in  four,  B-E  in  eights,  F  in 
four.  [Bod. ;  Dean  &  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

"...  And  the  desires  of  divers  of  this  City,  which 
was  the  place  of  my  Nativity,  and  in  whose  welfare  that 
of  myself  and  a  numerous  family  are  wrapt  up,  did 
easily  prevail  with  me,  to  give  this  testimony  of  my  real 
affection,  as  well  to  your  persons,  as  to  your  Government" 
{Ep.  Ded,) 

4  The  History  of  the  Donatists.  By  Thomas  Long,  B.D. 
and  Prebendary  of  St.  Peter's  Exon.  .  .  . 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Walter  Kdtilby  at  the  Bishop's  Head 
in  St.  PauPs  Church- Yard,  1677. 

8vo.  Eight  leaves;  pp.  159.  The  Dedication  To  the 
Reverend  George  Gary,  D.D.  and  Dean  of  Exeter,  is 
dated  Febr.  1.  167f .     [Bod.] 

5.  The  Picture  and  Character  of  a  Separatist:  shewing 
that  Sensuality  is  the  Ground  of  Separation.  [Quotations 
from  Cameron  and  Baxter,  14  lines.] 

London,  Printed  for  Walter  KettUhy  at  the  Bishop^s  Head 
in  St.  Paul's  Church- Yard,  1677. 

8vo.  Title  with  imprimatur  dated  "Sept  27,  1673,"  at  back, 
1  leaf;  "The  Picture  of  Schismaticks,"  2  leaves ;  "To 
the  Brethren  of  the  Separation,"  5  leaves  and  1  blank ; 
Then  this  title,  "The  Character  of  a  Separatist:  or 
Sensuality  the  Ground  of  Separation.  To  which  is 
Added  the  Pharisees  Lesson  on  Matth.  ix.  xiii.  And 
an  Examination  of  Mr.  Hales  Treatise  of  Schisme.  By 
Thomas  Long,  B.D.  and  Prebendary  of  St.  Peter's  Exon. 
[Quot.  from  Baxter,  8  lines.]  LONDON,  Printed  for 
Walter  Kettilhy  at  the  Bishop's  Head  in  St.  Paui's 
Church-Yard,  1677."  1  leaf;  Ep.  Ded.  to  "Sir  Thomas 
Gary  [Carew]  Kt.  Recorder  of  the  City  of  Exeter ;  and 
Judge  of  the  Sessions  for  the  County  of  Devon,"  dated 
"Exon  April  1677,"  10  leaves.  "The  Picture  and 
Character  of  a  Separatist,"  on  Jude,  v.  19,  pp.  102.  Then 
another  title,  "  Miseri  cordiam  Volo :  or,  the  Pharisees 
Lesson.  Shewing  the  Impiety  and  Unreasonableness,  of 
contending  for  outward  Formes  and  Ceremonies,  to  the 
Violation  of  Obedience,  Charity,  and  the  Publick  Peace. 
[Quot.  from  Davenant,  7  lines.  Imprint  as  before.] 
1  leaf ;  "  The  Preface  concerning  the  Ceremonies  of  the 
Church,"  14  leaves ;  Miseri  cordiam  Volo,  on  Matth, 
ix.  13,  pp.  52.     [J.  L  D.] 


590         ▲  riw  susAvss  or  devon  bibliographt. 

6.  Mr.  Hales's  Treatise  of  Schism  examined  and  censured. 
By  Thomas  Long,  6.D.  and  Prebendary  of  Exeter.  To  which 
are  Added  Mr.  Baxter's  Aigaments  for  Conformity,  wherein 
the  most  Material  Passages  of  the  Treatise  of  Schism  are 
Answered. 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Walter  KMUby  at  the  Bishop's 
Head  in  St  PauVs  Church-Yaid,  1678. 

8vo.  Imprimatur,  dated  Nov.  24,  1677,  1  leaf;  Title,  1  leaf; 
The  Preface,  18  leaves;  then  this  title,  "Mr.  Hales's 
Tract  of  Schism  and  Schismaticks,  (Printed  hy  the 
Original  Copy)  Examined  and  Censured,  [Quot.  from 
Hales,  6  lines]  London  .  .  .  (as  hefore)  .  .  1678, 1  leaf ; 
Epistle  Dedicatory  to  "  Thomas  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter," 
dated  "Exon,  New- Years  Day,  1677,"  7  leaves;  An 
Examination  of  Mr.  Hales's  Treatise,  pp.  1-149 ;  then 
another  Title,  "  Mr.  Baxter's  Arguments  for  Conformity, 
against  Separation :  by  which  the  most  Material  Parts 
of  Mr.  Hales's  Tract  of  Schism  are  Confuted.  [Quot 
from  Baxter,  6  lines],  London,  Printed  for  Walter 
Kettilby,  1678,"  1  leaf;  pp.  153-296.  [J.  L  D.] 

7.  The  Non-Conformists  plea  for  peace  impleaded:  In 
Answer  to  several  late  Writings  of  Mr.  Baxter  and  others, 
pretending  to  shew  Seasons  for  the  sinfulness  of  Con- 
formity .  .  . 

London,  Printed  for  Walter  Kettilby,  at  the  Bishop's  Head 
in  St  Paul's  Church-Yard,  1680. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf;  pp.  134.   [Bod,] 

8.  A  Sermon  against  Murmuring:  preached  in  the 
Cathedral  Church  of  St  Peter  Exon,  on  the  xxix***  of  May, 
1680.  By  Thomas  Long,  B.D.  one  of  the  Prebendaries  of 
that  Church.    [Quot  Exod.  xvi.  8,  2  lines.] 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Huhani  Eoifston,  and  are  to  be  sold 
by  George  May^  Bookseller  in  Exon,  MDCLXXX. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  .  .  .  Thomas 
[Ltimplugh]  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter,  3  leaves;  sermon 
ou  Ecolei.  vij.  10.  pp.  27.  [Dean  it  Chapter,  Lib.  Exon.] 

9.  No  l*rotestant,  but  the  IHssenters  Plot  Discovered  and 
Defeated :  Being  an  Answer  to  the  late  Writings  of  several 
Eminent  Dissenters.  Wherein  their  Desires  against  the 
Established  Church  of  England,  and  the  Unreasonableness 
of  Separation  are  more  fully  manifested.  By  the  Author  of 
the  second  part  of  the  Historv  of  Separation.  [2  Tim.  3.  13. 
2  Tim.  3.  l>.  4  lines.] 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBUOGRAPHY.  591 

LONDON:  Printed  by  J.  C.  and  Freeman  Collins,  for 
Daniel  Brown,  at  the  Black  Swan  and  Bible  without  Temple- 
bar,  1682. 

8vo.  1  leaf  blank;  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To 
The  Right  Honourable  Edw.  Seymour  Esquire,"  signed 
Tho.  Long,  and  Dated  Exon.  Feb.  24.  1681.  6  leaves; 
No  Protestant,  but  the  Dissenters  Plot  pp.  1-1 96.  [J.I.D.] 

10.  The  Unreasonableness  of  Separation :  The  Second  Part. 
Or,  a  further  Impartial  Account  of  the  History,  Nature,  and 
Pleas  of  the  Present  Separation  from  the  Communion  of  the 
Church  of  England.  Begun  by  Edw.  Stillingfleet  D.D.  Dean 
of  St.  Pauls.  Continued  from  1640.  to  1681.  With  special 
Remarks  on  the  Life  and  Actions  of  Mr.  Richard  Baxter. 
Matth.  7.  16.  Ye  shall  know  them  by  their  fruits :  Do  men 
gather  grapes  of  Thorns  ?  or  figs  of  thistles  ? 

LONDON:  Printed  by  J.  G.  and  F,  Collins,  for  Daniel 
Broum,  at  the  Black  Swan  and  Bible  without  Temple-bar. 
1682. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf ;  A  Preface  concerning  the  Power  of  Pre- 
judice, 3  leaves ;  The  Second  Part  of  the  History  of 
Separation,  pp.  1-168.  The  last  page  is  not  numbered, 
and  contains  a  latin  epitaph  on  Richard  Baxter.  [J.I.D.] 
This  book  occasioned  **  Richard  Baxter's  Penitent 
Confession,  and  his  Necessary  Vindication,  in  Answer 
to  a  Book,  called  The  second  Part  of  the  Mischiefs  of 
Separation,  written  by  an  Unnamed  Author.  LONDON, 
Printed  for  Tho.  Fark/iouse  at  the  Bible  and  Three 
Crowns  in  Cheapside  near  Mercers  Chapel,  1691,"  4to. 
pp.  [xii].  87.  [iii.]. 

11.  A  Vindication  of  the  Primitive  Christians,  in  point  of 
Obedience  to  their  Prince,  against  the  Calumnies  of  a  Book 
intituled  The  Life  of  Julian,  written  by  Ecebolius  the  Sophist. 
As  also  the  Doctrine  of  Passive  Obedience  cleared,  in  Defence 
of  Dr-  Hicks.  Together  with  an  Appendix :  Being  a  more 
full  and  distinct  Answer  to  Mr.  Tho.  Hunt's  Preface  and 
Postscript.  Unto  all  which  is  added  The  Life  of  Julian 
enlarged. 

LONDON :  Printed  by  J.  C.  and  Freeman  Collins,  and  are 
to  be  sold  by  Robert  Kettlewell,  at  the  Hand  and  Scepter  over 
against  St.  Dun^tan's  Church.  1683. 

8vo.  Title  and  Epistle  Dedicatory  To  the  most  Reverend 
Father  in  God,  William  [Sancroft],  Lord  Archb^  of 
Canterbury,  signed  Tho.  Long,  10  leaves;  Errata,  &c.  1 
leaf;  To  the  Reader,  3  leaves;  pp.  386     [J.LD.] 


592  A   FEW   SHEAVES   OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

" .  .  .  I  am  one  who  have  served  in  the  Ministry  of 
the  Estahlislied  Religion  ioT  forty  years  together ;  I  have 
kept  my  Station,  and  defended  my  Post  against  all 
Assaults  ;  I  have  seen  those  deploroMe  times,  wherein  it 
was  counted  a  daring  thing  to  assert  the  use  of  the  Lords 
Prayer  in  the  Puhlick  Assemblies,  against  the  Blasphemies 
of  J.  ().  1  have  withstood  the  attempts  of  Mr.  Baxter, 
Humfnes,  Lob,  and  others,  for  the  disturhance  of  our 
publick  Peace.  And  though  by  age  and  other  infirmities 
I  might  claim  the  priviledge  of  a  Miles  Emeritus,  yet 
have  I  engaged  once  more  against  these  two  Incendiaries 

•     «      •      • 

"And  now  1  l>escech  your  Grace  not  to  be  offended 
with  this  dmfident  Address  of  an  obscure  Person,  who 
after  various  tossings,  having  through  the  great  mercy 
of  God  escaped  Shipicreck  in  thai  great  ffui^ricane 
wherein  many  thousands  more  worthy  persons  perished, 
is  still  imbarked  in  that  ancient  Vessel  wherein  he  hopes 
to  end  his  days  in  peace  ;  nothing  doubting  .  .  .  ." 
(Ep.  Ded.  to  Abp.  Bancroft. ) 

12.  King  David's  Danger  and  Deliverance:  Or,  the  Con- 
spiracy of  Absolon  and  Achitophel  defeated.  In  a  Sermon 
preached  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Exon,  on  the  Ninth  of 
September,  1683.  Being  the  day  of  Thanksgiving  appointed 
for  the  Discovery  of  the  Late  Fanatical  Plot  By  Thomas 
Long  B.D.  one  of  the  Prebendaries.     [Quotations,  5  lines.^ 

LONDON :  I*rinted  by  J,  C.  and  Freeman  Collins,  for 
Fin^cham  Gardiner  at  the  White-hoi'se  in  Ludgate-street.  To 
be  sold  by  Walter  Davies  in  Amen-comer.  1683. 

ito.  Title,  1  leaf;  Dedication  to  Christopher  Lord  Duke  of 
Albemarl,  i^c,  1  leaf;  sermon  on  Psal.  64,  v.  9,  pp.  43. 
[Dean  &  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

13.  The  Original  of  War:  or,  the  Causes  of  Rebellion. 
A  Sermon  preached  in  the  Castle  of  Exon,  on  the  15th  of 
January,  1683.  Before  the  Kight  Ileverend  Father  in  God 
Thomas  Lord  Bishop  of  Exon,  and  other  His  Majesties 
Justices  of  Peace  for  the  County  of  Devon.  By  Tho.  Long, 
Prebendary  of  St.  Peters,  Exon.     [Quotations,  5  lines.] 

LONDON:  I^rinted  by  J.  C.  and  F.  Collim,  for  Daniel 
Brown  at  the  blade  Swan  and  Bible  without  Temple-bar ;  and 
are  to  be  sold  by  Walter  Davies  in  Amen-corncr,  1684. 

4to.  Resolution  of  the  Court,  15  Jan.  1683,  thanking 
"  the  much  honoured  Lord  Bisliop  of  Exon,  for  his 
great  Trouble  and  Charge  in  Repairing  and  Beautifying 


A  FEW   SUEA.VES  OF  DEVON   BUJUOGltAPilY.  593 

the  Chapi)el  in  the  Castle  of  Exon,"  aiid  also  to  Mr. 
Long  "for  his  Sennon  this  day  Preached  in  the  said 
Chappel,"  1  leaf;  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to 
the  Bishop,  and  other  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the 
County  of  Devon,  dated  "Exon,  Jan.  21.  1683, 
3  leaves ;  Text,  James  4.  1.  pp.  34.  [Bod. ;  Dean  & 
Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

14.  Moses  and  the  Royal  Martyr  (King  Charles  the  First) 
ParalleVd.  In  a  Sermon  preached  on  the  80th  of  January, 
168J.  In  the  Cathedral-Church  of  St.  Peters,  Exon.  By 
Tho.  Long,  one  of  the  Prebendaries.  [Quot.  Matt.  vi.  29, 
2  lines.] 

LONDON:  Printed  by  J,  C.  and  F.  ColHns,  for  Daniel 
Broum  at  the  black-Stvan  and  Bible  without  Temple-bar  ;  and 
are  to  be  sold  by  Walter  Davies  in  Amen-corner,     1684. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  . . .  Henry  [Compton] 
Lord  Bishop  of  London,  dated  "Exon,  Feb.  12.  1683," 
1  loaf ;  Sermon  on  Deut.  34.  5.  pp.  28.  [Dean  &  Chapter 
Lib.  Exon.] 

"  Nor  is  it  your  Lordships  publick  Merit  and  Reputa- 
tion onely,  but  a  particular  and  signal  Favour  to  my  self^ 
which  (though  forgotten  by  your  self,  shall  be  ever 
thankfully  commemorated  by  me)  hatli  obliged  me  to  this 
confident  Address,  For  in  truth,  I  have  been  wieasie 
and  displeased  with  my  self,  that  I  found  no  sooner 
opportunity^  nor  as  yet  a  better  demonstration^  of  my 
Gratitude,  and  to  let  the  World  know  what  Freedom  of 
Access^  what  candor  of  Countenance,  and  endearing 
Affability,  Counsel,  and  Assistance,  the  meanest  Clergy- 
man may  hope  for  from  so  noble  and  munificent  a 
Spirit "     (Ep.  Ded.) 

15.  A  Compendious  History  of  all  the  Popish  and  Fanatical 
Plots  and  Conspiracies  against  the  Established  Government 
in  Church  and  State,  in  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland: 
From  the  first  year  of  Qu.  Eliz.  Eeign,  to  this  present  year 
1684.  With  Seasonable  Remarks.  By  Tho.  Long,  one  of  the 
Prebendaries  of  Exon.     [Quotations,  9  lines.] 

London:  Printed  for  1).  Brown,  at  the  Black  Swan  and 
Bible  without  Temple-bar,  and  T,  Goodwin  at  the  Maidenhead 
against  St.  Dunstans  Church.     1684. 

Small  8vo.  Title  and  Epistle  Dedicatory  To  the  most  Reverend 
Father  in  God,  William  [Sancroft]  L*^  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  signed  Tho.  Long,  and  dated  Exon,  May  1 6. 
1684.     8  leaves ;  pp.  239.     [J.  I.  D.] 


594  A   F£W  SU£AV£S  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

"  I  fear  I  have  txunsgressed  the  bounds  of  Modesty^  as 
well  as  of  an  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  a  Person  on  whom 
the  management  of  so  many  great  and  publick  affcurs  is 
incumbent.  But  I  held  it  my  bounden  duty  to  make  a 
publick  acknowledgment  of  your  Graces  unparalleFd 
favour  to  a  person  of  such  an  inferior  Rank,  of  so  meofi 
capacities,  and  at  such  a  remote  distance  from  your 
Grace.  .  .  ."     (Ep.  Ded.  to  Abp.  Bancroft) 

16.  The  History  of  Joshua  applied  to  the  Case  of  King 
Charles  II.  In  a  Thanksgivini^  Sermon  preached  at  St. 
Peters,  Exoa  On  the  29th  of  May  1684  By  Tho.  Long, 
one  of  the  Prebendaries. 

LONDON :  Printed  by  J,  C.  and  R  C.  for  Daniel  Brown, 
at  the  Black  Swan  and  Bible  without  Temple  bar. 
MDCLXXXIV. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  ...  Sir  Copple- 
stone  Bampfield  Kt.  and  Bar.  dated  "Exon.  May  30, 
1684,"  1  leaf;  Sermon  on  Joshua  3.  7.  pp.  24.  "Books 
lately  published  by  the  same  Author,**  1  leaf.  [Dean  & 
Chapter  Lib.,  Exon.] 

"  Honoured  Sir,  This  small  Present  comes  as  a  grateful 
Acknowledgement  of  the  many  Favours  received  from 
your  Worthy  Family.  Your  Grandfather  was  my  first 
Patron,  and  a  great  Encourager  of  my  Ministry.  Your 
Father  did  me  very  considerable  Kindnesses  in  the  late 
distracted  times.  Your  Self  have  been  my  Generous 
Landlord  in  the  House  where  I  had  my  Education  from 
my  Childhood :  and  on  all  occasions  you  have  expressed 
your  real  Affection  (as  to  the  Loyal  Clergie  in  general, 
&c.)  particularly  to  my  self,  the  meanest  of  them  ..." 
i^Ep.  Ded.) 

17.  The  unreasonableness  of  rebellion  in  a  sermon 
Preached  at  St.  Peters,  Exon.  On  the  26th  of  July  1685. 
Being  the  day  appointed  for  Thanksgiving  for  His 
Majestie*s  Victory  over  the  rebels.  By  Tho.  Long,  one  of 
the  Prebendaries  .  .  . 

London :  Printed  by  J.  C.  and  Freeman  Collins,  and  are  to 
be  Sold  by  Randal  Taylm^  near  Stationers-Hall,  1685. 

4to.  Title  and  imprimatur  dated  Aug.  4,  1685,  two  leaves, 
pp.  28.     Text,  Ps.  ii.  1.     [Bod.] 

18.  A  Resolution  of  Certain  Queries  concerning  Submission 
to  the  Present  Government.     The  Queries, 

I,  Concerning  the  Original  of  Government 


A  FEW  SU£AY£S  OF  DEVON   BlBUuGUAPUY.  595 

II.  What    is    the   Constitution   of    the    Government  of 

England  ? 

III.  What  Obligation  lies  on  the  King  by  the  Coronation- 

Oath? 

IV.  What  Obligation  lies  on  the  Subject  by  the  Oaths  of 

Supremacy,  &c. 

V.  Whether  if  the  King  Violate  his  Oath,  and  actually 

Destroys  the  Ends  of  it,  the  Subjects  are  freed  from 
their  Obligation  to  him  ? 

VI.  Whether  the  King  hath  Renounced  or  Deserted  the 

Government  ? 

VII.  Whether  on  such  Desertion  the  People,  to  Preserve 
themselves  from  confusion,  may  admit  Another,  and 
what  Method  is  to  be  used  in  such  Admission  ? 

VIII.  Whether  the  Settlement  now  made,  is  a  Lawful 
Establishment,  and  such  as  with  a  good  Conscience 
may  be  Submitted  to  ? 

By  a  Divine  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  by  Law  Establisht 
Licensed,  April  8th,  1689.     J.  Eraser, 

London :  Printed,  and  are  to  be  Sold  by  R.  Baldwin  in  the 
Old  Bailey,  1689. 

4 to.  Title  and  Introduction,  4  leaves ;  pp.  63.     [J.  I.  D.] 
Anon,  but  included  in  "  A  Catalogue  of  Books  written 
by  the  Reverend  Mr.  Long,"  at  the  end  of  his  book 
against  Dr.  Walker.    4to.    1693. 

19.  A  full  Answer  to  all  the  Popular  Objections  that  have 
yet  Appear  d,  for  not  Taking  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  their 
present  Majesties,  Particularly  offered  to  the  Consideration  of 
all  such  of  the  Divines  of  the  Church  of  England  (And 
Others)  as  are  yet  unsatisfied :  shewing.  Both  from  Scripture 
and  the  Laws  of  the  Land,  the  Beasonableness  thereof,  and 
the  Ruining  Consequences,  both  to  the  Nation  and  Them- 
selves, if  not  Complied  with.  By  a  Divine  of  the  Church 
of  England ;  and  Author  of  a  late  Treatise  entituled,  A 
Resolution  of  certain  Queries,  concerning  Submission  to  the 
Present  Government.  Licensed,  and  Entred  according  to 
Order. 

London :  Printed,  and  are  to  be  sold  by  B.  Baldwin  in  the 
Old'BaUey.  1689. 

4to.  Half  title  and  Title,  2  leaves ;  pp.  83.     Anon,     [Bod. ; 
Dean  &  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.J 


596  A  F£W   SUKAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBUOGKAPHY. 

20.  Beflectioiis  upon  a  Late  Book,  entituled,  The  Case  of 
Allegiance  Gonsider'd :  Wherein  is  shewn,  that  the  Church  of 
England*s  Doctrine  of  Non-Resistance  and  Passive-Obedience, 
is  not  inconsistent  with  Taking  the  New  Oaths  to  their 
Present  Majesties.  Licensed  and  Entered  according  to 
Oi-der. 

LONDON :  Printed  for  Richard  Baldwin,  near  the  BUuk 
Bull  in  the  Old  Bailey.  1689. 

4to.  Half  Title  and  Title,  2  leaves;  pp.  16.  Anon,  [Dean 
&  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

21.  The  Historian  Unmask'd:  or,  some  Reflections  On 
the  late  History  of  Passive- Obedience.  Wherein  the 
Doctrine  of  Passive-Obedience  and  Non-Resistance  is  truly 
Stated  and  Asserted.  By  one  of  those  Divines,  whom  the 
Historian  hath  Reflected  upon  in  that  Book.  And  late 
Author  of  the  Resolution  of  several  Queries,  concerning 
Submission  to  the  present  Government.  As  also  of  an 
Answer  to  all  the  Popular  Objections,  against  the  taking  the 
Oath  of  Allegiance  to  their  present  Majesties.  Licensed 
and  Entred  according  to  Order. 

LONDON:  Printed,  and  are  to  be  Sold  by  Richard 
Baldwin,  in  the  Old  Bailey.  1689. 

4to.  Half  Title  and  Title,  2  leaves ;  pp.  66 ;  Advertise- 
ments, 1  leaf.  A?i07i.  [Bod. ;  Dean  &  Chapter  Lib. 
Exon.  J 

"They  who  liave  known  Mr.  Long  ever  since  the 
War  began  against  Charles  the  First,  know  that  he 
hath  inviolably  practised  those  Doctrines  himself,  to 
which  in  those  Writings,  he  perswaded  others,  and 
shrunk  not  from  them  after  the  Prince  of  Orange  came 
t-o  Exeter^  as  the  present  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and 
several  Members  of  the  Church  of  JExon  can  attest; 
and  continued  to  Pray  for  the  late  King,  until  he 
received  Order  for  the  contrary,  though  he  were 
publickly  disturbed  for  so  doing ;  but  when  he 
considered  that  the  late  King  had  deserted  the  Govern- 
ment, and  left  us  in  Confusion,  that  the  States  of  the 
Kingdom  bad  admitted  their  present  Majesties  to  the 
Throno,  even  then,  though  our  Governours  were 
changed,  he  changed  not  his  opinion  of  the  Doctrine  of 
Non-Resistance,  and  Passive-Obedience,  but  thought 
that  it  ought  to  be  transferred  from  the  Person  of  the 
late  King,  to  the  present  King  and  Queen.  ..." 
(p.  63.) 


A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF  DEVON  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  597 

22.  The  Case  of  Persecution  Charg'd  on  the  Church  of 
England,  Considered  and  Discharged,  in  order  to  Her  Justifi- 
cation, and  a  Desired  Union  of  Protestant  Dissenters. 
[Quotations,  6  lines.]  Licensed  and  Entred  according  to 
Order. 

LONDON:  Printed  by  Freeman  CoIHtis;  and  are  to  be  sold 
by  Richard  Baldwin,  in  the  Old-Bailey.     MDCLXXXIX. 

4to.  Half  Title  and  Title,  2  leaves ;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to 
•  .  .  Jonathan,  Lord  Bishop  of  Exon,  signed  Tho.  Long, 
and  dated  "Exon,  April  27,  1689,  being  the  day  of  your 
Lordship^s  Instalation."  3  leaves ;  **  The  occasion  of 
Publishing  this  Treatise,"  2  leaves ;  The  Preface, 
7  leaves ;  pp.  1  to  24  and  43  to  74.  [Bod. ;  Dean  & 
Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

23.  The  Healing  Attempt  Examined  and  Submitted  to  the 
Parliament  and  Convocation,  whether  it  be  Healing  or  Hurtful 
to  the  Peace  of  the  Church.  [Quotation,  3  lines.]  Licensed 
and  Entred  according  to  Order. 

LONDON:  Printed  by'  Freeman  Collins,  and  are  to  be  sold 
by  Richard  Baldwin  in  the  Old-Bailey.     MDCLXXXIX. 

4to.  pp.  36.  •  Anon.     [Bod. ;  Dean  &  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

24  The  Letter  for  Toleration  Deciphered  and  the  Absurdity 
and  Impiety  of  an  Absolute  Toleration  Demonstrated,  by  the 
Judgment  of  Presbyterians,  Independents,  and  by  Mr.  Calvin, 
Mr.  Baxter,  and  the  Parliament,  1662.  Licensed  and  Entered 
according  to  Order. 

LONDON :  Printed  by  Freeman  Collins,  and  are  to  be  Sold 
by  R.  Baldwin  in  the  Old-Baily,     MDCLXXXIX. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  .  .  .  Sir  John  Holt, 
Kt.  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  signed  Tho.  Long, 
1  leaf;  pp.  30;  "Books  Written  by  the  Reverend  Mr. 
Long,  1  leaf.     [Bod. ;  Dean  &  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 

25a.  Vox  Cleri :  or,  the  Sense  of  the  Clergy,  concerning 
the  Making  of  Alterations  in  the  Established  Liturgy :  with 
Bemarks  on  the  Discourse  concerning  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commission,  and  several  Letters  for  Alterations.  To  which 
is  Added,  an  Historical  Account  of  the  whole  Proceedings  of 
the  present  Convocation.  [Quotations,  4  lines.]  Licensed, 
and  entered  according  to  order. 

London :  Printed,  and  are  to  be  sold  by  jR.  Taylor,  near 
Stationers-hall,  1690.     (Anon.) 

4to  Title  and  The  Author's  Protestation,  4  leaves  ;  Vox  Cleri 
&c.  pp.  72.  [Dr.  W.'s  Lib ;  Dean  &  Chapter  Lib.  Exon.] 


598  A  FEW  SHEAVES  OF   DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

This  publication  called  forth,  "An  Answer  to  Vox 
Gleri,  &c.  Examining  the  Reasons  against  making  any 
Alterations  and  Abatements,  in  order  to  a  Comprehension, 
and  shewing  the  Expediency  thereof.  London,  Printed 
for  Bralnizon  Aylmer^  at  the  Three  Pigeons  against  the 
Royal  Exdiange  in  ConihiU,  1690."  4to.  pp.  36.  [J.LD.] 
Attributed  to  Dr.  William  Payne.  See  Latnbury's 
Hud.  Cunvucation,  p.  281. 

256.  Vox  Clerl  ...  The  Second  Edition.  .  .  .  J690. 

4to.  The  only  difference  between  the  two  editions  is  that  one 
line  in  the  title  of  the  1st  "  Licensed  and  entred  accord- 
ing to  Order,"  is  removed  from  the  2nd  and  "The  Second 
Edition  "  substituted.     [J.I.D.] 

26.  An  Answer  to  a  Sociniau  Treatise,  call'd  The  Naked 
Gospel,  which  was  Decreed  by  the  University  of  Oxford,  in 
Convocation,  August  19,  J^no  Dom.  1690.  to  be  Publickly 
Burnt,  as  containing  divers  Heretical  Propositions.  With  a 
Postscript,  in  Answer  to  what  is  added  by  Dr.  Bury,  in  the 
Edition  just  Published.  By  Thomas  Long,  B.D.  one  of  the 
Prebendaries  of  St.  Peter*8  Exon.    [Quotations.  3  lines.] 

London:  Printed  by  Freeman  Collins,  and  are  to  be  sold 
by  Randal  Taylor,  near  Stationers- ffall,  1691. 

4to  Imprimatur,  dated  March  30.  1691,  1  leaf;  Title,  1  leaf; 
Dedication  *' To  the  Right  Reverend  Father  in  God 
Jonathan  .  .  .  Lord  Bishop  of  Exon,  2  leaves  ;  The 
Preface,  2  leaves;  An  Answer,  ttc,  pp.  168.    [J.I.D.] 

27.  Dr.  Walker's  True,  Modest,  and  Faithful  account  of 
'EIKfiN  ])A:iIAlKH,  Strictly  Examined  and  Demonstrated 
to  be  False,  Impudent,  and  Deceitful.  In  Two  Parts,  The 
first  disproving  it  to  be  Dr.  Gauden's.  The  second  proving 
it  to  be  King  Charles  the  First'a  By  Thomas  Long,  B.D. 
and  Prebendary  of  St.  Peter's  Exon.  [Quotations,  8  lines.] 
Imprimatur,  Sept.  22,  1692.  Gull.  Lancaster,  R.P.D.  Henrico 
Episc.  Lon.  i  Sacris  Domesticis. 

London:  Printed  and  are  to  be  sold  by  R.  Talor,  near 
$i4itionerS'Hall.   1693. 

4to.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  "Jonathan  Lord 
Bishop  of  Exon,  The  Reverend  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Kxon,  and  my  Brethren  of  the  Clergy,"  pp.  ij.  The  Preface, 
pp.  iv;  pp.  57.  At  the  end  A  Catalogue  of  Books  written 
by  the  Reverend  Mr.  Long,  1  page.     [J.I.D. 

"Having  been  chosen  Viy  your  Suffrage  a  fourth  time 
to   serve   as   one   of   your   Clerks  in  the   Convocation 
. "     (Ej).  Ded.) 


\  • 


A  FEW  SHEAVES   OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY.  599 

28.  Mr.  Eichard  Baxter's  last  l^acy  in  select  admonitions 
and  directions  to  all  Sober  Dissenters.  To  whom — Being 
dead,  he  yet  speaketh. 

London  :  Printed  and  are  to  be  sold  by  E,  Whitlock,  near 
Stationer' a-Hall  16  y?. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf;  Preface,  3  leaves;  pp.  1-67.  Printed  in 
fours.  Anon.  For  the  proof  that  it  was  prepared  by 
Tho.  Long,  see  Postscript  at  the  end  of  Long's  Review  of 
the  Life  of  R.  Baxter,  1697,  p.  274.  [Bod.] 

29.  A  Review  of  Mr.  Eichard  Baxter's  Life.  Wherein 
Many  Mistakes  are  Rectified,  some  False  Eelations  Detected, 
some  Omissions  supplyed  out  of  his  other  Books.  With 
Remarks  on  several  Material  Passages.  By  Thomas  Long, 
B.D.  one  of  the  Prebendaries  of  St.  Peter's,  Exon.  [Quotation 
from  Baxter,  4  lines.] 

LONDON:  Printed  by  F.  G,  and  are  to  be  sold  by 
E,  Whitlock,  near  Stationers-Hall.  1697. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf;  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  the  Right 
Reverend  Father  in  God,  Jonathan  Lord  Bishop  of 
Exeter,"  signed,  Tho.  Long,  and  dated  Exon,  Jan.  1. 
1696,  9  leaves;  The  Introduction,  6  loaves;  A  Preface 
concerning  the  Power  of  Prejudice,  3  leaves ;  A  Review 
of  Mr.  Baxter's  Life,  pp   1-274.   [J.ID.] 

"  I  am  now  entred  into  the  seventy-sixth  year."  Ep, 
Bed,  At  the  foot  of  p.  274  is  a  "  Postscript.  Whereas 
near  half  of  Mr.  Baxter's  Life  is  filled  up  with  rej)eatod 
Cavils  and  frivolous  objections  against  our  Episcopacy 
and  Conformity  to  the  Liturgy  and  Discipline  of  the 
Church,  which  have  been  fully  answered  by  many 
Worthies  of  our  Church,  to  the  satisfaction  of  unpre- 
judiced Readers ;  yet  because  nothing  will  satisfie  his 
Admirers  but  what  is  Mr.  Baxter's  own  senco,  I  have 
collected  such  Answers  as  Mr.  Baxter  himself  hath  given 
to  his  own  Objections,  and  printed  them  in  a  little 
Treatise  called  Mr.  Baxter's  last  Legacy  to  all  sober 
Dissenters,  which  I  doubt  not  may  give  them  satisfaction 
if  they  deserve  that  Title." 

30.  A  Rebuke  to  Mr.  Edmund  Calamy,  Author  of  the 
Abridgment  of  Mr.  Baxters  Life :  By  Tho.  Long,  B.D. 

EXON:  Printed  by  Som.  Farley,  1704. 

8vo.  Title,  1  leaf ;  Introduction,  pp.  3  6  ;  Rebuke,  pp.  7-68. 
At  the  back  of  the  title  is  pasted  a  slip  of  ** Corrigenda," 
^^  Printed  for  Charles  Yco,  Bookseller  in  Exon.    [Bod.] 


600  A  FEW   SHEAVES  OF  DEVON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Copy  of  the  Autograph  Will  of  the  Eev.  Thomas  Long, 
communicated  by  Mr.  Winslow  Jones. 

District  Probate  Registry  of  Exeter. 
Principal  Registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter. 

"In  the  name  of  God  Amen.  I  Tho :  Long  of  the  City  of 
Exon  Clerk  do  make  and  appoint  my  last  will  and  teatament  this 
fourteenth  day  of  June  1 706  as  f olloweth,  Imp"-  whereas  I  have 
disposed  of  my  sons  Thomas  John  and  Richard  and  of  my 
daughters  Elizabeth  Dorothy  and  Susanna  in  marriage  with 
competent  portions  I  do  give  &  bequeath  to  each  of  them  twenty 
shilings  and  to  Martha  the  daughter  of  my  son  Richard  twenty 
pounds.  And  unto  Thomas  John  &  Susanna  sons  &  daughters  of 
my  daughter  Susanna  ten  pounds  to  each  of  them.  Item  I  give 
to  Joan  Trimlet  the  sum  of  twenty  shillings  to  be  payd  quarterly 
by  equal  portions  during  her  Hfe.  Item  I  give  to  y®  poore  of  St. 
Liawrence  Exon  twenty  shillings  to  [be]  distributed  y*  day  after 
my  funeral,  Item  whereas  Elizabeth  Webber  ray  Aunt  did  bequeath 
to  ten  poore  women  ten  shilings  to  each  and  to  fewer  poore  women 
in  y*  hous  called  Mr.  Webbs  Almshouse  I  do  binde  my  Lands  in 
St.  Sidwels  for  performance  of  the  same.  Item  I  give  devise  and 
bequeath  to  my  son  Joseph  all  my  lands  and  tenements  as  well  in 
y«  County  as  in  the  City  and  County  of  the  s**  City  of  Exon  to  be 
by  him  disposed  of  for  the  payment  of  my  debts  and  for  the 
redeeming  of  such  estate  &  estates  as  are  or  have  been  mortgaged 
by  me  And  lastly  I  doe  make  and  [ap]  point  my  two  Sons  Nicholas 
&  Joseph  to  be  loyal  Executors  of  this  my  last  Will  and  testament 
Signed  sealed  published  &  declared  in  the  presence  of 
"  Signed  Sealed  published  and 
declared  by  the  Testator  to  be 

his    last   will   and    Testament         |f    l.  S.    )]  "  Thomas  Long, 
In  the  Presence  of  us 

Joseph  Bliss 
Sam :  Farley 
James  Han  way." 

8  of  October,  1708,  The  said  Will  was  proved  by  Nicholas 
Long  and  Joseph  Long  the  sons  and  executors  named  in  the 
Will  in  the  Principal  Registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter. 

The  seal  of  Thomas  Long  bears  a  lion  rampant  between  6 
crosses  3,  2,  and  1,  but  the  lowest  cross  has  been  broken  ofiF. 

"  Endorsed 
In  Cane.  21  September  1715 
Int.  Xich.  Long  gen.  Quer. 

k 
Petnim  Fisher  .  .  .  Def. 
This  paper  writing  was  shewn  unto  Samuel  Farley  at  the  time 
of  his  examination  before  us 

Will :  Prouse  Fran.  Oliver 

James  Bond  Nich.  Webber." 


a  few  sheaves  of  devon  bibliography.         601 

Trescot,  Thomas. 

He  was  the  son  of  Robert  Trescot,  pleb.  of  Exeter,  where 
he  was  bom  in  1612 ;  Matriculated  at  Oxford  from  Queens 
College  9  June  1626,  aged  14;  B.A.  of  Exeter  College 
26  January  1629-30 ;  M.A.  23  October  1632 ;  incorporated 
at  Cambridge,  1635.  In  1638  he  was  preferred  to  the  rectory 
of  Inwardleigh,  and  afterwards  to  that  of  Shobrook,  both  in 
Devon ;  from  the  latter  he  was  ejected  in  1662.  He  retired 
to  Exeter,  and  there  died  26th  December,  1684. 

Cf,  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy^  ij.  26,  (where  for  PrescoU  read 
Trescot,) ;  Calamy's  Account,  240,  and  Continuation,  271 ;  Boase's  (Rey.  C. 
W.)  Register  of  Eaxter  College^  Oxford, 

1.  The  Zealous  Magistrate.  Set  forth  in  a  Sermon  preached 
in  Exeter,  before  the  Right  Honourable  Sir  Robert  Foster, 
his  Majesties  Justice  of  Assize  for  the  Western  Circuit  By 
Thomas  Trescot,  Master  of  Arts,  and  Rector  of  the  Church  of 
Inwardleigh  in  Detton.  (sic,  a  misprint  for  Devon.)  [Quota- 
tions. &c.,  9  lines.] 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Daniel  Frere,  and  are  to  be  sold  at 
his  Shop  at  the  Signe  of  the  Red  Bull  in  little  Britaine. 
1642. 

4to.  Title,  Epistle  Dedicatory  "To  the  Worshipfull,  my 
much  honoured  Friends,  Arthur  Upton  of  Lupton  in 
Devon,  Esquire ;  and  Francis  Rous  Esquire,  one  of  the 
Burgesses  in  Parliament  for  the  Towne  of  Truro  in 
Cornwall,"  and  "  To  the  Reader,"  5  leaves ;  sermon  on 
Nehemiah,  xiij.  17,  pp.  28.     [J.  I.  D.] 


The  thanks  of  the  writer  are  due  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Allnutt,  of 
the  Bodleian  Library ;  Mr.  Geo.  C.  Boase,  of  London ;  Mr. 
Winslow  Jones ;  Mr.  John  Taylor,  of  Northampton ;  and  Mr. 
C.  W.  Sutton,  of  the  Free  Library,  Manchester,  for  counsel 
and  help  most  courteously  rendered. 


VOL.  XXV.  2  Q 


AT  LAST. 

BY  JOHN   PH1LUP8. 
(Read  at  Torquay,  Joly,  1803.) 


From  time  to  time,  since  the  meeting  of  this  Association  at 
Dartmouth,  in  the  year  1869, 1  have  brought  before  the  notice 
of  members,  at  the  annual  gatherings,  under  various  guises, 
the  technical  training  of  the  young  people  of  the  working 
order  in  the  minor  arts  and  crafts,  and  it  may  be  consoling 
to  members  to  learn  that  the  necessity  that  has  hitherto 
impelled  me  to  this  course,  no  longer  exists.  A  most 
excellent  scheme  of  work  has  been  formulated  by  the 
Technical  Education  Committee  of  the  Devonshire  County 
Council  that  will,  I  doubt  not,  introduce  art  handicraft  into 
the  majority  of  Devonshire  villages  during  the  coming 
winter,  and  which  will  do  much  to  restore  village  life  to  its 
relative  position  as  regards  town  life,  that  it  held  down  to 
the  commencement  of  the  present  century,  when  undoubtedly 
the  life  of  the  peasant  was  one  of  greater  self-dependence 
and  relative  efficiency  than  it  is  to-day.  This  by  no  means 
implies  putting  the  clock  back,  but  rather  bringing  the 
village  abreast  of  the  times,  modifying  the  conditions  of 
rural  life  in  accordance  with  the  development  of  science 
and  art. 

The  requirements  of  to-day,  are  far  in  advance  of  those, 
even  when  I  first  entered  on  this  crusade,  and  assisted  in  its 
prosecution  in  the  years  18G3-G4  in  the  school  and  parish 
room  of  Tor  in  this  town. 

This  movement  on  the  part  of  the  County  Council  must 
lead  to  quick  results.  It  will  lie  altogether  outside  the 
functions  of  a  public  body  to  apply  the  increased  powers  of 
rural  labour,  and  I  should  like  to  urge  upon  all — and  amongst 
the  members  of  this  Society  there  must  be  many  who  are 
interested  in  the  social  life  and  well-being  of  the  people — to 


AT  LAST.  603 

bear  their  part,  as  it  may  be  given  them  to  see  it»  in 
promoting  the  useful  application  of  the  increased  powers 
that  this  technical  education  bestows. 

I  will  just  add  one  word  in  conclusion.  I  have  constantly 
dwelt  on  this  handicraft  training  that  I  have  been  so  long 
advocating,  and  in  our  own  AUer  Vale  villages  promoting, 
leading  to  supplementary  occupation  in  rural  districts,  thus 
fully  employing  in  his  own  place  the  rural  labourer,  and 
preventing  his  drifting  off  to  the  great  towns.  But  I  also 
desire  to  point  out  the  further  advantage  to  the  British 
colonies  that  result  when  they  receive  emigrants  well  found 
in  the  use  of  their  hands  and  tools,  and,  one  may  well  add, 
in  the  improved  use  of  their  heads  and  general  intelligence, 
that  this  manual  instruction  conveys. 

A  cry,  that  I  think  is  not  a  very  thoughtful  one,  is  some- 
times raised,  that  the  money  voted  by  Parliament  for  this 
technical  instruction  would  be  more  usefully  appUed  in 
reduction  of  the  rates.  Indirectly,  I  contend,  in  its  present 
application,  it  will  have  that  effect,  in  so  far  as  it  increases 
in  country  parishes  the  number  of  well-to-do  ratepayers, 
besides  the  various  other  ways  in  which  an  increased  popu- 
lation must  increase  the  local  prosperity  and  value  of 
property. 

It  is  the  greatest  possible  encouragement  to  find  that  this 
matter  is  being  taken  up  in  so  thorough  a  manner  by  our 
County  Council,  and  it  will  be  a  great  delight  to  watch 
throughout  the  whole  county  the  growth  of.  village  schools 
of  arts  and  crafts. 


2  Q  2 


LIST  OP  MEMBERS. 


*  Indicates  Life  Members. 

t  Indicates  Houonury  Members. 

}  Indicates  Oorresponding  Members. 

Italics  indicate  Members  whose  addresses  are  incomplete  or  unknown* 

The  Names  of  Members  of  the  Gooncil  are  printed  in  small  capitals. 

Notice  of  Changes  of  Residence  and  of  Decease  of  Members  should  be  sent  to  the 
General  ISecretary,  Rev.  W.  Harpley,  Clayhanger  Rectory,  Tiverton. 


Year  of 
Election. 

1892  Ackland,  W.  R,  m.rcs.,  5,  Rodney  Place,  Clifton. 
1879*AcLAND,  Sir  H.  W.  D.,  K.o.a,  m.a.,  m.d.,  lud.,  F.as.,  F.ao.8.| 
Broad  Street,  Oxford. 

1885  Adams,  C.  G.,  2,  Adelaide  Terrace,  Ilfracombe. 

1881  Adams,  Col.  H.  C,  Lion  House,  Exmouth. 

1886  Aldridqb,  C,  m.d.,  Plympton  House,  Plympton. 

1889  Alpord,  Rev.  D.  P.,  m. a.,  Vicarage,  Tavistock. 

1887  Alger,   W.   H.,  J. p.,  The  Manor  House,   Stoke   Damerel, 

S.  Devon. 
1884  Alsop,  J.,  17,  Devon  Square,  Newton  Abbot. 
1874  ALsop,  R,  Teignmouth  Bank,  Teignmouth. 
1877  Amery,  Jasper,  35,  Bitton  Street,  Teignmouth. 
1869  Amery,  J.  S.,  Druid,  Ashburton. 

1869  Amery,    P.    F.    S.,    Druid,    Ashburton    (Hon.    General 

Treasurer). 

1891  Amory,  Sir  J.  Heathcoat,  Bart.,  Enightshayes,  Tiverton. 

1892  Anderson,  W.,  Wilts  and  Dorset  Bank,  Plymouth. 
1875*Andrew,  T.,  p.g.s.,  Southemhay,  Exeter. 

1877  Andrews,  R,  Traine,  Modbury,  Ivy  bridge. 

1863  Appleton,  Edward,  F.R.I.B.A.,  m.Inst.cb.,  1,  Yaughan  Parade, 
Torquay  (Vice-President). 

1870  Arnold,  G.,  Dolton. 
1868  Ashley,  J.,  Honiton. 

1882  Atkins,  K,  Dun  Esk,  Teignmouth. 

1890  Attwood,  J.  S.,  West  well  Street,  Plymouth. 

• 

1884  Baker,  R.  H.  M.,  Roseneath,  Newton  Abbot 
1892  Balk  will,  F.  H.,  Princess  Square,  Plymouth. 

1878  Baring-Gould,  Rev.  S.,  m.a..  Lew  Trenchard,  Lewdown. 

1879  Barnett,  C.  G.,  Ilfracombe. 

1892  Barratt,  F.,  The  Esplanade,  Plymouth. 

1891  Barrett,  G.  R,  Drakesleigh,  Plymouth. 


606  UST  OF  MEMBERS. 

1884  Barry,  J.,  Lower  St  Paul's  Koad,  Newton  Abbot 

1877  Bartlet,  Rev.  J.  M,  Manor  House,  Ludbrooke,  Modbuiy, 

Ivybridge. 
1883*Bartlett,  0.  Smart,  Paignton. 
1876  Bastard,  B.  J.  P.,  Kitley,  Yealmpton,  South  Devon. 
1866  Bayly,  John,  Seven  Trees,  Plymouth. 
1871*Bayly,  Robert,  j.p.,  Torr  Grove,  PlymoutL 
1884  Bearne,  Lewis,  St  Bernard's,  Newton  Abbot 
1876  Beatty,  W.,  1,  Radnor  Terrace,  Dartington,  Totnes. 
1892  Bellamy,  G.  D.,  Courtenay  Street,  Plymouth. 

1875  Bennett,  C,  Rose  Duryard,  Mount  Radford,  Exeter. 
1882  Berry,  W.  B.,  Union  Road,  Crediton. 

1876  Bickibrd,  J.,  Bank,  Ashburton. 

1890  Bingham,  Rev.  W.  P.  S.,  m.a.,  Kenton. 

1880  Birch,  Rev.  W.  M.,  m.a-,  Vicarage,  Ashburton. 

1892  Bird,  B.  H.,  Wychbury,  Mannamead,  Plymouth. 

1879  Birkmyer,  J.,  13,  Lower  Terrace,  Mount  Radford,  Exeter. 
1889  Birmingham  Free  Library. 

1886  Blackler,  T.  A.,  St  Marychurch. 

1878  Blackmore,    Rev.    R,    m.a.,    Lamorran    Rectory,    Probus, 

Cornwall. 

1893  Blatchford,     Rev.     A.     N.,     Pen    Tavy,     Durham    Park, 

Bristol. 
1892  Bond,  J.  Kinton,  The  Crescent,  Plymouth. 

1873  Bo  wring,  L.  B.,  cs.i.,  Lavrockbeare,  Torquay  (Vice-Presi- 

dent). 

1874  Bowring,  Lady,  7,  Baring  Crescent,  Exeter. 
1890*Bowring,  Thos.  B.,  7,  Palace  Gate,  London,  W. 
1892  Brendon,  W.  T.,  Queen's  Gate,  Plymouth. 
1872  Brent,  F.,  f.s.a.,  Tothill  Avenue,  Plymouth. 

1891  Bristol  Literary  and  Philosophic  Club,  28,  Berkeley  Square, 

Bristo]. 
1882  Brownlow,  The  Right  Rev.  Monsignor,  m.a.,  Cecil  Street, 
Plymouth  (Vice-President). 

1892  Brown,  J.  P.,  j.p.,  Abbey  Stores,  Plymouth. 

1882  Brushfield,   T.    N.,    m.d.,   The    Cliflf,   Budleigh    Salterton 

(President). 
1889  Brushlield,  Archibald,  The  Cliff,  Budleigh  Salterton. 
1 88 l*Bry ant,  Wilberforce,  Stoke  Park,  Bucks. 
1879*Bryce,  J.  P.,  j.p.,  Bystock,  Exmouth. 
1872  Buckingham,  W.,  12,  Soutliernhay,  Exeter. 

1887  Budd,  F.  K,  Batworthy,  Chagford,  Xewton  Abbot. 
1887*Buller,  Admiral  A.,  C.B.,  Erie  Hall,  Plympton. 
1887  Bulteel,  Thomas,  j.p.,  Radford,  Plymouth. 

1871  Burch,  Arthur,  5,  ]>aring  Crescent,  Exeter. 
1873*Burdett-Coutt8,   Right  Hon.    Baroness,    1,   Stratton    Street, 

Piccadilly,  London. 
1887  BuRNARD,  Robert,  Hillsborough,  Plymouth. 


LIST  OF  MEMBEBS.  607 

1887  Bumard,  Mrs.  F.  L.,  Hillsborough,  Plymouth. 

1890  Burns,  Eev.  J.  S.,  Bideford 

1893  Byrnes,  H.  Balfour,  Villa  Mentone,  Torquay. 

1892  Camell,  A.  A.,  Bedford  Villas,  Plymouth. 

1891  Carpenter,  H.,  Bampton  Street,  Tiverton. 
1866*Carpenter-Gamier,  J.,  Rookesbury  Park,  Wickham,  Hants. 

1886  Carter,  James,  Southlands,  Heavitree,  Exeter. 

1893  Chamberlayne,  General,  Las  Flores,  Torquay. 

1892  Chandler,  A.,  South  Hill,  Kingskerswell. 
1866  Chanter,  J.  R,  Fort  Hill,  Barnstaple. 
1890  Chanter,  C.  K  K.,  Broadmead,  Barnstaple. 
1882*Chaplin,  G.  H,  Elmfield,  Crediton. 

1884  Chapman,  H.  M.,  St.  Martin's  Priory,  Canterbury. 

1881  Chapman,  Rev.  Professor,  m.a-,  We^rn  College,  Mannamead, 
Plymouth. 

1888  Clark,  H.,  Carlton  House,  Exmouth. 
1869*Clark,  R.  A.,  The  Larches,  Torquay. 

1871  Clements,  Rev.  H.  G.  J.,  m.a.,  Vicarage,  Sidmouth. 
1881*Cliflford,  Right  Hon.  Lord,  Ugbrooke,  Chudleigh. 
1890  Cunton,  Right  Hon.  Lord,  Heanton,  Beaford. 

1893  Cocks,  J.  W.,  Madeira  Place,  Torquay. 
1868*CoLERiDGE,  Right  Hon.  Lord,  m.a.,  1,  Sussex  Square,  London. 

1866  Collier,  W.  F.,  j.p.,  Woodtown,  Horiubridge. 

1889  Collier,  M.  J.,  Foxhams,  Horrabridge. 
1893  Collier,  Fred.  Mortimer,  Brampton,  Torquay. 
1892  CoLSON,  F.  H.,  m.a.,  Plymouth  College,  Plymouth. 
1892  Compton,  C.  E.,  St.  James  Terrace,  Plymouth. 
1892  Compton,  Mrs.,  St.  James  Terrace,  Plymouth. 
1880  Cornish-Bo  wden,  F.  J.,  Blackball,  Ivy  bridge. 
1881*Comish,  Rev.  J.  F.,  Christ's  Hospital,  London,  RC. 

1867  Cotton,  R  W.,  The  Red  House,  Newton  Abbot. 
1866  Cotton,  W.,  f.8.a..  The  Close,  Exeter. 

1885  Cowie,  Very  Rev.  B.,  Dean  of  Exeter,  Deanery,  Exeter. 

1887  Crews,  F.  H.  E.,  7,  Queen's  Gate,  Plymouth 
1880  Croft,  C.  W.,  3,  Beaumont  Villas,  PlymoutL 
1887*Cubitt,  W.,  j.p.,  Fallapit,  Mounts,  RS.O.,  South  Devon. 

1886  Cumming,  Stephen  A.,  Devonia,  Golden  Manor,  Han  well, 

London,  W. 

1892  Cunningham,  J.  F.,  m.a.,  f.r.8.b..  Marine  Biological  Labora- 

tory, Plymouth. 

1893  Dallaway,  Miss  C,  Belgrave  Terrace,  Torquay. 
1890tDallinger,  Rev.  W.  H.,  ll.d.,  p.r.8.,  p.l.8.,  &c.,  Ingledde, 

Lee,  London,  8.E. 

1888  Davies,  A.  B.,  Parkham,  Bideford. 
1892  Davis,  0.,  Tothill  Avenue,  Plymouth. 

1878  Davson,  F.  A.,  m.d.,  j.p.,  Westboume,  Dartmouth. 
1878  Davy,  A.  J.,  Abbeyfield,  Bampfylde  Road,  Torquay. 


608  LIST  OF  MEMBERS. 

1886  Daw,  W.  Bennett,  Hele  House,  Ashburton. 
1888^Daw8on,  Hon.  Richard,  Holne  Park,  Ashburton. 
1879  Dennis,  J.  C,  lifracombe. 

1892  Derry,  W.,  Houndiscombe  House,  Plymouth. 
1882  Doe,  G.  M.,  Enfield,  Great  Torrington. 

1893  Dominy,  Edgar,  care  of   J.  Carter,  Conington,  Heavitree 

Eoad,  Exeter. 

1878  Dredge,  Rev.  J.  Inolb,  Buckland  Brewer,  Bideford. 
1884  Dry  den,  Mra,  Westhill  Lodge,  Budleigh  Salterton. 

1877  Dumbleton,'Rev.  E.  N.,  m.a.,  St.  James's  Rectory,  Exeter. 
1889  Duncan,  A.  G.,  South  Bank,  Bideford. 
1891  Dunsford,  G.  L.,  Villa  Franca,  17,  Wonford  Road,  Mount 
Radford,  Exeter. 

1879  Dymond,  A.  H.,  4,  Bedford  Circus,  Exeter. 
1871  Dymond,  F.  W.,  3,  Manston  Terrace,  Exeter. 

1889  Dymond,  Mrs.,  St  Leonard's  Road,  Exeter. 

1877  Eady-Borlase,  Mrs.,  Combe  Royal,  Kingsbridge. 

1891  Edmonds,  Rev.  Canon,  B.D.,  The  Close,  Exeter. 

1877  Elliot,  R  L.,  Tresillian,  Kingsbridge. 

1893  Elliott,  J.  C,  3,  Powderham  Terrace,  Teignmouth. 

1892  Ellis,  J.  H.,  Woodland  Terrace,  Plymouth. 

1878  Elworthy,  F.  T.,  Foxdown,  Wellington,  Somerset 
1888  Ermen,  Miss,  Yannon,  Teignmouth. 

1890  Evans,  D.  Ogilvie,  Ashburton. 

1890  Evans,  H.  A.,  United  Service  College,  Westward  Ho ! 
1869*Evans,  Sir  J.,  d.c.l.,  ll.d.,  p.r.8.,  f.s.a.,  p.q.s.,  Nash  Mills, 

Hemel  Hempstead,  Herts, 
1877  Evans,  J.  L.,  Moreton  House,  Tyndall's  Park,  Bristol. 
1880*Evan8,  Parker  N.,  Park  View,  Brockley,  West  Town,  RS.O., 

Somerset. 
1886  Evans,  J.  J.  Ogilvie,  1,  Orchard  Gardens,  Teignmouth. 
1892  Exeter,  The  Right  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of,  d.d..  Palace, 

Exeter. 

1875  Firth,  F.  H.,  Cater  Court,  Ashburton, 

1873  Fisher,  Edward,  Abbotsbury,  Newton  Abbot. 

1876  Fleming,  J.,  Bigadon,  Buckfastleigh. 

1867  Fortescue,  Ri«^ht  Hon.  Earl,  Castle  Hill,  Southmolton. 

1867*/VAs/t^r,  Eev.  J.  P.,  m.a. 

IS7 O^FoicIer,  Eev.  W,  W. 

187G*Fox,  Charles,  28,  Glasshouse-st.,  Regent-st.,  London,  W. 

1892  Fox,  R.  Reynolds,  Westbrook  Terrace,  Plymouth. 

1892  Francis,  H,  c.e.,  1,  Belmont  Villas,  Stoke,  Devon  port. 

1891  Francis,  A.  L.,  m.a.,  Blundell's  School,  Tiverton. 

1880  French,  Rev.  W.,  Middle  School,  Tiverton. 
1874tFroude,  J.  A.,  m.a.,  5,  Onslow  Gardens,  Loudon. 
1876  Fulford,  F.  D.,  j.p.,  Fulford,  Dunsford. 

1880  Furneaux,  J.,  Hill  Crest,  Buckfastleigh. 


LIST   OK  MEMBERS.  609 

1888  Gadd,  H.,  255,  David's  Hill,  Exetor. 

1872  Galton,  J.  C,  M.A.,  p.us.,  New  University  Club,  St  James's 

Street,  London,  S.W. 
1893  Gardiner,  Miss  Lucy,  EUacombe,  Budleigh  Salterton. 

1891  Garland,  Miss,  2,  Stafford  ViUas,  Heavitree,  Exeter. 
1881  Garland,  T.  G.  T.,  Deanery  Square,  The  Close,  Exeter. 
1893  Garrett,  H.  A.,  a.m.i.c.e.,  Fernlea,  Torquay. 

1892  Garstang,  W.,  m.a.,  Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Plymouth. 
1876*Gaye,  Henry  S.,  m.d.,  4,  Courtenay  Terrace,  Newton  Abbot 
1872*Geare,  J.  G.,  Exeter. 

1886*Gibbons,  Miss,  Walliugford,  Budleigh  Salterton. 
1892  Gidley,  Miss,  St.  Michael's  Terrace,  Plymouth. 

1891  Giflfard,   Hardinge  F.,  20,  Holland  Street,  Campden  Hill, 

London,  W. 
1881  Gill,  W.,  Sunnyside,  Ford  Terrace,  Tavistock. 

1892  Gill,  Miss,  St.  Peter  Street,  Tiverton. 
1877*Glyde,  E.  E.,  p.R.Met  Soc,  Rose  Villa,  Tavistock. 

1884  Goddard,    Edwin,    Trevanion,   Wolborough    Hill,    Newton 

Abbot. 
1868*Goldsmid,  Sir  Julian,  Bart,  m.a.,  105,  Piccadilly,  London,  W, 

1893  Granville,  Rev.  R.,  m.a..  Rectory,  Bideford. 

1891  Grason,  C.,  Fore  Street,  Tiverton. 

1892  Greenway,  J.,  2,  Shaftesbury  Villas,  Ford  Park,  Plymouth. 

1893  Gregg,    Rev.    E.    P.,    m.a.,    Sterborough,    Torquay    (Vic»- 

President). 
1878  Gregory,  A,  D.  &  C.  Bank,  Newton  Abbot 
1871  Gregory,  A.  T.,  Gazette  Office,  Tiverton. 
1893  Grogan,  W.,  Kingsley,  Torquay. 
1875  Groser,  A.,  North  Hill  Villa,  Plymouth. 
1874  Gulson,  J.  R,  Gorway,  Teignmouth. 
1873*Guyer,  J.  B.,  r.c.s.,  Wrentham,  Torquay. 

1880  Hacker,  S.,  Newton  Abbot 

1867*Hall,  Townbhend  M.,  F.G.a.,  Pilton,  Barnstaple. 

1873*Halliday,  W.  H.,  m.a.,  j.p.,  Glenthorn,  Lynmouth,  Barnstaple. 

1892  Halsbury,  Right  Hon.  Lord,  4,  Ennismore  Gardens,  S.W. 
18G2  Hamilton,  A.   II.  A.,  m.a.,  Fairfield  Lodge,  Exeter  (Vice- 
President). 

1889  Hamung,  J.  G.,  The  Close,  Barnstaple. 
1880  Hamlyn,  James,  Bossell  Park,  Buckfastleigh. 
1880  Hamlyn,  John,  Toll  Marsh,  Buckfastleigh. 
1880  Hamlyn,  Joseph,  Bilber  Hill,  Buckfastleigh. 

1878  Hamlyn,  W.  B.,  Widecombe  Cot,  Barrington  Road,  Torquay. 

1893  Hamlyn,  Vincent  W.  Calmady,  Lenwood,  Bridestowe,  Devon. 
1873*Hanbury,  S.,  j.p.,  Bishopstowe,  Torquay  (Vice-President). 
1868  Harper,  J.,  L.R.C.P.,  Bear  Street,  Barnstaple. 

1874  Harpley,  R  B.,  Church  Street,  West  Hartlepool. 
1862  Harpley,  Rev.  W.,  m.a.,  f.c.p.s.,  Clayhanger  Rectory,  Tiverton 
(Hon.  General  Secretary). 


610  LIST  OF  MEMBERS. 

1892  Harpley,   Kev.    F.    R   A,,    B.A.,   Church   View,   Dauhhill, 

Bolton,  Lancashire. 
1877  Harris,  Rev.  S.  G.,  m.a.,  Highweek,  Newton  Abbot. 

1893  Hariis,  Miss,  Sonningdale,  Portland  Avenue,  £xmouth. 
1893  Harrison,  Thomas,  Queen's  Hotel,  Torquay. 

1892  Harvey,  T.  H.,  Gordon  ViUa,  Plymouth. 

1875*Hatt-Cook,  Herbert,  Hartford  Hall,  Cheshire. 

1892  Hawken,  G.,  The  Cornish  Bank,  Limited,  Plymouth. 

1891  Hay  don,  W.  R,  m.d.,  j.p.,  Tiverton. 
1869*Hayne,  C.  Scale,  M.P.,  Kings  wear  Castle,  Dartmouth. 

1886  Hay  ward.  Rev.  D.  LL,  a  a.,  Pitney  Rectory,  Langport,  Somerset 
1865  Heardcr,  W.,  Kocombe,  Paignton. 

1892  Heath,  Miss,  George  Street,  Plymouth. 
1890*Heberden,  W.  B.,   14,  Gloucester  Place,  Portman  Square, 

London,  W. 

1875  Hedgeland,  Rev.  Preb.,  K.A.,  Penzance. 
1888*Hepburn,  T.  H,  Hele,  Cullompton. 

1880  Hewetson,  T.,  Ware,  Staverton,  Buckfastleigh. 

1891  Hewett,  Mrs.,  Tiverton. 

1893  Hex,  F.  S.,  1,  Lansdown  Villas,  Vansittart  Road,  Torquay 

(Hon.  Local  Secretary). 
1882*Hiern,  W.  P.,  Castle  House,  Barnstaple. 
1862  HiNE,  J.,  F.R.I.B.A.,  7,  Mulgrave  Place,  Plymouth. 
1892*Hingston,  C.  A.,  m.d.,  Sussex  Terrace,  Plymouth. 
1888  Hobson,  Rev.  Canon,  The  Presbytery,  Exeter. 

1892  Hodge,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Tavistock  Place,  Plymouth. 

1893  Holman,  Joseph,  17,  Westbury  Park,  Bristol. 

1892  HooppELL,   Rev.    R,    K,    m.a.,    ll.d.,   d.c.l.,   Byers   Green 

Rectory,  via  Spennymoor. 
1872  Hooper,  B.,  Bourn  brook,  Torquay  (Vice-President). 
1877  Hooper,  J.,  Bellfield,  Kingsbridge. 

1892  Hornbrook,  W.,  Garfield  VUla,  Stuart  Road,  Devonport. 

1893  Hornby,  Sir  Edmund,  10,  Wells  wood  Park,  Torquay  (ViCB- 

Phesident). 
1882  Howell,  J.  B.,  The  Grange,  Bow,  X.  Devon. 
1889*HUDLESTOX,  W.    H.,  m.a.,  f.r.s.,  f.g.s. 
1886  Ilughiin,  \V.  J.,  Dunscore,  Torquay. 
1868*Hunt,  A.  R.,  m.a.,  f.g.s.,  f.l.s.,  Soutliwood,  Torquay  (Vicb- 

Prlsident). 

1876  Hurrell,  J.  S.,  The  Manor  House,  Kingsbridge. 
1868  HuTcuiNSON,  P.  O.,  Sidmouth. 

1886  Huxtable,  James,  124,  Park  Road,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

1877*Ilbert,  W.  Roope,  m.a.,  j.p.,  Bowringsleigh,  Kingsbridge. 

1892  Inskip,  Captain  G.  H.,  r.n.,  f.r.g.s.,  22,  Torrington  Place, 

Plymouth. 

1893  Iredale,  A.,  Strand,  Torquay. 

1890  Jackson,  J.,  Torre  Villa,  Torrington. 


UST  OF  MEMBERS.  611 

1890  Jackson,  Mark,  Bear  Street,  Barnstaple. 
1892  James,  E.,  j.p.,  Greenbank,  Plymouth. 

1892  James,  Mrs.  J.  B.,  Holland  House,  Mannamead. 
1890  Johnson,  Eev.  Cecil,  Caerleon,  Barnstaple. 

1 893  Johnson,  S.,  Torquay  Bank,  Torquay  (Hon.  Local  Treasurer). 
1889  Johnstone,  Mrs.,  Hillside,  Tavistock. 

1862*JoNKS,  WiNSLOW,  Imperial  Hotel,  Exmouth. 

1883  Jordan,  W.  F.  C,  4,  Teign  Royal,  Teignmouth. 
1871  Jordan,  W.  R.  II.,  Bitton  Street,  Teignmouth. 

1874  Karkeek,  p.  Q.,  m.r.c.8.,  Isca,  Abbey  Road, Torquay,  President 
of  the  Torquay  Natural  History  Society  (  Vice-President). 
1880*Keeling,  F.,  p.r.g.8.,  St.  Mary's  Terrace,  Colchester. 
1879*KeUand,  W.  H.,  Victoria  Road,  Barnstaple. 
1877*KeUock,  T.  C,  Totnes. 
1872*Kennaway,  Sir  J.  H.,  Bart.,  m.a.,  m.p.,  Escot,  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

1892  Kerswill,  S.,  Osborne  Place,  Plymouth. 

1893  Kerswill,  W.,  Hatfield  Place,  Torquay. 

1880  King,  C.  R  B.,  a.r.i.b.a.,  35,  Oakley  Square,  London,  KW. 

1865*Kitson,  W.  H.,  Shiphay,  Torquay. 

1893  Kitson,  J.,  Fairfield,  Torquay  (Vice-President). 

1880  Knight,  S.,  p.it.i.B.A.,  The  Temple  Chambers,  Temple  Avenue, 

London,  E.C. 

1884  Knowles,  W.,  11,  Barrington  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

1889  Knowles,  Miss,  2,  Park  Hill  Villas,  Highweek,  Newton  Abbot 

1871  Lake,  W.  C,  m.d.,  38,  Bitton  Street,  Teignmoutli. 
1882  Lancaster,  E.  S.,  1,  Windsor  Villas,  Plymouth. 

1881  Lane,  John,  p.c.a.,  2,  Bannercross,  Abbey  Road,  Torquay. 
1873  La  vers,  W.,  Upton  Leigh,  Torre,  Torquay. 

1871  Lee,  Godfrey  Robert,  Timaru  Cottage,  Teignmouth. 
1889*Lee,  Col.,  J.  W.,  Budleigh  Salterton,  South  Devon. 
1892  Lemann,  F.,  Blackfriars  House,  Plymouth. 
1892  Lemon,  Rev.  T.  W.,  d.d.,  Cheltenham  Place,  Plymouth. 
1892  Levy,  A.,  Union  Street,  Plymouth. 
1892  Lewame,  W.,  Headlands,  Plymouth. 

1871*LoNDON,  The  Right  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of,  Fulham  Palace. 
1890*Longstaff,  G.  B.,  m.d.,  Twitcham,  Morthoe,  R.S.O. 
1885*Lowe,  George  S.  S.,  1,  CoUingwood  Villas,  Stoke,  Devonport. 
1877  Luskey,  J.  S.,  West  Alvington,  Kingsbridge. 
1892  Luttrell,  H.  F.,  m.p.,  Duuster,  Somerset. 
1863*Lyte,  F.  Maxwell,  F.c.s.,  GO,  Finborough  Road,  Radclilfe 
Square.  S.W. 

1886*  Mac  Andrew,  James  J.,  j.p.,  f.l.8.,  Lukesland,  Ivybridge. 
1888  Macan,  H.,  St.  Leonard's  Road,  Exeter. 
1877*Mallock.R.,M.p.,Cockington  Court,  Torquay  (Vice-President). 
1871*Martin,  John  May,  c.e.,  f.m.8.,  Rradninch  House,  Exeter. 
1887  Matthews,  Coryndon,  f.b.8.,  Erme  Wood,  Ivybridge. 
1892  Matthews,  H.,  Bedford  Street,  Plymouth. 


612  LIST  OF  MEMBEKS. 

660  Micbelmon:,  IL,  2,  B^uveiie  Place,  Exetec 

884«Mildiiijiy,  H.  K,  Flele,  Irybridge. 

893  Miller,  K.  A.,  ABhfield,  Torquay. 

893  Mofiktt,  Wamef<»d,  care  of  G.  A.  Mo^gayey  Fanebtnk, 

Torquay. 
892  Monk,  J.  K,  7,  Rochester  Temce,  Xorih  Hill,  Plymouth. 

892  Monks  well.    Right    Hon.    Lc»d,   &a^    Monkswell    Houae^ 
Chelsea  Embankment,  Lundon,  S.W. 

893  Moreton,  J.  R,  f.b.c.8.,  Tarvin,  Chester. 
885  Morley,  The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of;  Saltram,  Plympton. 

889  Morsheeul,  R,  Camplehaye,  Tavistock. 
888  Mortimer,  J.,  6,  Xorthemhay  Place,  Exeter. 
886*Mortimer,  A.,  1,  Paper  Buildings,  Temple,  London. 

891  Monell,  W.,  a  a..  Gold  Street,  Tiverton. 
874*Mount  Edgcumbe,  Right  Hon.  Earl  of.  Mount  Edgcnmbe, 

Plymouth. 

892  Munday,  W.  L.,  Mulgrave  Street,  Plymouth. 

893  Musgrave,  G.  A.,  F.B.G.&,  f.jls.,  Fuizebank,  Torquay  (Yioi- 
P&esidbxt). 

881*Xankivell,  C.  A,,  M.D.,  Ashley  Lodge,  Torquay. 

885  Neck,  J.  S.,  Great  House,  Moretonhampstead. 

884*Nes3,  Mrs.  H.,  Daracombe  House,  Highweek,  Xewton  Abbot 

892  NicoU,  G.  R,  21,  South  Devon  Place,  Plymouth. 

892  Norrington,  C.,  J.P.,  Abbotsfield,  Plymouth. 

888  Ormerod,  Miss,  33,  West  Southemhay,  Exeter. 

872  Paige-Brown,   J.   B.,    m.a.,   Great   Ingleboume,   Harberton, 

South  Devon. 
S6^*PanfieIl,  C. 

872  Parker,  C.  K,  13,  Scarborough  Terrace,  Torquay. 
872*Peek,  Sir  H.  W.,  Bart,  ilp.,  care  of  Mr.  Grover,  Roujsdon, 

Lyme,  Dorset 
862  Pknoelly,  W.,  p.h.s.,  f.g.s.,  &c.,  Lamoma,  Torquay. 
887  Penhale,  William,  Castle  Street,  Barnstaple. 

892  Penny,  Rev.  E  L,  D.D.,  Coryton,  PentilUe  Road,  Plymouth. 

882  Pentance  Library. 
872  Percihouse,  F.,  Chelston  Tower,  Chelston,  Torquay. 

883  Petherick,  J.,  Ordsall,  Torquay. 

881  Phear,  Sir  J.  B.,  3La.,  f.g.s,,  j.p.,  Marpool,  Exmouth. 
887  Phillips,  J.,  Moor  Park,  Xewton  Abbot. 
887  PliUlips,  Sydney  H.,  Houndi;?combe  Place,  Plymouth. 

89 1  PiDSLEY,  W.  E  H.,  1 3,  Tierney  Road,  Streatham  HUl,  London. 

890  Pigot,  Rev.  Preb.,  M.A.,  Fremington. 

893  Pitkin,  A.  J.,  a  a..  The  Chaplain's  House,  HM.  Prison,  Exeter 
879  Plymouth  Free  Library. 
SSi  Plymouth  Proprietary  Library,  Cornwall  Street,  Plymouth. 

892  Pollock,    Sir    F.,    Bart,    48,    Great    Cumberland    Place, 
London,  W.  (President  Elect). 


LIST  OF  MEMBERSw  613 

1880  Pode,  J.  D.,  Slade,  Ivybridge. 

1886  Poole,  Rev.  G.,  The  Presbytery,  Torquay. 

1882  Pope,  \V.,  Coplestone  House,  Coplestone,  North  Devon. 
1878*Powell,  W.,  m.b.,  p.r,c.8.,  HUl  Garden,  Torquay. 

1892  Prance,  IL  Penrose,  St.  Andrew's  Terrace,  Plymouth. 
1879  Price,  Right  Rev.  Bishop,  m.a..  Home  Villa,  llfracombe. 
1888  Prickman,  J.  D.,  Okehampton. 

1867  Prowse,  A.  P.,  Yennadon,  Horrabridge. 

1887  Prowse,    Arthur  R,    m.d.,   p.r.c.8.,    5,    Lansdown    Place, 

Clifton. 
1891  Prowse,  W.  B.,  5,  Lansdown  Place,  Clifton. 
1878  PuUiblank,  Rev.  J.,  m.a.,  5,  Church  Road,  Walton-on-the- 

Hill,  Liverpool. 

1893  PuNCHARD,  Rev.  K  G.,  d.d.,  Christ  Church  Vicarage,  Luton, 

Bedfordshire. 
1862  Pycroft,    G.,    m.r.c.8.,    2,    Camborne   Terrace,    Richmond, 
Surrey. 

1881*Radford,  D.,  j.p..  Mount  Tavy,  Tavistock. 
1868*Radford,  W.  T.,  m.r,  p.r.a.8.,  Sid  mount,  Sidmonth. 
1876  Radford,  Rev.  W.  T.  A.,  Down  St.  Mary  Rectory,  Bow, 
North  Devon. 

1888  Radpord,  Mrs.,  Chiswick  House,  Ditton  Hill,  Surbiton. 

1889  Radford,  C.  H.,  West  Axtown,  Yelverton,  RS.O. 

1891  Rankilor,  H.  M.,  Belle  Vue,  Tiverton. 

1872  Reichel,  Rev.  Oswald  J.,  &o.l.,  k  la  Ronde,  Lympstone, 

Devon. 
1885  Reichel,  L.  H.,  Black  Torrington,  Highampton. 
1888  Richards,  J.  W.,  Riversdale,  Torquay. 
1885  Richardson,  Rev.  P.  J.,  m.a.,  Vicarage,  Seaton. 
1893  Richardson,  Dr.,  J.  B.,  The  Towers,  Torquay. 

1892  Rickford,  Wyndham,  Clearwell,  Exmouth. 

1892  Risk,  Rev.  J.  E.,  m.a.,  St.  Andrew's  Chapelry,  Plymouth. 
1877*Roberts,  I.,  p.r.8.,  f.r.a.s.,  f.g.8.,  Starfield,  Crowboiough, 
Sussex. 

1892  Robinson,  C.  E.,  Richmond  Lodge,  Torquay. 

1884  Robinson,  J.  F.,  Park  Hill,  Ipplepen,  Newton  Abbot 

1893  Rockhey,  J.  F.,  Twin  Tree,  Chelston,  Torquay. 
1892  Rooney,  J.,  Great  Western  Docks,  Plymouth. 
1872*Ros8all,  J.  H.,  m.a..  Rock  House,  Torquay. 

1862  RowE,  J.  Brooking,  p.s.a.,  p.l.8.,  Castle  Barbican,  Plympton. 

1892  Rudge,  J.,  Seaton  Terrace,  Plymouth. 

1869*Ryder,  J.  W.  W.,  j.p.,  4,  Tamar  Terrace,  Stoke,  Devonport. 

1888*Sanders,  C.  J.  B.,  26,  Gandy  Street,  Exeter. 

1890  Sanders,  J.  J.  H.,  The  Square,  Barnstaple. 

1 869  Sanf ord,  W.  A. ,  f.g.  s. ,  Nynehead  Court,  Wellington,  Somerset 
1881*Saunders,  E.  Symes,  Devon  County  Asylum,  Exminster. 
1877*Saunder8,  J.  Symes,  m.b.^  Devon  County  Asylum,  Exminatei; 


614  LIST  OF  MEMBERS. 

1887*Saiinders,  Trelawney,   Elmfield   on   the    Knowles,   Newton 

Abbot. 
1880*Saunders,  W.  S.,  Moor  View  Lodge,  Pennsylvania,  Exeter. 

1876  Scott,  T.  A.  Sommers,  Trentishoe,  Dorking. 

1884  Scratton,  D.  R,   d.l.,  j.p.,    Ogwell  House,   West   Ogwell, 

Newton  Abbot. 

1892  Sexton,  L.,  Portland  Square,  Plymouth. 

1893  Shapley,  E.  S.,  2,  Strand,  Torquay. 

1882  Shelley,  Sir  John,  Bart.,  Shobrooke  Park,  Crediton. 
1879  Shelly,  J.,  20,  Princess  Square,  Plymouth. 
1881*Shier,  David,  m.d.,  3,  Claremont  Terrace,  Exmouth. 

1885  Sibbald,  J.  G.  E.,  Admiralty,  WhitehaU,  London,  S.W. 
1893  Skardon,    Lieut. -Col.    T.    G.,    Simla,    Groodrington,    near 

Paignton. 

1878  Slade,  S.  H.,  Richmond  House,  South  Norwood  Hill,  South 

Norwood,  London,  S.E. 
1893  Smerdon,  R,  Wellswood  Place,  Torquay. 

1874  Smith,  E.,  p.c.s.,  Heathfield  House,  Chudleigh. 

1879  Smith,  Rev.  Preb.,  m.a.,  Crediton. 

1891  Southcomb,  Eev.  H.  G.,  m.a.,  Roseash  Rectory,  Southmolton. 
1884  Sparke,  Morton,  Rooklands,  Torquay. 

1892  Spearman,  W.  T.,  Briar  Tor,  Yelverton,  RS.O. 

1893  Splatt,  W.  F.,  The  Elms,  Torquay,  Mayor  of  Torquay  (Vice- 

President). 
187 ^*Spragge,  F.  P. 

1882  Sprague,  F.  S.,  Crediton. 

1892  Square,   W.,  f.r.c.8.,  f.k.o.s.,  Portland  Square,  Plymouth. 

1883  Stapledon,  J.  N.,  Lakenham,  Westward  Ho ! 

1893  Stark,  W.  H.,  Hillstead,  Basingstoke. 
1868*Stebbing,  Rev.  T.  R.  R,  m.a.,  Ephraim  Lodge,  The  Common, 

Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 
1872*Stewart-Savile,  Rev.  F.  A.,  m.a.,  Loybourne  Grange,  Mailing, 

Kent. 
1876*Stone,  J.,  Leusdon  Lodge,  Ashburton. 

1875  Strangways,  Rev.  H.  Fox,  Silverton  Rectory,  Collumpton. 
1875*Sulivan,  Miss,  Broom  House,  Fulhara. 

1892  Symons,  A.,  Toronto,  Canada. 

1892*Tanner-Davy,  Mrs.,  Manor  House,  Roseash,  Southmolton. 
1890  Tavistock  Public  Library. 

1886  Taylor,  Arthur  Furneaux,  Ingleside,  Han  well,  London,  W. 
1889  Taylor,  Rev.  C.  H.,  m.a..  Vicarage,  Milton  Abbot,  Tavistock. 

1893  Taylor,  J.,  f.l.s.,  f.c.s.,  15,  Lucius  Street,  Torquay. 
\8%\*TehbLtt,  IF. 

1877  Thomas,  Henry  Drew,  Staplake  Mount,  Starcoss. 

18G8  Thornton,  Rev.  W.  H.,  b.a.,  North  Bovey  Rectory,  Moreton- 

hampstead. 
1869*TothiH  W.,  Stoke  Bishop,  Bristol. 


LIST  OF  MElilBERS.  615 

1872  Tozer,  Henry,  Ashburton. 

1887  Treby,  General  Phillipps,  j.p.,  Goodamoor,  Plympton. 
1889  Troup,  J.  Rose,  Kockbeare  Manor,  near  Exeter. 
1887  Troup,  Mrs.,  Rockbeare  Manor,  near  Exeter. 
1876  Tucker,  R.  C,  Ashburton. 

1876  Tucker,  Edwin,  Ashburton. 

1872  Turnbull,  Lieut. -Col.  J.  R.,  The  Priory,  Torquay. 

1877  Turner,  Miss  K,  Combe  Royal,  Kingsbridge. 

1880  Turner,  T.,  j.p.,  F.R.Met.  Soc,  Cullompton. 

1887  Underhay,  Mrs.,  4,  Marlborough  Road,  Plymouth. 

1875  Ussher,  W.  A.  E.,  p.G.a,  28,  Jermyn  Street,  London,  S.W. 

1872  Varwell,  p.,  Melrose,  Exeter. 

1881  Varwell,  H.  B.,  1,  Sidney  Place,  St.  Thomas,  Exeter. 
1889  Vaughan,  Mrs.,  Westbourne,  Budleigh  Salterton. 

1887  Venning,  J.  J.  K,  Stoke,  Devonport. 

1884  Vicary,  W.,  The  Knoll,  Newton  Abbot, 
1862*Vicary,  W.,  f.g.s.,  The  Priory,  Colleton  Crescent,  Exeter. 
1893  Viccars,  T.,  f.g.s.,  Public  College,  Torquay  (Viob-Prbsidbnt). 
1893  Vigors,  Col.  Philip  D.,  j.p.,  HoUoden,  Baganalstown,  Co. 

Carlo w,  Ireland. 

1892  Vincent,  Rev.  S.,  Woodland  Terrace,  Plymouth. 

1885  Voysey,  Rev.  Annesley  M.,  Rock  Bank,  Lower  Brixham, 

South  Devon. 

1881  Wade,  C.  J.,  j.p.,  11,  West  CliflF,  Dawlish. 

1893  Wade,  C.  H.,  b.a.,  Stanfield,  Torquay. 

1893  Wainwright,  T.,  North  Devon  Athenaeum,  Barnstaple. 
1893  Walker,  Robert,  m.d..  East  Terrace,  Budleigh  Salterton. 
1880  Walker,  W.  H.,  Princess  Place,  Plymouth. 

1888  Wallis,  A.,  F.R.s.ii.,  7,  Regent's  Park,  Exeter. 

1889  Ware,  C.  E.,  Iddesleigh,  lleavitree  Road,  Exeter. 
1889*Watt8,  R.  L,  Devonport. 

1892  Webb,  F.  J.,  f.g.s.,  Technical  Schools,  Plymouth. 
1864  Weeks,  C,  Warleigh,  Tor  Hill  Road,  Torquay. 

1893  Weeks,  T.  S.,  a.m.i.c.b.,  Wrington,  Torquay. 

1893  Wells,  Very  Rev.  Monsignor,  ll.d..  The  Presbytery,  Torquay. 

1870*Were,  T.  K.,  m.a.,  Cotlands,  Sidmouth. 

1866* Weymouth,   R.  F.,  d.lit.,  m.a.,  33,  Alfred   Road,  Acton, 

London,  W. 
1877  Weymouth,  T.  W.,  Woolston  House,  Loddiswell,  Kingsbridge. 
1893  Whale,  Rev.  T.  W.,  m.a.,  Dolton. 

1890  Whaley,  C.  H.,  National  Provincial  Bank  House,  Barnstaple. 
1878*Whidbome,  Rev.  G.  F.,  m.a.,  f.g.s.,  Charante,  Torquay. 
1872JWhitaker,  W.,  ra.,  f.b.s.,  f.g.s..  Geological  Survey  Office, 

28,  Jermyn  Street,  London,  S.W. ;  and  33,  East  Park 
Terrace,  Southampton. 
1875  White-Thomson,  Col,  Broomford  Manor,  Exboume,  North 
Devon. 


616  LIST  OF  MEMBERS. 

1893  White,  T.  Jeston,  59,  Bryanston  Street,  London,  W. 

1890  Wilcocks,  Horace  Stone,  32,  Wyndham  Square,  Plymouth. 

1892  Wilkinson,  Ven.  Archdeacon,  d.d.,  St.  Andrew's  Vicarage, 

Plymouth. 

1881*Willcock8,  F.,  m.d.,  m.r.c.p.,  14,  Mandeville  Place,  Man- 
chester Square,  London,  W. 

1877*Willcocks,  Rev.  K  J.,  m.a..  The  Sclu^ol  House,  Warrington, 
Lancashire. 

1877*Willcock8,  G.  W.,  k.  inst.  ce.,  4,  College  Hill,  Cannon 
Street,  London,  E.C. 

1877*Willcocks,  R.  H.,  ll.b.,  4,  College  Hill,  Cannon  Street, 
London,  E.C. 

1876*Willcocks,  W.  K.,  m.a.,  19,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn, 
London,  W.C. 

1883*Willcock8,  A.  D.,  M.R.C.S.,  Park  Street,  Taunton. 

1871  Willett,  J.  S.,  Petticombe,  Torrington. 

1889  Williams,  J.  D.,  West  Street,  Tavistock. 

1893  Williams,  F.,  The  Firs,  Budleigh  Salterton. 
1893  Willmot,  Miss,  Mayfield,  Budleigh  Salterton. 

1871  Wills,  Joseph,  13,  Church-st.,  Cowick-ter.,  St.  Thomas,  Exeter. 
1893  Willis,  R,  Lennox  Lodge,  Shanklin,  Isle  of  Wight. 
1875* Wiltshire,   Rev.  T.,  m.a.,  f.g.s.,  f.l.8.,  f.h.a.&,  Hon.  Sec., 

Palasontographical    and    Ray    Societies,    25,    Granville 
Park,  Lewisham,  London,  S.W. 
1875*WiNDKATT,  Edward,  Totnes. 

1872  WiNDEATT,  T.  W.,  Totnes. 

187  2*  Win  wood,  Rev.  H.  H.,  m.a.,  f.g.s.,  1 1,  Cavendish  Crescent,  Bath. 

1884* Wolfe,  J.  E.,  Arthington,  Torquay. 

1878  Wolfe,  Rev.  Prob.,  m.a.,  Arthington,  Torquay. 

1884  Wollen,  Grant,  Glengariffe,  Torquay. 

1884*WooDHOU8E,  H.  B.  S.,  10,  Portland  Square,  Plymouth. 

1887*Woollcombe,  Rev.  G.  Ley,  Hemerdon,  Plympton. 

1886  Woollcombo,  W.  J.,  Plympton. 

1872  Worth,  R  N.,  f.g.s.,  4,  Seaton  Avenue,  Plymouth. 

1891  Worth,  R.  Hansford,  ce.,  4,  Seaton  Avenue,  Plymouth. 
187G  Wright,   W.    II.    K.,    Headland    House,    Headland   Park, 

Plymouth. 

1892  Wiinsch,  E.  G.,  f.g.s.,  Carharrack,  Scorrier,  Cornwall. 


The  following  Table  contain!  a  Snmmary  of  the  foregoing  Liet. 


Honorary  Members    . 
Corresponding  Member 
Life  Members 
Annual  Members 

Total,  July  30th,  1893 


2 

1 

98 

366 

467 


INDEX 


TO 


THE    TWENTY-FIFTH    VOLUME 


OF  TUB 


TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  DEVONSHIRE  ASSOCIATION  FOR  THE 
ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE,  LITERATURE,  AND  ART. 


Address  of  the  Preskleut  (T.  N. 
Brushfield,  Esq.,  M.D.).  25. 
Carlyle,  on  booKs,  quotoa,  and 
Cliaucer,  and  Arbor.  The  First 
Period  of  Time,  1087,  St.  Boni- 
face, 26.  Sec&nd  Period,  1088- 
ISOOf  29  ;  Bartliolomew  Iscanus, 
30 ;  Bracton,  liis  opinion  of  a 
king,  33  ;  Rector  of  Combe  -  in  • 
Teignhcad  and  of  Bide  ford,  116. 
Third  Period,  1S00-U77.  Waltta- 
de  Staijeldon,  34  ;  Sir  Ferunibras, 
36,  11/  ;  John  Shillingford,  36  ; 
Sir  John  Fortescue,  3/.  Fruiih 
Period,  1477-1558.  Alexander 
Barcky,  39  ;  Miles  Covcrdale,  42  ; 
first  printing-prcj^s  in  Devon,  45. 
Fifth  Period,  1558-1640.  Ac- 
cession of  Elizabeth,  45.  Bishop 
Jewel,  46  ;  Greorge  Hakewill,  53  ; 
sermons  on  tlie  Gunpowder  Plot, 
the  siege  of  Exeter  in  1649,  the 
pestilence  and  the  now  Burial 
uround,  54  ;  Milton's  prose  works, 
and  Richard  Hooker's,  57,  99, 103, 
149  ;  writers  of  i>oetry,  58  ;  inti'o- 
duction  of  Sonnets  into  England, 
39  ;  Sir  Walter  Ralegh,  59,  76,  82  : 
H.  Gitford,  W.  Strode,  W.  Browne, 
62,  83 ;  Robert  Herrick,  64  ;  Eliza- 
Iwthan  writers,  66,  94,  100  ;  their 
tendency  condemned,  71  ;  ballad 
writers,  and  authors  on  legal  sub- 
jects, 72  :  and  on  Parliamentary' 
matters,  74 ;  educational  litera- 
ture, Nicholas  Wadham,  and  Peter 
Blundell,    78 ;    Bo<lley    and    the 

VOL.   XXV.  2 


BoiUeian  Library,  79 ;  John  Hooker, 
81,  99  ;  naval  literatni*e,  84  ;  Haw- 
kins, 86  ;  Steven  Borough,  87  ; 
Gilbert,  89  ;  Capt  R.  Whitboume, 
90 ;  J.  Davis  and  Sir  F.  Drake, 
91  ;  J.  Oxenham,  Sir  T.  Gates, 
94  ;  action  between  the  Revenge 
and  the  SiMiniards,  96.  Historical 
Section  — nooViiY,  Barkham,  99  ; 
W.  Martin,  100  ;  Carcw  of  Clopton. 
Sociitl  Histonj—V\\i\i\)  Wyot,  101  ; 
Rev.  (}.  Lydc,  Walter  Yonge,  102  ; 
T.  Wcstcote.  General  History — Sir 
W.  Ralegh,  106  ;  Absence  of  ieniale 
writt'rs,  110.  Ajtpendix  A,  113. 
[In  this  Api>endix  there  are  numer- 
ous Notes,  immbei'ed  from  1  to 
249,  referring  to  corresj)onding 
numbers  in  the  text.]  The  Devon- 
shire Domesday,  116  ;  '*The  Fatal 
Vesj)ers,"  about  100  ])erKons  killed, 
124  ;  the  Spanish  Match,  126 ; 
the  world  does  not  grow  old,  53, 
127  (Nos.  81  k  82) ;  Smectymnus 
analyse*!,  128 ;  the  iwwer  of  a 
king,  137  ;  Queen  Elizabeth  and 
the  Poi)e's  Bull,  142;  '^as  tineas 
Kirton  sninning,"  151.  Appewlix 
B,  163.  List  of  Devonshire  authoi-s, 
Ac,  to  the  year  1640. 

Arts  and  Crafts  on  Dartmoor,  J. 
Phillips,  536. 

Australian  exploration,  389. 

Bibliogi-aphy  of  Devon,  Rev.  J.  I. 
Dredge,  557. 

Broadbury  Castle,  near  llolsworthy. 
J.  M.  Martin,  547. 


K 


618 


IKDBX. 


Bronze  lance  head,  173. 

Brownlow,    The   Right   Rev.    Mon- 

S'jnor,  M.A.,  A  Visitation  of  St 
ary  Church  in  a.d.  1301,  431. 
The  powers  of  a  Bishop  as  to 
Visitation,  the  Archbishop's  power 
limited,  432  ;  Ordinary  and  Extra- 
ordinary Visitations,  no  heretics  in 
England  in  the  time  of  Edward  XL, 
what  was  done  at  a  Visitation, 
433  ;  Visitation  of  a  Vicar-General 
or  Priest,  Synod  under  Bishop 
Quivil  at  Exeter,  434 ;  Arch- 
deacons' Visitations,  mumpsimus 
and  sumpsimua,  the  Manor  of  St. 
Mary  Church,  435  ;  Visitation  by 
the  Seneschals  of  the  Chapter, 
Foot-note  in  Latin,  436 ;  vessels, 
vestments,  and  books,  438  ;  who 
paid  for  these  things,  dispute  about 
the  chalice,  custody  of  the  accounts, 
439  ;  dispute  about  tithes  and  other 
things,  feeding  cattle  in  cemeteries 
forbmden,  440 ;  law  about  trees, 
a  nice  Vicar,  dilapidated  church, 
441  ;  quarrelling  for  seats  in  the 
church,  character  of  the  Vicar, 
442 ;  the  pyx  and  the  host,  443  ; 
Visitation  at  Staverton,  at  Rings- 
kerswell,  and  at  Coffinswell,  444  ; 
Bishop  Stapledon's  Commission, 
446  ;  incomes  of  the  Clergy,  ex- 
tracts in  Latin  froni  Stai^lcdon's 
Register  referring  to  St.  Mary 
Church,  446 ;  also  to  the  Capella  do 
Carswille,  and  to  Coffinswillo,  448. 

Brushfield,  T.  N.,  m.d.,  reads 
the  President's  Address.  —  See 
"Address." 

Brushfield,  T.  N.,  m.d.,  Ricliard 
Izacke  and  his  "Antiquities  of 
Exeter,"  449  ;  Pedigree  and  Coat 
Armour  of  Izacke,  450 ;  family 
differences,  451  ;  Samuel  Izacke 
disfranchised,  452 ;  title-page  of 
the  "Memorials"  and  dedicatory 
letter,  458  ;  description  of  the 
book,  another  book  of  unknown 
origin,  454  ;  Izacke's  printed 
volume,  456 ;  the  same  with  a 
new  titlc-i>age,  457  ;  projMJsals  for 
printing  a  new  edition,  458  ;  other 
editions,  459 ;  the  Conduit  and 
Platey  461  ;  second  work  by  R 
Izacke,  462  ;  the  Rights  and  ri'ivi- 
legcs  of  the  Freemen  of  Exeter,  &c., 
by  Samuel  Izacke,  463  ;  Crossing's 
History  of  Exeter,  Samuel  Lsacke's 
conduct,  464  ;  work  by  W.  Holmes, 
465  ;  Izacke's  character  as  a  writer. 


466  ;  Prospectus  of  the  Chronicles 
of  the  city  of  Exeter,  by  the  Rev. 
G.  S.  Luke,  467. 

Burnard,  R.,  and  A.  B.  Prowse, 
M.D.,  F.R.C.&,  Place -namea  in 
Vol.  I.  of  the  Publications  of  the 
Dartmoor  Preservation  Association, 
482.  Place-names  of  ancient  Dart- 
moor hard  to  identify,  plan  followed 
by  the  authors,  ib.  Might  Wyll, 
the  highest  point  on  Dartmoor, 
2040  feet,  494 ;  tithing  of  South 
Tei^,  503  ;  Wallack  Mill,  old  tin 
mill  still  remaining,  506. 

Bums,  Rev.  J.  S.,  Syon  Abbey,  848. 
Brief  account  of  St.  Briget  or 
Bridget,  foundation  of  the  rdigious 
house  by  Henry  V.,  the  endow- 
ment  in  money,  844  ;  and  in  land, 
Charters  of  Henry  V.,  845 ;  hii- 
torical  memorandum  at  Plymouth, 
and  a  probable  inspeximua  without 
date,  346 ;  list  of  privileges  or 
exemptions  in  English,  ca&o^e 
of  Syon  Library,  lease  of  Sid- 
moutn  Manor  to  Richard  Gosnell 
or  (Josenell,  847 ;  suppression  of 
Syon  Monastery,  position  of  the 
iJady  Abbess,  848 ;  the  nuns  dis- 
persed, Catherine  Howard  im- 
prisoned at  Syon,  and  Lady  Jane 
Grey,  349  ;  some  of  the  nuns  re- 
stored by  Queen  Mary,  released  by 
Elizabeth,  their  wanderings  abroaa, 
brought  back  to  England,  350 ; 
then  at  Rouen,  and  at  Lisbon, 
again  in  England,  and,  lastly, 
settled  near  Chudleigh,  gold  half 
noble  of  Henry  V.,  351.  Appendix 
No.  I.  Discharge  by  Henry  VIIL 
of  all  Xths.,  XVtns.,  &c.,  in  Latin, 
352,  with  two  Addenda.  No,  II. 
Extract  from  Carta  of  Henry  VI., 
in  Latin,  354.  No.  Ill  Extract 
from  the  Concessio  Epo  Dunel- 
mensi,  &c.,  in  Latin,  355. 

Bye -laws  and  Standing  Orders,  11. 

Camp  at  Broadbury,  near  Hols- 
worthy,  by  J.  M.  Martin,  647. 

Chain  cables  used  by  the  Veneti, 
temp.  Cflpsar,  251. 

Chandler,  Alfred,  f.r,  mkt.  soc:.  The 
Climate  of  Torquay,  271.  Amount 
of  sunshine,  range  of  tem|)erature 
at  different  heights,  272  ;  amount 
of  rainfall,  273  ;  humidity,  or  air 
moisture,  wind  direction,  amount 
of  ozone  ;  simimary,  274. 

Climate  of  Devon,  list  of  Stations, 
Tabular  record  for  the  year,  212. 


INDBX. 


619 


Coins,  Roman  and  others,  179. 
Collier,  W.  F.  Devonshire  Dialect, 
276.  Three  clasRes  of  dialect,  277  ; 
differences  of  pronunciation,  ^Titers 
who  have  written  on  Dialect,  con- 
fused utterance,  Archaisms,  278  ; 
nae  of  the  words  fay  and  wisikt^ 
S79 ;  weam^  ream,  mazed^  280 ;  a 
mazed-finch,  "which  he  should," 
and  mindy  281 ;  plum,  warn,  tell, 
Jakes,  eloam,  suerU,  282 ;  hmne, 
words  of  French  origin  —  Tiolly 
morhlu,  rendytm,  barracade  ;  liizy- 
prizy,  iron  prayers,  288  ;  a  vlea 
kicked  ee,  serrage,  a  cry  of  hounds, 
&&,  and  other  expressions,  284. 
Contents,  3. 
Dartmoor,  menhirs  on,  172  ;  hronze 

and  flint  implements,  173. 
Dartmoor,  and  its  place-names,  482. 
Dartmoor,    Some    remarks    on    the 

bounds  of,  610. 
Dartmoor,  Arts  and  Crafts  on,  by  J. 

P.  PhiUirw,  686,  602. 
Dartmoor,  The  Stone  Rows  on,  by 

R.  N.  Worth  {Part  IL\  541. 
Devonshire  Dialect,  276. 
Devonshire  Domesday,  286,  299. 
Dredge,  Rev.  J.  Ingle,  The  Maiwood 
List  of  Briefs,  1714-1774.     What 
a  Brief  is,  366 ;  Rev.  R.  Hai-ding, 
68  years  Rector  of  Marwood  ;  list 
of  Briefs,  857  ;  Petitions  for  relief, 
880 ;  brief  for  slaves  in  Algiers, 
nine  collections,  881. 
Dredge,  Rev.  J.  Ingle,  A  few  Sheaves 
of    Devon     Bibliography.       Th^ 
Fourth  Sheaf,  652.     Bartholmvew 
Aehtoood,   entered  at  St  Alban's 
Hall,  Oxf.,matric.  1638-9,  <xt,  16  ; 
Battellar  Ex.  Coll.   1640-1  ;   b.a. 
1642,   Vicar  of   Axminster  1661, 
ejected    1662,    oh,    1678.      John 
Bond,  LL,D.,  654  ;  born  at  Chard 
in  1611  ;  entered  Cath.  Hall ;  b.a. 
1631,  M.A.  1635,  LL.D.  1645  ;  M.P. 
for  Melcombe  Regis,  Preacher  at 
the    Savoy,    Preacher    at    Exeter 
1647  ;   Professor  of  Civil  Law  at 
Gre^ham    Coll.     1649 ;     Sermons 
during  the  Civil  War,  556  ;   the 
Victory  at  Naseby,  558  ;  oh,  1676. 
William    Chilcott,     M.A.,    660; 
Matric.   Balliol   Coll.   1680;    B.A. 
1683,  M.A.  1686  ;  Rector  of  Den- 
bury  1689  ;  Rector  of  St  George, 
St    Olive,  and  St  John,  Exeter ; 
married  Miss  Coj)leston,  ob,  1711. 
Story  of  a  melancholy  Lady,  661. 
John  Chishull,  662 ;   educated  at 


Oxford,  kept  a  school.  Rector  of 
Pitt  Portion,  Tiverton  ;   returned 
to  his  schooling,  ob,  circa  1674. 
William  Easte  ^st  or  Eete],  If. A., 
664 ;   rector  of  Bideford  1691-2 ; 
extracts  from  Parish  Register  ;  his 
Will  proved  Feb.  6,  1626-6 ;  copy 
of   his  Will,   667  ;    inventory  of 
effects  duly  appraised.  668.    Simon 
Ford,  D.D.,  669  ;  bom  circa  1619  ; 
Matric.    Mag.    Hall,    Oxf.,   1686, 
Art.    17,   "pleb.  JU,"\    B.A.   1640, 
M.A.  1648,  B.D.  1649-50 ;  Vicar  of 
St.  Lam-ence,  Reading,  1651  ;  Vicar 
of  All  Saints,  Northampton,  Chap> 
lain  to  His  Majesty,   1661  ;   d.d. 
1665  ;      Preacher    at     Bridewell 
Chai)el,  London,  1670 ;  Rector  of 
St.  Mary,  Aldenuanbury,  eod,  an.  ; 
Rector  of  Old  Swinford,  Worcester- 
shire, 1676,  ob.  1699.  His  numerous 
works,  671.     Thomas  Long,  B.D., 
686 ;  bom  at  Exeter  1621 ;  Servitor 
at   Ex.    Coll,    Oxf.,    1688;    ra. 
1642  ;  Rector  of  St.  Lawrence  Clist 
before  1676  ;  b.d.  1660 ;  married 
1676    to     Bridget,    daughter    of 
Bishop  Sparrow,  of  Exeter  (second 
marriage) ;  Proctor  in  Convocation 
in  1689,  and  on  three  other  occa- 
sions ;  not  a  Noimiror ;  ob.  1712. 
His  works,  687  ;  Bishop  Andrews* 
fatal    prognostication    concerning 
Charles   I.,    688;   T.   Long's   last 
Will,  600.     Thomas  Trescot,  601  ; 
son  of   Robert  Trescot,   pleb.   of 
Exeter ;  bom  1612 ;  Matric.  Queen's 
Coll.  1626,  (et.  14  ;  b.a.  Ex.  Coll. 
1629-30  ;  m.a.  1632  ;  incorporated 
at  Cambridge,    1635 ;    Rector   of 
Inwardleigh,   1638,  aftenvaixls   of 
Shobrook  ;  ejected  1662  ;  ob.  1684. 

Earthquakes,  126  (No.  77),  176. 

Errata,  2,  and  at  the  end. 

Exeter  and  its  historians,  449. 

Exmouth  Warren,  406. 

Flint  implements,  178. 

Geological  section  by  boring  at  Ply- 
mouth, 173. 

Harris,  Rev.  S.  G.,  m.a.,  John 
Tucker,  Paiish  Clerk,  of  Corn- 
worthy,  and  Antiquary,  470.  A 
schoolmaster,  a  newspaper  corres* 
pondent,  under  the  signatui'e  of 
yerb.  Sap,,  471  ;  maker  of  wills 
for  all  the  neighbourhood  round  ; 
his  capabilities  and  his  antiquarian 
pursuits,  472  ;  Priory  and  Court 
Prior  Estate,  names  of  Prioresses  ; 
Mandate  of  Bishop  Veysey,  473  ; 


620 


IUDBX. 


after  the  Dissolution  the  Priory 
granted  to  £.  Harris  and  J. 
Williams  ;  its  siibsequeut  owners, 
476  ;  the  Harris  family,  476  ;  Ex- 
tracts from  Registers.  477  ;  and 
from  the  parochial  Books,  479 ; 
also  from  a  Church  Accoimt  Book, 
480  ;  Com  worthy  Manor,  481. 

Hill,  John,  Obituary  Notice  of,  159. 

Izacke,  and  the  History  of  Exeter, 
449. 

Jones,  Winslow.  The  Author  of 
"The  Worthies  of  Devon,"  and 
the  Prince  Family,  416.  Authori- 
ties consulted,  417  ;  Parentage  of 
Prince,  418  ;  Curate  of  Bidefoixi, 
Minister  of  St  Martin's,  Exeter, 
419  ;  not  known  when  or  where 
married,  420 ;  Vicar  of  Totnes  in 
1676,  of  Berry  Pomei-oy  in  1681 ; 
the  "Worthies"  published  in  1701  ; 
tablet  to  his  parents  in  Axminster 
Church,  421 ;  inscription  in  Latin 
on  it ;  MS.  of  his  second  Vol., 
422  ;  he  died  in  1723,  and  interred 
at  Berry  Pomeroy  ;  he  apparently 
left  no  offspring,  423 ;  second 
edition  of  the  "Worthies"  in 
1810  ;  Tabular  Pedigree  of  Prince, 
424  ;  other  members  of  the  Prince 
family,  e.g.  John  and  Leonard, 
425,  and  430,  in  pede;  Philip 
and  William,  426;  Margaret  ana 
William,  427.  Appendix  I.  List 
of  Prince's  printed  Sermons  and 
Pamphlets,  428.  Appendix  II. 
List  of  Prince's  Sermons  and 
Pamphlets,  but  not  printed,  429. 

Karkeek,  Paul  Q.,  m.k.(.\s.,  m.o.h. 
Tlie  Story  of  Torbay,  249.  The 
oldest  borough,  ancient  shipping, 
chain  cal)les,  j)rows  with  beaks, 
251  ;  rowing  versus  sailing,  no 
traces  of  Roman  occupation  round 
Torbay,  Saxon  sliips,  252  ;  tlie 
Danes,  the  Normans,  253  ;  Dart- 
moor, king  John's  visits,  jiiracy, 
254  ;  ships  increased  in  size  temp. 
Ed.  III.,  Budleigh  attacked,  and 
Teignmoutli,  the  large  Spanish 
carack,  255  :  the  Simnish  Armada, 
the  Newfoundland  trade,  the  civil 
wars,  257  ;  foreign  ships  in  the 
Bay,  the  landing  of  William  III., 
wreckers,  258  ;  growth  of  Torquay, 
Bonaparte,  and  Napoleon  III., 
259  ;  conclusion,  260. 

Kent's  Cavern,  249,  261. 

Kitclicn-middcn,  Mount  Batten,  Ply- 
mouth, 171. 


Landslip  at  Sidmouth,  174. 

List  of  Members,  605. 

List  of  Members  classified,  616. 

List  of  the  Officers  and  of  the 
Council,  5. 

Menhirs  on  Dartmoor,  172. 

Martin,  J.  M.,  C.E.,  kc  Some 
further  notes  on  Exmouth  Warren, 
406.  The  outlet  of  the  river  Exe 
at  Langstone  Point,  Spanish  chart 
of  the  narbour,  Polwhele  quoted, 
407  ;  Bull  Hill  and  the  Shilley, 
Woolcomb's  Island,  Stoplake,  farm 
houses  on  the  Warren,  Winstanley's 
lighthouse  on  the  Eddystone  rocks, 
operations  by  the  Conrtenay  fiunily 
near  Powderham,  408  ;  the  Eenn 
river  and  the  Cove  formerly  navi- 
gable, the  one  to  Powderham  Castle, 
the  other  to  Cofton,  the  Exe 
silting  up,  409 ;  changes  in  the 
river,  Polwhele  quoted,  and  Brice, 
410 ;  contradictory  statements,  411 ; 
table  shewing  area  of  the  Warren 
at  various  periods,  412 ;  the  Ord- 
nance bencnmark  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Axe,  414 ;  disposal  of  sew- 
age of  Exeter,  experiment  near 
j^inburgh,  Conclusion,  415. 

Martin,  J.  M.,  Broadbury  and  its 
ancient  Earthworks,  547.  Extracts 
from  Polwhele,  Risdon,  Ac.,  sur- 
mises as  to  what  people  built  it, 
648  ;  nearly  levellea  and  destroyed, 
"that  brutal  invention,  barbed 
wire,"  Hinda  Barrow  and  Thorn 
Barrow,  Stowford  Barrows  levelled, 
Brinsworthy  Barrows,  Upcot's  Bar- 
row, Foxhole  Barrow,  60  yards  in 
diameter,  Ye  worthy  Barrow,  649  ; 
heights  of  hills  and  earthworks, 
commanding  views,  660 ;  names 
altered  in  new  Survey,  Wallon's 
Gibbet,  such  alterations  condemned, 
551. 

Meetings  of  the  Association,  6. 

Members  of  the  Association,  605. 

Meteors,  177. 

Minutes  of  Council  appointing  Com- 
mittees, 23. 

Obituary  Notices,  159. 

Officers  of  the  Association,  5. 

Parfitt,  Edwai-d,  Obituary  Notice  of, 
159.  List  of  his  contributions  to 
the  Transactions,  160. 

Phear,  Sir  John  B.,  m.a.,  f.o.s.  On 
the  Association's  English  Version 
of  the  Devonshire  Domesday,  299. 
Twenty  shillings  nmst  weigh  12 
ounces  of  pure  silver,  i-e venue  for